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Scriptnotes, Episode 559: Dating Your Writing Partner, Transcript

August 9, 2022 Scriptnotes Transcript

The original post for this episode can be found [here](https://johnaugust.com/2022/dating-your-writing-partner).

**John August:** Hello and welcome. My name is John August.

**Craig Mazin:** My name’s Craig Mazin.

**John:** This is Episode 559 of Scriptnotes, a podcast about screenwriting and things that are interesting to screenwriters.

Today on the show, we will ask the eternal and perhaps most important question, How Would This Be a Movie? We’ll look at stories in the news and from history and discuss how to move from facts to film.

We’ll also answer a bunch of listener questions, because that’s another thing we do on podcasts quite frequently.

**Craig:** Yeah, and for good reason. People are curious.

**John:** They are. For a Bonus Segment for Premium Members, Craig, we have to figure this out live because we did not discuss this ahead of time. Some possibilities here. We have one additional story we can talk about, which is about live action role-playing in Poland. We could talk about retirement. We can talk about fandom, perhaps that new Zack Snyder article. What do you want to talk about for the Bonus Segment?

**Craig:** How about we don’t talk about the Zack Snyder thing? How about we just live our best lives?

**John:** I was going to say we could put that in the Bonus Segment so it’s all behind a paywall.

**Craig:** Eh.

**John:** Nothing’s really ever safe, is it?

**Craig:** No. I’m okay not going near that. I’m cool.

**John:** You know what we could talk about, and this is a thing we talked about just before we started recording, is how do you keep track of all the people you meet?

**Craig:** That’s a great question.

**John:** I’m dealing with it now. You’re dealing with it now. Best practices we’ve learned so far for keeping track of people involved on a project.

**Craig:** I think that’s a great idea, because ideally, we are talking to a lot of people who not only want to sell some work or be hired to write things, but want to be in production. When you get into production, or even if you just get into a writers’ room, there’s a lot of people.

**John:** A preview of what I want to talk with you about is really showing up on a set that first day, and there’s like 50 people, and you’re like, “Oh my god, I’m never going to remember everybody’s names.” We’ll figure that out.

**Craig:** Exactly. You won’t. That’s the big secret. We’re going to get into tips and tricks on how to remember as many as possible.

**John:** We’re going to start off this episode on a down note. Eric Webb. If you’ve ever come to a Scriptnotes live show over the past 10 years, you probably saw Eric Webb, and hopefully got a chance to talk with him. He was a jolly guy, a bigger fella, always wore I guess you call it a pageboy hat.

**Craig:** It was a cabby hat or a newsboy hat kind of thing. That sort of thing.

**John:** Big round face, always smiling. A really great guy. We learned this last week that he passed away actually in June. He was great. I’m so sorry that I’ll never get to see him at one of our live shows again.

**Craig:** He was a lovely, sweet man. We’ve talked on the show before about… Megana introduced us to the concept of parasocial relationships. Back when we would have live shows, and I would imagine perhaps we will be there again soon, you would see some people over and over, and some for better, some for worse. Eric was such a sweetheart and just a lovely guy. It’s sad. I think he would’ve gotten a kick out of us talking about him this much on the show. I think he would’ve enjoyed that. Adieu and RIP to Eric Webb.

**John:** Absolutely. I want to send our sympathies along to his family and his fiance. To get on to the main meat of the show, I thought we might mix it up and actually start with listener questions before we get to the How Would This Be a Movies, because we got some good listener questions here. Megana, would you start us off?

**Megana Rao:** Dangerous wrote in and asked, “On a recent episode, you discuss breaking up with a writing partner, a friend one. My question is, should you date a writing partner? My writing partner and I have sold features and pilots together and have been a team in rooms. He’s a great friend. The problem is I’m married, but things with my husband are in a really rocky place and have been for months. Now my writing partner swoops in to tell me that he’s in love with me and thinks we should give it a shot. He listed coupled/married writing teams as an example of how we can make it work. We could be writing partners and romantic partners. WTF? We have a great thing going as this productive, work-focused team. I really don’t want to lose that. I’ve seen firsthand what can happen to a close relationship and how it can become petty and bickery and horrible. Hello, my marriage. But would it be amazing? Have you guys ever seen it work out? If you were staffing for a room, would you ever staff a couple, or would you run from the drama that could ensue?”

**Craig:** Oh, my.

**John:** This could be a whole episode by itself. I could think of several writing partners that became couples and are still in very happy marriages. Josh Goldsmith and Cathy Yuspa are friends of mine who’ve done that and have had a very successful career and marriage and family, which is terrific and fantastic. I also know writing teams that have broken up when romance entered, or they got married and they split apart. That also happens as well. I think no matter what Dangerous decides to do here, something is going to change, because she’s going to have to talk with this partner, talk with the husband about what it is she actually wants in life. Craig, what’s your first instinct here?

**Craig:** I agree with you on the factual basis. There are lots of married couples that write together.

**John:** The Wimberlys.

**Craig:** I myself am so thrilled that I don’t have that, that my life partner and wife partner does not write with me. I think that would be a disaster. It depends on the people. It depends on the couple. Would it be amazing? That’s the question that’s most concerning to me, because you’re in a rocky place with your husband. I don’t know if it’s going to make it. I don’t know if you guys are going to get divorced. When people are in rocky places, they are rocky inside. When people are rocky inside, that’s when stuff happens. You are vulnerable. You are probably feeling quite a lot of things all at once. Your writing partner clearly is feeling a lot. You are looking perhaps to go from a boat that’s sinking to a boat that looks fresh and shiny and new. That doesn’t mean you’re going to like that boat that much in a month or a year. It doesn’t mean the boat won’t sink. I think probably most people would caution you about getting into a new relationship while your current relationship is unraveling, especially if it might re-ravel, but even if it doesn’t.

You have a productive writing partnership. I got to be honest. I think this dude has thrown a rock into that pond. It is no longer the same pond. When you ask, “Would it be amazing?” you should know the answer to that. I’m worried that you’re grasping, Dangerous. It feels like you’re grasping. You’re grasping in hope, like hey, maybe this is the answer to the things that are making me sad or miserable. It might, but I wouldn’t make that change now. I think if there’s any way you could pause on that and punt it down the line a bit, that would be great, but probably your writing partner has made that impossible. I don’t know what’s going to happen here, but I am concerned that, much like a narrative, your writing partner has introduced an inciting incident, and now the narrative must proceed to a conclusion.

**John:** Inciting incident feels right because this does seem like a plot. It seems like a romantic comedy plot or some other kind of drama plot. You are now the protagonist who has to make a difficult choice within this. You have to have two conversations. You have to have a conversation with the husband where things are not going very well and figure out what’s not going very well. Is there counseling or something else that can get you to a better place? Because you did once love this person and things were once good. Is the problem related to the writing partner? Is it related to some other things? Does your husband sense that there’s another man encroaching there? Possibly. Figure out what that is. That is a conversation that needs to happen.

Obviously, you have to have a conversation with this writing partner to acknowledge his feelings. I would say don’t commit to any next step with him on that romantic pathway. Just say, “Listen, you’re going to figure out your own stuff.” You hear this, but you’re not willing to pursue anything with him at this moment, because I agree with you, it seems so tempting to just like, this isn’t working, so I’ll jump over to this safe place with a guy who I get along with, who we seem to have good chemistry. That’s not going to ultimately solve having this problem.

**Craig:** Any time someone says, “Maybe that’ll make me happy,” all of the hackles rise. Where are your hackles, by the way?

**John:** I think my hackles are down my back, but I’m not really sure. Where do you think your hackles are?

**Craig:** I thought maybe the back of the neck.

**John:** I was thinking neck down to mid-spine. That feels like where my hackles are. If you see some dogs when they get angry, it puffs up there. That feels like hackles.

**Craig:** I’m looking at it now. Indeed, hackles are the erectile hairs along the back of a dog or other animal that rise when it is angry or alarmed, although you can also get hackles on the neck or saddle of a domestic rooster or other bird. I think probably the other one. We were right. It’s the back of your, if we were dogs, what would be our necks and backs.

**John:** Hackles feels like it’s a defensive, it’s a postural, it’s a sense of aggression. Hackles are not nervousness. It’s something like ah. I’m going to be itching to fight.

**Craig:** Dangerous was probably really into this until we started going off on some etymological discussion of animals, and then she was like, “Wow.”

**John:** “This is not helpful for me at all.” Let’s get back to her actually question. “If you were staffing a room, would you ever staff a couple, or would you run from the drama that could ensue?” I would absolutely staff a couple if I felt like they were the right people for the room, had a good vibe for it, they seem like good writers, they seem like they have something really cool to bring to it. I’m not going to discriminate against a married couple.

**Craig:** No, certainly not. When you hire a writing team, you’re hiring a couple. There’s drama that can ensue with any partnership, whether it’s a romantic and professional partnership or just a professional partnership. Also, I think there’s honestly drama that’s going to happen regardless between everyone, because drama people are dramatic. I’ve talked to enough people who run rooms and have heard enough stories. There is a certain aspect to it that is the proverbial herding of cats, dramatic cats that sometimes love each other, sometimes hate each other. They feel very strong feelings that come and go. There’s collisions of cultures and work styles. There’s always drama. Frankly, a nice, stable married couple, if they had been married for 15 years, that sounds like a dream, honestly. They won’t be dramatic. They’re just going to sit there and do their work.

**John:** The last thing I want to point out about this question, this thesis put out here by Dangerous is I don’t see anywhere where Dangerous says that she’s attracted to this writing partner, that she feels a spark there, other than that she feels like she can trust him. Is their chemistry really there? That’s a question worth asking, because if he’s a nice guy, but he’s not a person you would date otherwise, that’s not going to be a match.

**Craig:** I noticed this too. That’s why I really zeroed in. Her question, “Would it be amazing?” You should know that already. I love that the writing partner did make a case though. “He listed coupled and married writing teams as an example of how we can make it work.” This is a very debate style wooing.

**John:** 100%, like, “Let me list the three things.” If it was a PowerPoint presentation, then I’m completely sold on the writing partner. Megana, I’m honestly curious your perspective on this, because you are probably encountering some of these situations in your own life or friends who are going through this kind of thing where romance and writing partnerships are entangled. What is your instinct, if this were a friend who was coming to you?

**Megana:** I’m just trying to think, because my instinct is to not pursue at all, but I also really empathize, because I think finding someone that you have chemistry with is rare and special and wonderful, but it sounds so messy. As Craig said, dramatic people are dramatic, and this just feels like so many chaotic red flags to me that I just want to send this woman on a yoga retreat somewhere.

**John:** I respect that very much. I think we’re all in agreement that she needs to focus on what she wants first, rather than going to jumping into this new relationship. Work on herself.

**Megana:** It’s that thing you guys always talk about when people give you notes or stuff. If you are writing to the negative, that is a much less helpful note than writing toward something positive.

**Craig:** That’s a great point that works here as well. It sounds like she’s running from something, not necessarily toward something. I’ll tell you what, Dangerous. Obviously, we are therapists. We’re just not licensed or educated. Of course, we’re fake therapists. We’re also fake lawyers, people know that about us, and fake doctors. Let us know, let our fake selves know, how this all turned out. It doesn’t have to be next week. Take a few months. Take a year. Let us know how it worked out, because there’s a world where you and this writing partner end up having the most incredible life together. There’s also a world where you blow it all up, where you blow everything up and you’re left in the rubble. I’m excited. You have begun a movie, and we need to know how it ends.

**John:** Absolutely. The inciting incident happened, and now we need to know where the story goes.

**Megana:** It seems like there’s two options, but I do just want to remind her that there’s option three, which is none of the above.

**John:** 100%.

**Craig:** Girl. I love it. She ends up with a totally different person or solo permanently.

**John:** Also valid.

**Craig:** We’ll see what happens.

**John:** Let’s do something that’s actually a little bit more screenwriter-focused. Can we get another question, Megana?

**Megana:** Yes. Peter from Berlin asks, “I recently relistened to Episode 152 where you talk about the importance of tone in screenplays, and it made me wonder about something. We all know movies that have fallen apart in development because key people had competing creative visions that were at odds with each other. In that regard, how important do you think the voice or tone of a script is in aligning those different visions? Do you feel a script with a clear, strong voice is more resilient against directors, producers, actors, other writers, etc who try to introduce new elements that are tonally incongruent with the rest of the story?”

**John:** I have a strong answer. I’m curious what Craig’s answer is. I think tone and voice are incredibly important to attract people to a thing, but once the trains start moving, tone and voice will not be any defense against the whims of the people involved.

**Craig:** That’s right. There’s no bulwark, there’s no great wall you can build of tone. The whole point of other people coming in is usually to adjust the tone to some extent. What will happen is you may get a call and say, “Okay, I need you to come in and just make these scenes better.” In that case, you often stay within the tone. You’re just trying to give the scenes more structure and more interest. You’re trying to make them more clever. You’re just trying to make the writing better, literally the dialog, that it should be more poetic and more captivating. A lot of times when things are in trouble, what they’re saying is this is too cheesy, it’s too funny, it’s not funny enough, it’s too broad, it’s too subtle, we need it to appeal more to families, we need it to appeal more to women, we need it to appeal more to blank blank blank. Then your job is to adjust things that always go to tone. Development hell has many different kinds of fire, but the fire of destroyed tone is a hot one that burns bright.

**John:** In my experience as a screenwriter, never has a studio executive or producer said, “No, we can’t touch that, because the script is perfect.” No one has ever [inaudible 00:16:27] the A-list talent and said, “No no, you can’t change that. The script is perfect as it is. This has a strong voice. We cannot change that.” No, they will change the thing, because they’re trying to make the movie. They’re not trying to make the script. They’re doing whatever they need to do in order to make the movie happen. That could be changing fundamental things in the script or changing tonal things or adding a scene that maybe doesn’t really need to be there or making a character shift.

Also, the fact that you have to cast people in those roles changes those roles. Sometimes you’re adjusting things because what worked on the page for one theoretical actor doesn’t work with the actual actor who was cast in that role. It’s hard to both say… Tone and voice are so crucial. They absolutely are. At a certain point in production, they become much less important, much more about how we’re going to get this movie to actually happen.

**Craig:** It’s why there are a lot of questionable films.

**John:** Another question, Megana.

**Megana:** Learning to Treat Yourself writes, “How do you celebrate or reward yourself for finishing a first draft? I’ve recently finished writing the first draft of my first feature film. I enjoyed the process, but by the end, I didn’t make much of it. I took a week off before working on the second draft. I think it’d be nice to celebrate a project getting through a certain stage, and would love to hear what other writers do, if anything.”

**Craig:** That’s a really interesting question. I have a terrible answer. You probably have a great answer.

**John:** I have a terrible answer.

**Craig:** Oh, no.

**John:** You go with yours first, because mine’s not going to be better. I promise.

**Craig:** I don’t do anything.

**Megana:** Aw.

**Craig:** I do nothing. I do nothing. You know what I do? I worry that maybe it’s not good enough. Also, finishing, what a lie. I think actually I tend to get slightly down when I finish things. There’s a postpartum period there where I don’t feel very good. I’ve always envied people who go on Twitter and they’re like, “First draft done, the end,” going out with friends, getting drunk, doing this, having fun, “Treating myself to a day at the spa,” blah blah blah. I’m just like, “I deserve nothing. I deserve nothing.” You can’t have a worse answer than that. There’s no way.

**John:** Panda Express.

**Craig:** Oh, shit.

**John:** That was my treat for finishing a draft as a young guy with a studio apartment and no bed. When I would finish a draft, I would treat myself to Panda Express, the two items plus egg rolls if I had actually finished a draft. It’s generally a Friday treat. This is me driving out to Century City shopping mall, going to Panda Express there and getting that. That was like $11 to spend on a lunch, which was a lot. That was treating myself for having done the work.

**Craig:** When you went to Panda Express, what did you get? Two items is not clear enough. I need more information.

**John:** I’m sorry. I would get half white rice, half chow mein. That’s the base. I would get Buddha’s Delight, which is the tofu thing, and then mixed vegetables, because at that point I was a vegetarian.

**Craig:** Wow. Wow. I am disgusted. Look, here’s the thing. In my mind, that is more self-abusive than what I did, because you went to Panda Express, which the whole point of it is orange chicken, and then you got the two healthiest things there were there. You just didn’t do it. You went there. You were like, “I know what I’m going to do. I’m going to go to a sex club. I’m going to go to an orgy, but I’m just going to stay in the vestibule where you just check in. I’ll check in. I’ll read the rules. I’ll give them my credit card.”

**John:** “I’m going to make sure everyone’s coats are well taken care of.”

**Craig:** “I’m going to think about going in there, and then I’m going to leave.” I’m outraged.

**John:** Sometimes I would also like to see an afternoon movie, which also feels like cheating, to see a movie in the afternoon.

**Craig:** Megana, save us, please, for the love of god. Please tell me you do something that’s good.

**Megana:** I just ran into this this last week. I like to get an ice cream cone.

**Craig:** There you go.

**Megana:** I realize that I go before I finish the draft.

**Craig:** That’s just called eating ice cream.

**John:** It’s a pre-warning.

**Craig:** That’s just called depression.

**Megana:** I had two scenes left to write. I was like, “How am I going to do this if I don’t have energy? I need the ice cream now.”

**Craig:** You’re not using it as a reward, but really more of a motivation.

**Megana:** Yeah, but then after I finished, I felt so proud. I was like, “I need to celebrate.” I was like, “Do I go back to Salt and Straw?” Then I was like, “No, you’ve don’t his wrong, Megana.”

**Craig:** I see. You didn’t go for the second ice cream.

**Megana:** I didn’t.

**Craig:** I’d like to point out that what you didn’t go is go to Salt and Straw and ask for a cup and a spoon and no ice cream, which would be the John August method.

**Megana:** If I asked for some sort of sorbet, that feels like the equivalent of Buddha’s Delight.

**Craig:** “I got the nondairy whipped air.”

**John:** It’s delicious. Delicious whipped air.

**Craig:** “With natural orange essence in it.”

**John:** This actually came up a few weeks ago. I set up a project that’s not been announced yet. Megana did point out, “Wait, are you going to do nothing to celebrate?” I was like, “I don’t know. I guess I’m not.” It really was that the deal finally closed. That’s one of the things too about our business. It’s not like you win the lottery, and so they’re like, “Oh, you won the lottery.” It’s like, “Oh, they’re going to buy this thing.” It’s like, “Okay.” Then take nine weeks to make the actual deal. The deal finally closed. I was like, “I could go out and celebrate that the deal closed.” I was just like, “I got other stuff to do.”

**Craig:** You’ve had too many deals that closed. That’s the problem.

**John:** That’s what it is. It’s all the success. Success [inaudible 00:22:01].

**Craig:** It’s actually quite a bummer. We’re now going to wander into annoying successful guy chat, so everybody just-

**John:** Please.

**Craig:** … close your ears for a second. When I was young, back in the day, John, you remember that Variety was a physical publication.

**John:** Love it.

**Craig:** There was a website called variety.com. When you would have something happen, there would be a usually very tiny blurb in Variety that said so. I would buy the Variety, which cost like a hundred dollars a copy then, so stupid, and then cut it out and frame it, because I didn’t know if it would last. Now my goal in life is to not be mentioned in Deadline, ever. That’s my goal. There is a joy in the early celebration. Now John, congratulations on whatever this is. I assume you’re going to… You did announce it. You just announced it.

**John:** Yeah, but I’m not going to announce what it actually is. I announced a thing that is potentially happening, but the actual announcement is being saved for some future time, for reasons outside of my control, which is great, I’m delighted about.

**Craig:** We will wait patiently.

**John:** Anticipation.

**Craig:** Anticipation.

**John:** Let’s do one more question before we get to our How Would This Be a Movies.

**Megana:** Max from LA asks, “My question relates to character chemistry and connection. A note I often receive is that the chemistry between two characters who are love interests is, quote, ‘not on the page.’ The characters have banter, incidental physical interactions. Maybe they tease each other. Once actors are involved, I think their connection will come through. How do you put this more on the page? Are there certain types of interactions that show a connection between characters, that set up the will they, won’t they dynamic? Other ideas I lean into are things like remembering details about the other person, going out of the way to do something the other person would appreciate, or causing that person to laugh. What other tools do you use to show the reader that people are falling for each other?”

**John:** That was a nice question. My instinct here is that folks who are reading Max’s screenplay, they’re not seeing the whole movie, because if they actually saw the scenes as filmed, we’d see those little interactions between people, like the glance that they don’t really notice the other person is there. These are little, small moments. I think Max may not be putting those literally on the page. He may not be scripting those of those moments in, so they could be bantery dialog. We’re not seeing the small, little moments in the scene description that are really showing there’s a growing connection and chemistry here, even if the characters themselves are not aware of it.

**Craig:** There are things you can do that are simple. For instance, in action description, you can describe things that you want there to be, them getting closer, then someone touches an arm. Also, part of writing is writing scenarios and situations where we go, “Oh my god, they’re into each other.” That’s not really anything to teach. I will say, Max, that the things that you’re listing are romantic, but they’re not hot. Do you know what I mean? Remembering details about the other person, it’s all a bit sappy, but it’s not hot. It’s called chemistry for a reason, because we can’t see it. It feels hormonal and pheromonal and in the air. The two people that have it are living in their own weird bubble. You have to create situations where we can be part of that bubble like a little fly on the bubble wall.

**John:** Here’s a good exercise for Max to try is to take a look at some scenes or movies where characters have real chemistry, like body heat or some other-

**Craig:** Out of Sight.

**John:** Out of Sight, fantastic. Looking through those scenes, and don’t look at the script, just look at the scenes, and then figure out how would you script those scenes that you just watched. How would you call out the things that are happening in there that let us know on the page this is what’s happening between those characters? That may be a good exercise for you and just give you some hints for what’s going to actually be helpful to be thinking about script-wise for showing that chemistry.

**Craig:** Sounds good to me.

**John:** Cool. Let’s get to our marquee topic here, this How Would This Be a Movie, where we take a look at stories that are in the news, stories from history that our listeners have suggested to us, saying these could be filmed entertainment, either a mini series or a live-action feature or an animated feature. We got a bunch of suggestions that came in. Thank you to everybody who sent those in. So many people suggested the backstage drama at Funny Girl.

**Craig:** You know what? I’m so proud of our listenership for being into that story, a very Broadway story.

**John:** It’s a very Broadway story. Are there any heroes in this story? I’m not sure there are.

**Craig:** No.

**John:** It’s Broadway.

**Craig:** It’s Broadway.

**John:** It’s Broadway.

**Craig:** It’s Broadway.

**John:** Broadway. It’s a warm hug and long knives. That’s Broadway.

**Craig:** That’s Broadway.

**John:** People are also talking about the January 6th hearings. No, that’s not a movie. That’s not a movie.

**Craig:** That’s not a movie. Just refer back to All the President’s Men. That’s the movie version of something like that. The hearings are a part of the plot, but they are not the plot. The plot is investigation and intrigue and risk and exposure.

**John:** First story suggestion was by Kay McCue sent this in. This was Phil Hoad writing for The Guardian about the mystery of the buried owl. I liked this one. I Googled and Googled, but I could not find it. I think we talked about a similar kind of thing before where a person had buried a thing and hidden it, and there was a huge treasure hunt trying to figure out this thing. This is the French version of it, I guess.

**Craig:** There’s been a few of these. There’s one I know that was in the US that got solved. There was one that’s referenced in here, that involved I think it was a hare, H-A-R-E, that inspired this one. This one is the story of a French puzzle creator who buried a small bronze owl somewhere in France in April of 1993, and then he and another author put a book together that included I believe it’s 11 riddles. If you could solve the 11 riddles, which they list as, “A combination of fiendish linguistic games,” which I love, “cartographical ciphers,” interesting, “historical illusions and mathematical brain teasers,” then you would be able to find the small bronze owl sculpture. At that point you would win an identical sculpture made of actual stuff that’s worth, in today’s money, 150,000 US dollars. I know that because it says 150,000 Euros, and as of today…

**John:** Parity.

**Craig:** Parity.

**John:** There’s lots of angles into this. Obviously, you could imagine a bunch of different characters, a big ensemble movie with people trying to find this thing. It could be wacky and fun. You can imagine something about what’s really behind the secret of the owl, whether the whole thing was some sort of scam. The guy who created this whole thing and buried the owl has now died, and so there’s a whole controversy over the other author and should the person reveal the secret, is there actually an owl to be found. What’s your instinct, Craig, for a movie? Is it a movie or is it a multi-episode piece of entertainment?

**Craig:** I’m struggling for it to be either, and I’m the puzzle guy. I love puzzles. That’s the problem. The problem is puzzles are fun to solve. They’re not so much fun to watch other people solve, because inevitably what happens is you’re just waiting, and then someone goes, “Wait a second. Hold on.” You can do a few of those. The National Treasure movies were a string of those things. You could do a few of them in that regard. Note that with National Treasure, so much of it was about character, relationship, redemption, reclaiming your good name, plus villains and all that, and looking for something that was inherently important to our nation’s history. This is not. It’s arbitrary. A guy buried a thing and then said, “Try and find it.”

The other issue is this is not a good puzzle, because it hasn’t been solved. That’s my honest opinion. There was a very famous sculpture in front of the CIA that included a cipher that took many, many years to crack. I get that. That’s like, hey, you’re the CIA. This isn’t for entertainment. Let’s see which one of you is the best. This is for entertainment, and no one solved it in 30 years, which means it’s too damn hard. When somebody finally does, it’ll be like, okay, got it. Either when you’re watching the movie, you’re going to say, “I don’t know what any of these things mean,” and then someone will be like, “Wait, I know what it means,” and you’re like, “Okay, I guess the script told you that,” or it’ll be too easy. Then you’ll be like, “Why are they having a hard time figuring that out?” You’re just watching people walk around and digging. It’s a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World is a fun movie. You would have to invent so much that I don’t think you would need any of the details of this.

**John:** That’s what it really comes down to for me, because right now in the story, there are no stakes. There’s money, but that’s not really stakes. You’re going to have to create stakes for the characters. Why do they need to win this thing? What is it about them that either winning that money or the achievement of having solved this unsolvable riddle will change their life in a meaningful way? That really comes back to focusing on who are the characters we’re following. The article that we can read has some people in there who could be interesting characters, like a pregnant woman who was obsessed with it and couldn’t stop focusing on it, even though she was about to have a child. There could be some interesting characters that do that or someone who’s just ruining their life to do this thing could be meaningful.

Just last night we watched The Dawn Wall, which is this amazing rock climbing movie about this ascent on one of the most difficult El Capitan faces. It was a years-long quest of this guy to do this one thing. It was meaningful to him because of stakes that were clearly set up in the course of the film. Yes, you could maybe do this with this, but I don’t see why using the real story is going to be more helpful than creating your own quest here.

**Craig:** Put your finger on the possibility of a good documentary. That could be terrific, because then it is about the quirky, weird people who are trying to do this. It’s about their obsession and not at all about where the damn thing is. I could see that. Documentaries are really good at that sort of thing. I don’t see a fictionalized version of this being particularly captivating. I can certainly see a fictionalized story about a treasure hunt being interesting, but easier said than done.

**John:** Our next story is about Rodney Stotts. This is sent in by Jeff Myers. This story actually ran in The Washingtonian. It’s an excerpt from Rodney Stotts’s book. Basically, Rodney Stotts grew up in DC in the ’90s. He started selling drugs, needed a legitimate job to get a lease, and so he ended up working at this Earth Conservation Corps cleaning up this river and became really involved in preservation and conservation. He ultimately was sent to jail for a drug-related charge. When he got out, he wanted to become a falconer. The article goes into what falconry is and how you train to become a falconer. The details I thought were really cool, because you have to be an apprentice to an experienced falconer, and you have to catch your own bird. He seemed like a really fascinating character. Craig, is there a story here that could be a movie, a series? What did you think of the Rodney Stotts story?

**Craig:** It could be a movie. I think a robot could write that movie, because that movie is required to follow a very well-trodden path of inspirational story. He’s written his own story. The thing about individual inspirational stories is that they are inspirational. Once you get into movie-ville, you start to get into inspirational movie as opposed to inspirational person, which is different. You can just see how this movie goes. It would be not particularly satisfying. I would much rather again see a documentary about this. Also, falconry is not…

There was one thing that really made me lean forward, that I didn’t know, that I thought would be a great scene. That was to become one of these falconers, you need to trap a falcon or a hawk or something. Good luck. You drove around. On his days off, he drove around rural Virginia and Maryland, trying to trap a falcon. Then there was the day it happened. That was an exciting scene. I was really into that scene. Then he just did falcon stuff. He’s a great guy. He works in this really great program. He turned his life around. I think that’s lovely, but we’ve seen that movie. I just don’t know how to make it different.

