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Design Dilemma: Any vs. All

July 10, 2025 Apps, Birdigo, Games, Projects

In Birdigo, the game that Corey Martin and I are releasing on July 30th, we’ve run into an interesting design question.

The central mechanic of the game is using letters in your hand to build words, much like in Scrabble. Each card has a single letter on it, with the exception of the QXZ card, which can be played as ANY of those letters.

Birdigo screenshot showing cards make ZITI
ZITI, not QITI or XITI

The QXZ card comes from my previous (physical) card game, AlphaBirds. It’s a useful innovation, turning a card that could be an albatross into something more flexible and useful. You’re not inclined to automatically discard QXZ like you might with a J.

Since Birdigo isn’t constrained by physical reality, we can do fun things to the cards themselves. They can be transformed into speckled, gold, platinum or diamond versions, scoring higher points when played. We can duplicate or destroy cards. We can even merge them using a special song:

Corncrake
Merge two selected cards

If you have a N and G in your hand, you can merge them into a NG card. But what exactly should that card do? In my head (and Corey’s coding logic), the card is counted as either an N or a G. You can use it to play words like LAWN or GRADE.

But that’s not how playtester Budgie saw it:

i combined N and G into one tile and the game frequently (but not always) fails to recognize words using the new tile. For example, e(ng)ine and leavi(ng) weren’t recognized as words, but fa(ng)s was.

Budgie saw the merged card as being both NG, not either N or G. But that’s not how the game logic works. It was letting him play FAN, but not ENINE, EGINE, LEAVIN or LEAVIG. It was user error, not a game bug.

Here’s the thing: Budgie’s mistaken assumption was potentially better than reality. Corey and I both got excited. What if Corncrake created cards that were ALL the letters rather than ANY of the letters? We could even let it fuse together more letters:

Corncrake
Merge up to three selected cards

This would make certain strategies much more plausible, including these feathers:

Do-er +20 flaps if word ends in ER
Click +20 flaps per played “CK”
Birdigoing +30 flaps if word ends in ING

The problem is, that would create a new design challenge. The QXZ card means “any one of these letters.” Should a corncraked ING card mean “all these letters in this order” or “any one of these letters” depending on context? How do you make the distinction clear to the player?

After a lot of back and forth, Corey came up with four scenarios:

Option A:
unpublish Corncrake
don’t have ALL cards, only ANY
+ simplest to implement
– least fun

Option B:
make an ALL card type
make Corncrake create ALL cards instead of ANY
QXZ is the only ANY card and is visually distinct from ALL cards
+ fun new game mechanic
– potentially confusing to existing players
– a fair amount of work

Option C:
turn ANY cards into ALL cards
split our Gold QXZ into Diamond Q, Platinum X and Platinum Z
+ easy to understand
– Q, X and Z are harder to play
– makes lean decks riskier to play

Option D:
make merged cards valid as ALL or ANY
+ maximum flexibility for player
– confusing ambiguity
– extra game logic

As of this publication, we’re trying Option B. We will redesign the QXZ card to make it visually distinct from merged cards. We’ll play around with it internally before pushing it out to testers.


I’ve honestly loved iterating on Birdigo. Design dilemmas like this challenge your assumptions, and force you to look at problems from multiple perspectives. I’ve have similar experiences with Highland, Weekend Read and Writer Emergency Pack, all of which benefited from a team poking and prodding at every detail.

As a screenwriter who’s always dealing with narrative hypotheticals, it’s gratifying to be able to talk through a change, see it implemented, and quickly decide if it works.

When I’m pushing words around on a page, I’m mostly trying to make my inner critic happy, because the feedback loop with executives, producers and directors is so much slower. Collaborative projects like Birdigo require consensus and compromise, disagreement and discovery. I love it.

Birdigo comes out July 30th!

July 9, 2025 Birdigo, Games, Projects

Birdigo, the fun word game I made with Corey Martin, comes out on Steam on July 30th. (That’s a Wednesday.)