**John:** We haven’t seen the exact details of this movie, but we know the shape of the movie-

**Craig:** We know the shape.

**John:** … and the classic thing of it. Thematically, there are some really nice things. You have a person who feels trapped, who was literally incarcerated, who then has to trap a bird. The bird adds a symbol of freedom and being able to fly free, but also rules and restrictions and navigating within the system. We have issues of racism and prejudice. Basically one of the only Black falconers out there. All those things are cool elements to a movie. I do worry that it can be too predictable. I’ve never seen falconry this way. I’ve never seen the relationship. I’ve seen so many men and dogs. I’ve never seen a man and the falcon. That could be cool.

**Craig:** There’s the great character on Saturday Night Live, the Falconer.

**John:** There’s the Falconer, yeah. Will Forte played him.

**Craig:** So good. The trick here is how to do this without… Honestly, it’s a movie. Yes, it’s a movie. You could write the movie. You could write it. I could write it. Anyone could write it, because you would just follow the paint by numbers method of how these movies go. Here’s the issue. I’m not really sure how to do it not paint by numbers. I don’t know what the other way is, because ultimately, there’s not a lot here beyond the inspirational story of a guy who used to sell drugs and went to prison and then came out and got into this other thing. You can write the scene where the racist falconers, which seems like it’s a redundant comment, because who else gets involved in falconry? Now I’m tarring all the falconers as racist. You can see a bunch of white men like, “What? You, falconry? Don’t be ridiculous.” I’m already tired of this movie, because I’ve seen it. I’ve seen that scene a billion times.

**John:** It’s a weird situation where the movie’s both obvious and incredibly execution-dependent, because to not be the obvious version of it, you need to have a really great execution. The one thing I think we’re missing here is, because this is told from his point of view, because he’s actually writing the article that we’re reading here, we don’t have an outside perspective on what’s interesting about him as a character. I don’t get a sense of what his voice is, how he carries himself. There could be other details that are really specific and interesting. I think back to King Richard. If you’d just told me the story of Venus and Serena Williams’s father and what he did, I’m like, “Great, that’s impressive that he did that,” but his actual background and his weird voice and his strange approach to things is what made the movie scene by scene interesting to me, rather than just being the paint by numbers story.

**Craig:** That’s a great point. We don’t necessarily know what Mr. Stotts sounds like. We know what he looks like. He’s very thin.

**John:** He’s got a great, great face.

**Craig:** He’s got a great face. He’s very thin. He’s got a falcon on his arm, which is cool. I love the way that he had his little falcon children and how one of them was his favorite. The details feel stock. That’s a weird thing to say about somebody’s life, because he’s lived it. Of course that’s why he has a book deal, because the details are… They fit into a certain kind of story that people do appreciate. I do think it can be a movie. The trick is can you make it better than what we think it’s going to be. You can. There are movies in this genre of inspirational stories, particularly when it comes to race in America, where they’re better than you think they’re going to be. Hidden Figures was better than I thought it was going to be, because it transcended its genre and was just really, really interesting and good. That’s what would need to happen here.

**John:** Agreed. In this case we are saying you do buy the book. This book is Bird Brother. It’s written by Rodney Stotts and Kate Pipkin. If you’re going to make this movie, you obviously buy this book, because that’s how you get entrée into his life, 100%.

**Craig:** For sure. You need all the notes. You need the life rights, so you can get more information and etc.

**John:** 100%. Our next story comes from Erin Brokovich. We know Erin Brokovich. She was the lawyer. She wasn’t at the start a lawyer, but she became a lawyer, who did all the things with the water pollution, that became the movie Erin Brokovich, written by Susannah Grant. This is a story that she wrote called “This lawyer should be world-famous for his battle with Chevron, but he’s in jail.” This was sent in by David McPherson. It ran in The Guardian. It tells the story of Steven Donziger. He’s an attorney who specializes in going after oil companies, most notably Chevron. He was able to win this giant $9.5 billion settlement against Chevron in Ecuador. Chevron turned around and sued him and basically got him disbarred and all sorts of bad things and put under house arrest. All sorts of bad things are happening to Steven Donziger over the course of this. I thought there was some really interesting stuff here. Craig, is this a movie? Is this a series? Where do you think this lives?

**Craig:** This was interesting. I think this could be a series. It could also be a movie a la The Insider. It was less this article that Erin Brokovich wrote that interested me as much as then just going, “Something’s not quite adding up.” Even if you postulate what I think is a fair postulate, that American oil companies are dreadful, Chevron seemed to be going completely ham on this guy. You’re like, “It can’t just be pure evil. There’s got to be something else going on.” Then you read a little further, and you’re like, “Steven Donziger may have actually done all those terrible things.” It doesn’t look good. It’s not clear, but it’s not good. Even his friends are like, “Eh… Steven, why?”

The thing is, it sounds like it could a really interesting limited series, where you start by going, what Erin Brokovich is saying, which I think is the blunt end of the tool, evil corporation goes after crusading humanitarian attorney. Then halfway in, you’re like, wait, humanitarian hero attorney may be a very bad guy or is doing very bad things, and maybe the oil company isn’t so evil. Then you come back around to everyone’s bad, and nobody really effectively represented the poor people who were suffering. That’s intrigue.

**John:** Absolutely. You and I don’t have enough background to really say the other side of this. We can only look at… I’ve read the Erin Brokovich thing and the Wikipedia article. Wikipedia should be kind of neutral on this. I agree with you, there’s something really fascinating, because it looks on the surface like, oh my god, this is Erin Brokovich, but what if they put Erin Brokovich in jail. Then clearly, there’s more stuff that’s happening behind the scenes here.

I think the real interesting thematic question I would want to dig into as the writer on this is to what degree is Donziger… If he does some of these things which are criminal, is he doing them for the greater good of the Ecuadorian people or to win the suit or for some other reason? To what degree is the ambition to win this potentially corrupting? Those are fascinating questions, which I think you could do as a movie, you could do as a limited series. Both could work. You could do it as Liz Meriwether did for The Dropout or you could do it for a two-hour movie. We’ve seen some really good versions of that story.

**Craig:** Of note, Erin Brokovich was not endlessly pursued by the corporation she was going up against and then thrown in prison, for good reason. She didn’t do any of the things that would normally have that happen. Look, she’s written a very one-sided point of view here. I hope no one takes this as me going, “Chevron’s nice.” They’re not. They’re terrible. They’re horrendous.

**John:** To stipulate, they clearly did bad things.

**Craig:** Of course. They’re Chevron.

**John:** They are Chevron. That’s right.

**Craig:** They’re doing bad things today. By literally existing, they’re bad. They did bad things, no question. The fervor with which they pursued this was not a mistake. I guess it was not random that there was something going on here which with the way this guy handled this what was… In reading more about Steven Donziger, it started to get shadier and shadier. That said, perhaps I’m just a victim of Chevron’s incredible PR machine. I don’t know.

**John:** Let’s talk about Chevron’s incredible PR machine and legal machine and why some outlets would think twice before publishing this story, because you don’t want to anger this company that obviously is incredibly litigious. Either as an independent producer or going to a streamer, you might have concerns going into this. Those concerns might be ameliorated by just doing very careful research and being able to document everything you’ve done. Obviously, you were able to do it for The Dropout and for other projects. I think it’s worth noting that some places are going to be very skittish about doing this just because of the size of the company involved.

**Craig:** Sure, but movies and television have gone after large corporations before. The Insider had no problem going after Philip Morris. I could certainly see a case where the studio might say, “Let’s not call them Chevron. Let’s call them OilCo.”

**John:** GasCo.

**Craig:** “Let’s change Steven Donziger’s name to something else.” I think the spiciness is the real people and the real company.

**John:** Agreed.

**Craig:** I think that movie companies and television networks have loads of attorneys who do nothing but deal with this sort of thing all the time. Part of it is making sure that when somebody writes the script or the limited series that everything is annotated and all the research and the claims and things are based on stuff that’s out there, at which point they really have no case. They can waste their time, and then the studios can waste theirs. They all own lawyers that can do this. I think if people really wanted to make it, I think actually they would get excited by the thought of the free publicity.

**John:** Absolutely. There’s a Streisand effect if they get sued over stuff.

**Craig:** If I were a lawyer at Chevron, I would say, “Let’s just not comment on this and hope that it just stinks and goes away,” because it sounds like a homework movie anyway.

**John:** In this case, you’re not buying Erin Brokovich’s article clearly here.

**Craig:** No.

**John:** I don’t think you’re buying anything.

**Craig:** No.

**John:** If there was an incredibly good book that had reporting about stuff that you just couldn’t find other places, that would be a compelling book to probably buy. Otherwise, I think you’re doing research and you’re making your movie.

**Craig:** Yeah, unless you really wanted to tell the story from Steven Donziger’s point of view, in which case you would go to him, get life rights, and deal with it from there. I think you would be opening yourself up to trouble.

**John:** I agree. This last one I think is just delightful, and I want to see this movie. I applaud the pluck of the people involved. This is a story suggested by Michael Weinreb. The article ran in the New York Times, written by Sameer Yasir. Here’s the lead. “There are floodlights, high-definition cameras, and umpires with walkie-talkies pinned to their shoulders. The cricket players wore colorful uniforms. The broadcast had the voices of recognized commentators and a logo of the globally recognized channel The BBC.”

This is a cricket match that is being televised, or people are watching it on YouTube. It’s in the Indian Cricket Premier League. Unfortunately, that league does not exist. They were trying to confuse people with the Indian Premier League, which is an incredibly successful league. Brought in $6.2 billion in broadcasting rights. Basically, these guys in India staged a series of fake cricket matches of Russian betters who thought they were betting on actual legit, big cricket matches, when they were not. They were betting on a bunch of farm boys playing in the field.

**Craig:** What a weird scam. I watched some of it on YouTube. It’s weird. I’m not sure how anyone got fooled. The crowd noise is absurdly fake, and they never show the crowd.

**John:** Let’s give a sample here of the crowd noise. Let’s play this here. I didn’t fade down the crowd noise. The crowd noise fades down every 30 seconds or so, because it’s just a sample of crowd noise. If you’re watching this thing, you should notice, hey, why did the crowd suddenly get quiet and then suddenly come back at full volume again?

**Craig:** Why is there one camera? Why is it so far away? Why do the cricket players seem so low-energy? It’s really remarkable that this fooled anyone. Then again, based on the money that there was, it wasn’t like it was a super successful scam either. They were I guess just really fooling the dumbest of Russian betters. It does imply you can absolutely be inspired by this to write what I think could be a very fun and again super paint by numbers comedy in the vein of Cool Runnings, where you have a group of guys in let’s call it rural or semi-rural India, who are down on their luck.

There’s a wonderful tradition of movies where a town loses a factory or tries to gain a factory, gung ho and so forth. The town is in trouble, and they need something. They come up with this scam. The scam doesn’t work very well at first. They find down on their luck former cricket players who were good or are good except they’re held back by something. Hello, Major League. Then they get together to do this, and suddenly it’s a big hit. They get good. They get challenged by somebody. Then the problem is if they rise to the challenge of actually playing for real, then the whole thing will be exposed and everybody will go down. What do you do? That movie again almost writes itself, and someone should make it.

**John:** I think Samuel Goldwyn or Gold Circle is the financier behind that. We see it. It’s delightful. It’s playing at the Sunset 5. It gets some buzz. I think there’s definitely a version you could make, with just an approximation of this story, shot in India or shot in a country that plays cricket, where you’re keeping the basic vibe there. I do wonder if there’s a version of this where you could move to the US or Mexico or someplace more domestic, where our heroes and some people we’re following are still trying to pull something over on the Russians, who I think are a great foil for this. They’re staging a sport to make it seem that it’s Major League Baseball or that it’s some sport that we are more familiar with than cricket, because one of the challenges of cricket is that you have to teach the audience everything about cricket. Maybe that’s part of the joy of the movie. I think using a sport that the US already knows could be helpful.

**Craig:** I can hear someone saying that, for sure. I’m sure somebody would. To me, the fun is the fact that I don’t know it. I didn’t know… What was it in Cool Runnings? Was it the toboggan? What the hell was it?

**John:** Yeah, bobsledding.

**Craig:** Bobsledding, luging. I didn’t know any of the rules, and so learning how it worked was part of the fun, that there was something exotic about the sport itself. Also, cricket is a massive and emerging sport, especially in Indian Pakistan. I don’t know. There’s a much larger audience for movies there than here.

**John:** It’s true.

**Craig:** This is something that I would think about wanting to do as a co-production with an Indian company probably, an Indian studio, and to release it as a film that’s largely international. I think it could catch on. It’s not expensive to make.

**John:** It’s not expensive to make.

**Craig:** I think it’s easy to make.

**John:** I think you make a very good point. All of the streamers have their own local language production kind of things too. Netflix India makes it, and it turns out great and it’s a big hit in Netflix India, but it also comes over to the rest of the world, just because Netflix is global. The right version of it can be a breakout hit.

**Craig:** I think everybody’s global at this point. Every streamer at this point has some ability to reach around the world. Maybe because it’s not inspirational, it’s just fun formula, I think this could be fun.

**John:** In this case, I don’t think there’s anything to buy. We don’t need this article. You just need a bunch of research on what happened there. You’re making up most of it anyway.

**Craig:** Exactly, you’re making most of it up. You would be inspired by this, but I don’t think you would need to buy anything.

**John:** Craig, in the history of How Would This Be a Movies, I think this was the most movies we’re actually going to probably get made out of here. At least we had the highest hit rate of things.

**Craig:** I think so too.

**John:** The buried owl I don’t think is happening.

**Craig:** No.

**John:** Absolutely valid to make a movie in this vein, but we don’t need to make this specific one.

**Craig:** Agreed.

**John:** Rodney Stotts, someone is going to buy the rights to that.

**Craig:** Someone’s going to buy the rights. I don’t know if it’ll ever turn into a movie.

**John:** The Steven Donziger Chevron movie or mini series.

**Craig:** If only because Erin Brokovich is the person that wrote it, it’s certainly going to get a lot of attention. Somebody will buy the story in one way or another for a limited series or a film.

**John:** Fake cricket, I think we both agree someone should do it.

**Craig:** Fake cricket, we’re just lobbing it out there to the world. Somebody should try that movie.

**John:** Here’s a free movie. Take it.

**Craig:** Here’s a free movie idea. Why don’t you go ahead and write it. Let’s see how much influence we have, John, because this is a little bit like when there was that massive blackout in New York in 1977, there was a baby boom that occurred about 10 months later. Let’s see if about 10 months from now, Hollywood is flooded with fake cricket scripts.

**John:** That’s what we want to see. It’s time for our One Cool Things. Listeners of the show know that Craig is an accomplished puzzler, solver. He is a screenwriter at times as well. He plays video games. What people probably don’t know is I think his true calling is to be the host master of ceremonies for games of Mafia. I’ve witnessed one of those. They are things of beauty. He’s really, really good.

If you don’t have Craig Mazin to do it, I would recommend you try out this game that we tried here in the office last week called Werewords. It’s the game Werewolf, which is of course a variation of Mafia, where you’re trying to figure out who is the werewolf among all the different players. It’s a social deception game. The clever thing they added to this game Werewords is that the mayor of the town is choosing one secret word shown on a phone. The mayor of the town and the werewolf and the seer all know what this word is, but the rest of the players have no idea what the word is. You’re trying to guess what the word is. It’s a 20 Questions-y kind of thing to guess this. The social deception aspect of it is really important, because you’re trying to not reveal how you got to what the secret word was. I thought it was just a very brilliantly designed game for a group of 5 to 10 people probably.

**Craig:** I love this game mechanic that one player knows who the werewolf is, or the word, sorry. One player knows the word. That player you’d think can just say it or just obviously guide the other players toward it. The problem is if the werewolf knows who that person is, then they win the game just by identifying them as the seer. That seer has to be-

**John:** Very careful.

**Craig:** … very careful and not obvious. They have to seem like not the seer while guiding people towards the thing that the seer knows. That’s very clever. That’s a smart idea.

**John:** Smart idea.

**Craig:** Werewords.

**John:** A good game. Inexpensive. For your next game, I recommend Werewords.

**Craig:** My One Cool Thing is a recipe. I made tiramisu for the first time.

**John:** Tell me, how’d it turn out?

**Craig:** Great.

**John:** I’m not surprised. Did you make your ladyfingers from scratch or did you [00:56:22]?

**Craig:** No, I don’t think any sane person would do that. Yes, maybe some people do it. That really is unnecessary. The reason it’s unnecessary is because the ladyfingers are going to be very quickly subsumed in some espresso and a little bit of rum, at which point it becomes semi-mushy. In fact, you have to work very quickly so it doesn’t fall apart in your hands. It’s no longer a crispy little biscuit. It’s something else. The one thing you don’t need to do, I think, is make your own ladyfingers. They’re available in packages at most stores. The New York Times has a recipe that worked gorgeously. It seemed like tiramisu would be super damn hard. It’s really not.

**John:** Basically it’s like a trifle essentially. Ladyfingers are soaked in stuff. Then is it whipped cream, or what’s the cream base of that?

**Craig:** There’s a little bit of a debate. There are two ingredients that everybody agrees need to be in there. Three, sorry. Sugar, of course. Egg yolks and mascarpone cheese.

**John:** That’s right.

**Craig:** Those things must be in there. Then the question is… Some people are egg whites, a meringuey kind of thing. Other people are a whipped cream kind of thingy. The New York Times went with a whipped cream kind of thingy, which is maybe less of a purist, purist method, but it sure tasted like regular and excellent tiramasu to me. You just do your layers. Honestly, it’s really easy. Then just shake a little cocoa powder on the top. Suddenly, you feel like you’ve made something that you’ve seen in a restaurant. The one bit of advice I will give people, if they do make this recipe… In the recipe they have you mixing the mascarpone cheese into the whipped cream, which a lot of commenters mentioned was a disaster.

**John:** The textures are too different.

**Craig:** It basically broke the whipped cream. Commenters suggested strongly that you whip the mascarpone into the egg yolks and sugar, which worked great. That’s what I did. It did end fact work great, because then you end up combining it all together anyway. I will throw a link on there to the New York Times recipe for tiramasu. Way easier than they think. The one thing to keep in mind is that you do want to make this at least 24 hours ahead.

**John:** It’s one of those sit in your refrigerator, congeal kind of things.

**Craig:** Sit in the fridge and have the flavors combine. That’s the big deal.

**John:** I have to say, the New York Times recipe section and the recipe box and how they do stuff, they’re really good. They’re well-designed recipes. I’ve enjoyed most of the things I’ve tried making out of the New York Times.

**Craig:** They are good. They are nice enough to allow comments. You can read through the comments. Invariably, a few people will trial and error their way to something better.

**John:** I love the comments that are just like, “Can I make this with shortbread? Can I make this tiramasu with Oreos and cottage cheese?”

**Craig:** No.

**John:** “Will that work?”

**Craig:** There are always people who are like, “I tried it and it didn’t work. I followed the recipe. The only thing I did was instead of using egg yolks, I used ham.” You’re like, “Idiot. Of course it didn’t work.” The vast majority of people seemed to enjoy it when they made it. Like I said, to me, if you can find a recipe that is easy and awesome, go for it.

**John:** Go for it. Love it. That is our show, which was easy and delicious.

**Craig:** It was easy and delicious.

**John:** This was the tiramisu of episodes for us today. It was produced by Megana Rao, edited by Matthew Chilelli. Our outro this week is by Owen Danoff. If you have an outro, you can send us a link to ask@johnaugust.com. That is also the place where you can send longer questions. For short questions on Twitter, Craig is @clmazin, I’m @johnaugust. You could find the show notes for this episode and all episodes at johnaugust.com. That’s also where you’ll find transcripts and sign up for our weeklyish newsletter called Inneresting, which has lots of links to things about writing. We have T-shirts. They’re great. You can find them at Cotton Bureau. You can sign up to become a Premium Member at scriptnotes.net, where you get all the back-episodes and Bonus Segments, like the one we’re about to record on how not to forget the names of the people you’re working with. Craig, I’ll never forget your name.

**Craig:** Aw, thanks, Jim.

**John:** Megan, it absolutely is a pleasure.

**Craig:** Megan Arao.

**John:** Megan Arao. We’ll see you guys next week.

**Megana:** Thank you.

[Bonus Segment]

**John:** Bonus Segment. Let’s talk about the people you’re working with and who are showing up in your emails, who are calling, who are on Zooms. You have to remember who are these people. Craig, what is your strategy? What was your strategy on Last of Us for all the people you’re meeting, so the studio executives, the production folks? When you go on a set, how are you remembering names?

**Craig:** You can’t. There are too many people. When you’re making a production, any kind of production, there’s too many people. A large production, there’s absurdly too many people. You can’t try too hard. If you try too hard, suddenly all day long all you’re thinking about are people’s names. More to the point, no one expects you to know their name, certainly not early on. Then later down the line, if they don’t interact with you frequently… There are people that I probably never talk to. There are definitely people I never talked to on our set, because they were busy doing other things. I didn’t interface with them, so I don’t know their name. They’re professionals. They don’t walk around saying, “I can’t believe that the guy I never talk to, who never talks to me, doesn’t know my name.” It takes time. The God’s honest truth, what happens is it takes time, and you start to learn. It’s weird for me to think about how many people I know and how many names I know from the crew of the Last of Us and how I knew none of their names in the beginning. In that first week, if I need help with a prop, I don’t know who to talk to. Hey, how about this? Everyone’s wearing a mask. You just do the best you can. That’s it. I am considering that for my next production, whatever it is, that maybe for the first couple of weeks we do name tags.

**John:** I believe in name tags. I think it helps everybody. It ask the truth that you cannot remember everybody’s names. I like name tags. I like that as a thing. Would you have name tags that are stickers on people’s shoulders or on a badge kind of thing?

**Craig:** We had badges. The problem is the badges would flip around, inevitably. They would always show the wrong side. Also, you just didn’t want to, “Excuse me, hold on, I need to see your badge,” because it’s in a weird spot.

**John:** Then you’re looking down, so it’s clear you didn’t remember their name.

**Craig:** My point is we all don’t remember our names. I want to give everybody freedom to not know each other’s name. Wear the name tag and also what your job is, because I don’t know. I’m meeting a lot of people for the first time on day one. Oh my god, our dimmer board operator, Jameses. His name is James and then S and then something. It was a whole thing with the gaffer calling him Jameses. We love Jameses. I don’t know who Jameses is on day one. I don’t know his name, and I don’t know what he does yet, because I just see him walking around. Now if he gets behind the dimmer board, then yeah. Is that a special effects guy, or is that a props guy? Is that an electrician or is that a grip? You don’t know. Name and job. Do the best you can. You’re going to say “bro” and “buddy” and “pal” a lot.

**John:** It’s going to happen.

**Craig:** You’re going to say “sir” and “madam.” Generally speaking, people forgive you. If you are saying to your A-camera operator after four months, “Sorry, I don’t know your name, but can you get tighter?” then you’re an idiot. Otherwise, yeah, just give yourself a little bit of a break. It’s not possible.

**John:** I’m not in production yet, but I am in a lot of Zooms with a lot of people. They’re the kind of Zooms that will happen every two or three weeks. I’m not seeing people all the time. I’m seeing people enough. I need to remember, oh crap, who is this person? What I’ve taken to doing is, for this project I just have a page in Notion which is basically who’s who. It basically lists the names. I’ll grab a photo off the internet so I remember what they look like, and a few things about them, what their job title is at this company, anything that’s interesting I know about their history or a thing, just so I’m not starting from absolute zero every time a Zoom starts up here, because sometimes I’ll have a follow-up call with my agent, say, “What did you think of this person?” I’m like, “I have no idea if that person was on the Zoom or not.” This way, at least going into it, I have a little bit better sense of like, okay, these are the people.

Other thing I’ve found really helpful is that with Zoom invitations, you see who is invited to the meeting. I can just take a look through that list. It’s like, do I know who these people are? If there’s a person who I don’t know who they are, I will Google them to see what is this person’s function on this project. Otherwise, I can forget, oh, that’s actually a high-ranking network exec, and I just didn’t know.

**Craig:** Certainly, you want to know who the quote unquote important people are.

**John:** If this were a physical meeting, whose office would I be in.

**Craig:** There are people that when you’re dealing with let’s say the studio or network, especially when you’re in larger meetings where it covers multiple departments, then there are going to be people on there that you don’t know personally. They also don’t expect that you know them personally. To me it’s okay to know the names of the people that you’ve been dealing directly with. If other people break through the name barrier, then I say well done, name barrier breaker-througher. I’m also perfectly happy to play these… We’re older now, John. We can just be slightly doddering about it.

**John:** Love it.

**Craig:** Megana, you can’t get away with that. You’re in your crisp 20s. You can’t not know people’s names.

**Megana:** I do know people’s names.

**Craig:** See? Look at that.

**John:** See? Absolutely, because she’s met so many fewer people than you and I have. Here’s a plead. Can I just ask all of Hollywood and all of the world? On your Zoom, put your actual name as your name. Don’t put some little short thing they can’t pronounce. Put your actual name there. Mine says John August, because my name is John August. It doesn’t say august75007. It says John August. People can remember, “Oh, that’s John August. He’s the writer guy.”

**Craig:** Carolyn Strauss, at some point someone changed her Zoom name to something. She was involved in some kind of charity that was benefiting Historically Black Colleges and Universities. Her Zoom name was something like HBCUFoundation4. Now, I know who she is, but every time I see her, I’m like, “What’s up, HBCUFoundation4?” Somebody needs to fix her Zoom, for the love of God. Also, I’ve been on Zoom with friends and changed my name to something horrendous and then forgot.

**John:** I love that.

**Craig:** You go on Zoom later, and it’s still your name. I think Zoom should have a thing where it just resets back to your regular name each time.

**John:** 100%. For D and D, we use our characters’ names for our Zooms, if we remember to use our characters’ names for Zooms. Thank God I’m using our iPad. It resets and it doesn’t remember that I changed it.

**Craig:** That might’ve been it. I was in a meeting, and someone’s like, “Why is your Zoom name God of Vengeance?” or something like that. I was like, “Oh, right, so I’m a Dungeon Master. Long story. I’m a dork.”

**John:** Megana, you’re meeting with everybody in town. You’re going off on tons of meetings. Are you doing anything to keep track of who you meet with?

**Megana:** I feel like this is revealing such big gaps. I have the email communication with my agents though.

**John:** That helps, because back in our day, when I was first taking those meetings, it was before emails. I would get phone calls. I’d go to this place, and there was just no record of what it was. Or I’d get faxes. I remember faxes.

**Craig:** Faxes.

**Megana:** I guess something I learned from you also is afterwards I’ll send a summary of what we talked about to my agents and then have that all searchable by email.

**John:** That is another big help. If I have a general meeting, if agents set up something, afterwards I’ll send an email saying, “We had a great meeting. We talked about these three things. I really liked this person,” just as a reminder. It’s helpful for them, but it’s mostly helpful for me when I want to search back.

**Craig:** My whole system was just writing words on small scraps of paper that piled up on my desk.

**John:** Then you eventually threw them away.

**Craig:** Then I eventually threw them away, and in throwing them away learned an important lesson. It’s fine.

**John:** It’s all fine.

**Craig:** You know what? If someone’s going to give me money, I learn their name real fast.

**John:** Funny how that works.

**Craig:** If they are relying on me, they’re going to learn my name real fast. Everybody else, whatever. By the way, I’ve met people before and then subsequently, some time later, I run into them at something, and they don’t remember meeting me. That’s fine. I never say, “No, you know me. What?” I just go, “Nice to meet you,” because why make them feel bad over something that’s incredibly human? It’s my fault. I didn’t break through.

**John:** I was at a party over the weekend. There was a guy who worked at a studio. I said, oh, blah blah. He’s like, “Oh no, we actually have met before. It was five years ago. I was the junior person in the room.” Thank you for taking the spin off that, like it was my fault for not remembering him, because he was the junior guy in the room. I only focused on the decision maker in the room.

**Craig:** That’s totally fine. If someone says to me, “Hey, I did meet you once with so-and-so,” I’ll just be honest. I’m like, “I don’t specifically remember that, but I hope that I was pleasant.”

**John:** There was a case where on a Zoom, they made a big point about like, “I used to work for,” insert name here, “and I learned everything from here.” I wanted to say, “I will never work with you, because if that’s who you hold up as your ideal and your model, that’s bad and dangerous, and you’re a terrible, terrible person.”

**Craig:** I would admire the absolute gall of somebody who said, “I used to work for Harvey Weinstein. I learned everything from him.”

**John:** “He’s a hero.”

**Craig:** “He’s my hero.”

**John:** Good stuff. Craig, thanks for the tips.

**Craig:** Thank you for your tips. Thank you, Megana.

**Megana:** Thanks, guys.

**John:** Bye.

**Craig:** Bye.

Links:

* [Eric Webb’s Twitter](https://twitter.com/salaciousscribe) and [Memorial Fundraiser](https://www.gofundme.com/f/lay-a-beloved-writer-friend-and-partner-to-rest)
* [Mystery of the Buried Owl](https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/may/13/the-mystery-of-the-buried-owl-the-30-year-treasure-hunt-baffling-french-puzzlers) by Phil Hoad for the Guardian
* [Rodney Stotts Used to Hustle Drugs in Southeast DC. Now He’s One of the Few Black Master Falconers in America](https://www.washingtonian.com/2022/02/09/rodney-stotts-one-of-the-few-black-master-falconers-in-america/) by Rodney Stotts for the Washingtonian
* [This lawyer should be world-famous for his battle with Chevron – but he’s in jail](https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/feb/08/chevron-amazon-ecuador-steven-donziger-erin-brockovich) by Erin Brockovich for the Guardian
* [It Really Wasn’t Cricket: The Strange Case of the Fake Indian Premier League](https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/12/world/asia/fake-indian-cricket-league-russia.html) by Sameer Yasir for the NY Times
* [Werewords](http://werewords.com) Game
* [Tiramisu](https://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/1018684-classic-tiramisu) Recipe in the New York Times
* [Get a Scriptnotes T-shirt!](https://cottonbureau.com/people/scriptnotes-podcast)
* [Sign Up for the Inneresting Newsletter](https://inneresting.substack.com/)
* [Gift a Scriptnotes Subscription](https://scriptnotes.supportingcast.fm/gifts) or [treat yourself to a premium subscription!](https://scriptnotes.supportingcast.fm/)
* [Craig Mazin](https://twitter.com/clmazin) on Twitter
* [John August](https://twitter.com/johnaugust) on Twitter
* [John on Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/johnaugust/?hl=en)
* [Outro](http://johnaugust.com/2013/scriptnotes-the-outros) by Owen Danoff ([send us yours!](http://johnaugust.com/2014/outros-needed))
* Scriptnotes is produced by [Megana Rao](https://twitter.com/MeganaRao) and edited by [Matthew Chilelli](https://twitter.com/machelli).

Email us at ask@johnaugust.com

You can download the episode [here](http://traffic.libsyn.com/scriptnotes/559standard.mp3).

Scriptnotes Episode 558: Magnetic Characters, Transcript

August 8, 2022 Scriptnotes Transcript

The original post for this episode can be found [here](https://johnaugust.com/2022/magnetic-characters).

**John August:** Bonjour et bienvenue. Je m’appelle John August.

**Craig Mazin:** Je m’appelle Craig Mazin.

**John:** [French language]. Craig, we’re back. You’re back from Calgary. I’m back from France. We are back in our native home city of Los Angeles.

**Craig:** Correct. We were both in countries where things on wrappers are printed in French.

**John:** That’s true, yes, and French rappers rap in French.

**Craig:** French rappers are the best. I assume you were there for fun.

**John:** For fun, yes.

**Craig:** Great.

**John:** Spent some time touring the UK, looking at some schools for our daughter. Then we were just back in France for the first time since the pandemic. Longtime listeners will know that I used to live there. It was nice to be back and seeing my old haunts. The boulangerie which was our favorite place to get pastries every day was still there, but slightly less good than it was before.

**Craig:** Interesting.

**John:** Something happened.

**Craig:** Life happens, John. Life happens. It must’ve been nice to return there. It must’ve been nice to be overseas and not working. I can’t say I was overseas. I was over-border. I was over over-border.

**John:** You were over-border, yeah. I did no Scriptnotes work at all.

**Craig:** That’s wonderful. That’s great. Look, wasn’t it nice?

**John:** It was so nice.

**Craig:** Let’s just say, without freaking anyone out, I will simply say sometimes it’s nice to not do Scriptnotes.

**John:** It really is.

**Craig:** It really is.

**John:** [inaudible 00:01:23] not be thinking about it.

**Craig:** If you don’t realize that you’ve got… Oh, it’s not a big deal. It’s just that there’s this splinter. It doesn’t hurt. Then one day 10 years later they take the splinter out and you’re like, “Oh, wow. It’s actually way better without that splinter.” Nobody should get nervous or anxious.

**John:** Don’t worry.

**Craig:** Don’t get anxious.

**John:** Everything’s fine.

**Megana Rao:** I am really anxious.

**Craig:** No no no. Megana, sleep.

**Megana:** I don’t like where this conversation is going.

**Craig:** Sleep.

**John:** Let’s get to today’s episode so that Megana gets less nervous. Today on the show, effing magnets, how do they work? More specifically, how do you create characters who both pull in the viewer and pull themselves through the story? We’ll look at techniques for adjusting the magnetic fields. We’ll also catch up on a lot of news on animation writing, the CW, and more. There’ll be no Bonus Segment at the end for Premium Members, because instead, they just get a whole Bonus Episode we just created, where we talk with the creator of Wordle and the author of 50 Years of Text Games about ways to use words for fun and profit. It was a good conversation, yes, Craig?

**Craig:** It was fantastic. I think everybody will enjoy it. Naturally, the two of us make sure that it is of interest to everyone, including people that don’t play word games, because there’s universal things that need to be examined, and they were.

**John:** Craig, I think we had one text exchange during my entire vacation, which was Craig writing, “Hell froze over.” I had no idea what the context was. We can now say that hell froze over because Craig Mazin was invited to join the Motion Picture Academy.

**Craig:** If you’re a longtime listener, you know that was something that was never going to happen, and it happened. I was invited to join the Motion Picture Academy. I am now in the Motion Picture Academy. I’m a part of a very exciting and interesting freshman class.

**John:** Craig, you are now an Academy member. I’m so excited to be attending Academy events with you and such and making fun of speakers and-

**Craig:** Oh god.

**John:** …doing all the Academy business.

**Craig:** I will say that the number of emails that I receive per day has shot up dramatically. I guess I’ll have to figure out how to manage the email influx from the Academy. It’s nice. I am excited to vote for the Oscars. That sounds like it would be a fun thing to do.

**John:** It’s fun to do. It’s actually a really well-designed voting system. Of course, you’ll be a part of the Academy app, which is where you’ll see all the screeners, which is actually really well-designed.

**Craig:** Great.

**John:** It’s good stuff.

**Craig:** I think it’s wonderful. I think it was our own Aline Brosh McKenna, the living Joan Rivers of Scriptnotes, who may have put my name forward. I should thank her for that. It was also gratifying because you can become a member of the Academy simply by being nominated for something or you can become a member because people think you ought to be. In my case, it was the latter. That was nice. It’s always nice to be wanted. Yay, Academy.

**John:** Hooray. A bunch of news happened, Craig, while you were getting your Academy membership and I was overseas. The Animation Guild ratified their new three-year contract. We’ve talked about animation writing many times on the show. Animation Guild represents all folks who work in animation in different fields, a lot of artists, a lot of different people. They also represent some writers who work in animation.

There was a long and vocal campaign to try to improve the conditions of writers working under Animation Guild contracts. This contract did some things better. It established new job tiers for promotion. There’s a Level 1, Level 2, a supervising animation writer, all who got some pay bumps. There’s a new more junior level called associate animation writer, which is lower paid. It looks like some progress. It also looks like not very close to what an equivalent writer would be getting under a live-action WGA deal. It can both be significant progress and not what these writers should be receiving.

**Craig:** That’s right, nor will it ever be. Because of the circumstances surrounding the Animation Guild, specifically that it is part of IATSE and not a writer’s guild, they will not ever have the kind of bargaining power we do. They don’t have as many members by far. Also, their strike threat is essentially de minimis, because IATSE’s not striking so that animation writers do better. They will always struggle to do the best they can. They do, I honestly think, do the best they can. The people who work there care a lot. They are not defensive about the fact that their collective bargaining agreement is not as good as ours. They are aware of it. They don’t deny it. They do the best they can. That’s the most important thing. They did get a pretty decent turnout, which I think is really important. Member turnout apparently tripled compared to the last vote.

If there’s one thing that I guess we could look at as a decent thing, it’s just additional codification of what IATSE got, which was an enshrined 3% minimum wage increases annually over the course of the contract. That used to be the standard across the industry, and then suddenly it went down to two and a half. Hopefully, we can all return to the 3%. Anyway, I think all in all a successful negotiation for Animation Guild. Well done to the folks who run it and all the folks who voted.

**John:** I also just want to commend the animation writers who kept speaking up very vocally about how important it was and how their jobs are different than other folks who are working in the Animation Guild. They’re the first people on board in a project. They have very specific needs that are different from other folks. I think it’s great that they spoke up and were so insistent throughout this. This is not the last we’ve heard about animation writing and making sure that animation writers are paid what they should be paid.

**Craig:** I expect that we’ll be hearing about this every three years, as well we should.

**John:** Other news, so Craig, you and I have not talked very much about the CW, but we should probably explain for international listeners, because the CW is just a weird situation. Way back in the day, we had two different networks called the WB and UPN. Shows on the WB that were so famous were Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Angel.

**Craig:** The Buffyverse.

**John:** All the Buffyverse, but also Dawson’s Creek was a WB show. My own show, which lasted seven episodes, only four of which aired, called DC, was a WB show.

**Craig:** Great four episodes though.

**John:** It was really just a phenomenal four episodes. UPN, which was another Paramount-based network-

**Craig:** United Paramount Network.

**John:** Yeah, which had a bunch of shows. Those two merged, and they became the CW. The CW is the home to things like Supernatural, Crazy Ex-Girlfriend. It’s owned jointly by Warner Bros and CBS. It’s always been a strange partnership. They are trying to sell the CW now. It looks like it’s going to be bought out by a group called Nexstar, which represents a bunch of the stations that actually broadcast CW shows.

**Craig:** This is the I guess natural fallout of the move to streaming, because basically Warner Bros is all in on HBO Max, and CBS is all in on Paramount Plus. Then the question is what exactly will the… By the way, what is with the the?

**John:** The CW?

**Craig:** Yeah. We don’t say the NBC, the CBS, the ABC, the HBO Max.

**John:** We don’t say the CBS.

**Craig:** It’s just there for whatever reason, the CW. I guess they started with the WB, because it wasn’t WB. It was the WB.

**John:** I guess, yeah.

**Craig:** The weirdly named the CW will try and fit into this forgotten, perhaps neglected spot, which is the independent network. It’s possible that it could work. I just don’t know what their programming exactly will be, because all the programming they had is owned by these other entities. They’re not buying the programs. They’re just buying the name.

**John:** They’re buying the name. They’re buying the network and the ability of the network to brand shows. Warner Bros and Paramount will still own a part of it. I think the reason why I want to talk about this on Scriptnotes is that the CW shows were an important birthplace for a lot of writers. They were shows that ran 20 episodes a season or 22 episodes a season. There was a lot of work there. The CW canceled a bunch of their shows. That’s a bunch of writers who don’t have jobs suddenly.

I think we forget about the nature of seasonal employment. These were shows that would start early fall and go through into the spring. In this streaming era, we see much less of that. Those were really good jobs for a bunch of people. I’m concerned that whatever this new network becomes, it’s not going to have scripted shows to the same degree. We’re going to lose out on a great training ground for a lot of writers.

**Craig:** It won’t be. Don’t be concerned. Just deal with it as reality, because they will not be making scripted television the way that the CW or the WB or UPN even did, because it’s too expensive and because you can make a lot of money with unscripted programming at lower margins. That’s how you compete. Look, ultimately, all of the networks are going to go away. They’ve been around forever or what we imagine forever to be. They’re going away. We’re not going to have NBC, CBS, and ABC at some point. They’re just going.

**John:** I agree with it.

**Craig:** Then it’s just going to be Disney Plus and Paramount Plus and Peacock and then all the other streamers we know, HBO Max and Apple TV and Amazon and so on and so forth, Hulu and etc. There’s not going to be network television anymore. There’s a redundancy there that everybody can see. Everybody. We all know it. At some point, I think NBC… Honestly, Derek Haas is keeping NBC on, as far as I can tell.

**John:** The Chicago shows?

**Craig:** Yes. When the Chicago shows run their run, which probably will be 40 years from now, then and only then will NBC finally be like, “Okay, we’ll just be Peacock.”

**John:** Some follow-up. On our bonus topic a couple weeks ago, we talked about adulting, basically what are the things that made you realize that you are now an adult and what those felt like. I proposed on Twitter, “Hey, what are some useful markers you found of adulthood?” Our listeners sent through some really good suggestions. I thought we would read through some of the listener suggestions for things that mark you as possibly an adult. “Getting excited about water filter speed.”

**Craig:** What? Water filter speed.

**John:** Yeah, like getting a home water filter or how fast your Brita pitcher filters.

**Craig:** I see. Yeah.

**John:** “Throwing out plastic cups and replacing them with glass.” Yeah, so getting permanent things rather than temporary things.

**Craig:** Right.

**John:** “Hiring professional movers.” That is a real mark of it, when you’re not relying on your friends to drag you through. My friend Andrew Lippa said, “A mark of adulthood is initiating conversations that will likely invite conflict.” Recognizing I’m going to say this thing, I know this is going to make you mad, but I’m not going to actually avoid saying it because I know it’s going to make you mad.

**Craig:** I’d consider that also part of my adolescenting, to be honest, but that was me.

**John:** That was being provocative though.

**Craig:** I think that’s what “initiating conversations that likely invite conflict” is.

**John:** I think it’s recognizing that it’s not being afraid of conflict.

**Craig:** Oh, I see. You’re not starting something, but you’re not avoiding it either.

**John:** Yeah, exactly.

**Craig:** Got it.

**John:** That’s how I took Andrew Lippa’s-

**Craig:** Got it.

**John:** Knowing Andrew the way I do, that’s how I read that. Chuck Wendig, who’s a very smart writer, he said, “Being excited about things like showers and bedtime.”

**Craig:** Bedtime in particular has really become… I used to really dread it, and now lately I’m like, “Can I just get into bed? Can I get into bed now? Oh my god, no, it’s 8:15. I can’t.”

**John:** Along those lines, “Being excited when you have no plans for the weekend.” So good. “Wanting a low-key birthday.” “Seeking empty beaches.”

**Craig:** Empty beaches. I never wanted full beaches.

**John:** I never want to go to the beach. I hate the sun.

**Craig:** You really should not ever-

**John:** I should not be in the sun.

**Craig:** No. When you were an Eagle Scout, were you just in a full beekeeper costume?

**John:** For a variety of reason, I’ve pretty much always worn hats, which has helped a lot. I would say my one advice to people is just put on a hat, because it’ll help you out so much. I do remember on a horseback trip wearing a ball cap and having my ears get incredibly badly sunburned. That’s not a fun thing when you’re just peeling dead skin off your ears.

**Craig:** You need a brimmed hat.

**John:** I need a brimmed hat. That’s what I need.

**Craig:** For sure. That’s why I’m saying beekeeper. If you look into beekeeper costumes, I think you will-

**John:** I think I’ll be happy. We have some follow-up on our discussion about gun violence. Megana, do you want to help us out with this?

**Megana:** Nikolai brought up, “In Donald Glover’s brilliant show Atlanta, LaKeith Stanfield’s character Darius is at a shooting range. Around him, Second Amendment enthusiasts are shooting at human targets, which Darius shoots at a target of a dog. He’s approached, and the men tell him, ‘You can’t shoot dogs,’ to which Darius replies, ‘Why would I shoot a human target?’ I’m certainly not doing the scene justice, but I think the point still holds.”

**John:** I haven’t seen Atlanta, so I haven’t seen this beat. I think that’s a really clever idea for a moment. It’s also an interesting way to bring up the ideas of why are we using guns and what’s okay about guns and what’s not okay about guns.

**Craig:** It’s pretty setuppish. That’s my favorite word. I got that word from Hannibal Buress, setuppish.

**John:** Setuppish.

**Craig:** Isn’t that a great word?

**John:** It is. It’s pejorative but not dismissive completely.

**Craig:** It’s just saying you’re luring me into something. It’s setuppish. It is clever.

**John:** It is clever. I like it. Follow-up on remote writers’ rooms. Help us out.

**Megana:** Allison wrote in and said, “A follow-up to that great question about remote writers’ rooms. Why must writers’ rooms be in LA when so much production is remote? Wouldn’t it make sense for Disney to have writers’ rooms in Atlanta, for instance? I live and work in Portland, Oregon, where we have a thriving TV and film scene. The productions may hire local camera operators, directors, actors, etc, but the writers’ rooms are always based in LA. This above the line/below the line divide never made sense to me. Making writers’ rooms local to the locations could go a long way to bridging this divide.”

**Craig:** Interesting point.

**John:** I think I remember some anecdotes of a show that did actually put its writing staff in the place where it was shooting. It’s so unusual that I think it just stuck out because I’d never heard of that before.

**Craig:** There’s a really simple reason for this, Allison. Money. When you take people from where they live and ask them to live somewhere else, it costs money. You have to pay them a per diem. There’s a weekly fee that they get just for living expenses. You have to put them up somewhere. You have to feed them. You have to take care of their travel back and forth and all of that stuff. It’s just money. Now if it were me and I had a writers’ room, which I don’t, but if I did, yeah, I probably would’ve wanted them with me. Then I’m sure HBO would’ve said, “No, we’re not spending all this money for people to be up there and be there when you need them during production, but when they’re not needed during production, then… ”

Ideally, a lot of this stuff is written before you get into production. We do hire below-the-line folks and then bring them places and put them up and pay for them, because sometimes we need specific people. Cinematographers, camera operators are a good example, and obviously actors. Basically, bottom line, Allison, dough.

**John:** Yeah, dough. Also, I think it’s understanding the timeline of when you’re shooting these things. Craig’s right to say ideally you’ve written all the episodes before you start shooting, or you’re getting close to that. The exception would be if you were doing a traditional network show like one of the Baltimore shows like Homicide. I think Homicide may have actually had its writers’ room there in Baltimore, because they were right there on set doing all the stuff. You basically needed to have those writers be right there on set to do the things. It was great. That is a possibility there for a network show where you’re not writing so far ahead of what production is. For most shows, it’s not going to work. I think Allison also may be thinking that they’ll hire local writers to do that thing. No, they won’t. No showrunner’s going to find the six writers they want for that show in Portland. They’re just not going to find that. It’s not going to be a thing that works out.

**Craig:** Even if they were there, it doesn’t matter, because you need writers where you are before you get to Portland. You can’t get to Portland unless you’ve written a lot.

**John:** When we had Liz Meriwether and Liz Hannah on the show talking about their productions, they did have writers on set, but they had to bring in one writer at a time, because that’s what they can afford to bring. That was great and helpful for them. That’s what they could actually do.

**Craig:** That is industry standard.

**John:** We have some follow-up on disclaimers. Megana.

**Megana:** Frank from LA wrote in and said, “I wrote a pilot that’s a Real Housewives style reality show spoof about plus-size male models. When I was first taking it out, execs who read it blind without meeting me or without seeing the web series it was based on thought I was making fun of fat people. It was so frustrating, because I was doing the exact opposite. The feedback was largely tepid and/or cautionary, until I added a second page that said, ‘The author is loud, queer, and overweight. In their head they could be Naomi Campbell if only the world would let them.'”

**John:** Here’s an example of a preface page or an epigraph, still debating what those are going to be, that was helpful for Frank in getting his script read because people did not understand the context of who their writer was and how they should be reading the script without some sort of introduction there. Craig, what do you think?

**Craig:** It’s everything, so well done, Frank. The fact that maybe you didn’t think about doing that initially is not your fault. What I love is that you then thought of doing it. There’s nothing questionable about this. To me, context in the course of humor is incredibly important. We’re all grown up enough, especially now, to understand that some things are funny when certain people say them, and some things are not funny when certain people say them. You could boil it all down to the punch up/punch down thing, but I tend to think of it more as self-criticism versus outward criticism, self-awareness versus otherness.

If I write a comedy, and I suspect this is going to come up later when we get to our One Cool Things, and I am criticizing American Jewish culture, I’m doing it from inside my group, and that is different than if somebody else does it from outside. It just is. We don’t have to even get into why. We all know and understand this inherently. I think it’s actually brilliant and puts people at ease. It doesn’t necessarily mean that they’re going to like the script. What they can’t do is say, “Oh, I don’t feel comfortable here, because I think somebody’s just teeing off on other people.”

**John:** Well done. I agree. I think it’s a good use of that preface page or epigraph. You can use either term.

**Craig:** Prologue, whatever.

**John:** Prologue.

**Craig:** Epigraph, I think that’s what we’ve settled on.

**John:** I think we settled on preface page. Let’s get to our marquee-

**Craig:** Wow.

**John:** …topic here. It’s been a while since we’ve had a marquee topic. Craig, while I was on this vacation, I read a book. I read Jason Kander’s new book, Invisible Storm. If you don’t remember Jason Kander, he was a candidate for Senate in Missouri who lost but came really, really close and was just a phenomenon in Missouri. He was also then going to be running for president. He decided not to run for president, ran for mayor of Kansas City, pulled out of that to announce that he basically needed to stop because he had tremendous PTSD and basically could not function as a candidate. The book does a really good job of talking about those decisions and what he was trying to suppress but ultimately couldn’t suppress.

It got me thinking about, so often on Scriptnotes we’re talking about what characters want, what they’re driving towards, what they’re aspiring to become. That always feels like a pull. We’re being pulled in one direction. In the case of Jason Kander, he was really being pushed away from something. He was basically trying to escape from this PTSD. So much of his success was actually a fear-avoidance mechanism, trying to get away from this thing. Basically, as long as he was running really fast, it couldn’t catch up. He believed it couldn’t catch up. I like that push-pull dynamic that a magnet both can be drawing towards something but also repelling away from something else. I thought we might talk about what characters are trying to do looking at both what they’re being pulled towards but what they’re pushing against.

**Craig:** The pushing against part is probably a universal thing. I think everybody is afraid of something. Fear is a huge part of what it means to be human and therefore a huge part of writing human characters. What we find is if we simply write somebody as being afraid of something and moving away from something, the story isn’t very interesting, because they’re just hiding, and they’re hiding overtly, and we just are waiting for them to stop. It’s more interesting when we think what we’re seeing is the story of somebody driven toward something positive. It’s only then that we realize that their positive motion forward is really in lieu of what they’re afraid of doing.

**John:** As we look back to some of our deep dive discussions on Clueless or on Little Mermaid, these characters will express their wish, the thing that they’re trying to go towards. They’re also leaving home. Sometimes that leaving home is being pushed away from that too. Sometimes they are pushing off against the wall as they’re swimming away. Figuring out what that wall is can be really, really important. Figuring out what it is that they don’t want themselves to become, what it is that they are afraid of becoming, what it is that they are loathe to face again, can be what’s driving them. In really successful stories, and I think Kander’s real life story is successful in its way, it’s finally having to confront that monster, confront that thing that you were trying to escape, is part of the journey that gets you through to the end. It gets you into your third act. It’s finally facing this thing that you’ve been trying to avoid the whole time.

**Craig:** Exactly. This is very simpatico with the whole how do you write a movie podcast that we did. The revelation of what it is that terrifies you is something that should happen. It’s almost like a little horror movie inside of every movie, whether it’s a comedy or an adventure. There’s this daunting realization that the problem, the thing that you were not looking at is the following. You weren’t even aware of it necessarily. What a lot of first acts do well is give you all the clues as to what might be the problem. We notice early on in our stories that our characters are not merely pulling towards something, but they’re good at it. They’re often competent at it. It’s much more interesting if the thing you’re pulling towards is something that you’re good at, because then theoretically you can just keep going.

**John:** That’s a thing that we see with Jason Kander, who’s very good at being a politician and raising the money and doing the things and being on the phone constantly and doing all the things it took to be successful as that and was using those things to have this vision of where he was going to end up. Really, he was distracting himself from the work he needed to do. It reminds me of when we had Phoebe Waller-Bridge on the show. We talked about Fleabag. Fleabag is a character who is… Her forward momentum really comes from constantly pushing people away and basically building a distance between herself and other people. You don’t see her going after a thing as much as pushing people away and using the conventions of talking to the audience and other things to create a space around her. It’s only when she’s finally confronted about this that she can make the progress and growth she goes through at the end of the series.

**Craig:** It’s one of the ways that we connect with the quote unquote unlikable character, which is why this character isn’t likable is the worst note that anyone can get. Shame on everybody who gives it. Their unlikability is often about how they are pushing things away, and doing so in a way that allows them to get through life. It’s often very funny. Pushing people away is probably better presented through comedy than through drama. It gets very heavy very quickly when you’re just like, “Screw off,” constantly. The notion of, it was just misanthropy, I guess, it’s funny. They’re funny people, because we’re like, “Yeah, everybody does stink. That is stupid.” Then you realize, wait, that’s the part of me that is a bit afraid of things. I think it’s really important that we get to see people being repellent.

**John:** I think back to Melissa McCarthy’s character in Can You Ever Forgive Me. We had Marielle Heller on the show talking about that. That is a miscreant character. She does not like the outside world. She does not trust the outside world. We see her doing specific things to protect herself from exposing any vulnerability. Of course, for the movie to succeed, it has to introduce characters who can break through that armor and give her things that she actually wants to see and make her step outside of her comfort zone to let some people in. Of course, her whole scheme falls apart in the process. That’s an example of a movie that’s not a comedy and yet does do that job of I have a strong magnetic field that is pushing everyone away from me and succeeds.

**Craig:** There are obviously comic moments in that movie. Melissa McCarthy is a fascinating example, because I think basically every character she plays, with rare exception, is somebody that is pushing people away. Zach Galifianakis, also very, very famous for this. What makes them so good at it is more than just their talent, which is exceptional. They also just have this interesting humanity in their eyes. I’ve always said among comic character actors, or just comic actors I guess you’d call them, that some of them are a little scary, and some of them you want to just take home and hug. Jim Carrey, I think his characters always have this mania that’s a bit terrifying, and so it’s exciting.

**John:** You would not want to give him a sharp knife. I would not be comfortable.

**Craig:** Exactly. You don’t want to give him a sharp knife. There’s a danger about his… Sacha Baron Cohen, there’s a danger there. Then when you look at Steve Carrell or Zach or Melissa, it’s like… For whatever reason, there’s just something about Steve Carrell where I just want to take him home and hug him. Those characters tend to do really well when they’re pushing people away, because you know inherently they’re not being mean or cruel. They’re just hurt.

**John:** When you get the note about likability, I think the corollary note to that is relatability. Sometimes those characters who might seem unlikable, as long as they’re relatable, as long as we can see aspects of things we would ourselves do and protective mechanisms and defense shields they’re putting up in our own lives, we can relate to them, even if they’re not classically likable human beings, they’re not picking up and hugging puppies. We can see ourselves in them. I think that’s an example of something Melissa does so well is that in the characters she’s playing, you can see why she’s doing what she’s doing. You can understand she’s trying to push you away and she’s still letting you in.

**Craig:** I think that relatability is ultimately essential for every single character that is ever… The only characters that you can get away with being not relatable are I guess dispensable ones and very broad ones, so James Bond. The classic template for James Bond movies is that there’s a main villain who usually is somewhat relatable, but then that main villain has an interesting sidekick, so Oddjob or Jaws, Nick Nack. They are always very thin characters. By and large, everybody, villains, second bananas, leads, everyone at some point or another must be relatable, even in ways that are seemingly incompatible with their circumstances. For instance, Thor is a god, and yet really all those movies are asking us to relate to him on a very not godlike level.

**John:** I would say the most successful Thor movies are the ones that pierce the Thor character the most and reveal his inner flaws and his humor and his dissatisfaction with himself and his own situation. It’s not the ones where he’s awesome, it’s the ones where he’s flawed are the ones where you’re going to be most curious to follow along.

**Craig:** If you were Chris Hemsworth, do you think you would ever wake up in the morning being like, “Pretty flawed here.”

**John:** I think the success of one of these films though is showing beautiful people who are still flawed in relatable ways. That’s obviously one of the great challenges we face as writers is to have characters who are compelling and driven and feel like a movie can center around them, and yet we’re still seeing through to some of their vulnerability. I think the Iron Man character that Robert Downey Jr plays is a very good example of this, because he is an asshole. He’s fundamentally not a sympathetic character, and yet he is written with a specificity and with a vulnerability that lets you see behind the surface. He could be both. He could be pushing you away, literally pushing you away with his little magnetic jet hands, and at the same time letting you in to see what’s there.

**Craig:** We’re going to get so many angry emails. “Those are not jet hands. Those are Propulsors.”

**John:** Repulsors, yes, I’m sorry.

**Craig:** I don’t know what the hell they are. It’s really interesting. Separate topic we should talk about one day is the unfortunate phenomenon that no matter how much representation we talk about and the improvement of representation on film, the one area where human beings just seem to really struggle with is we want good-looking people on screen. We want them. Black, white, disabled, doesn’t matter, but all we ask is that their faces have symmetry. We are fascinated with the lives of people who have symmetrical faces. It is so weird to think of. When you really boil it down, it’s like, what is happening there? There’s not a chance that people’s facial symmetry is a statistical reflection of their actual interest value as humans. What are we doing? What is happening? Anyway, I just find that fascinating.

**John:** Yet facial symmetry doesn’t make you a movie star. Tom Cruise is a good-looking person and was a good-looking person growing up, but it was his actual charisma, which is not his physical body, that made him the star.