Here’s a brand new trailer:

Birdigo began with a mention on Scriptnotes that I was looking for a developer to collaborate with on a new videogame. Corey wrote in; we zoomed; we had a demo up on Steam just a few months later. (Weirdly, we’ve never met in person.)

I’m incredibly proud of this game. It’s been a damn delight to make and play. We’ve gotten great response from reviewers, many focusing on Birdigo’s chill-but-challenging vibe.

Birdigo is a rare thing: a word game that’s both meditative and meaningfully strategic. It has the cosy vibe of a puzzler, the satisfying depth of a deckbuilder, and it’s all wrapped in a charming, low-poly aesthetic.

If you’re reading this blog, you’ll probably dig it. Make sure to wishlist it today!

How to sell Big Fish

October 9, 2024 Big Fish, Projects

This afternoon, I came across the letter I wrote in 1998 trying to convince Columbia Pictures to option the rights to Daniel Wallace’s novel Big Fish for me to adapt.

It’s strange seeing this letter now. In it, I describe the very broad shape of the movie, but at the time I didn’t know so many of the details. Crucial elements like the circus, the war, Josephine, Norther Winslow — none of these existed in the book, and I had at most a vague sense of what I wanted to do.

At the time, there were no producers involved, and no director. It was just me and the studio.

The truth is, this letter probably didn’t convince anyone. Columbia wanted me under contract so they could have me work on other more-commercial movies. But it served an important role in convincing myself that there really was a movie to make out of Wallace’s weird and delightful little book.


To: Readers of Daniel Wallace’s BIG FISH

From: John August

Date: 9/14/98

RE: This book

I come to you with an unfair advantage: I read BIG FISH a few weeks ago, whereas many of you probably only read it last night or this morning. Trust me — it’s the kind of book that sticks with you and gets better as you think back through it. But since you probably don’t have the luxury of weeks to mull it over, I wanted to tell you why I liked this book so much when I first read it, and like it even more as I look back.

If you’re reading coverage of this book, the logline probably includes the words dying father and humorous anecdotes, which sounds suspiciously like the TV Guide listing for a Hallmark Hall of Fame movie that would be nominated for an Emmy, even though nobody you know actually saw it. The problem with that logline is that while it’s technically correct, it’s absolutely wrong.

BIG FISH is the story of Edward Bloom, a charming pain in the ass, as told by his immensely frustrated son William, who in the absence of any concrete history, can only tell us the wild exaggerations his father has been shoving upon him his entire life.

Edward Bloom feeds his son the kinds of stories you tell a wide-eyed five-year old — how you used to walk to school five miles, uphill each way. But now his son is in his 30’s, and Bloom never stopped telling these stories. Rather, he kept embellishing them, until they became a second life of sorts — perhaps the one he secretly wished he had lived. We pick up the tale as the elder Bloom lies on his deathbed, but the question of the story is not “will he die?” but “will he finally drop the facade?”

At this point, I have to digress and tell an anecdote from my life. (This is the kind of book that inevitably makes you want to talk about your own life; it stirs up strange recollections.)

On a dark rainy night in production on GO, I was sent off to set up a second-unit shot with a talented young actor who is, moment for moment, one of the funniest people I’ve ever met. ((Jay Mohr.)) The problem is, he doesn’t shut up. It’s as if every sensory input is channeled through a part of his brain that seeks humorous output. This life-as-Groundlings-sketch is charming at three in the afternoon, but at three in the morning, when you’re cold and exhausted and first unit has the lens you really really need, you find yourself searching for the switch that turns him off. Would you please just stop being funny so we can do this fucking shot?

In BIG FISH, William has the same frustration with his father: Would he please, just for once, not make a joke of all this?

Even as Edward Bloom amuses us, we can understand why William is annoyed. And honestly, if we had to spend an entire movie with this old man, we might get sick of him too. But the special treat of this movie is that you spend most of it with Bloom as a young man, tracking his life from impossible story to impossible story. He’s a modern-day Paul Bunyan, funnier for the inconsistencies in his tales.