**Craig:** Yes. Really, what it comes down to is if you have this much talent and your face is this symmetrical, you can be a movie star. If you have even more talent than that, but your face is terribly not symmetrical-

**John:** You can be a voice actor.

**Craig:** You’re not going to be a movie star, because people just don’t… They don’t care. That’s what so strange. It’s so strange, because there are some incredible actors out there who don’t have whatever that is that’s the facial symmetry that we all demand. Then we miss them somehow. Then there are actors who we all know are famous because they’re very good-looking. A lot of the people who are now famous for being famous, I think a lot of that is just… Anyway, side topic. We’ll come back around to that on Episode 730.

**John:** The last little point I will make here, which we’ll reference again when we come back to this topic, is it reminds me of… There’s this phenomenon of hockey players who are born in a certain month are much more successful. I think it’s probably because of that. It’s because this actor was so beautiful and was so handsome and was cast in these roles, they learned how to become a much better film actor, and they kept getting the work. They improved as an actor because they kept getting more chances to play and more chances in front of the screen.

**Craig:** There is no question that… I can’t remember the comedian who said the secret to happiness is be good-looking. You laugh, and then he starts talking about it, and you realize, oh my god, yes. Yes, apparently, that is the secret. Everything gets a lot easier. Everything. Everything. All of your successes are over-praised. Your failures are ignored. Everybody is interested in you and wants to be around you and are attracted to you. It’s this interesting magnetic thing we’re talking about.

**John:** Last bit on magnetism I would just say is a lesson I learned as I’ve been thinking about this over the last few weeks is that obviously, always be looking for what a character wants, because what a character wants is going to be driving them in a lot of cases. Just never forget the corollary question is what are they trying to get away from. What are they pushing against? What are they trying to push away from themselves? You’ll find some really interesting details and maybe some interesting characters and situations by looking about what it is that they are repelled by and see whether that can be additional driving force for you in figuring out your story and basically your protagonist’s journey.

Cool. Let’s go into our One Cool Things. I have two recommendations for you, both things you can see on streaming. First off is Fire Island, written by Joel Kim Booster, which is a delightful retelling of Pride and Prejudice but all told on Fire Island. Really, really nicely done. Delightful. You can find it on Hulu. It matches very well with our Clueless episode, which we just aired last week, which is a retelling of Jane Austen’s Emma. This is Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, all set on Fire Island. Very much recommend you see that.

Also, if you’ve not seen Heartstopper, which is a really well-reviewed and popular show on Netflix, I would recommend it. It is a small gay British high school show that is just really smartly done. It’s weirdly chaste and based on these great graphic novels by Alice Oseman. If you are in the mood for something just light and delightful, I would recommend Heartstopper for you.

**Craig:** I have to watch the show. Bella Ramsey, who plays Ellie in The Last of Us, and a guy named Steve Oben, who is one of our costume department geniuses, they were obsessed with this and would talk about it all the time. I have to watch Heartstopper. In a lovely way. They just said it puts a smile on your face.

**John:** I was describing it to Megana as being like M and M’s, where you eat an M and M and suddenly you’ve ate the whole bag. You’re like, “Wait, where’d the show go?” They’re very short episodes. It’s just delightfully done.

**Craig:** I’m in. How could my One Cool Thing this week not be the James Webb Space Telescope?

**John:** Pretty amazing images.

**Craig:** You and I are old enough to remember when Hubble blew our minds. By the way, I feel bad for Hubble. Hubble’s been out there killing it for decades, and then James Webb shows up. It’s not enough that James Webb is so much better than Hubble. Now it’s supposed to be like, “Look at this shit from Hubble. Look at this shit photo from Hubble. Now look how much better it is from James Webb.” It’s so mean.

Anyway, it is kind of incredible. The images that we’re seeing are startling. They are not of stars, but of galaxies. They are closeups of galaxies. They are sections of sky that show dozens or hundreds of galaxies, each of which, of course, contain countless stars and planets. All of this is just mind-blowing. Interestingly, most of them do look a little bit like… Remember when we were kids, John, you would go to the store and there were those little vending machines where you’d put a quarter in and you’d turn the dial and you’d get a little plastic egg?

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** Inside the egg was candy or a toy. One of the toys was this clear, super bouncy… The Super Ball. A super bouncy ball.

**John:** Super bouncy ball, yeah.

**Craig:** Inside a lot of them was a billion sparkly things.

**John:** It’s glitter. It’s glitter inside a rubber ball.

**Craig:** That’s what the universe is. It’s a glittery Super Ball. It’s mind-blowing, portrays a kind of vastness that our brains are simply incapable of processing fully. My One Cool Thing this week, James Webb Space Telescope, and you know what, also the Hubble. Hey, Hubble.

**John:** Hubble’s doing great.

**Craig:** You are the OG, Hubble.

**John:** 100%. I got to see the James Webb Space Telescope before it launched. We went down to Northrop Grumman and got to do a tour. I’ll talk through how you get to see it. You are going up three stories, up to this glass observation bay, and looking down at a bunch of people in beekeeper suits basically, that Craig would be happy with, just completely vacuum-sealed, because this whole thing, which has this giant gold mirror, a speck of dust on it could ruin everything. Years of years of construction for this. It felt impressive. I could not even imagine launching it into space. To see the results that they’re able to get off of it is just incredible.

**Craig:** NASA has been, I won’t say quietly, but not noisily, being amazing for a really long time, and particularly I think for the last 10 years or so, in terms of what they’ve been able to do with Mars and now with this telescope. I have to say the reorientation away from man space travel towards investigative space engineering is great.

**John:** 100%.

**Craig:** It’s great. I don’t need a guy on Mars. What’s he going to do? He’s going to walk around. Who cares? Show me more of it and analyze it.

**John:** Put some more robots there. Let them dig around and pull stuff up.

**Craig:** How about this? HD cameras are preferable to putting a person there, so that that person can be like, “Oh my god, I did it.” We’re like, “You did it.”

**John:** You look at this telescope or even the rovers we have on Mars, they can work for 10 years-

**Craig:** Thank you.

**John:** …and keep doing stuff, versus a guy who can be there for a week and you got to fly him back.

**Craig:** We get excited because we can watch it, and he’s walking on Mars. We’re like, “Oh my god, it happened.” Now what? The cost and the danger is extraordinary, and for not a great amount of information, not as much as you can get from diagnostic and investigative equipment like this. Hooray, NASA is what I’m saying.

**John:** There’s things that we’re able to do on the space station with humans there which seem great. We’re able to run experiments and really do stuff on the fly. Fantastic. I don’t feel a pressing need to send people back to the moon or back onto Mars. We’re good. We’re good.

**Craig:** We’re good.

**John:** We can focus on some things on Earth here that can be much more useful.

**Craig:** Agreed.

**John:** Agreed. Like making Scriptnotes, which is a-

**Craig:** Podcast.

**John:** … podcast produced by Megana Rao.

**Craig:** Yay.

**John:** It’s edited by Matthew Chilelli.

**Craig:** Wow.

**John:** Our outro this week is by Adam Pineless. Thank you to everyone who sent in outros. I put out a call for them, and now we have a whole bunch of new ones in, and they’re so, so good. We’re stocked, but we’re always looking for new outros. If you have an outro, you can send us a link to ask@johnaugust.com. That’s also the place where you can send longer questions. For short questions on Twitter, Craig is @clmazin, I’m @johnaugust. We have T-shirts and they’re great. You can find them at Cotton Bureau. You’ll find the show notes for this episode and all episodes at johnaugust.com. That’s also where you’ll find transcripts and sign up for our weeklyish newsletter called Inneresting, which has lots of links to things about writing. You can sign up to become a Premium Member at scriptnotes.net, where you’ll get all the back-episodes, Bonus Segments, and Bonus Episodes, like the one we’re putting out this week on word games. Craig and Megana, thank you for a fun show.

**Megana:** Thank you.

**Craig:** Thank you guys.

Links:

* [Animation Guild Members Ratify New Three-Year Contract](https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/animation-guild-ratifies-three-year-contract-1235174906/)
* [As Nexstar Deal For Control Of The CW Nears Finish, Ownership Structure Comes Into Focus](https://deadline.com/2022/06/nexstar-deal-to-acquire-control-of-the-cw-nears-finish-line-1235054433/)
* [John’s Adulting Twitter Thread](https://twitter.com/johnaugust/status/1544347536366108673?s=21&t=gkZVGb4zyQhdj41RFy-4Cg)
* [Invisible Storm: A Soldier’s Memoir of Politics and PTSD](https://www.harpercollins.com/products/invisible-storm-jason-kander?variant=39935556911138) by Jason Kander
* [Fire Island](https://www.hulu.com/movie/fire-island-c2abb64a-bf06-48fa-8465-c0958e2b8ecd) by Joel Kim Booster on Hulu
* [Heartstopper Series on Netflix](https://www.netflix.com/title/81059939) and [Graphic Novel](https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/heartstopper-alice-oseman/1133594836) by Alice Osman
* [James Webb Space Telescope](https://webb.nasa.gov/)
* [Get a Scriptnotes T-shirt!](https://cottonbureau.com/people/scriptnotes-podcast)
* [Check out the Inneresting Newsletter](https://inneresting.substack.com/)
* [Gift a Scriptnotes Subscription](https://scriptnotes.supportingcast.fm/gifts) or [treat yourself to a premium subscription!](https://scriptnotes.supportingcast.fm/)
* [Craig Mazin](https://twitter.com/clmazin) on Twitter
* [John August](https://twitter.com/johnaugust) on Twitter
* [John on Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/johnaugust/?hl=en)
* [Outro](http://johnaugust.com/2013/scriptnotes-the-outros) by Adam Pineless ([send us yours!](http://johnaugust.com/2014/outros-needed))
* Scriptnotes is produced by [Megana Rao](https://twitter.com/MeganaRao) and edited by [Matthew Chilelli](https://twitter.com/machelli).

Email us at ask@johnaugust.com

You can download the episode [here](http://traffic.libsyn.com/scriptnotes/558standard.mp3).

Scriptnotes, Episode 502: Free Will (Or, It’s Okay to Not Be a Screenwriter), Transcript

August 4, 2022 News, Scriptnotes Transcript

The original post for this episode can be found [here](https://johnaugust.com/2021/free-will-or-its-okay-to-not-be-a-screenwriter).

**John August:** Hello and welcome. My name is John August.

**Craig Mazin:** My name is Craig Mazin.

**John:** And this is Episode 502 of Scriptnotes, a podcast about screenwriting and things that are interesting to screenwriters.

Today on the show we keep saying it’s important that characters make choices that effect the story, but of course they really don’t. We’ll tackle the problem of free will as it applies to both fictional heroes and real life screenwriters. We’ll also answer listener questions about unready scripts and what happens after an option expires.

And in our bonus segment for premium members let’s discuss AP classes. Are they worth it? And what did we actually learn?

**Craig:** Oh, you just put a big old pitch right there. Right down the middle for me. Oh, I’ve been sitting on that fast ball. Here it comes.

**John:** All right. As always what actually is being discussed in an episode is a complete surprise to Craig. He’s not allowed to look at the outline ahead of time.

**Craig:** I mean, I’m allowed to. [laughs]

**John:** So this is all going to be Off-the-Cuff Mazin.

**Craig:** Basically the way it works is I’m like a hostage that gets – somebody puts a bag over my head and takes me somewhere. I don’t know where I am and then the bag comes off and they’re like, “Talk!” That’s how I am on these shows. And you know what? It works.

**John:** Yeah. It’s like improv theater but he’s the only person who has to improv.

**Craig:** Yeah. It’s like I’m an improv artist but I’m working with people that have read a script. It’s very weird. No one else is improving. Just me. I’ve got to figure out how to make it work. And you know what? It does work.

**John:** Yeah. That was probably Robin Williams on many of his films.

**Craig:** Yeah. I’m the Robin Williams of Scriptnotes.

**John:** You are the Robin Williams of the podcast.

**Craig:** Yeah.

**John:** Last week on the show we talked about the Breaker Upperers. And Fred wrote back in who said, “I just heard the episode and I realize I wrote Australia rather than New Zealand.”

**Craig:** Whoa.

**John:** “A perhaps even greater mistake than Craig swapping of Liverpool and Manchester. If possible please relay my sincere apologies to all the New Zealand listeners. In my haste to promote a great, under-seen movie I committed a grave error.”

**Craig:** You know, Fred, it’s OK. And I’ve got to tell you it’s not a greater mistake than the one I made. So, football fans in Liverpool and Manchester are not known for their own calm demeanor and forgiving natures. But everyone I’ve met from New Zealand has been the loveliest person ever. Everyone. It’s not that I’ve met a ton of people from New Zealand, but if you ever go to French Polynesia, for instance, you will run into quite a few Kiwis because it’s pretty close and they can hop over there. And they’re all lovely.

Melanie Lynskey, one of the best actors on the planet, from New Zealand. Maybe the nicest person who has ever been born. That’s right. And I’m including Jesus in that.

**John:** Yeah. Former Scriptnotes guest, Peter Jackson, Fran Walsh.

**Craig:** There you go.

**John:** There’s a whole bunch of talented people there. So, and including Taika Waititi who has never been a guest. I should have noticed when I read Fred’s statement on the air that like, wait, it’s Taika Waititi, that’s probably New Zealand and not Australia, but I didn’t question it at that moment.

**Craig:** Right.

**John:** So I regret my part in–

**Craig:** Everyone, it’s going to be OK. Because no one from New Zealand is going to yell at you. That’s what I’m saying. They’re forgiving, wonderful people.

**John:** A second bit of follow up, we talked in the game show segment, so this is a premium segment, so a follow up on a premium segment which I think is fair. I think it’s fair.

**Craig:** We can do that.

**John:** We can do that. One of the questions asked of us like what did we say was the death of screenwriters. And the answer was apparently we said many times on the show that children are the death of screenwriters. I was just reading an article this last week and Seth Rogan pointed out, oh, the reason why I get so much done is I have no kids. And it’s the first time I’d seen a person in the last ten years actually say that out loud. But I want to link to the article about that.

**Craig:** Other than us.

**John:** Other than us. And so sometimes we look at people’s output of work and it’s like, oh, did they have kids/did they not have kids? And in the case of Seth Rogan who is like I don’t have kids, I don’t want kids, and that’s why I get so much done.

**Craig:** I’m glad we’re all talking about it. And this is not anti-kid actually.

**John:** No. I’m pro-kid.

**Craig:** Yeah. We love our children. And anybody that has children, look, so at some point they’re going to make you insane. That’s just a fact. Pete Holmes, the standup comedian Pete Holmes, has this great bit about how when his wife gave birth to their first child they’re in the hospital and all the nurses keep coming by and saying, “By the way, don’t shake the baby,” and there are all these signs like don’t shake a baby. Never shake a baby. And they’re like who shakes a baby? And he goes what they don’t tell you is you’re going to want to shake that baby. And it’s true. It’s really, really true.

But it’s something that’s so impactful in your life that it is beyond the concept of regret. It is sort of life-changing and wonderful. But it definitely – it will reduce your output. That’s OK. I think it’s a perfect tradeoff.

**John:** Absolutely.

**Craig:** Output and productivity are not the judge of a great life.

**John:** Yeah. So I just wanted to sort of point this out to acknowledge that like if you are going to have kids you’re going to take a hit in your productivity and that’s just actually fine and normal. And I think if we don’t talk about that then people might say like, oh, I used to be so much better, what happened. And it’s like what happened is you had kids. And so it’s something that every writer goes through when they have a new life in their house.

**Craig:** Yeah. We should acknowledge it impacts women more than men.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** Yet it doesn’t not impact men.

**John:** It’s true. Also in the news this week, everybody is merging. So, Warners and Discovery. They’re going to be combined together. So Discovery is HGTV and Discovery Network and Food Network. A bunch of other what we used to think of as cable channels but are of course just slices of reality programming. They’re going to be merging together. And it looks like Amazon and MGM are also going to combine. So, really Amazon is going to swallow up MGM.

**Craig:** That one is really something else. I got an email earlier this week from Casey Bloys who runs HBO and it basically said, “Hey, just so you know, nothing is going to change in terms of what we’re doing together and everything is cool. Just business as usual. Don’t worry about it.” And I was like, great. What’s he talking about? [laughs] I had no idea what he was talking about.

And so I looked online and then I tried to understand what happened. And I must admit the concept of a corporate spinoff is not necessarily something I have a great grasp on. But what I could get was that AT&T sold Warner Bros, the whole Warner Bros conglomeration to Discovery but also still owns most of it. I don’t understand. They own like 70% but Discovery is in charge of it? Maybe that’s what it means?

**John:** Well I think it’s just like if they both extended pseudo pods towards each other and the pseudo pods merged together to form a bigger blob of a company.

**Craig:** I see.

**John:** That is better positioned to take on Disney.

**Craig:** I don’t see at all. [laughs] I don’t understand.

**John:** I think it’s also interesting because the guy who is running Discovery will probably end up running this whole new thing. And even as you said, oh, that’s right you’re making a show for HBO, which is Warners. And I’m making a movie for Warners. And so it’s weird that the Discovery guy is going to ultimately have an impact on sort of both of our lives, which is just weird. And the way that everything is streaming now, it doesn’t matter that I’m making a theatrical movie and you’re making a TV series. It’s kind of all the same.

**Craig:** Well, this seems like a great time to point out how wonderful the guy who runs Discovery is and how much I admire him, or her, and think they’re just beautiful, and handsome, and kind. And don’t take any money out of our budget please. That’s all I’m really asking here.

**John:** Not a bit.

**Craig:** Leave our budget alone.

**John:** What if it turns out that the guy who runs Discovery actually just hates videogames and hates anything post-apocalyptic?

**Craig:** He’s in a weird business. I mean, the Discovery Channel definitely loves everything.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** I don’t know what impact – I suspect that I have always been shielded, like a child, from all of the corporate shenanigans that go on. And so I will never sense what they are in this case either. But the Amazon/MGM thing is startling. Because Discovery has been in business on television for many, many years. Amazon is purely an Internet company and now they own the oldest, I guess, even if it’s not technically old, it feels like the oldest film company in our business. This historic Hollywood studio that lately – and when I say lately I mean in the last 20 years – was really more of just a distribution channel for James Bond movies and not much else.

**John:** And Creed. But yeah. Rocky.

**Craig:** And Rocky. It had things it did, but mostly it was kind of living off of the library. And it is kind of startling that the lion going roar is now owned by Amazon.

**John:** Yeah. So in my time in Hollywood it’s always been a thing with MGM is like who owns the MGM library. The asset was really the MGM library which would keep getting shuttled around from place, to place, to place. I have no idea what MGM actually owns of their library at this point. Amazon gets the Bond movie. They get other things and potential things they can remake. And again it’s always about streaming. So they get more stuff for Amazon Prime Video which is how they make their money in the entertainment industry.

**Craig:** And how – so MGM released Wizard of Oz.

**John:** Yes.

**Craig:** But Wizard of Oz is controlled by Warner Bros because of some strange real estate transaction that occurred in the ‘80s I believe.

**John:** Yeah. I’m not sure how that all happened. But it has done very well by me, so I’m happy it happened.

**Craig:** Yeah. I feel like Warner Bros owned some sort of bit of real estate that Columbia – remember the whole thing when Sony bought Columbia and then they put those two guys in charge and it was a train wreck? And one of the things they did was try and get back some real estate from Warner Bros and trade it at MGM. Something crazy happened. I don’t understand it.

This episode should be called Craig Doesn’t Know How Business Works.

**John:** But at some point we should talk about LA real estate and the entertainment industry because it is so fascinating how much LA has been shaped by where those studios were placed originally and how the failure of Cleopatra is why we have Century City.

**Craig:** That’s right. And furthermore a studio that no longer exists like Fox, because Fox was purchased by Disney and is controlled by Disney mostly, that – my guess is that the real estate–

**John:** Oh my god. Worth so much.

**Craig:** Is worth more than Fox. That’s really the big prize there is the land. Because you can put at this point now soundstages – people just stick them out wherever. Like Santa Clarita, which is about an hour north of where you live, they got a whole bunch of soundstages up there because land is cheap. But Paramount and Fox and Sony, that land is invaluable.

**John:** Yeah. So at some point we’ll bring somebody on who can tell us about the actual history of the land in Los Angeles and how the studios shaped it. It feels a little bit more like some other person’s podcast, but we can do it.

**Craig:** You know what? It probably is. Maybe we’ll go on their show.

**John:** Yeah, that’s what we’ll do.

**Craig:** I’ll be just as unprepared.

**John:** All right. I want to talk about free will. And so the reason that this came up in my brain–

**Craig:** Do you want to talk about free will or do you have to talk about free will?

**John:** That’s really the question. Was it always predestined that we were going to talk about free will in this episode and that you’d be 15 minutes late because you confronted by production concerns? What got me thinking about it was this article I read by Oliver Burkeman in The Guardian and it’s really looking at this issue that philosophers have been grappling from the very start and now increasingly because of modern science they realized like, oh, you know what, free will probably is not quite what we think it is. And by free will let’s talk about sort of defining our terms. Free will being the ability for a person to make their own choices. To have agency. To decide what they’re going to do. That they’re not being forced to do a thing.

The problem comes from our understanding of physics and science these days is that things don’t just happen kind of spontaneously. There’s always a past event that sort of anticipated what’s happening next. And there’s just the billiard balls banging through the universe, except on a very small quantum level you can kind of always predict what’s going to happen.

**Craig:** Right. This is one of those great college chats. I sometimes think that it’s a bit of a pointless discussion because in the end we don’t know and we can’t know. But I side generally with the people who say we do not have free will as we understand free will. Because I literally don’t understand how free will could possibly exist.

**John:** Yeah. Where you are an independent agent who at this moment can make any choice you want to make because there’s nothing behind that.

**Craig:** Well, right, because I don’t understand how choices can be made without precursors. And we are nothing – I mean, when we try and analyze what consciousness is we really stumble around in the dark because we’re asking a microscope to stare at itself. So, just observer error is baked in. And we want to believe we have free will because we’re experiencing it, but that doesn’t mean it’s correct.

The fact that there are optical illusions should tell us everything we need to know about the accuracy of our brains.

**John:** Yeah. So there’s different levels of sort of how much people believe in free will on a philosophical level. And there’s people who truly think that we can do anything at any point. They’re kind of falling out of favor because that’s clearly not the case.

**Craig:** Right.

**John:** There are strict determinists who say, no, literally you are on rails this entire time. You are not making any choices. And then there’s some compatibilism which is basically yes but it’s also – you can say that free will is an illusion, but it’s a common illusion to a lot of our other experiences. And like consciousness is an illusion. We recognize that what we experience from the outside world is not really the outside world. And that we are constantly living in this – it’s not even a simulation, it’s just like we are trying to synthetize a bunch of outside forces and it’s not really what’s happening outside of us.

**Craig:** Correct. The world that we see is not the world at all.

**John:** So that’s the struggle for us in the real world, but let’s talk about it in terms of people who really have no choice which are the characters in the stories we write, which is really what I want to focus on today. Because one of the struggles we have as screenwriters is we want to create characters who feel like they are making valid choices. That they are in a real world and that their choices have impact. But of course as creators we know they really don’t because we are limiting the choices they could make. We are basically making the choices for them and trying to make it seem like they’re making their own choices themselves. It’s like a very talented sleight of hand magician who says like pick a card, any card, but of course they are forcing you to take a specific card.

**Craig:** That’s exactly what we’re doing. It is that principle of magic. We are forcing cards. So, the trick to a lot of magic is convincing people that they are really choosing from a bunch of things. And that is what we do with our characters. We need the audience to believe, and we have to give the audience evidence that our characters have real choices to make.

And that means we have to bait those traps. We have to make them tempting. We have to make them reasonable. We have to allow the audience to experience a kinship with the character so they imagine themselves in that position and can feel what it’s like to be torn between two options. Even as the audience understands which of those will be chosen. And that’s the fascinating part to me.

We know what they’re going to do. We know what they’re going to choose in certain genres. But we still feel like maybe they won’t.

**John:** All right. Let’s zoom back and take a look at creating a story when we’re at sort of the whiteboard stage of the index card stage. And we need to make it feel like our protagonists are actually making choices that impact the world. And what are some of the things we’re going to do to set that character up for success and make it feel like they are making choices that are valid.

We talk a lot about where is this character coming from, what is the origin, what do they want. Really we’re kind of trying to decide what is a want to give that character that will help drive the story.

**Craig:** Yeah. And so the want generates a single sort of choice that you would imagine, right? I want that guy. So I just want to choose a guy. But then what do we have to do as screenwriters, we have to fire all of these other choices at that person to muddle their minds. We have to distract them. We have to pull them off the path.

There is of many, many Thief of Baghdad remakes there was one – I talk about this all the time. I just, maybe I’m wrong, maybe it wasn’t the Thief of Baghdad, but it was definitely a movie where there was a treasure cave and they had to go get something at the end of the treasure cave, it was the best treasure of them all. And the trick was you have to stay on the path to that treasure. But the cave would show you illusions on either side of the path and if you fell into that temptation and stepped off the path you would turn to stone. And so the place was full of treasure and statues.

**John:** Yeah. Aladdin has a similar kind of thing in the Cave of Wonders.

**Craig:** There you go. And so this is our job is if the choice is simple, I want that guy, then my job as a screenwriter is to show you different guys. My job is also to have somebody lie to you about the guy you want so that you don’t want that guy. This is what we do. We confuse and muddle and therefore create frustration in the audience. That frustration will ultimately be released. We want to see, just like when we go to a magic show we want to see the magician succeed. Also we want to see them fail. So it’s like they have to give us the sense that they are really struggling. That’s part of the showmanship. So that when they finally do pull it out you’re like, “Yes!”

**John:** Now, what you’re describing in terms of throwing other choices at that character and other options is valid, but if we just did that then it would seem like – you’d feel the heavy hand of the writer.

**Craig:** Yes.

**John:** Because you’d feel like, oh, all this stuff is being thrown at them and they’re not actually proactively making choices. And so you’re also doing this thing where you’re looking at it from their point of view and it’s like, OK, what are reasonable things that that character could do in this moment? If they have their overall goal of getting that guy, what are their next strategies? What are their next tactics for what are they going to do next?

And so you’re trying to balance this like what is their overall thing, what would they actually realistically do next. And how do you set up those next choices in a way that moves your story forward but also feels valid for the characters, so it doesn’t feel like that character is just on rails.

**Craig:** And in this sense we are creating a maze. And there are lots of different ways to get to the end of the maze. It’s a very good thing as a screenwriter to lead your character into a place where you’re not quite sure how they’re going to get back towards where they’re going.

You allow three different doors and you imply that only one door is accurate or good, and the other two are doomed. But you know of course they’re not. As a DM when I’m DMing and you guys are playing you’re not on rails. You can do anything. And I know that I have to get you from A to B. Everything that happens in between A and B can be as squiggly and as backwards moving as we want. Moving away from things. Being inefficient in your path. These are all ways that we create the illusion of free will.

Especially when a character is choosing something that clearly is not going to move them toward their goal.

**John:** Absolutely. So D&D is essentially a conversation. Yes, you may have a map that you’re looking at, but it’s essentially a conversation about what choices are our player characters going to make. But I’m thinking back to fantasy videogames and so often you recognize that it feels like you can go anywhere. And really you can at any moment. I could go over there, go in this direction. But if you actually look at level design those levels are designed in very clever ways that like, OK, there really is one path through this. And it looks like you could go anywhere, but ultimately you’re going to go one way through. So how things are sloped, where you can walk, where you can’t walk, what doors are open, what doors are not open.

There is generally a linear path through that and careful level design makes it feel like you don’t sort of see the path, but it’s just there. And that really is what we’re talking about in terms of the whiteboard stage of a movie is that you’re doing level design. So there’s really one path the character is going to take through the story, and yet they’re not aware of it, and the audience is not aware that they were locked to that path.

**Craig:** And we can mess with the path. We can create gates. And in stories if it seems like there’s too direct of a path towards what the character will want through their will then you put a gate up. And the gate swings on a test. So, if you need to get – if you want that job and we say like if you work hard you get the job, well just work hard. Work hard for five minutes and you’ll get the job. In the movie it doesn’t work that way. The problem is there is a gate and that’s the person who already has the job.

Now, what do we do to move that person out of the job? And in D&D there may be a real simple, boring path that would cheat you guys of the story. And usually there’s a gate. There’s something that’s blocking you. And sometimes there isn’t. And sometimes you actually can just sort of go really fast and usually if you get through something really fast you should feel a sinking sense that perhaps you should not have wished for this. That there is something even worse – there is a punishment for essentially not having to work for what you want.

It’s punishing you for not exercising enough free will or enough illusion of free will.

**John:** Yeah. So let’s talk about those gates or really decision points, decision tree points, and it’s making sure that when a character hits one of those moments it really does feel like a choice. That the choice was not so predestined that like, well, of course they’re going to take this way. That there actually are pros and cons to both things. And there’s a cost to taking either version. And that’s something you do hopefully think about on the whiteboard version, but really as you get into scenes that’s where you have to be clever about how you’re communicating what the choice really is. And so that we actually see that character making the choice.

It may not be dialogue. It may literally be they can pursue her or not pursue her, or decide what they’re going to do. But we need to believe they actually could decide not to do that thing. And most times we’re going to want them to take an action versus not take an action, because we want to see characters actively engaging in their environment. But, we have to believe they could just sit there.

**Craig:** Yes. And we can also emphasize the character’s inherent misperception of reality. It makes us feel like they have free will when they make a choice and within a scene they realize that they had misunderstood even what the choices were and therefore they reverse course and make a different choice. Or they stop in their path and question whether or not they should continue. Those kinds of things, those confusions, begin to mimic the way we move through real life. We may think we have free will because when we start the day we literally don’t know what’s going to happen next. We have some theories. And our characters have theories.

It’s important to give a character a theory.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** When they go into a scene they should have a theory of how it should go. An expectation. And then our job as screenwriters is to either reinforce that expectation so much that the character becomes paranoid that people are messing with them, or subvert the expectation in some way so the character has to figure out what to do next. Otherwise, you just end up with a boring day at the office.

**John:** Absolutely. So we want characters to have some sort of agenda. Basically you say expectation. Agenda would be a more proactive way of like this is how they see these things going. And we get to mess with them and interrupt their agenda. But just as important that we believe the protagonists are capable of making their own choices. We want to believe that the people surrounding the protagonists also have free will. That they actually could do things and they’re not just there to service that protagonist.

And when I see bad writing I often encounter characters, I don’t believe that they’re real because I don’t think they would do that thing that is just there to help our story. That it’s just there to provide an obstacle or provide support to our protagonist. You want to write these characters in a way that makes it feel like they could have not done that. They could have gone somewhere else. They didn’t have to say that thing.

And that’s one of the trickiest things to do in scene work sometimes is that you’re trying to make the scene efficient and also feel real and reality is not efficient.

**Craig:** Correct. Reality is a big old mess. And it’s confusing. If we think about The Matrix which is about free will as much as it is about anything, one way of looking at that movie is to think of the Oracle character as the Wachowskis. The Oracle is the screenwriter. If I put myself in a movie, me, Craig, as the writer in a movie that I’m writing and I’m sitting there and a character walks in I know everything. I know what’s happened. And I know what’s going to happen.

Also, I have total confidence that if that character says, “Am I the one?” And I say, “Uh, you’re not, sorry.” That they’re going to believe me and that that’s what they needed to hear. But I also know that that’s going to lead to them being free to do certain things because they no longer have the burden of feeling like they’re the one, so they’re going to start to do things, and thus they will be the one which they must be because I’ve written it.

And that’s the fun of that investigation. That you say to somebody, “You see this world you’re living in? You don’t have free will in this world. You’re actually part of a massive computer simulation,” which we all are anyway. “We’re going to show you the real world.” Except when you’re in the real world you’re also in a simulation. You’re in a freaking movie. And that’s the fun of it is that once you envelope people in the quirkiness and the backwards motion and the confusion they forget that it’s entirely determined.

The people with the least free will are the people we write. We literally chose everything for them. But it seems like they’re doing it. Isn’t that fun?

**John:** It is fun. And so we are creating these characters. We’re doing these things that we’re telling them to do. And it’s being played by actors who are reciting the lines that we wrote for them and having the whole scene being controlled by a director who is following our script but also following their own instincts. So, there’s so many levels of unreality being forced upon this.

And the fact that we can watch these stories and sort of believe and sort of accept them as being real is a testament to craft and our brains and sort of how art works. Basically even recognize that you’re seeing a simulation, you enjoy the simulation and it feels real to you because you can imagine yourself being in that situation.

**Craig:** Yeah. And when you’re writing these things, if you can try and surprise yourself then the odds are that the illusion of free choice/free will will be stronger. And of course we can’t really surprise ourselves because, again, it’s all determined. But if it feels like in your mind things are sort of unfolding in a fairly obvious, pat way, just try and throw something at it. See if you can – just surprise yourself. What would this person do that would be entirely unexpected?

Particularly if it feels like the scene you’re writing is something you’ve seen, or felt a lot. What do you do to make it different? And that will help also.

Because if you’re watching something and you think, oh, I’ve seen this scene quite a few times, the free will of it all kind of gets exploded. You just – it’s gone. Because those people are just copies.

**John:** Yeah. You’re watching a magic trick that you already know how the magic trick works because you’ve seen it a zillion times and it’s just not interesting anymore. There’s no surprise. Even if it’s really efficiently done, I can only see that magic trick a certain number of times to say like I don’t quite know how that magic trick works, but I know it’s a thing, and it’s just not interesting to me anymore.

**Craig:** Exactly.

**John:** All right. So, in no part of our conversation about free will have we talked about three-act-structure and hitting plot points and how movies are supposed to work. And how official guidelines for sort of how things should be structured. And that’s sort of by design because I feel like structure as you often read in screenwriting books feels like it’s just – like here’s how you build the rails to sort of bring a character through a movie. This is how movies work. Put them on this track. And we’re arguing against that.

Yes, there probably is going to be a track and you’re going to build that track. But if you just are using somebody else’s track it’s not going to work. It’s not going to feel real.

**Craig:** Yeah. Those things are, as I’ve said, I think I said in my How to Write a Movie episode, those things are post-mortems. They are not guides for creating new life. They are simply excellent – sometimes – excellent analyses of dead bodies. They are things that already happened. They’re taking them apart and showing you, look, this connects to this and this connects to this. Has no relation to creation as far as I’m concerned. None.

And if you follow those things you will have something that looks kind of like a person, or it seems kind of like a movie, but really it’s just a boring kind of copy of stuff.

**John:** Yeah. Now, you may have started your interest in screenwriting by reading one of those books and at this point you may be questioning like, wow, do I even want to be a screenwriter, because what John and Craig are saying feels kind of unapproachable and sort of just how am I supposed to do all of these things at once. And I want to segue our conversation from looking at free will for characters to free will for screenwriters. Because a thing I think we don’t talk about enough on the show is it’s OK to not be a screenwriter.

**Craig:** Yeah.

**John:** And I’m reading this book by Adam Grant called Think Again. And one of the points he makes in the book is that so often people pick a career, pick an interest, and sort of like double down on that interest without ever giving themselves permission to sort of question whether like, wow, is this even a thing I really like?

**Craig:** Yeah.

**John:** And I think we need to give people more permission to say like you can enjoy us talking about screenwriting. It’s absolutely fine if you don’t want to be a screenwriter yourself at all. Or never write a scene. That’s OK.

**Craig:** 100%. And similarly it’s OK if you are a screenwriter and want to stop.

**John:** Yup.

**Craig:** Dennis Palumbo who was with us on Episode 99 – feels like we’re due to have him back, right?

**John:** We should.

**Craig:** Oscar-nominated screenwriter. And now therapist. And he’s been a therapist for many, many years. And one of the areas of his practice is aside from helping writers navigate through their lives, he also specializes in mid-life career changes, which can be traumatic for people because it violates this concept we have vocation. Vocation as in a calling. You are called by some higher power to do something. And then at some point you realize, wait, I don’t like it that much. Or, I don’t know if I’m actually that good at this. Or, I’m good at it, and I like it, but I want to try something new.

All of these things can be very disruptive and it’s OK to go through that process of disrupting these things. If you are pursuing the path of being a screenwriter and it’s not going anywhere you are bombarded with these messages of “don’t quit.” Don’t be a quitter. And persistence. That’s the key is persistence.

**John:** That’s what it is. Yeah.

**Craig:** I don’t know if persistence is the key. I’ve got to be honest. I don’t know if it is.

**John:** Yeah. There’s a concept that’s in Adam Grant’s book, I don’t know if he created it or if he pulled it from someplace else called Identity Foreclosure. And that’s when you fixate on one vision of yourself, or who you’ll become to the exclusion of all other ones.

**Craig:** That’s great.

**John:** And it’s a thing that I see happening a lot in my daughter. Our kids are 15/16 and they get really – they go through phases where it’s like I’m going to be a rocket scientist. I’m going to be this. I’m going to be – and it’s so completely natural, but so unhelpful because it’s not asking the right question. It’s not asking the question like what are you really interested in. It’s thinking like, oh, I will do this job because then I’ll be this and I’ll make this much money and then I will be happy. And ultimately they’re getting to like they want to feel satisfied and happy and secure but they’re focusing on the job rather than what they actually would want to be doing on a daily basis.

**Craig:** And this is not new.

**John:** No.

**Craig:** When you and I were children they called it an Identity Crisis and I was always told teenagers go through identity crises where they are like who am I and what am I supposed to be. And I always felt like what a strange question who am I. I’m me. What other options are there?

But there is this desire to define yourself because if you do it’s like I’m finished. I’m completed. I no longer have to feel like I’m free falling or failing at things or grasping for who I am. It’s so much simpler to just say I am blank. This identity foreclosure has extended beyond just the notion of career. It’s also extending to notions of who we are in terms of our gender and in terms of our sexuality. I see my child’s generation grasping to immediately foreclose their identity because they can, whereas it used to be you couldn’t. And now you can. So this is a new area where they’re sort of like clamping down and at 15 saying I am this, or I am that.

And, of course, humans are, A, more fluid than that, and B, you’re still pretty young. So I think for a lot of people things are super clear because they are, and they’re factual. And for other people they’re still figuring it out. But the notion of foreclosing the possibilities is fascinating. I think that’s exactly right. And it’s a great thing to urge people to, as we would say to our son all the time, you have to sit in the discomfort of uncertainty. And that is very hard for people. It’s hard for a lot of people, especially if they’re neuro-atypical. But it’s hard for all of us to sit with the discomfort of uncertainty.

**John:** One of the things that can be helpful is to really plan for an audit. Basically twice a year to sit down and say, OK, what am I doing? Do I like what I’m doing? Is there something else I might enjoy more? And doing that might actually help you think rather than giving up something, like oh, I’m going to give up trying to be a screenwriter or give up trying to be a basketball player. Really think about affirmatively choosing something else you want to try. And not to think about it as a thing you’re going to be, but a thing you want to do. Because you can’t change – on many levels you can’t change who you are, but you can change what you’re actually doing on a daily basis, overall sort of what your activities are. And really think about it that way.

And so if you were to decide I’m not enjoying screenwriting, or I don’t think screenwriting is the thing for me, great. But if you can phrase that in terms of like I want to spend the time I used to be thinking about screenwriting in this other thing that I am more interested in, that’s great. To affirmatively choose something else rather than giving something up can be a useful way of making those tough choices.

**Craig:** And I think also it’s helpful, although scary, to admit that you are not in control. That the choices you make about yourself, the theories of what you think you want are not always accurate because, again, no free will. And that the world will collide with you in ways you cannot imagine and you cannot predict. And when that happens things change. And they change dramatically. When you look back at your own life, which you and I can now do and actually see five decades, man–

**John:** A lot happened.

**Craig:** Yeah. It certainly wasn’t planned. And you have to be ready for those things. I think the saddest thing that could happens is if you are so rigid in your identity foreclosure out of fear of uncertainty that when a collision occurs you do not allow it to change you, or you do not allow yourself to adapt and consider reforming your relationship with the world and reality because of what just occurred. That’s sad.

**John:** This is advice that’s been given a zillion times on this podcast, but it can be helpful to think of yourself as the protagonist in the story of your life. And so if you think about sort of you as that central character and the choices you get to make, maybe it’s time to pull out the whiteboard a little bit and say like, OK, where am I going? What is the story I’d like to be on? And that story you’re on may not be sort of where you’re at and think about sort of how might want to get to the story of the heroic journey that you’d prefer to be on. It feels like a time to be doing that.

**Craig:** Yeah. And just like we, screenwriters, when we throw things at characters we do it so they react.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** I mean, if you throw a bunch of stuff at a character and they never react and they just keep turning away for 90 minutes, boo.

**John:** Not good.

**Craig:** Don’t be that boring character.

**John:** All right. It’s time for our listener questions. But before we get to our listener questions I’m curious, Megana Rao, our producer, does any of this spark for you? Because you’re a person who changed careers. You started at Google and then you came over to work for us here. Does this resonate for you at all?

**Megana Rao:** Yeah. Something that I was also thinking about as you guys were talking is that no matter how much you research or job shadow it’s really hard to know what the reality of a certain experience is going to be like before you try it. Maybe you love film. You love screenwriting. And you love the craft of it all. But the weight that comes along with the industry of Hollywood is unappealing to the point that it outweighs your passion.

I mean, you just couldn’t have known that until you put yourself in that position. And I think about all the identities that I foreclosed on before I could pursue this dream and looking back I can thread together the aspects and how I got here. You know, I thought I was going to be a doctor, and then I thought I would work in tech for the rest of my life. And those were really difficult paths to turn away from because all of these external signals were validating my choices. But ultimately it wasn’t right for me and I don’t know how I could have come to those conclusions until I explored them as options. So, I would just say that trying – the act of pursuing something and putting yourself out there is really hard and if you realize it’s not quite right, congratulations for trying, and have some grace for yourself as you figure out what you want to do next.

**Craig:** That is really interesting. Particularly the doctor part, because you and I are basically the same person. And I was in the same spot. And I’m wondering, Megana, if you had the same feeling I did. Because I didn’t – I liked medicine. I liked the notion of it. And a lot of it still fascinates me to this day. But did you have a moment where you suddenly just thought “I’m not like those people and I don’t know why?” What was the moment where you realized, ooh, I think I should be doing something else?

**Megana:** That’s interesting. I feel like in the question of free will I never felt like I had free will because everyone I knew was basically a doctor.

**John:** Having read your script, you’re also the child of immigrant doctors.

**Megana:** Exactly. Exactly.

**Craig:** Yes.

**John:** So no free will for you.

**Craig:** No. No free will for all the little Indian and Jewish children. That’s just how it is.

**Megana:** But the thing that I was interested in being a doctor was just people’s stories and talking to them. And when I think about how my dad is as a doctor I was like, oh OK, that is a very different approach to what this field actually is like. And the science aspect of it, like I like science and I think it’s cool, but it was never like oh that is what gets me going in the morning.

**Craig:** Right. So you were on a path and one day you realized I don’t have to be on this path.

**Megana:** Yeah. And I think I also realized I think in some ways I’m too sensitive to be a doctor. Because you have to be able to detach a little bit. And I’m not very good at that.

**John:** Yeah. Because all it takes is one “yup” from me and you’re questioning all your choices. [laughs]

**Craig:** This is why I think Megana you would have been a brilliant pathologist because they’re already dead.

**John:** Let’s see if we can help some of our listeners out with questions they have. Megana, can you start us off?

**Megana:** All right. So Jamie in Maryland asks, “I’ve had a situation come up a few times that I’ve never really gotten clarity on. I’ve had scripts optioned and been hired to rewrite. The complication arises when that script falls out of the option period but it’s been rewritten, and in most cases by me. Going forward, now that the material is back in my hands what do I own? And I don’t own the rewrite work how can I possibly forget improvements I may have made? Or what if I get similar notes from a producer who options the script in the future?

“I can’t really say, no, the old company owns that. What are the rules for dealing with this?”

**John:** This is a really good question. And Craig and I, we don’t write a lot of specs, and so we’ve not had this happen where we’ve optioned stuff out. So I ended up asking a lawyer friend about who deals with this a lot. And it’s actually more complicated than I would have guessed.

Let’s first start by talking about what an option is. Craig, can you remind us what an option is?

**Craig:** Well, an option is a payment to you, the writer, that says that producer who pays you the option has the exclusive right to arrange for the sale of that script to a studio and there’s a baked in price usually for what the price will be. And it lasts for about a year or so. And they give you some money for it. It could a dollar. It could be a lot. It’s not like a WGA thing because we haven’t been employed.

And then when that time is over the option ends.

**John:** And so in a vacuum you would get that script and it’s exactly the same script that you optioned to them, and so you still control copyright and it’s just entirely yours. Now the complication is generally they’ll option that script but then they will hire you, probably under a WGA contact, as a work-for-hire to do some rewriting work on that script. And that’s where it gets complicated.

So let’s say you make some changes to the script and improve it. And the option lapses. You get your original script back, but you don’t automatically get all the rewrites that you did back. And so if there’s things you changed that are not part of that, that is still owned by them, because they own that copyright on those rewrites because of work-for-hire.

So, it does happen some and here’s the advice I got from my lawyer friend on this situation. In your initial contract for the rewriting you could have had a clause in there saying that you get the rewrites back or for a certain fee at the end of this. That’s a thing that could happen.

More likely what’s going to happen is as the option lapses, and if you do want that stuff, you talk to them. And they may ask for all that money that they gave you for the rewrite back. They may ask for some percentage of that. More often what happens is that when you go to set something up someplace else, like you’re going to sell this script to someplace else, you then negotiate to sort of get that stuff back in. Or you put it as part of a – if you’re selling it to someplace else in that contract to sell it to this second company at the start of production there’s a payment made to the first place to get all that stuff back.

Here’s why you do that. Is because you can say like, oh, well yes, you had that idea to make those changes, but I also had that idea to make the changes and I did it slightly differently. It’s still copyright law and it’s still very clear that you had access to all the material. So, you could be in a lawsuit situation. Rarely. But it could happen.

**Craig:** Yeah. So, Jamie, the inflection point here is when you say hired to rewrite. You get hired. It’s a work-for-hire. So the person that’s hired you to rewrite, the person that optioned the script now owns that rewrite. They own it. They’re the writer. They are the legal author of that.

So, you can’t really undo that. Writing screenplays and developing screenplays is like cooking. So you should them a dish and they’re like, great, now I’m going to pay you money to take that and turn it into a stew. And you do. How do you un-stew a stew? It’s really not possible. You can go somewhere else and say I’ve made something new. It’s not the first thing I showed them, it’s something in between this and a stew. And then the people who own the stew are like, uh, you got stew elements in that.

So, my advice if at all possible is to not get paid to rewrite an optioned script. That sounds a little crazy, but hear me out. Your script is optioned. That means you own the copyright. They just have the exclusive right to shop it. Hold on. And if they want a rewrite, if they’re giving you advice on how to make it better and you agree, just say great, I’m going to do that on my own. And you can option that. But don’t give me money and employ me to do it. Because the most important thing you can have when a studio is interested in your script is ownership of it. And I can’t imagine the amount of money that they’re giving you to rewrite is as significant as the amount of money a studio will pay if they really want that script.

So if you can try and keep copyright all the way through until a real studio wants it. And then you give it away.

**John:** So, the con to that is that there may be reasons why, A, you need that money, or that money may actually get you into the WGA, or sort of keep you active in the WGA.

**Craig:** Yes. Yes.

**John:** So, there may be reasons to take that deal.

**Craig:** Yes.

**John:** But I agree with Craig in that if it’s sort of a shopping agreement, if you keep control over everything that’s kind of ideal. Ultimately what we’re talking about is how did the option lapse. What is the end of that relationship like? And if the end of that relationship is good, and they want to still keep working with you on other stuff you’re going to have a better negotiating what you’re going to do with the rewrite stuff you did for them before. And really the best case scenario might be just a lien against that script for – if it goes into production they’ll pay you whatever money that was owed.

**Craig:** Right.

**John:** That’s fine and that’s reasonable. But it’s a good question to ask and I agree with Craig that if you’ve written this material and you can control this material it’s generally worth it to keep control for as long as you can.

**Craig:** Agreed.

**John:** Cool. Megana, what you got next for us?

**Megana:** All right. Maya asks, “I’m an up and coming writer that just got out of grad school. My program sent out loglines to industry folks and a manager who is now interested in reading my script. Problem is, it’s not ready. How much time do I have? Is it a bad look if I send in my script after a month of them asking for it? I just want to make the best first impression possible and I know that if I send my script right now that first impression is going down the drain.

“Should I let them know I need more time and expect my script in a month? Or should I just not reply until my script is ready? What I’m trying to ask, is there any leniency in this process or am I basically screwed?”

**Craig:** Aw.

**John:** I like that Maya’s default position is everything is terrible. Maya, you’re not screwed.

**Craig:** No.

**John:** My instinct is to send an email and say like, oh my god, I’m so excited you want to read this script. I’m in the middle of a rewrite on it now and I can’t wait to show you the next version.

**Craig:** This is one of those areas where if you could only imagine how little other people are thinking about you it would blow your mind.

**John:** Yes.

**Craig:** You know, like someone is like, huh, that’s an interesting logline. I’m interested in reading that. That’s literally all it is. Then they forget. They move on. Now the next thing they’re worried about is lunch. And what they’re not doing every day is waking up going, “Where the hell is Maya’s script? Where is it? I said I wanted it. Where is it?”

And similarly if you send kind of along Hamlet-like email, like I’m so sorry, I do, but I don’t, but I don’t know. They’re going to be like, “What? What are you talking about man? Also, who is this?” It doesn’t matter.

Here’s what matters. You’re going to send a script and they’re going to read it and they’re going to either like it or they don’t. A logline means nothing. I think we’ve said that a billion times on this show. You’ve certainly intrigued them with the idea. What they’re really saying is if that script is good that would be good. As opposed to if that script is good I still wouldn’t care because I don’t want anything about that topic.

So, there is no reason for you to rush something out that you don’t think is ready. Nor is there any reason for you to fret or sweat or freak out every day that you’re taking too long because they’re sitting there tapping their fingers on the table going, “It’s Maya o’clock. Where’s my script?” Just relax your body, you know, waggle your head around. Take some deep breaths. Don’t tell them you need more time or anything like that. Just send the script. And when you do say, “You might remember that you were interested in this logline. Here’s the script.” And then they’ll go like, oh yeah. Oh yeah.

That’s it. Simple as that.

**John:** So my argument for sending the email now is, again, to be very, very short but saying like, hey, I’m so excited for you to read this. I’m doing a rewrite. I’m going to send it to you. It might remind them that like, oh, that’s right, I did read that thing. So that when they get it a month from now they’ll remember sort of what it was.

**Craig:** Sure. That seems reasonable.

**John:** But it should be nothing more than that. And you should not fret about it. But also I think sending that email will light a little fire under you to actually really get that work done. Because nothing helps a writer more than having promised it to somebody.

**Craig:** I think that’s true. You have a certain accountability. Yes, you can send a little short email that’s just like, great, thanks so much. I will send you the script as soon as it’s finished.

**John:** Yeah. One more question, Megana. What do you got for us?

**Megana:** OK, Bill from Dallas asks, “I have a question about child screenwriting prodigies, specifically where the heck are they? We’ve got pre-teen violinists who can play with professional skill, young mathematicians who can solve problems at graduate college levels. And of course plenty of chess prodigies. So where are the screenwriters? Where is that 10-year-old kid topping the Black List and clinking glasses with the finalists of Nicholls? Are we just not finding them? Or are there really zero out there? If the latter is true, why?”

**John:** So I’m going to find this Ben Stiller sketch from The Ben Stiller Show a zillion years ago where they had this young child prodigy director. And the line I remember from it is, “My movie is called Horses are Pretty because horses are pretty.” And it’s great.

I don’t know why there are not more teenage filmmaker prodigies except that maybe there are prodigies and they’re making TikToks and YouTube videos that are stunning but they’re just not writing screenplays.

**Craig:** There aren’t really novelists prodigies either.

**John:** True.

**Craig:** I think it may be because writing fiction is harder than all the rest of this stuff. Now, I can already hear people going, “What?” Because, you know, that’s pretty braggy. Like a bunch of guys writing movies about cars smashing into each other and people over there with Fields medals in math are like, “Are you serious? I’m unraveling the fabric of the universe and you think what you’re doing is harder?” It’s not harder, it’s rarer. How about that?

There are actually fewer working, consistently working, impactful screenwriters than there are mathematicians like that. It’s crazy. I don’t know why. It’s weird. It’s not harder. It can’t be harder. It’s not harder than chess. I’m so bad at chess. John, do you understand how bad I am at chess?

**John:** I believe that you’re bad at chess because I’m bad at chess, too. And I’m smart enough person. I understand how it all works. But I’m just not good at it. My daughter beats me regularly.

**Craig:** Anyone could beat me. I think my dog could beat me. Yeah. But, I don’t know, it’s rare. It just is. And it may be that the neurological components required for writing well, whatever that means, just take way more time. And require way more integration. So, all of the parts of your brain need to be working. And working at a certain level. As opposed to one part that’s just skyrocketing early.

**John:** I think to Amanda Gorman who wrote the amazing poem that was read at the inauguration. And she’s young. She’s not necessarily that young. She’s not a teen prodigy necessarily, but she’s really, really good. But poetry is also a shorter form. And one of the challenges of a screenplay is it’s 100 plus pages and that’s just a lot to manage. There’s a lot to sort of do.

So it’s certainly not impossible for a teenager to understand that and do that. People can write in with examples of like, oh, this is a teenager who did this thing. But even like Lena Dunham who was super young as she started, she wasn’t that young.

**Craig:** No. Poetry is very flexible. You can define it essentially how you’d like. In that regard it’s a little bit like lyrics.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** And my daughter is an up and coming budding songwriter. And she writes really interesting stuff that is getting legitimate attention out there. And she’s lyrically very advanced. But it is a different deal. Because there’s a freedom to it. And that’s the misery of screenwriting and it sort of ties into our main topic is that there isn’t so much freedom to it. You are required to make things function in an interesting way in a fairly rigid format.

And I don’t mean on the page format. I mean just the structure and the reality of what it means to write a two-hour-movie, or a one-hour-episode of television. Or a 30-minute-episode of television. So, my final answer is very rare skill, requires high functioning across all aspects of the brain, including visual imagination, language skills, empathy, IQ, EQ, all of it humming, all at once. As opposed to one area that is like through the roof but could Einstein tell a joke? Eh, I don’t know.

**John:** Einstein’s episode of Friends, his spec Friends, was really disappointing.

**Craig:** Atrocious.

**John:** Just atrocious. Now, I’m sure we have teen listeners. So if you’re a teen listener who has other insights for us please do write in, because we’re curious what you think.

**Craig:** I know what they’re going to be like. “Shut up old guys.”

**John:** Megana, thank you for these questions.

**Craig:** Thank you, Megana.

**Megana:** Thanks guys.

**John:** All right. It is time for our One Cool Things. I have two One Cool Things. Two TV shows to recommend. The first is Hacks on HBO or HBO Max. I don’t even know what the difference is between HBO and HBO Max at this point.

**Craig:** Oh, I can tell you.

**John:** Tell me what the difference is.

**Craig:** I’m so glad you asked. HBO Max is the service that delivers both HBO and other programming. Now, does that sound confusing? It does sound confusing. I’ve been described like HBO, the branded HBO stuff, is on a tab. So, you know, for–

**John:** So Chernobyl is on that tab and The Last of Us will be on that tab.

**Craig:** Chernobyl is on that tab. The Last of Us is on that tab. HBO Max covers a whole other world of programming that is a little bit, like for instance I guess a lot of the – like the DC shows probably are on HBO Max. It’s a very strange thing.

**John:** It’s very strange.

**Craig:** It’s so weird.

**John:** Having watched the pilot episode for Hacks I cannot tell you whether there was the static-y HBO thing before it started, so I can’t tell you if it’s technically an HBO show or it’s just a show that I watched on HBO Max. Regardless, everyone would watch it because it’s really, really well done. This is the show that stars Jean Smart as a Las Vegas comedian who is kind of forced into hiring on a young joke writer and it’s their relationship. And it’s so well done.

It was written by Lucia Aniello, Paul W. Downs, and Jen Statsky. Here’s the reason why I think it’s an HBO show. It looks so expensive. It looks like Succession in terms of like, wow, they spent some real money on that. And I just love that. I mean, I respect people who do a lot with a little, but I also respect when people do just a lot with a lot. And it looks just great. And everything about it is just flawlessly done, so please – I’ve only seen the pilot, but it’s just really good and I can’t wait to watch more episodes of Hacks.

Another show I watched the whole season of this last week was Girls 5eva, which is on Peacock. Do you know the premise of Girls 5eva?

**Craig:** No, this is the greatest. Is it like a girl band kind of thing?

**John:** Exactly. And so it is a 2000s girl band that had sort of one big hit and then broke up, or sort of they never had a second hit. And so it’s following them up 20 years later as they are trying to form the group back again. It stars Sara Bareilles, Renee Elise Goldsberry from Hamilton.

**Craig:** Oh my god.

**John:** Busy Philipps. Paula Pell. The fifth member of Girls 5eva died in a tragic infinity pool accident. And it’s written by Meredith Scardino. Created by her. But it’s under the Tina Fey sort of umbrella. And so it has the 30 Rock-y/Kimmy Schmidt kind of feel and music. Real joke density. Just delightful. So if you enjoy 30 Rock or those kind of shows you really will love Girls 5eva. Great songs throughout.

**Craig:** Well yeah. I mean, Sara Bareilles and Renee Elise Goldsberry, those two alone – I mean, I just watch them sing. So if they’re singing at all I would be thrilled.