If it sounds like I’m downplaying the dramatic elements, I’m not. Like FORREST GUMP or ORDINARY PEOPLE, there’s honest emotion at its core, and a movie shouldn’t shy away from that. I lost my own father at 21, and can remember sharply the months of walking on eggshells, and the weird power dynamics of a household built on maintaining tranquility at any cost. ((I was 28 when I wrote this. I made Will my age and Edward my father’s age so I could keep track of the timelines.))

Because even as they’re fading, people can piss you off. Just because you’re dying doesn’t give you an excuse to be an asshole.

While Edward spends his life trying to convince his son what a great man he is, William just wants to see a glimpse of the real man behind the bravado. In the end, neither wins, but there’s a more fundamental truth to be learned: even if you never really understand a man, that doesn’t keep you from appreciating him. ((This thesis gets restated different ways in the movie, including “My father and I were strangers who knew each other very well.” and “You become what you always were: a very big fish.”))

Now that I’ve rhapsodized about the book’s many virtues, let me note that it isn’t perfect. The individual anecdotes don’t always thread together especially well, and need to be more consistently (a) funny and (b) relevant. Properly told, we should see the reality behind the wild exaggerations. Even though we see the “myth” of Bloom’s life, there’s truth in the lies.

I’m not crazy about the ending; magical realism is a tough sell, and almost always feels like a cheat. But I think we can have it both ways. My instinct is to let Bloom die the way actual people die — quiet and peacefully — then show his death the way he would want us to believe: a funny, cataclysmic event that burns down half the town and coincidentally resolves many of the loose threads from his various stories.

I hope these ramblings give you a forecast of what you might be thinking about this book a week or two from now. Likely you’ll have your own anecdotes, because Wallace has the weird ability to feel universal and highly specific, as if he stumbled across some secret trove of shared histories.

What to do about fake scripts

February 23, 2022 Aladdin, Projects, Rights and Copyright

A listener pointed me to [this listing](https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/aladdin-meredith-day/1137444316?ean=9798671075434) on Barnes & Noble for “Aladdin: Screenplay” by Meredith Day. The listener writes:

> This is clearly a bootleg, and the Kindle preview shows it’s just a movie transcript without any proper formatting. You don’t even get credit as a screenwriter in the book.

On Amazon you can find [dozens of books by Meredith Day](https://www.amazon.com/Meredith-Day/e/B000APLY0K/ref=dp_byline_cont_pop_ebooks_1), all of them “screenplays.” But they’re not actual screenplays. At most they’re transcripts, perhaps pulled from the closed captioning.

aladdin transcript page

The text isn’t the only thing that looks to be yoinked without permission. The cover artwork shows up in the [Artstation portfolio](https://www.artstation.com/artwork/v1wYz3) of Vietnamese artist Khánh Khánh as “Aladdin 2019 Fanart.”

The listener asks:

> I was wondering if you ever do anything to legally take these down? Have you ever considered official publications of your previous screenplays besides just the digital releases in your library?

Let’s take a moment to look at the copyright issues here.

Aladdin — both the character and the basic story elements — are wholly in the public domain. Everyone has the right to retell the story of the kid, the lamp and the genie.

*Disney’s Aladdin,* including its songs and dialogue, are property of the Mouse House. This book isn’t the public domain version of Aladdin; it’s a transcript of the film. It’s hard to imagine it passing any of the [standards of fair use](https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/more-info.html), as it’s a commerical endeavor that uses the work in whole without commentary or transformation.

What’s more, it invites confusion about whether it’s an authorized product. To my knowledge, Disney hasn’t published the screenplay anywhere, but they have put out a [well-reviewed novelization](https://amzn.to/33KepeA).

As one of the credited writers of Aladdin, I considered filling out Amazon’s “Report Infringement” form, but Disney is the more properly aggrieved party here. It’s their call. ((Because the 2019 Aladdin is based on Disney’s IP, I don’t control any of the separated rights, including publishing a book of the script.))

As frustrating as it is to think of someone profiting off this hacky transcript, I honestly don’t think they’re profiting that much. A quick Google search will find you the same text for free. The best case for taking these fake scripts off Amazon and Barnes & Noble is that they’re terrible and certain to disappoint anyone who purchases them.

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