**John:** Oh they’re singing a ton. And Sara Bareilles is a really good actor.

**Craig:** Isn’t that fun when that happens?

**John:** It’s so good when someone is from a different field but they can actually – she can act her little heart out.

**Craig:** A little bit like, you know, I think in a couple of weeks there might be an episode of Mythic Quest with another brilliant performance.

**John:** I’m excited to see it.

**Craig:** I’m going to just tease it like this. Craig with hair.

**John:** Oh my gosh. Oh my gosh.

**Craig:** It is so weird. I sent Melissa a picture from the makeup trailer. And I was wearing my mask and so she couldn’t see my whole face, but I just sent a picture of me wearing a mask, but with hair, and she wrote back, “Who is that?” She literally didn’t know it was me.

**John:** Did not recognize her own husband.

**Craig:** Yes. Correct.

**John:** Love it.

**Craig:** And happily she wasn’t like, “Hmm, who is that?” She was like, “Eww. Who is that?”

**John:** Elon Musk treatment there, yeah.

**Craig:** Exactly.

**John:** The hair back.

**Craig:** Well, my One Cool Thing this week is sort of a redo of another one. At one point, I’ve been looking for translation apps because I’m working with a number of folks from other countries. And there’s got to be a really good one. And I was using one I think called Mate, and it was decent. It didn’t quite do a perfect job translating. And it would lose formatting. For instance line breaks and stuff, which was really frustrating.

And I’m so sorry, someone on Twitter, and I cannot find the tweet so I cannot give them credit, but I apologize. If you tweet back again I will give you credit next week. Turned me onto something called Deepl Translator. That’s Deepl Translator.

And like a number of these things there’s a cost if you want to use it fully. It works really well. And I ran a translation by Kantemir Balagov, our Russian director. Because I always feel like translating to Russian that’s a good challenge. And he was like this is really good.

So I’m using Deepl Translator. So if you do have needs for translating. And what I also love about the simplicity of it is, this is very good, you write a bunch of stuff, you want to translate it. You just highlight it and then you do, if you’re on a Mac, Command C twice. That’s all you do. You just do the copy command twice and it automatically brings up a screen and starts translating it. Very good.

**John:** Nice.

**Craig:** Yeah.

**John:** Cool. That’s the future.

**Craig:** The future is now.

**John:** One last request for our Scriptnotes listeners. We have a Wikipedia page like all things on the Internet. There’s a Wikipedia page for Scriptnotes. It’s really out of date. It’s like super, super out of date. And so if people want to take a look at that and bring it a little bit more up to date. I’m going to put links in the show notes to the Scriptnotes index that Megana worked on and also a Scriptnotes guest list that we have. Because I want our Wikipedia page to be just a little bit more up to date. And you’re not really supposed to do it yourself.
And so if you guys want to take that on as a little project that would be great to see our Wikipedia page be a little bit more updated if that’s a thing you like to do. I suspect we have some Wiki editors in our listenership right now.

**Craig:** Oh, yeah. I haven’t looked at it in a long time. Now that you’ve said that it’s just going to be like–

**John:** It’s going to be madness.

**Craig:** Massive vandalism on our Wikipedia page.

**John:** Wikipedia does a pretty good job dealing with vandalism. So I think we have responsible listeners who will do well by us.

**Craig:** We have the best listeners.

**John:** Scriptnotes is produced by Megana Rao, the best producer. It is edited by Matthew Chilelli. Our outro is by Brian Ramos. If you have an outro you can send us a link to ask@johnaugust.com. That’s also the place where you can send longer questions. For short questions on Twitter I am @johnaugust. Craig is there but he just kind of sends gifs, so don’t really ask him any questions.

We have t-shirts. They’re great. You can find them at Cotton Bureau. You can find the show notes for this episode and all episodes at johnaugust.com. That’s also where you find the transcripts. And you can sign up for weekly-ish newsletter called Inneresting which has lots of links to things about writing.

You can sign up to become a premium member at Scriptnotes.net where you get all of the back episodes and bonus segments like the one we’re about to record on the AP exams.

Craig and Megana, thank you guys so much.

**Craig:** Thank you.

**Megana:** Thank you.

[Bonus segment]

**John:** All right, so Craig this last week my daughter took the AP US History exam. And so she had the whiteboard filled with a timeline of all these things. And I recognized some of the names of these events that occurred in US history but I couldn’t tell you what actually happened in them.

I took AP US History and dropped it at the semester mark because I just did not like it. And I ended up finishing it on a tele-course over the summer and enjoyed that much more. I suspect, and you actually promised, that you have strong opinions about the AP exams.

**Craig:** I do.

**John:** Go.

**Craig:** They should be eliminated.

**John:** All right.

**Craig:** They should be eliminated with force. They should be all piled together, put on some sort of space vessel, and shot into the sun. And here is why. AP exams are entirely unnecessary. The initial thought about AP exams was that if you were particularly advanced in a certain topic that you could test out of having to take an introductory class at the college level, which I understand. You’re paying for college. You don’t want to necessarily just sit there in a boring class that is a prerequisite to get to the class you want when it’s already something you already know. That’s all it was meant to be. Just place out of stuff so you could start a little further along in college.

And what it has become in an insane arms race regarding your GPA, your grade point average. Because AP classes, which are classes that are taught to exams, and the AP classes should not exist in my belief, load on bonus points to your grade point average. And this insanity in our nation that every ounce of your existence as a child must be focused to the great prime achievement of getting into “good college” which therefore defines you as a good person and a future success. All of that is nonsense.

It is destroying kids’ childhoods. It’s also destroying the entire concept of what high school education is supposed to be. It’s not supposed to be that. The stress that we are piling on these kids over this AP stuff is insane. Not only do they have to study massive amounts to take these exams and do way more work than they normally would have to basically do extra high school while they’re in high school, they’re also doing 12 other extracurriculars because they’ve got to be well rounded. You’ve got to be well rounded all so that you a group of people sitting in a room somewhere at freaking Dartmouth can go, “Yes, this person is worthy.”

Horseshit. It’s horseshit. Look, if I could wave a magic wand I would eliminate most colleges entirely. OK? Because I think the entire higher education business is largely fraud and a certification Ponzi scheme. But if I can’t do that, and I can’t, then at least give me a want to get rid of the freaking AP exams. Or, if I can’t do that, keep the AP exams, get rid of AP classes, and say to kids if you really do want to advance yourself when you get to college just study on the side at home or over the summer and take this test and then you can. But we’re not giving you anything for your stupid GPA. So stop asking.

And just go back to, oh my god, the highest number you can have for a GPA is 4.0. There you go. We’re done. No more of the valedictorian has a 6.8.

**John:** Now, Craig, does it make you feel any better that colleges and many schools are actually already taking your advice and they are getting rid of AP exams?

**Craig:** It does make me feel better. But it has to happen – OK, so education is largely driven by the major state schools. A little bit by Ivy League schools. But for instance almost everything that happens in the California public school system has to do with the UC system. If the UC system accepts something everybody is funneling towards that. Everybody. And it’s the UC system that has to say we’re not doing this anymore. It’s over. Stop it.

**John:** Yeah. So no more Stand and Deliver for Craig Mazin. He believes that is a false promise, a false goal. That Edward James Olmos should be ashamed of himself.

**Craig:** I don’t know about that because I don’t remember – what was he doing in that? Was he teaching an AP class?

**John:** He taught his high school, he started the first AP Calculus class at his school.

**Craig:** I mean, look, I have a whole problem with the entire genre. Like John Gatins, our screenwriting friend, has a genre.

**John:** Inspiring teacher.

**Craig:** Yeah. I didn’t know that insert, you know, minority could do that. I didn’t know that Latinos could do Calculus. That’s not a genre of movie, but it sort of somehow became one. Like, wow, I didn’t – yes, of course they can. Of course they can. And you should be able to teach anyone calculus. And if kids want to learn regular calculus just teach them calculus. Calculus is enough. Why is there AP Calculus? “Well, it’s extra calculus because I don’t want to have to do regular calculus at college.” Fine, then go do that on your own time.

But this – what we’re doing is we’re putting college into high school. Then what the hell is college for?

**John:** Now, Craig, back when you were in high school did you take AP classes?

**Craig:** When I was in high school I was in a magnet program for medical sciences. So it was like a pre-pre-med program. We didn’t have AP classes. I don’t think we even had them at Freehold High School in New Jersey. What we did have were some specialized classes in topics that were not offered normally, like for instance we had a class in organic chemistry. It was called AP Orgo or anything like that. It was just organic chemistry.

So we did not have AP classes as far as I understood them. I never took an AP exam. What I did was take a few of the SAT achievement tests. Do you remember those?

**John:** Yeah. They’ve gotten rid of those largely, too.

**Craig:** Exactly. All of it nonsense. All of it unnecessary. And I can’t explain how much I’m retroactively angry at the process of being a high school kid with this college insanity looming over me. I’m angry at how happy I was to get into the school I got. I’m angry that they made me happy about it. And I’m not coming from a point of bitterness. Meaning it wasn’t like I got rejected so I’m angry. I didn’t. I got accepted. And it’s wrong.

It’s wrong. The whole thing is wrong. There are wonderful schools out there who teach kids terrific things as young adults in higher education and we don’t know their names because they don’t have marketing budgets or a $500 billion endowment. And so nobody cares about them. They’re just driven to whatever the hell, I don’t know, USC wants.

But why? Why? Why? Why?

**John:** This is not a defense of AP exams.

**Craig:** Oh good.

**John:** But I will talk about my high school experience was I ended up dropping AP US History. I did take AP English. And I learned a lot in AP English, but I think it was just the Honors English class. We read good stuff. We discussed it. Great. And so whether I took the test or not it doesn’t really matter.

**Craig:** Yes.

**John:** I also took AP Spanish Lit, which I think they still offer the test. It was a helpful test for me in that we read a lot of books and I took the test and I did well on it. And it was handy for me to get to college and I already had more than a semester done. And so it really lightened my load. In college let me sort of explore a lot more in college because I didn’t have to – I had so many literature credits going into it that I didn’t have to take certain classes which was great.

So I appreciated that. But I recognize that on this conversation you and I are both like stumbling blindly because we have someone else on the call who has much, much more experience with AP exams. Megana Rao, can you talk to us about your AP experience?

**Megana:** So, I just looked it up and I think I took like 12 or 13 AP classes.

**Craig:** Oh god. No.

**John:** And how do you feel about those AP classes and exams now looking back?

**Megana:** I mean, I agree with so many of Craig’s points, and like College Board and the whole thing is just a racket. But, I really enjoyed taking those classes. And I think at a lot of public schools it gives – just because it is so standardized it gives you a really rigorous curriculum that you might not be getting from your education in certain school districts. And I think like at Harvard they didn’t accept them, but if I were to have gone to Ohio State like I would have started off as I think a spring semester sophomore.

**Craig:** That’s crazy.

**Megana:** I mean, this is a larger conversation about, you know, higher education. But I think that does seem like a good option for people because college is so outrageously expensive. So I think that option of being able to, I don’t know, mitigate that at some level feels like maybe a positive thing.

**Craig:** But look what they’ve done? They’ve created a system where you have to jump through a thousand hoops as a child to then not have to pay them so freaking much because they charge so much. That is so warped.

And by the way, don’t get me wrong, I’m not against honors classes. I’m not against kids if they are at a certain level and they want to learn a little bit more they can. Honors classes are fine. But this thing where there’s any indication whatsoever that taking an honors class is going to move you ahead in college and leap frog you past other things in college is crazy. And the idea that you would get these weighted GPAs, so suddenly grade point averages are in these insane inflated numbers is crazy. And the fact that education, higher education, costs so much that you’re going to beat yourself up as a 16-year-old to try and get a bunch of free things, but you don’t have to pay as much. How about don’t pay them anything?

How about that? How about we shouldn’t even have to go to college? How about that?

**John:** All right. So let’s imagine AP classes go away and look at the pros and cons of that. So obviously from a college level once they’ve admitted you as a student they could just give you a placement test to see like, OK, which physics should you be in, which Spanish should you be in. That’s great and fine. They can absolutely do that. So we’re really not losing much there.

I want to get to Megana’s point which I had not considered but I think is really good is that if you’re looking across the country and different communities, where you have really good high schools or not really good high schools, the AP curriculum actually does give some comfort of like I know that if this student is taking this AP curriculum they’re going to actually at least have this. That they’re actually going to learn this and there’s going to be some kind of rigor, some sort of standardization. It may be too standardized. It may be sort of you’re teaching towards that test, but at least you know these people got this out of it.

And in a country where there’s such wild disparities of educational access and opportunity AP could help arguably to make sure that students have access to a certain kind of rigor that they might not otherwise get in their underfunded schools.

**Craig:** Allow me to rebut.

**John:** Please.

**Craig:** If the school can teach an AP curriculum then it can teach an AP curriculum. Just doesn’t have to call it an AP curriculum. Meaning it’s capable of doing it, therefore it can and should do it. But let’s be honest about the way our system functions. If there is a deal where there’s a specific thing called an AP class that leads to an AP exam that lets you skip ahead then rich kids will always do better. Always. Because they can afford tutors. And because they don’t have to work. They don’t have jobs.

I had a freaking job.

**John:** I had a job, too.

**Craig:** I couldn’t have been in those classes. Like I couldn’t do the things. But, you know, these rich kids – did we talk about, what is it, the Polaris List? Did we talk about that on the show?

**John:** I don’t remember what that was. No.

**Craig:** He’s a kid, he’s a young guy. And he’s put together this list that basically is like every high school in the country, private or public, how many kids did they send to either Princeton, Harvard, or MIT. I believe those are the three that they picked. And it is astonishing. Astonishing. The top ten schools, it’s just like, wow.

So Harvard Westlake. Percentages.

**John:** Or Marlborough. All of those.

**Craig:** It’s a joke. It’s a freaking joke. My school that I went to, this is so good. Because any time there’s a thing like that, they’ll all say we believe in equal access to education and all the rest of it. Somebody pointed out that if say Harvard, or Princeton, why not. I’ll go after my own. Let’s say Harvard or Princeton really was committed to equal opportunity of higher education for everybody in the country what they would do if they were really interested in that is kill themselves. They would dissolve their institutions and take all that money and create a whole bunch of equal opportunity programs spread out across the country.

We’re talking about billions. Billions. Do you know what the Harvard endowment is?

**John:** It’s probably a billion dollars itself.

**Craig:** Oh, I think it’s got to be more.

**Megana:** It’s something like $30 billion or $26 billion or something.

**John:** Oh my god.

**Craig:** $30 billion. $30. Do you see what I’m saying? Like when you really look at it, I know I sound crazy. I know I sound a little like QAnon here. But if you really look at the situation with just a very sober eye there is very little in our country that is as insane and Kafkaesque as the way we are educating our children to a purpose.

And the purpose is getting more education from some place and then when they’re done we go, ha-ha, have fun. With no job. Have fun. You did it. You achieved something. You rode all the way to the top of the rollercoaster and that’s it. You just get to the top and then you fall off and you hit the ground. That’s it.

**John:** Megana, I want to hear what you think about a life without AP classes.

**Megana:** So I do agree with a lot of what Craig is saying. I recently read this tweet that was like Millennials have 4% of the national wealth and I think Gen X had had 9% and Baby Boomers have had like 21% when they were at this stage. And it’s because we have gone through the system and taken on all of this student debt and it has not paid off with the job market that’s been available to us.

But, I will say that, you know, I did not come from one of those feeder schools and I was I think like the first kid maybe from my high school to go to an Ivy League, to go to Harvard. And when you get there and there are all of these kids from super elite prep schools and private schools from all over the world there is something reassuring in being like, OK, well we all took these classes and – like for some of the classes I just read those AP books on my own and then took the test and did well. And I’m not saying, I’m not advocating for AP, but there is something nice about having that standardization that I was able to have confidence that I was stepping up to freshmen year on sort of an equal playing field. And that those resources were easily accessible to me.

**Craig:** I’m like you. I came from the same situation.

**John:** Yeah. I want some clarification here. So, how many AP classes did you have versus tests did you have?

**Megana:** I think I took 10 AP classes and then I took two that I did not have the classes for and I just took the test from reading textbooks.

**John:** OK. So that’s something Craig would argue kind of in favor of to some degree, to be able to prove that on your own you did this thing.

**Craig:** But the problem is that there are far fewer – the AP – let’s call it a ladder to success. That ladder is far narrower for people that come from backgrounds like yours or mine. And it’s why you were the first person to go to Harvard from your school. I don’t know if I was the first person to go to Princeton, but we didn’t send many people to Ivy League schools from my school and we still don’t. Maybe one or two.

And there are dozens, dozens, of kids every year coming from Harvard Westlake. Why? It’s not because they are inherently smarter. It’s because everybody is getting a boost up that ladder. Everybody. This is what happens when you – you extend an opportunity and people game it because the entire thing is set up to be gamed and smart people are always going to figure out ways to mess with it. If the SAT is designed to be a standardized thing that gives everybody the same chance, well putting aside the inherent biases and however the test is created, it’s not an even playing field because now you have tutors. You have the Princeton Review.

If you can pay for the Princeton Review you’re already doing better. If you go to two of those classes and you learn their simple methods of process of elimination and all of that stuff you are already doing better. It’s not – it all gets – by the way, Harvard’s endowment is $41 billion.

**Megana:** Oh my goodness.

**Craig:** Thank you. So, it’s like a small country. And these things that are dangled, if we eliminated all of it, if we just eliminated all of those things and we just said write your application and we’ll take a look, and we expanded the understanding of what a good school is, we’d be vastly better off.

The problem for Harvard or Princeton, and if I worked at one of those admissions offices I don’t know what I would do, because I’m taking in 3% of the applications I receive. How the hell am I discriminating between all of these people? It’s impossible.

**John:** It’s really hard. So I’ve been on Zooms with college admissions things that are organized to sort of talk through what they’re doing. And those admissions offices are on some of those Zooms. And they’ll say, listen, we’re not looking at ACTs or SATs. They’re just looking it up – in both UC schools – Cal State schools and UC schools are not taking SATs or ACTs. They’re not requiring them anymore. And so all of these admissions officers have to look for other things to sort of determine is this kid going to be able to succeed at our school.

They look at grades. They look at where that kid falls in class rankings overall. What activities. And basically – and this sort of feels appropriate for a podcast about something – is what is this kid’s story? Basically how can this kid articulate sort of where they come from and what they’re trying to do? And that’s ultimately what they’re making admissions decisions based on. It’s tough.

**Craig:** I wish they wouldn’t. Because that’s gross. When we take a step back and we think about it, some panel of eight people in a room are examining what my child’s story is? F-off. They don’t know my kid and they’re never going to know my kid from an application. It’s impossible.

The whole concept of it is insane. That’s my point. The whole concept of deciding who belongs here is insane. And the notion of selectivity is kind of insane. I just don’t get it. I don’t. And I will remain forever angry about it.

Oh, and also US News & World Report should go to hell.

**John:** All right. But, the good news is I think we actually have a first candidate for Change Craig’s Mind is like if we can change Craig’s mind on some aspect of the college process then that will be a goal for this. I don’t even know what I want to change him to.

**Craig:** Or anything. Just change it.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** Oh man, I feel bad for that person. Oh, this was a good one. I feel so good. I feel like I exorcised a lot of demons today.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** God, I hope some admissions officer writes in like, “Well, you know, we actually can tell about what a human being is like from their five pages and their dumb essay.” Oh please. Please. Beat it. [laughs] That’s all I have to say.

Thank you for tolerating me through all of that, by the way. You’re both incredibly patient and lovely people.

**John:** Thank you both.

**Craig:** Thanks guys.

**Megana:** Thank you. Bye.

**John:** Bye.

**Craig:** Bye.

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Scriptnotes, Episode 554: Getting the Gang Back Together, Transcript

August 3, 2022 Scriptnotes Transcript

The original post for this episode can be found here.

John August: Hello and welcome. My name is John August, and this is Episode 554 of Scriptnotes, a podcast about screenwriting and things that are interesting to screenwriters.

Today on the show, it is a craft compendium. We are going back to previous segments, in which we talk about how to work with groups of characters. We’ll be looking at how pairs or groups of characters can work on separate pieces of the puzzle, then come together at the end, how to manage different storylines and the dynamics in smaller breakout groups, and how we capture the feeling of community and chemistry between multiple characters.

Our guide in this process is Megana Rao, who is not only a Scriptnotes producer but also a listener. Megana, help us out. Where are we starting?

Megana Rao: We’re starting on Episode 360, called Relationships. Craig often talks about how the most important thing is the central relationship in this story.

John: Not one character, but the relationship between those two characters.

Megana: Exactly. It’s not about the main character. It’s about who that main character’s central relationship is with. In this segment, you guys first of all talk about how to set up characters and establish backstories and the challenge of locating characters and introducing the dynamics that existed before the movie began. Then you get into how you actually evolve those relationships on screen and you go into some technical scene work.

John: Relationship between two characters is almost always about conflict. What is it that they are coming into the scene? What is the problem between the two of them? How are we seeing that grow and evolve and change? How are we exposing the inner life of not just the individual characters, but what their relationship was like before this movie started?

Megana: Yeah, and how you convey that through dialog and how people actually speak to each other.

John: Great. We have that first segment. What’s our next segment.

Megana: Then we get into Episode 395, called All in This Together. In this one, you guys are looking at how you structure a story where the team functions as the central protagonist. There’s a really interesting discussion on POV here where you talk about the challenge of this type of story is that you need to serve several different characters and execute satisfying arcs for each of them.

John: It’s not just The Goonies. It’s any movie in which you have a team of characters who are working together, so the Avengers or the Fast and Furious movies. Yes, each of those characters might have individual arcs or things we know about them, but really it’s the group dynamics that are going to change over the course of the story, so how we handle those.

Megana: Exactly, yeah. It’s not just the individual, but how the whole is going to transform.

John: Fantastic. What’s our third and final segment?

Megana: Our last segment is Episode 383, Splitting the Party. I just want to warn everyone that this is a D and D-heavy chat.

John: As all chats should be, heavy D and D.

Megana: I promise it’s worth it. In this one, you guys are talking about how to split up a group of characters and the questions that writers should be asking themselves so that it’s meaningful when those characters come back together.

John: Fantastic. We will be back together at the end of these three segments to talk about what we’ve learned a little bit but also to do our One Cool Things and all the boilerplate stuff. In our Bonus Segment for Premium Members, we are going to be talking about Stranger Things Season 4.1 I guess we’d call it, which is all about group dynamics. If you’re not a Premium Member, for the love of Steve Harrington, you have to become a Premium Member, because Megana has some very strong opinions about the characters and what’s happened in Stranger Things this first half of Season 4.

Megana: Incredibly strong opinions. By the time this episode airs, everyone should have watched it.

John: You have no excuse for not becoming a Premium Member so you can hear the Bonus Segment. Now, let’s travel back to Episode 360 and get started with our group dynamics.

And so when we first started doing the podcast I remember there was some episode early on where I said like, “Well it’s not like you and I are friends outside of this podcast,” and you were really offended by it. And I remember I was like, oh, I hurt Craig’s feelings. And Craig has feelings. And we’ve become much better friends over the course of doing the podcast, but also–

Craig Mazin: Do I have feelings? I guess I do.

John: You do have feelings.

Craig: I guess I do.

John: But we weren’t playing D&D at the start. Like all that stuff came.

Craig: No, we have become friends through this podcast. I mean, whether I was legitimately hurt or not. You had a fair point. We weren’t really that close or anything. But our relationship is a function of the work that we do together. That’s how it’s happened. And that’s by the way how relationships must happen, if I may Segue Man myself into our main topic–

John: Go for it.

Craig: Relationships have to be functional. I think sometimes people make a mistake and they think a relationship is just two people who like to chat together or sleep together. That in and of itself is not enough function.

John: Yeah. So in framing this conversation about relationships, I think there’s two challenges screenwriters face.

One is how you get the audience up to speed on relationships that began before the movie started. And so this is trying to figure out like literally letting the audience know how these two people are related. Are they siblings? Are they friends? Are they a couple? Are they ex-spouses? Getting a sense of what are the underlying conflicts that started before the movie started. And really who wants what. That’s all stuff that you as the writer hopefully know and you have to find ways to expose to the audience if it’s going to be meaningful to your story.

The second challenge screenwriters face is how do you describe the changes happening in a relationship while the movie is going on. And so it’s really the scene work. What is the nature of the conflicts within the scene? How are we showing both characters’ points of view? What is the dialogue that’s exposing their inner life and exposing the nature of their relationship?

And they’re very related things but they’re not the same things. So what Craig and I just described in terms of our backstory, that’s kind of the first part is setting up the history of who we are. But so much of the writer’s work now is to figure out how within these scenes are we moving those relationships forward and providing new things to study.

Craig: Yeah. That’s exactly right. The screenwriter has certain tasks that are homeworky kind of tasks. You do need convey information. We have this wonderful opportunity when a movie begins to have fun with that. The audience is engaged. They’re leaning forward in their seat. They haven’t yet decided that this movie stinks. So, you can have fun and tease along or misdirect what relationships are. And then reveal them in exciting and fun ways. And that’s I think really enjoyable for people.

So there’s an opportunity to maybe have – maybe it doesn’t have to be quite busy work when we’re establishing how people relate to each other factually. But the real meat of it, as the story progresses, is that fabulous space in between two or three people. The relationship I generally think of as another character. There’s what I imagine this person like alone. There’s what I imagine this person like alone. But when they’re together there’s that other thing between them. And if you think that sounds a little foofy, well, just consider the word chemistry and how often we use it to apply to actors who must perform these relationships. Because when it’s there what do we describe it as? Sparks, or whatever. It’s that thing in between.

And when it’s not there, there’s nothing.

John: Yeah. Chemistry is fundamentally the mixture of two elements that by themselves would be relatively stable. And you put them together and they create something new. And that’s what we’re really talking about in a relationship is that new thing that is created when those characters are interacting and challenging each other.

So, let’s talk about establishing these characters and I think you’re right to describe at the beginning of the movie the audience does lean in because I think partly they’re trying to figure out who these people are and sort of what slots to put them in. People approach movies with a set of expectations and there are certain kind of slots that they want people to fall into. And they’re looking for like, OK, well what slot are they falling into? And if you are aware of what the audience’s expectations are that can be really helpful.

So, some of the slots people are looking for is, well, who is the hero, the protagonist? Who is the love interest? Who is the best friend? Who is the rival? Who is the mentor? Who is the parent? That’s not to say you should have stock characters, but it’s to be aware that the audience is looking for a place to put those folks essentially. A sense of the relationship geography of the central character and the people around them.

And so be aware that the audience is trying to find those things and help them when you can. And if you need to defeat those expectations or change those expectations be aware that’s a job you’re assigning yourself.

Craig: Right.

John: That you have to make sure that the audience understands this isn’t quite what you think. You think that this person is the father, but he’s actually a step-father who has only been married to the mother for a year. If that’s important, you’re going to have to get that out there quickly so we understand.

Craig: That’s exactly right. And similarly there are times when just like you and the audience, one of the characters onscreen will also not quite understand the nature of the relationship, and so it’s important then to tie back to our perspective and point of view episode. If I’m in the perspective and point of view of somebody who has a basic understanding of what a relationship is, and if I want to subvert that I first must lay the groundwork for their wrong understanding. And create their expectation.

So, in Training Day, we have an understanding because we share a perspective with Ethan Hawke that he’s been assigned the kind of badass older veteran character who is going to train him and be his mentor. And so that’s his understanding. And then the guy just starts doing some things that are a little uh, and he goes eh, OK, and we’re all a little bit like uh. And then it gets much, much, much, much worse. And we understand that we, like Ethan Hawke, completely misunderstood the nature of this relationship. And then a different relationship begins to evolve.

John: Yeah. So, let’s talk about some of these expectations. So Ethan Hawke had a set of expectations going into it. I think so often as I read through Three Page Challenges or moments in scripts that aren’t really working I feel sometimes the screenwriter is trying to do a bunch of work to explain something that could have just been done visually. And so they’re putting a lot of work into describing something that could be done as sort of a snapshot, as an image.

So, I want to give a couple snapshots of things you might see in a movie and as an audience you see these things and you’re like, OK, I get what’s going on here, so all of that work is being done visually and therefore the dialogue can just be about what’s interesting and new and is not establishing these relationships.

So, here’s the first snapshot. You see four people seated at a table in an airport restaurant. They’re all African American. There’s a woman who is 35 and putting in eye drops. There’s a man who is 40, a little overweight, who is trying to get a six-year-old boy to stay in his seat. There’s a girl who is nine and playing a game on her phone.

So, you see these four people around a table, you’re like, OK, they are a family. They’re traveling someplace. That’s the mom. That’s the dad. Those are the kids. That’s your default assumption based on the visual I described. So therefore anything you want to do beyond that, or if you need to clarify exactly the nature of these relationships between people, that there’s like a step relationship or one is actually a cousin, you can do that but that visual sort of gave you all that stuff for free. And so therefore you can spend your time in dialogue on doing interesting things with those characters rather than establishing that they’re actually a family and they’re traveling someplace.

Craig: Yeah. You suddenly don’t need to do things like have a character say, “Mom, or “Son,” or any of those annoying things that people do to hit us over the head with this sort of thing. But you’ve put some thought into how to create a relationship in a realistic way.

The fact of the matter is that many writers who struggle with this only struggle with it when they’re writing. If I take any of those people and bring them to an airport and walk them through the airport and just say you quietly look around and then describe to me the relationships you infer from what you see, they’ll get it almost all right.

John: Yep.

Craig: That’s how it works as humans. Therefore that’s what we need to do when we’re writing. I wish that writers would spend more time in their visual minds, I guess, rather than trying to just begin or stop with words, if they could maybe walk through the space in their heads and experience it. It’s amazing what you see when you do that. And then you don’t have to use dialogue.

John: Yeah. All right, so here’s another snapshot. So, next table over there’s a man and a woman. They’re sitting across from each other. They’re both early 30s in business suits. He’s white. She’s American-born Chinese. He wears a wedding ring which we see as he drinks his scotch. His eyes are red and puffy, maybe from crying. She doesn’t look at him. All her attention focused on the spreadsheet open on her laptop. So that’s the visual we’re giving to an audience at the very start.

We know there’s a conflict there. We know that something has happened. Something is going on. The nature of their relationship between each other is probably fraught. There’s something big happening there. And I think we’re leaning in to see what is the first thing that somebody says. What just happened that got them to this place?

Are they having an affair? Are they business colleagues? Something big has happened there. And you have a little bit of an understanding about their jobs, or sort of that it’s some sort of work travel. So that visual gives us a sense of who those two people are before we’ve had any words spoken.

Again, if you saw those people at the airport you would probably get that basic nature of their relationship and you’d be curious. And so I think the thing about sort of establishing people visually is that you want there to still be curiosity. You’re not trying to answer all the questions. You’re just trying to give a framework so that people are asking interesting questions about these characters in front of them.

Craig: You’re building a mystery. Right? You’re giving us clues. I have clues here. OK, these are the clues you’ve given me and I’m looking at the situation here. OK, I’ve got this man, I’ve got this woman. He’s wearing a wedding ring. He’s drinking scotch. He’s crying. He’s sad. She doesn’t seem sad at all. That’s a huge clue to me. Whatever he’s crying about, it’s not about her, because she’s looking at a spreadsheet. It’s not that she’s looking down nervously and shutting him down. She’s busy. She’s looking at a spreadsheet. This guy seems pathetic. I’m guessing his marriage has blown up and he’s crying about it for the 15th time to his associate who is subordinate to him therefore can’t tell him to shut the hell up.

She meanwhile is trying to get the work done that they need to get done so they both don’t get fired by the boss above both of them. I don’t know if that’s true. And I don’t know if you even thought it through that far.

John: I haven’t.

Craig: Right. It’s just that’s the bunch of clues there. And that’s how fast we start to assemble clues. Here’s the good news for all of you at home. What I just did is something that you can use to your advantage if you want people to get what you want them to get. It’s also what you can use to your advantage if you want people to assume something that is incorrect.

For instance, in the first scenario we see a man, a woman, two kids, they’re all sitting together in the airport, playing on a game. They’re all the same race. They all therefore technically can be related. It feels like a family. And that’s a situation where at some point you could have the nine-year-old, turn, wait, see somebody pass by and then hand 50 bucks to the man and the woman and say, “Thanks. We weren’t here.” And then she takes the six-year-old and they move along, right?

Like what the hell? Who is this little spy? But that’s the point. By giving people clues we know reliably we can get them to sort of start to think in a way. We are doing what magicians do. It’s not magic. It’s misdirection and it’s either purposeful direction or purposeful misdirection. This is the way we have fun.

John: Absolutely. And so the example you gave where they pay the money and leave, it would be very hard to establish the normalcy if you actually had to have characters having dialogue before that. We would be confused. And so by giving it to us just as a visual, like OK we get the reason why everyone around them would just assume they’re a family. But if we had to try to do that with dialogue or have somebody comment on that family, it would have been forced. It would have felt weird.

So, you have to think about sort of like what do you want the audience to know. What do you think the audience will expect based on the image that you’re presenting and how can you use that to your advantage?

Most times you want to give the audience kind of what they’re expecting so the audience feels smart. So they feel like they can trust their instincts. They can trust you as a storyteller. And maybe one time out of five defeat that expectation or sort of surpass that expectation. Give them a surprise. But you don’t want to surprise them constantly because then they won’t know what to be focusing on.

Craig: Right. Then they start to feel like this really is a magic show and they lose the emotional connection to things. So, in the beginning of something you can have fun with the details of a relationship because those are somewhat logical. And you can mess around with that. The more you do it, the more your movie just becomes a bit of a puzzle. And, by the way, that’s how whodunits work. But those are really advertising nothing more than puzzles. And that’s why I recommend all screenwriters spend time reading Agatha Christie. Just pick a sampling of two Poirots and two Marples. And just see how she does it. And see how clever she is. And see how much logical insight and brilliance is involved in designing these things, particularly in such a fashion where it works even though you are trying to figure it out while it’s happening.

John: Yeah. And so it’s not like those characters are realistic, but those characters are created in a very specific way to do a very specific function. And they have to be believable in doing their function the first time through and then when we actually have all the reveals you see like, OK, that’s what they really were doing. And I can understand why everybody else around them had made the wrong assumptions.

Craig: Well, that’s the beauty of it is that you start to realize by reading those whodunits how much stuff you’re filling in that isn’t there. You make these assumptions that that girl must be that woman’s daughter. That’s just a flat assumption you made and at no point was that ever stated clearly and why would you believe that? So, it teaches you all the ways that our minds work in a sense. So, that’s always great. But I think once you get past the technicals of portraying and conveying relationships, then the real magic and the real fun is in watching two people change each other through the act of being together, whether it is by talking, or not talking, or fighting, or regret. Whatever it is, that’s why I think we actually go to see these stories.

I don’t think we go to movies for plots. I think maybe we show up because the plot sounds exciting. We stay in our seat for the relationships. Lindsay Doran has an amazing talk about – did we – that’s going to be my One Cool Thing this week for sure. I mean, I’m sure I’ve said it before, but Lindsay Doran has a Ted Talk she’s done. It’s available online for free. That goes to the very heart of why relationships are what we demand from the stories we see.

John: Yeah. And too often you think about like is this a character moment or is this a story moment. And, of course, there is no difference.

Craig: Right.

John: You have to make sure that the character moments are married into fundamental aspects of story that are moving the story forward. Because if you have a moment that is just like two character having a witty conversation but it doesn’t have anything to do with the actual forward trajectory of the plot, it’s not going to last. And if you have a moment that just moves the plot forward but doesn’t actually have our characters engaging and interacting and changing and their relationship evolving, it’s not going to be a rewarding scene either. So, moments have to do these two things at the same time. And that’s the challenge of screenwriting. It’s that everything has to do multiple things at once.

Craig: That’s why they’re doing them, right? I mean, the whole point is you’re in charge. You can make anything happen. You can end the movie right now if you want. So, why is this happening? And if your answer is, well, it’s happening because I need it to happen so that something else happens, no. No. Stop. Go backwards. You’re in a bad spot.

John: So often I think we have an expectation of what the trajectory are going to be for these characters also. Because we’ve seen movies before, so we know that the hero and love interest will have a fight at some point. They will break up. They’ll get back together. We can see some of these things happening. And that doesn’t mean you have to avoid all those things happening but you have to avoid all those things happening but you have to be aware that the audience sees it coming. And so if the audience sees it coming and kind of feels that you’re doing that beat just because you’re doing that beat, like, oh, now they’re going to break up because of this misunderstanding and, ugh, I saw that happening way ahead of time, that’s not going to be rewarding.

They’re going to have an expectation that attractive people will fall in love. That families will fight and splinter but ultimately come back together. So, all that stuff is sort of baked into our expectation of these stories from the start. So, be aware of that and so if you get to those moments understand what the stock version of that moment is and figure out how you push past that. How do you get to a new moment between these two very specific characters, not the generic archetypes of these characters? What is it about them that makes this scene, these two people being in the scene, so unique and special?

And when you see those things happen, that’s what makes your movie not every other movie.

Craig: It strikes me that nobody really talks about relationships when they’re doing their clunky, boring screenwriting classes and lectures. I mean, I’m sure some people out there do. But so often when I skim through these books they talk about characters and plot. They don’t talk about relationships. And I guess my point is I don’t care about character at all. I only care about relationship, which encompasses character. In short, it doesn’t matter what the character of Woody is until Buzz shows up.

John: Completely.

Craig: Woody, until Buzz shows up, is – well, his character I could neatly fit it on a very small index card. Woody is the guy who is in charge and has sort of a healthy ego because he knows he’s the chosen one. So he’s kind of the benevolent dictator. OK. Boring. Don’t care. That’s why movies happen. We don’t want that to keep on going. What we want is for Shrek to leave the swamp and meet Fiona. Then the characters become things that matter because there in – go back to our conflict episode. Everything is about relationship. They should only talk about plot and relationships as far as I’m concerned. We should just stop talking about character. It’s a thing that’s separate and apart.

I think a lot of studio executives make this mistake when they take about character arcs. I hate talking about character arcs. The only arcs I’m interested in are relationship arcs.

John: Yeah. Shrek is not a character, but Shrek and Donkey together is a thing. Like that’s–

Craig: Right.

John: There’s no way to expose what’s interesting about Shrek unless you have Donkey around to be annoying to him. So you have to have some thing or person to interact with. Yes, there are – of course, there exceptions. There are movies where one solo character is on a mission by him or herself and that’s the only thing you see. But those are real exceptions. And I agree with you that so many screenwriting books treat like, “Oh, this is the hero’s journey and this is the arc of the hero,” as if he or she is alone in the entire story. And they never are. And it’s always about the people around them and the challenges.

Craig: Or an animal.

John: Or an animal.

Craig: You know what I mean? There’s some relationship that mattes. And the only place I think you can kind of get away with learning and experiencing something from a character in the absence of a relationship in a kind of impressive way is in theater and on stage and through song, but in that sense you’re there with that person, the relationship is between – so when Shrek sings his wonderful song at the beginning of “A Big, Bright, Beautiful World,” the beginning of Shrek the Musical which as you know I’m obsessed with, he’s singing it to you in the audience. And you’re with him in a room. So that’s a different experience.

But on screen, then when you watch – OK, great example if I can get Broadway for a second, Fiddler on the Roof opens in the most bizarre way any musical has ever opened. The main character walks out and starts talking to you in the audience, immediately breaking the fourth wall. And he does it occasionally and then sometimes he talks to God. And he’s alone. And then there’s the song If I Were a Rich Man. He’s alone the entire time and he’s singing it to himself and to God, who is not visible.

And when you’re in a theater watching it it’s fun, and it’s great, and you get it. Then you watch the movie, which is not a bad movie at all. I like the Fiddler on the Roof movie, but when that song comes around you’re like what is happening.

John: Yeah. Who is he talking to?

Craig: Why is he? Who are you talking to? Why are you doing this? Why are you standing in a field singing? It’s bizarre. It doesn’t work in a movie. You need a relationship.

John: Yep. You do.

John: So our main topic this week came up because yesterday I did a roundtable on a project and this project we were working on had not one hero but a big group of heroes. Or, not a big group, but four people who were sort of the central heroes of the story. And that wasn’t a mistake. That really was how the movie needed to work.

And it got me thinking that we so often talk about movies being a journey that happens to one character only once, and we always talk about sort of that hero and that hero protagonates over the course of the story and sort of those things. Even though we are not big fans of those classic templates and sort of everything has to match the three-act structure that tends to be the experience of movies is that you’re following a character on a journey. But there are a lot of movies that have these groups of heroes in them and I thought we’d spend some time talking about movies that have groups and the unique challenges of movies that have groups as their central heroes.

Craig: Smart topic because I think it’s quickly becoming the norm actually as everybody in the studio world tries to universe-ize everything. You end up, even if you start with movies with the traditional independent protagonist, sooner or later you’re going to be smooshing everybody together in some sort of team up. So it’s inevitable.

John: We’ve talked before about two-handers where you have two main characters who are doing most of the work in the movie. And sometimes it’s a classic protagonist/antagonist situation. So movies like Big Fish, Mr. And Mrs. Smith, Planes, Trains, and Automobiles, Romancing the Stone, Chicago, while there are other characters there’s two central characters you’re following and you could say either one of them is the main character of the story.

But what you’re describing in terms of there’s a big group of characters is more on the order of Charlie’s Angels, The Breakfast Club, X-Men, Avengers, Scooby Doo, Ferris Bueller’s Day Off, Lord of the Rings, Goonies, Go, all The Fast and Furious movies. These are movies where characters need to have journeys and make progress over the course of the story but they’re a part of a much larger team. And we really haven’t done a lot of talking about how those teams of characters work in movies.

Craig: Yeah. I actually wasn’t really a team movie writer until I guess The Hangovers, because those three guys kind of operated as a team. And then when you throw Mr. Chow in there it’s a team of four. It’s a crew. Now you’ve got a crew.

John: You’ve got a crew.

Craig: You got a crew.

John: We’re putting together a crew.

Craig: And you got to figure out how that crew works, because it is very different than just – even like a typical two-hander like Identity Thief. I mean, there are other characters but it’s just the two of them on a road trip. That’s pretty traditional stuff.

John: The movie is about their relationship. And so I’m sure people can argue that one is the protagonist and one is the antagonist. And, great, but really it’s about the two of them and how they are changing each other. Wicked is a two-hander.

Craig: Right. When you say, OK, now it’s really about three, or four, or five, or in Fast and Furious there’s like 12 of them at this point now, you kind of have to present them as this team. It’s a team sport now. So writing for a team requires a very different kind of thinking I think than writing for a traditional protagonist and let’s call them a sub-protagonist or something like that.

John: Yeah. So if you think about them as a group, if you think about them as one entity this should still be a one-time transformational event for this group of characters, for this team of characters, for whatever this party is that is going through this journey that has to be transformational to them as a group.

But within that bigger story there’s probably individual stories. And in those individual stories those characters are probably the protagonist of that subplot or at least that sub-story. So they’re all going to have relationships with each other, with the greater question, the greater theme, the greater plot of the movie, and it’s making sure that each of those characters feels adequately served by what the needs are. Bigger characters are going to have more screen time and probably take bigger arcs. Minor characters are at least going to enter into a place and exit a place that they hopefully have contributed to the overall success or failure of not just the plot that the characters are wrestling with but the thematic issues that the movie is trying to bring up and tackle.

Craig: Yeah. There’s a kind of a Robert Altman-y trick where you take an event and he would do this a lot in very good Robert Altman movies, but we see it in all sorts of movies, where there’s an event. And the event is so big it encompasses everyone. And so we kind of – we play a little bit of the soap opera game. So soap operas traditionally would have about three or four plots going at once. You would see a little bit of one, then it would switch over to the next one. And you’d have to wait to get back to the one you liked. At least that was my experience when I was home sick with grandma.

So in say a movie like Independence Day there are multiple stories. There is a president. There is his wife. There’s an adviser to the president who has an ex-wife. There’s his dad. There’s Will Smith. There’s a bunch of stories going on. And each one of them gets a little slice of the story pie, but ultimately it’s all viewed through the prism of this event. And in the end everybody kind of comes together in some sort of unifying act which in Magnolia was a frog rain.

John: Yes. Yes.

Craig: And we see that in fact as different as all these stories were everyone was connected and kind of working as a team. So individuals are the heroes of their mini-stories. And that’s in fact how those movies tell the story of the big story through mini-stories.

John: Yeah. Now, in some of these stories the characters enter in as some kind of family. They have a pre-existing relationship. In other movies they are thrown together by circumstances and therefore have to sort of figure out what the relationships are between them. In either situation you want those relationships to have changed by the end of the story. So just like as in a two-hander, their relationship needs to have changed by the end. In a team story the relationships need to have changed by the end and you need to see the impact they’ve had on each other over the course of this. So independent of a villain, independent of outside plot, the choices that they individually made impacted the people around them.

Craig: And that’s the matrix of relevance. So in a traditional movie it is about me. I have a problem. And I go through a course of action and at the end of the movie my problem is solved. In this kind of story the group has a problem. And what we’re rooting for is the group to survive. And in that sense very much it is a family. And we know that about the Fast and Furious, because they’re always telling us.

John: [laughs] It’s family.

Craig: They always tell us. This is a family. But it is. And so the hero of those movies is the joined relationship of them all in the family. And what the problem is in the beginning of the story is not a problem with one individual. It is a problem of family dynamic. And that is what needs to be figured out by the end of the movie.

John: Yeah. So let’s talk about the real pitfalls and challenges of doing a story with a team protagonist or with a big group at its center. The first and most obvious one is that sometimes certain characters just end up being purely functional. You see what their role is within this group and what their role is within this plot, but their character isn’t actually interesting in and of itself at all. And sometimes if it’s a minor character, OK, but if it’s a character who we’re putting some emotional weight in that we actually want to see their journey at all, they have to be more than purely functional.

The challenge is the more you – in a normal movie you can say like, oh OK, well I need to build in some back story for this character. I need to see them interact with other people and get a better sense of who this person is and what they’re trying to do, but you can’t do that for every character because the movie would just keep starting again and again. It would never get anywhere. So, finding ways that one character’s progress is impacting another character, which is sending the next thing forward. The jigsaw puzzle aspect of getting all those characters’ changes to happen over the course of the story can be really difficult.

Craig: It can be. Because, you know, the movie starts to turn into a stop-and-start. Action, quiet talk, backstory, my inner feelings. Action, quiet talk, backstory, your inner feelings. And it’s one of the reasons by the way these movies are so long. They are so long because everybody needs a story. It’s hard to justify why you have seven characters when only three really have lives and inner worlds and the other four are standing around doing stuff.

John: Yep.

Craig: So everybody has to have it. And they can get really long. You know, it wouldn’t kill these people to maybe, you know, kill one of them. If it’s not going well we’ll just kill them. No big deal.

John: I’m going to argue without a lot of supporting evidence that Alien is essentially one of these kind of group movies, and a lot of horror movies are those kind of group movie, and they winnow down the characters so that one person is left standing. But you couldn’t necessarily say that that person was the protagonist at the very start of the story.

Aliens is not really kind of what we’re talking about with the team movie. Even though there’s a team of great people in it, it is Ripley’s movie and it is her journey. You can clearly see her protagonist arc over the course of it. So, that’s a distinction. Even within the same franchise those are two different kind of setups. I would say – I’m arguing that the first Alien movie is kind of what we’re describing in this episode whereas Aliens is much more a classic, here is one character on a one-time journey.

Craig: Yeah. Don’t be afraid, if you need to write fodder characters you write fodder characters.

John: Oh, go for it.

Craig: I mean, people need to die. Somebody has to be the red shirt. But when you think about – Star Trek is a pretty good example I think of a kind of team story. All their movies feel like team stories to me. And in part it’s because, I mean, take away the science fiction aspect, they’re just sailors on a boat. And so we’re rooting for the boat to survive. That means everybody on the boat is important. However, if something blows up, a few people on the boat can die and we won’t miss them. It’s the people that we have invested in emotionally. Those need to be justifiable to us. They all need to be important. They’re all doing jobs that are really important. I don’t care about the janitor on USS Enterprise. They do have an important job. Really important. But not during your crisis.

John: Absolutely. And we should distinguish between, in television shows by their nature tend to have big casts with a lot of people doing stuff, so Star Trek as a TV show you say, oh well of course, there’s a big cast, there’s a team. But the Star Trek movies which I also love, that is what we’re talking about here because it’s a family. It is a group of characters, the five or six key people. They are the ones that we care about. And we don’t care about the red shirts. We want to see them come through this and survive and change and interact with each other. That’s why we’re buying our ticket for these movies.

Craig: You know what? I just had an idea.

John: Yes?

Craig: You know, so occasionally we do a deep dive into a movie. And I do like the idea of surprising people. I don’t think we’ve necessarily been particularly surprising in our choices. They’ve all been kind of classics. But you know what’s a really, really, really well-written movie?

John: Wrath of Khan?

Craig: It is. But that’s not the one I’m thinking of.

John: Tell me.

Craig: Star Trek: First Contact.

John: Oh great.

Craig: First Contact is a brilliantly written script. It is a gorgeous story where everything clicks and works together in the most lovely way.

John: Nice.

Craig: I would deep dive that. I’d deep dive the hell out of it.

John: It’s on the list. Nice.

Craig: Put it on the list. Put it on the list.

John: Put it on the list. Getting back to this idea that there’s sort of a jigsaw puzzle, there’s a lot of things happening at once, you and I have both worked on Charlie’s Angels films. I found that to be some of the most difficult writing I ever had to do because you have three protagonists, three angels, who each need their own storylines. They need to be interacting with each other a lot. They have to have a pretty complicated A-plot generally. So every scene ends up having to do work on more than just one of those aspects. If it’s just talking plot then you’re missing opportunity to do Angel B-story stuff, but you can’t do two or three Angel B-story scenes back to back because then you’ve lost the A-plot. They’re challenging movies for those reasons. And more challenging than you might guess from an outsider’s perspective.

Craig: Well, you’re spinning plates, right?

John: Yeah.

Craig: You watch them when they’re actually spinning plates. They spin the plate and then they move over and they keep this plate. This plate is slowing down, spin that one faster. The one you were just spinning, it’s in middle. That one over there is slowing down, get to that one. It’s the same thing. You kind of service these things in waves. When you feel like you’ve had a good satisfying amount of this person, leave them and move onto another side story or another aspect of this group. That person can hang for a while.

If you have left somebody for a while when you come back to them it’s got to be really good.

John: Yeah.

Craig: You’ve got to go, oh, you know what, it wasn’t like we were away from that person because there was nothing for them to do. We were away from them because they have a bomb to drop on us. And so that works, too. But just think of it as just servicing plates. Spinning plates and looking for the ones that have kind of been a little bit neglected for a little too long. Because you can’t do them all at once. It’s not possible.

John: Yeah. And so this, we talk about art and craft a lot. Some of that is just craft. It’s recognizing having built a bunch of cabinets you recognize like, OK, this is what I need to do to make these cabinet doors work properly. And I can’t, if I don’t measure this carefully those cabinet doors are going to bump into each other and you’re not going to be able to open them. It’s a design aspect that’s kind of hard to learn how to do until you’ve just done it a bunch. And recognizing the ins and outs of scenes and how long it’s been since we’ve seen this careful. What are we expecting to happen next?

And while doing all of that remembering like, OK, what is it thematically these storylines are all about. What is the bigger picture that these can all – how are we going to get everybody to the same place not just physically but emotionally for this moment.

Craig: Yeah. You find as you do these things that you can get away with almost nothing. I think early on you think, well, it’s been a little while and this person hasn’t said anything, but whatever, it’s fine. These scenes are good. And then you give it to people and they go, “So why is this dead weight hanging around here? That was weird.” And you go, well, you can’t actually get away with anything.

John: Yeah. We talked before about how a character who doesn’t talk in a scene can be a challenge, especially if they haven’t talked – if they’re just hanging in the background of a scene for a long time and haven’t said anything that becomes a problem. But if a character has been offstage for too long and then they come back it has to be meaningful when they come back and you have to remember who they are. There’s not a clear formula or math, but sometimes you will actually just do a list of scenes and recognize like, wow, I have not seen this character for so long that I won’t remember who they are. And so I’m going to have to remind people who they are when they come back. It’s challenging. And you’re trying to do this all at script stage, but then of course you shoot a movie and then you’re seeing it and you’re like, oh man, we dropped that scene and now this doesn’t make sense. That’s the jigsaw puzzle of it all.

Craig: Yeah. It’s why writers should be in charge of movies.

John: Yeah. I think so.

Craig: Just telling it like it is.

John: Well, we go back to the sort of writer-plus that you’re always pitching which is that aspect of writers sort of functioning as showrunners for films is especially important for these really complicated narratives where there’s just a lot of plate-spinning to be done.

Craig: Yeah. I think television has proven this. Really it’s empirical at this point. The other thing I wanted to mention, one last pitfall, when you’re dealing with a group dynamic and you’re writing for a family you have to make sure that no one person – no one person’s personal stakes outweigh the group stakes. We want to be rooting for this whole team to survive. And they’re working together. But if you tell me also that one of their little mini-stories is that they’ve discovered the cure for cancer now I just mostly care about that person. That person has to get out of the burning building. Everybody else should just light themselves on fire so that person can get out.

So you just want to make sure that no one person’s stakes overshadow or obliterate the other ones in the group. And really the biggest stake of all which is us staying together.

John: Yep. 100%. So some takeaways. I would say if you’re approaching a story that you think is going to be a team story I would stop and ask yourself is it really a team story or is it more Aliens where it’s one character’s story and there’s a bunch of other characters as well? Because if it is one character’s story that’s most movies and that is actually a good thing. So always ask yourself is there really one central character and everyone else is supporting that one central character? If that’s not the case and you really do genuinely have a family, a group, a series of characters who are addressing the same thing you’ve made your life more difficult but god bless you. That could be a great script. But recognize the challenges you’re going to have ahead for yourself and be thinking about how do you make this group feel like the protagonist so you feel like there has been a transformation of this group by the end of the movie.

Craig: Yeah. I think that’s exactly right. And I do believe that after this episode people should be able to do this. All of them.

John: Oh, all of them. Easy-peasy. Nothing hard to do there.

Craig: I mean, what else do you people want? We’ve almost done 400 of these.

John: Wow.

Craig: They should all be at the top of their game. There should be 400 Oscars a year for screenplay as far as I’m concerned.

John: Moving on, our feature topic today is splitting up the party, dividing the party. It’s that trope that you often see in – well originally in sort of Scooby Doo things. Let’s split up so we can cover more ground and so therefore everyone gets into trouble because they split the party. But it also happens a lot in D&D where it’s that idea of you don’t want to divide up the party because if you divide up the party you’re weaker separately than you are together. And it’s also just really annoying for players because then you’re not – you’re just sort of waiting around for it to be your turn again.

But as I thought about it like dividing the party is actually a crucial thing that we end up having to do in movies and especially now in the second Arlo Finch just so that we can actually tell the story the best way possible. So I want to talk about situations where it’s good to keep characters together, more importantly situations where you really want to keep the characters separated, apart, and why you might want to do that.

Craig: Yeah, it’s a really smart idea for a topic because it’s incredibly relevant to how we present challenges to our characters. And the reason that they always say – and it’s maybe the only real rule, meaning only real unwritten rule of roleplaying games – is don’t split up the party. Don’t split the party is really in response to just a phalanx of idiots who have split the party in the past and inevitably it doesn’t work because as you point out you are putting yourselves in more danger that way. But that is precisely what we want to do to the characters in our fixed concluding narratives because it is the very nature of that jeopardy that is going to test them and challenge them the most. And therefore their success will feel the most meaningful to us.

John: Absolutely. So let’s talk about some of the problems with big groups. And so one of the things you start to realize if you have eight characters in a scene is it’s very hard to keep them alive. And by alive I mean do they actually have a function in that scene? Have they said a line? What are they doing there? And if characters don’t talk every once and a while they really do tend to disappear. I mean, radio dramas is the most extreme example where if a character doesn’t speak they are not actually in the scene. But if a character is just in the background of a scene and just nodding or saying uh-huh that’s not going to be very rewarding for that actor. It’s going to pull focus from what you probably actually want to be doing.

Craig: Whenever I see it it kills me, because I notice it immediately. And it’s so fascinating to me when it happens and I don’t know if you’ve ever seen this great video. Patton Oswalt was a character on King of Queens. He was – I didn’t really watch the show, but I think he was a neighbor or something, or a coworker, so smaller part.

So there were many times I think where he was included in the scene in their living room, which was their main set for the sitcom, but other than his one thing to say at the beginning or the end he had nothing to do. And he apparently did this thing where through this very long scene he held himself perfectly still like a statue on purpose in the background. And you can see it on YouTube. It’s great. He’s amusing himself because the show has absolutely no use for him in that scene other than the beginning or the end.

John: That’s amazing. A situation we ran into with Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is in Roald Dahl’s book Charlie Bucket gets the Golden Ticket and you’re allowed to bring two parents with you. And so Charlie only brings his uncle, but all the other characters, all the other little spoiled kids bring both parents. And that would be a disaster onscreen because you would have 15 people at the start of the factory tour. And trying to keep 15 people in a frame is really a challenge of cinema and television. There’s no good way to keep them all physically in a frame.

Craig: Yeah.

John: And that is a real problem. So what we did is basically everyone could bring one parent and it turned out the original Gene Wilder movie did the same thing. We made different choices about which parent. But then even when you get into like the big chocolate river room I’m splitting up those people and so they’re not all together as a pack because you just can’t keep them alive. You can’t get a group of more than four or five people together and actually have that moment be about something. And so they’re immediately splitting apart and going in different directions just so that you can have individual moments.

Craig: Even inside a group of characters where you haven’t technically split the party in terms of physical location, as a writer you begin to carve out a weird party split anyway because someone is inevitably going to lean in and have a quieter exchange with somebody else, or whisper to somebody else, or take somebody aside, even though they’re all still in the same room, because ultimately it is impossible to feel any kind of intimacy when you do have 15 co-equals all yammering at each other. Or, god forbid, three people yammering at each other and then 12 other people just standing there watching. That’s creepy.

John: Yep. The last thing I’ll say, the problem in big groups, is that there are conversations, there’s conflicts that you can really only see between two characters, maybe three characters, that just would not exist as part of a larger group. You’re not going to have an argument with your wife in a certain public place, but you would if it’s just the two of you. And so by breaking off those other people you allow for there to be moments that just couldn’t exist in a public setting.

And so that’s another reason why big groups just have a dampening effect often on what the natural conflicts you really want to see are in a story.

Craig: Even beyond the nature of certain conversations, there are certain aspects of basic character itself that change based on the context of who you’re around. Sometimes we don’t really get to know somebody properly until they’re alone with someone else. And then they say or do something that kind of surprises us because they are the sort of person that just blends in or shies away when there’s a lot going on. And they only kind of come out or blossom in intimacy.

Quiet characters are wonderful characters to kind of split off with because suddenly they can say something that matters. And you get to know who they really are. By the way, I think people work this way, too. We are brought up to think of ourselves as one person, right, that you’re John. But there’s many Johns. We are all many of us and we change based on how big of a group we’re in and who is in the group. So don’t be afraid to do that with your characters.

John: Yeah. So that ability to be specific to who that character is with that certain crowd and sort of the specificity of the conflicts that’s something you get in the smaller groups. But one of the other sort of hidden advantages you start to realize when you split the party up is that enables you to cut between the two groups. And that is amazingly useful for time compression. So basically getting through a bunch of stuff more quickly and sort of like if you were sticking with the same group you would have to just keep jumping forward in time. But by being able to ping pong back and forth between different groups and see where they’re at you can compress a lot of time down together. You can sort of short hand through some stuff. Giving yourself something to cut to is often the thing you’re looking for most as a screenwriter.

Craig: It is incredibly helpful for the movie once you get into the editing room of course, because you do have the certain flexibility there. You’re not trapped. There is a joy in the contrast, I think. If you’re going back and forth between let’s call them contemporaneous scenes. So they’re occurring at the same time, but they’re in different places, they can kind of comment on each other. It doesn’t have to be overt or meta, but there’s an interesting game of contrasts that you can play between two people who are enjoying a delicious meal in a beautiful restaurant and then a third person who is slogging her way through a rainy mud field. That’s a pretty broad example. It can be the tiniest of things.

But it gives you a chance to contrast which movie and film does really well and reality does poorly, because we are always stuck in one linear timeline in our lives. We never get that gift of I guess I’ll call it simultaneous perspective.

John: Yeah. So I mean a thing you come to appreciate as a screenwriter is how much energy you get out of a cut. And so you can find ways to get out of a scene and into the next scene that provide you with even more energy. But literally any time you’re cutting from one thing to another thing you get a little bit of momentum from that. And so being able to close a moment off and sort of tell the audience, OK, that thing is done and now we’re here is very useful and provides a pull through the story where if you had to stay with those characters as they were moving through things that could be a challenge.

But let’s talk about some of the downsides because there’s also splitting up the party that’s done poorly or doesn’t actually help.

Craig: Right.

John: So if you have a strong central protagonist, like it’s really all on this one character’s back, if you’re dividing up then suddenly you’re losing that POV. You’re losing that focus of seeing the story just from their perspective. And so the Harry Potter movies, the books and the movies, are all from Harry’s perspective. He is central to everything. And so if they were to cut off and just have whole subplots with Ron and Hermione where they’re doing stuff by themselves it would be different. There’s a way it could totally work, but it would be different. You know, if you’re making Gravity you really do want to stay with Sandra Bullock the whole time through. If you cut away to like on the ground with the NASA folks that would completely change your experience of that movie. So, there are definitely times where it does make sense to hold a group together so that you can stay with that central character because it’s really about his or her central journey.

Craig: Yeah. In those cases sometimes it’s helpful to think about the perspective character as a free agent. And so you still get to split the party by leaving a party to go to another party. And going back and forth. So Harry Potter has the Ron and Hermione party, and he has the Dumbledore party. And he has the snake party. And so he can move in between those and thus give us kind of different perspectives on things which is really helpful.

I mean, I personally feel like any time you’re writing about a group of people, basically you always are even if it’s a really small group, you should already be thinking about how you’re going to break them apart. Because it’s so valuable. It also helps you reinforce what they get out of the group in the first place. Because a very simple fundamental question every screenwriter should ask about their group of friends in their show or the movie is why are they friends.

We are friends with people who do something for us. Not overtly, but they are giving us something that we like. So, what is that? What are they doing for each other? And once you know that then you know why you have to break up the party. And then if they get back together what it means after that has been shattered.

John: Yep. I think as you’re watching something, if you were to watch an episode of Friends with the sound turned off most of the episode is not going to have the six of them together. They’re going to go off and do their separate things. But generally there’s going to be a moment at which they’re all back together in the course of the thing and that is a natural feeling you want. You want the party to break apart and then come back together. You want that sort of homecoming thing. That sense of completion is to have the group brought back together. That is the journey of your story. And so you’ll see that even in like Buffy the Vampire Slayer is another example of like let’s split up, let’s do different things. But you are expecting to see Xander and Buffy and Willow are all going to come back together at the end because that’s sort of the contract you’ve made with your audience.

Craig: Exactly. And that is something that’s very different about recurring episodic television as opposed to closed end features or closed end limited series. You can’t really break up the party in any kind of permanent way. Whereas in film and limited series television sometimes, and a lot of times, you must. You must split up the party permanently. I mean, there’s a great – if you’re making any kind of family drama it’s really helpful to think about this, the splitting of the party concept. I’m thinking of Ordinary People. Ordinary People ultimately is a movie about what happens, you know, the party and whether or not the party is going to stay together. And, spoiler alert, it breaks up. The party splits up permanently and you understand that is the way it must be.

John: You know, Broadcast News. And so if you want to take that central triangle of those three characters, they could stay all working together as a group, but that would not be dramatically interesting. You have to break them apart and see what they’re like in their separate spaces so you can understand the full journey of the story.

Craig: Precisely.

John: So let’s talk about how you split up a party. The simplest and probably hoariest way to do it is just the urgency thing. So the Scooby Doo like we can cover more ground if we split up, or there’s a deadline basically. We won’t get this done unless we split up. There’s too much to do and so therefore we’re going to divide. You do this and then we do that. The Guardians of the Galaxy does that. The Avengers movies tend to do that a lot where they just going off in separate directions and eventually the idea is that they’ll come back together to get that stuff done.

Craig: Yep.

John: That works for certain kinds of movies. It doesn’t work for a lot of movies. But it’s a way to get it done. But I think if you can find the natural rhythms that make it clear why the characters are apart, that’s probably going to be a better solution for most movies. You know, friends aren’t always together. Friends do different stuff. And friends have other friends and so they’re apart from each other.

People work. And so that sense of like you have a work family and a home family. That’s a way of separating things. And there’s people also grouped by common interest, so you can have your hero who is a marathon runner who goes off doing marathon-y stuff, marathon people, marathon-y stuff, who goes running with people which breaks him off from the normal – the group that we’re seeing the rest of the time. You can find ways to let themselves be the person pulling themselves away from the group.

Craig: Yeah. There’s also all sorts of simple easy ways where the world breaks the party apart, walls and doors drop down between people. Somebody is arrested and put in prison. Somebody is pulled away. Someone dies. Dying, by the way, great way to break up a party. That’s a terrific party split. Yeah. There’s all sorts of – somebody falls down, gets hurt, and you have to take them to the hospital. There’s a hundred different things.

And I suppose what I would advise writers is to think about using a split method that will allow you, the writer, to get the most juice out of this new circumstance of this person and this person together, which is different than what we’ve seen before. So where would that be and how would it work and why would it feel a certain way as opposed to a different way.

And you can absolutely do this, even if you have three people. I mean, you mention Broadcast News so let’s talk about James Brooks and As Good as it Gets. Once you start this road trip it’s three characters and the party splits multiple times in different ways.

John: Yeah. The reason I think I was thinking about this this week is I’m writing the third Arlo Finch. And the first Arlo Finch is a boy who comes to this mountain town. He joins the patrol and there are six people in his patrol. His two best friends are sort of the central little triad there. But there’s a big action sequence that has six characters. And supporting six characters in that sequence killed me. It was a lot to do.

In writing the second book, which is off in a summer camp, you got that patrol and that is the main family, but I was deliberately looking for ways to split them apart so that characters could have to make choices by themselves and so that Arlo Finch could have to step up and do stuff without the support of his patrol. But also allow for natural conflicts that would divide the patrol against themselves and surprises that take sort of key members out of patrol.

And that was the central sort of dramatic question of the story is like will this family sort of come back together at the end.

And then the third book is a chance to sort of match people up differently. So you get to go on trips with people who are not the normal people you would bring on a certain trip. And that’s fun to see, too. So, you can go to places that would otherwise be familiar but you’re going into these places with people who would not be the natural people to go in this part of the world.

Craig: Yeah. You get to mix and match and strange bedfellows and all that. That’s part of the fun of this stuff. We probably get a little wrapped up in the individual when we’re talking about character, but I always think about that question that Lindsay Doran is lobbing out to everybody. What is the central relationship of your story? And thereby you immediately stop thinking about individual characters. OK, this character is like this and this character – that’s why maybe more than anything I hate that thing in scripts where people say, you know, “Jim, he’s blah-blah-blah, and he used to be this, and now he’s this.” I don’t care.

I only am interested in Jim and his relationship to another human being. At least one other and hopefully more. So, I try and think about the party and the relationships and the connections between people as the stuff that matters. Because in the end mostly that’s what you’re writing.

John: Absolutely true.

We are back now in 2022. Craig is gone, because Craig was never actually really here. He just, through the magic tape, was here with us. It’s time for our One Cool Things. Megana, do you have a One Cool Thing to share with us?

Megana: I do. My One Cool Thing is the Hydroviv under-the-sink water filtration system.

John: Fantastic.

Megana: I drink a lot of water.

John: I can testify you do drink a lot of water, which is good. It’s healthy.

Megana: I do, yeah. My favorite type of water is room temperature tap water. Living in LA, it’s sometimes hard to drink straight from the tap.

John: To clarify, it is safe to drink from the tap. Sometimes it’s just not what you want.

Megana: In my new apartment, I was drinking from the tap, and it just tasted like I was drinking from a pool. I feel like I always had this metallic tang in my mouth. I was like, “Oh, it’s not great.” I was looking at different options. The Brita filter is just one step too many for me.

John: Absolutely. That’s where you’re filling the pitcher again and again. We used to have those in the house.

Megana: There’s just never enough water. I was looking at under-the-sink systems, because that seemed like the best option. I found this company. I originally found out about them on Shark Tank. Because of that, I wasn’t going to go with that.

John: I wouldn’t.

Megana: After doing research, I felt like they were the best option. They’re a little bit pricier. Their pitch is that they design filters that respond to city-specific needs. I put in my zip code, and then they would send me a customized thing back. I installed it myself. It’s been a couple of months. My water’s delicious.

John: That’s great. How often do you change the filters on this system?

Megana: Every six months.

John: That’s not so bad. That’s not bad at all. Here at the house, the whole house is on one water filter system, which has been really nice and convenient. We used to do Brita filter pitchers, and we don’t need to anymore. The water in our house though is okay for you, right?

Megana: Yeah, it’s so delicious. It’s one of the many reasons I look forward to coming to work.

John: My One Cool Thing is called BLOT2046. It is a manifesto. I’m really not sure what this website is I’m sending people to. It’s mysterious. There’s a signup for a mailing list. I haven’t signed up for it because I’m not sure if it’s a cult or what it is. Basically, on this page there are 46 bullet points. They were intriguing and sometimes opaque and mysterious. I’ll give you a sampling of three of them. Point 16 is, “Hypnotize yourself or someone else will,” which I get, is that if you’re not able to introspect and see what is it that you would get yourself to focus on, someone else is going to take that attention and pull it through.

“Work in the semi-open. Translucency, not transparency,” which I think is actually applicable to a lot of stuff we do in film and television is that you cannot be completely transparent about the things you’re working on, because they’re not ready to be seen by the world. Yet if you’d want to lock everything down where it’s completely opaque and impossible to see too early on, no one’s going to have a sense of what it is you’re working on. Translucency feels like a good word to be using there.

The final point, point 42, “There’s no away, no elsewhere, not really.” We think, “Oh, if I could ever get away,” but you really can’t get away. You have to find a way to get away within yourself.

Megana: I feel like that’s a strong theme in film and TV. Is this a manifesto for how to live your life, or is that unclear?

John: It’s really unclear. I think some of them are actually about manufacturing and sustainability. Really any of them felt like good prompts for writing, actually, that you could take any of these ideas and use them as a thematic touchpoint for a piece of storytelling.

Megana: Cool. It’s a cool, spooky website.

John: It is a very spooky website.

Megana: I would recommend the click.

John: That is our show for this week. Scriptnotes is produced by Megana Rao. It’s edited by Matthew Chilelli. Our outro this week is a vintage track by Rajesh Naroth. If you have an outro, you can send us a link to ask@johnaugust.com. That’s also the place where you can send longer questions. For short questions on Twitter, Craig is @clmazin. I’m @johnaugust. We have T-shirts. They’re great. You can find them at Cotton Bureau. We also have hoodies, which are lovely. You can find the show notes for this episode and all episodes at johnaugust.com. That’s also where you’ll find the transcripts and sign up for our weeklyish newsletter called Inneresting, which has lots of links to things about writing. You can sign up to become a Premium Member at scriptnotes.net, where you get all of the back-episodes and Bonus Segments, like the one we’re about to record on Stranger Things.

Megana: I cannot wait.

John: Megana Rao, thank you very much for joining me and for putting together this episode.

Megana: Of course. Thank you, John.

[Bonus Segment]

John: Speaking of group dynamics, there is one group we love more than any other. It is our Premium Members, so thank you for supporting the show. We are joined for this segment by Drew Marquardt, who is helping us out this summer working on the Scriptnotes book. Drew, welcome to the podcast in audio form, not text form like you’ve been dealing with.

Drew Marquardt: Thank you so much, both of you, for having me.

John: Great.

Drew: Am I Craig now?

John: You are in the Craig spot, so you have to have a lot of umbrage about all things. That’s good. That’s a good sigh.

Megana: That was a great impression.

John: It’s nice. We all just finished watching the first half of Season 4 of Stranger Things. Relevant to this episode about group dynamics, there were a lot of group dynamics at play within this first half of the season. There was a lot of place setting. There was a lot of just groups being put together and pulled apart and spread out all over. I thought, let’s talk about what we think so far of the show. Maybe start with a thumbs up, thumbs down. Megana Rao, are you thumbs up or thumbs down for this first seven episodes?

Megana: I am two thumbs up.

John: Two thumbs up. Drew, where are you?

Drew: I’m more of a single thumbs up, but I’m thumbs up.

John: I’m maybe one and a half thumbs up, if you can split a thumb, if you can divide a thumb. I liked a lot of this. I felt like the episodes were long, and longer than they needed to be in cases. I felt like they could’ve cut many of these 90-minute episodes down into 60 minutes and they would’ve been better episodes. Still, I wasn’t upset with the episodes I was watching.

Megana: I don’t know, it still felt like not enough for me.

John: You want more and more.

Megana: More and more. I love hanging out with these characters.

John: Let’s talk about the characters we’re hanging out with, because obviously this is going to be spoiler-heavy throughout. If you haven’t watched it and you aren’t planning to watch it, maybe pause this right now and come back after you’ve watched 19 hours of television. We start the season with our characters really spread out in very different places than we’ve seen before. They’re not all in our little town of Hawkins. Some are in Hawkins. Some are in California.

Megana: Some are in Russia.

John: Some are in Russia. People are spread out. Megana, controversially, you did not like any of the Russian segments?

Megana: Oh my gosh, I don’t know if I’m ready to publicly air that.

John: I think you were talking about friends of yours who had fast-forwarded through all the Russian stuff.

Megana: Friends of mine did. I watched everything. I did not fast-forward through any of the Russian plot lines. I don’t know, just where we are right now, I’m just not really interested in Russia as a villain. I just wanted everyone to be back together in Hawkins.

John: Drew, how much did they need to catch you up on who the characters were and where they were at the start of the show?

Drew: A little bit. It’s been three years or something like that.

Megana: Oh my gosh.

Drew: I felt like they did a good job jumping you right into the story. I initially felt like I was going to be confused by why Hopper was still alive. Even when Papa comes back, I thought there was going to be quite a lot of… They did a good job, I thought, of just giving you enough information to justify why it’s there and then move the story along, because we don’t really need to dwell on it.

John: I think I had a hard time remembering why was Eleven with Winona Ryder’s family and all that stuff. I knew they had left. That first episode was a lot of just putting the pieces on the table…

Megana: Totally.

John: …and reminding, okay, all these characters are still alive, and this is why they’re spread out. I thought centering it around spring break made a lot of sense, which was great. It was a lot of just reminding us who these characters were and where they are and the dynamics.

Megana: Who’s died and who’s recovering from what trauma.

Drew: I thought Jonathan had died, for some reason. I knew that Billy had died in Season 3. When he was back, I was like, “I thought he was long gone.”

John: I was ready for Jonathan to be long gone. Let’s jump forward then to the end of these seven episodes. One of the things I was talking with Megana about at lunch was I was really impressed by, when we get into Episode 7, the reveal of who the big bad is and how the big bad came to be and all that stuff. They’re actually doing the reveal split across two different plot lines and different timelines.

Megana: And dimensions.

John: And dimensions, basically, just to really expose who this character was and that this character was created by Eleven, and some strong misdirects along the way that Eleven was responsible for this horrible massacre that starts everything off this season.

Megana: I really loved the villain of the season. I think previously the villains from the Upside Down had been just these generic monsters. I love how personal this one is.

John: Keeping the characters separated though, from California to Hawkins, has been a little awkward. Eventually, it looks like they’re going to be trying to bring these characters back together. We have the California crew. Eleven is split off from them and is in a completely different environment. We have the main Hawkins group that’s sometimes in groups of two or three, small groups within there. We’re going to the sanitarium or places. Then we have all the Russia business, which is self-contained, the Alaska Russia business. It was a lot of juggling. I was noticing that most episodes would try to touch on every plot line except for one. There’d always be one group that was dropped out of it. There’d be episodes in which none of the California crew were part of it.

Megana: The one thing that I… Maybe you guys can explain this to me. I had trouble locating the Will-Mike relationship and why there was so much strife there and felt so bad for Will, because he’s been gone in the Upside Down for years.

John: He wasn’t gone for years though. Will? No.

Megana: Wasn’t he gone in the first and second season? Am I misremembering?

Drew: I think just the first season. Then he was a shadow walker in the second season, where it’s going mentally back and forth.

Megana: Got it.

Drew: I think he has a crush on Mike, right?

John: Yeah.

Drew: That’s what I was being telegraphed.

John: I think they’re trying to tap dance around his being gay or not being gay. It’s left up for audience interpretation. It feels like it’s inevitably going to come out. They’re not afraid of having gay characters, based on other gay characters they have in the show.

Megana: Then why do you think Mike was such a jerk to him?

John: I’m not quite sure why Mike is the way he is in this series at all?

Drew: That was less motivated to me. Mike hasn’t had as strong of a character, but maybe because I felt like they had abandoned Will or they didn’t know what to do with Will after Season 1 for quite a long time. At least in this, there feels like there’s much more a thrust for his character, and he’s going after something. Mike is good. Mike is moving along the plot, but he’s not really.

John: He’s not moving along the plot very much. Curious what he does in the second half of this. Let’s talk about the new characters who were added, because it’s already a giant cast, and they add just a lot of new people in. Some of them are going to be like, oh, you were established in this episode, and therefore you’ll be dead by the end of the episode, which is a classic trope. Some of those people look like they are going to be sticking around, which is surprising to me, and yet this is where we’re at.

Megana: I love Argyle. I know some of you have very strong opinions on him.

John: Argyle is pizza guy?

Megana: Pizza guy.

John: I cannot stand Argyle.

Drew: I like Argyle.

John: You like Argyle?

Drew: Yeah.

John: To me, he feels like just the broadest stereotype.

Megana: He’s California.

John: He’s California. Tell me why you like Argyle, Drew.

Drew: It might be a fondness for the actor. He was in Booksmart too. He’s great. Something about his personality I just enjoy. For some reason, he feels like a nice foil to that, because they really do make that plot line, especially when the soldiers come into the house in Episode 4 or something like that. It’s nice to have him having a bit of levity, because otherwise I think that would be very heavy.

John: It can be very heavy. I thought these soldiers storming into the house was actually one of the most effective things they’ve done all season, where they’ve established a plan for what they’re going to do, and then suddenly all bets are off, and then suddenly there are people storming in. The thing you did not expect to happen at all suddenly happens, which is nice to see. Do I believe that the army is after their own people in that way and that that one guy’s being tortured? Not really. I did like the surprise of suddenly there’s armed weapons in the house.

Drew: I may be most confused by that little bit of storyline. Then the torturing, the one survived, the guy afterwards, I’m not quite sure what that’s all about.

John: I wasn’t expecting for them to be burying bodies in the desert, that our little high school kids are burying bodies in the desert. That’s a shift there.

Megana: They seemed to move on really quickly from that.

John: These kids have been through a lot of trauma. I think there’s just so much to work through. A thing we were talking about is that in shows like Buffy the Vampire Slayer, there’s a metaphysical explanation for why no one in Sunnydale ever talks about the weird stuff that happens in Sunnydale. There’s not a lot of acknowledgement in Hawkins that they’ve been through a tremendous amount. Somehow, nobody recognizes that something horrible is happening here. The biggest we have is the angry pitchforks mob meeting that happens. It doesn’t feel like they’re acknowledging all the stuff that we’ve seen happen in Hawkins.

Megana: I feel like if I were one of these characters, I would have a harder time keeping up all these lies that my friends and I are telling the rest of the town.

John: It’s true. Also, what’s happened to the mall? Did they rebuild the mall? What’s going on there? We never get back to the mall.

Drew: They mention the mall fire a few times. I couldn’t even remember how Season… I remembered Billy died at the end of Season 3, but I didn’t remember that that burned down.

John: Also, this season, I was impressed by… I felt like Eleven in California was really awkward. It was useful to see that she can’t do normal teen things, and she’s actually not perceived as being gifted there, but actually being slow, and so she’s undereducated and really struggling. The stuff once they actually brought her back into the lab was impressively handled. The handoff between her and the little actress who’s playing the younger version of her was very smartly done.

Drew: Do you feel like they’re challenging her character in a way that they haven’t done before? That was something that struck me but I didn’t remember in Season 2 or Season 3. It feels like this is a good escalation for her character between Vecna and all of these different things and bringing Papa back too.

Megana: I feel like I was most interested in her at school struggling, because I think the stuff with Papa and all of that… I love that she is facing and unearthing that stuff, but it feels like a place we’ve seen her before, where she’s isolated from the rest of the group, figuring stuff out with her own powers.

John: Drew, because we have you on the show, you are an actor, and so you are young enough that you could play one of these teenage characters.

Drew: That’s being very kind.

John: Are you noticing any things that they’re doing to try to seem young? They are considerably older than the characters they’re supposed to be playing.

Drew: I haven’t picked up on anything. I haven’t been acting for a while. I see them as the professionals and letting the professionals do that. I’m trying to remember. I’m really impressed with Lucas’s little sister, who I forget her name.

Megana: Erica.

Drew: Erica.

Megana: Love her.

Drew: She rules. She’s not trying to play… She’s clearly not 11 or however old she’s supposed to be in that. She’s just playing it as her age, which I think is smart, because I think to an 11-year-old too you are at the top of your intelligence all the time. She’s the person who’s coming to mind as an example of doing it correctly. I don’t really notice anyone playing younger in an awkward way or bumbling way.

John: One of the things they have to do in that first episode too is establish the baseline of this is how the characters are and how they’re going to act. We’re getting set that these characters are this age from the rest of this on. The fact that Steve seems a lot older than the rest of them, but he’s only supposed to be two years older than the rest of them, which is just… We’re going with it, for me.

Megana: He’s a couple years out of high school now.

John: He’s that old, supposed to be?

Megana: I thought so, because he graduated and is now working around town, or am I misremembering?

Drew: I’ve also lost the timeline on Steve and on Nancy, because I assumed that she had already graduated, she graduated with him, but that is totally wrong.

Megana: I think she’s still in school.

Drew: She’s still in school, because she’s doing the paper.

John: She’s still supposed to be in high school or in some sort of local college?

Megana: That kid Fred is definitely in high school, the one that she works with. I also have no idea how old Robin is. Do we ever see her at school?

Drew: That’s a good point.

Megana: I love her character.

John: I don’t know if she’s still in school or not. I don’t think we’ve seen her at school at all. We’ve seen her at school, because she is in the marching band. She’s still in school. We’ve now stalled long enough that Megana can talk about Steve Harrington and why the show should entirely be about Steve Harrington and everyone else is just there to pass the time.

Megana: I feel like I had a major funk last week where I was reading fan theories and people were like, “Steve is definitely going to die.” I’m embarrassed by how I processed that. I love Steve Harrington. I think he’s so charming. As I was telling John, he’s a big part of maybe the biggest reason that I watch the show is to get to a Steve scene.

John: Are you hoping that Steve and Nancy get back together? Is that a goal for you, or you just want Steve and whatever?

Megana: That’s interesting. I don’t know. I think Nancy and Jonathan are a good fit. I just love Steve’s friendship with Robin. The Steve-Dustin relationship/Steve and Eddie fighting over Dustin is now my favorite thing to watch.

John: Can you explain Jonathan and why Jonathan’s a character that anyone cares about?

Megana: I don’t know how I’ve gotten myself into this position. He’s a loyal older brother. I think that he’s burdened with this responsibility of taking care of his family, and he’s struggling to do that. He was more of a creep in the first season. I found him really compelling for that reason, just this misunderstood, lovesick boy who’s taking these creepy pictures of Nancy. I feel like we’ve lost that bit. Maybe him being a protective older brother.

John: I get that. Let’s wrap up with our Deadpool. Who do we think is not going to make it through the end of the full Season 4? I’ve got my opinion, but I’m curious what you think.

Drew: I hope we don’t lose Eddie, but I think we might. They’ve done a great job. I don’t know, I fell in love with him from Episode 1. I’m a big Eddie fan. I think that’s only to rip my heart out, which would be too bad, because I think he’s a really good addition to the cast. I might say Steve.

Megana: No.

Drew: I know. I’m so sorry. I think they’re going to go for it.

Megana: I think so too. I think that’s why I’m so heartbroken.

John: I’m going to guess Mike, who hasn’t done a lot this season, but I think will actually pick up a little bit. I feel like he wants to leave the show too. It doesn’t seem like he’s going to be sticking around.

Drew: That’s good.

John: I don’t know. We’ll see.

Megana: Anyone but Steve.

John: Anyone but Steve. Dustin they can’t lose. It would be very surprising to lose Dustin. I think they could lose Eleven. It would be a big shock to lose Eleven, but you could.

Drew: Maybe Will, because I think they’ve been vamping with his character for a few seasons. Now they have a little bit, but if we-

John: The problem is, you kill Will, then you’re back into the kill your gays meme, bury your gays, and that’s not good.

Drew: That’s [inaudible 01:19:15].

Megana: I did read an interesting thing about maybe Jonathan dies and then Will becomes evil or turns evil. I think that also would fall into the same meme of having a gay character as the villain.

John: That’s Willow from Buffy.

Megana: As long as Steve’s there.

John: As long as Steve’s there, it doesn’t really matter what happens to the rest of the group. Just the Steve show. Thank you guys.

Megana: Thank you.

Drew: Thank you.

John: Bye.

Links:

  • Scriptnotes Episode 360: Relationships
  • Scriptnotes Episode 395: All in this Together
  • Scriptnotes Episode 383: Splitting the Party
  • Stranger Things on Netflix
  • Hydroviv Water Filter
  • Blot 2046 Manifesto
  • Get a Scriptnotes T-shirt!
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  • Craig Mazin on Twitter
  • John August on Twitter
  • John on Instagram
  • Outro by Rajesh Naroth (send us yours!)
  • Scriptnotes is produced by Megana Rao (ft. our summer intern Drew Marquardt and segments by Megan McDonnell) and edited by Matthew Chilelli.

Email us at ask@johnaugust.com

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