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Scriptnotes, Episode 695: Advice to a Young Film Student (with Scott Frank), Transcript

July 30, 2025 Scriptnotes Transcript

The original post for this episode can be found here.

John August: Hey, this is John. A standard warning for people who are in the car with their kids, there’s some swearing in this episode.

[music]

John: Hello and welcome. My name is John August.

Craig Mazin: Umm. My name is Craig Mazin.

John: You’re listening to episode 695 of Scriptnotes. It’s a podcast about screenwriting and things that are interesting to screenwriters.

Often on this program, we offer advice to young filmmakers and screenwriters on the next steps they should take in their career. Today on the show, we’re going to turn our attention instead to a young development executive or aspiring development executive and offer her our guidance. How do you become an exec, an agent, a manager, a producer?

We’ll talk about the first steps and next steps she should consider. I also want to talk about intrinsic versus extrinsic motivations and how they interact to form story with a specific example of the police procedural. To help us do this, we welcome back Scott Frank, a legendary screenwriter and director whose credits include Out of Sight, Minority Report, Queen’s Gambit, and the new Department Q on Netflix. Welcome back, Scott Frank.

Scott Frank: Thank you for having me. I’m mildly happy to be here.

Craig: Well, that makes one of you.

Scott: Yes, thank you.

Craig: And so it begins.

[laughter]

John: You actually had an agenda coming in here, too, because you said you wanted to talk about how we’re educating writers. Give us a little sense of what you want to dive into.

Scott: I just noticed because I mentor quite a few writers, and I’ve been doing, as you’ve been doing, the Sundance Lab for now, I think, 30 years or something.

John: I’m only 25 years. You got me there.

Scott: Okay, good. The thing I’m noticing a lot at the labs, in particular, we get a lot of people post film school, and it’s amazing what’s not being taught. It’s amazing the kind of approach to writing that I see increasingly. The discussion about writing has become, I think, co-opted by what I would consider craft issues and good student issues and not really voice issues and intention issues and things like that. One of the great things about the lab is we always start with the conversation about intention. We arrive at craft later. I feel like there’s a lot of discussion about reverse engineering screenplays. I’ll get more into that as we talk later, but that’s become my pet issue.

Craig: This is great. I can take the week off and not talk about all those things [laughs] because I have a feeling you and I agree about quite a bit of it. If there’s anything we can do to help, I don’t know if there is, but if there’s anything we can do to help, because I do think that people, at least some of the film schools listen to this, including the professors, that maybe we can offer some guidance that might be a practical value.

John: I love it.

Scott: As an AFI dropout, and I do think AFI is probably the best of the bunch actually because it’s more of a workshop, but these film schools are so– I feel like in order to justify the cost, they create these curriculums full of classes that are writing the thriller, outlining, writing a half hour. It’s all nonsense to me. It’s really about being able to make mistakes. It’s about getting comfortable with the mess. It’s wrong until it’s right. There is no way to game writing. There is no way to get ahead of it. It’s just being comfortable with that feeling of it’s not working, it’s not working, oh, it’s working.

You can talk about outlining. You can talk about a three-act structure. You can talk about setups, payoffs, conflict, all the things people like to talk about, but it’s really irrelevant without the real conversation, which is one about intention to begin with, and then mindfulness in terms of spinning yarn, which is really what we do, and then we apply the craft later. If you start with the craft, it feels built.

I see it happening all the time where people are talking about these things that are very craft-oriented. A lot of the things that people have arrived at, whether it’s screenwriting books or podcasts, a lot of it is looking back and analyzing something, which is very different.

Craig: It sure is.

Scott: You can look at a script and say, “Oh, look at that,” but when you’re writing it, I feel like it’s trial and error, and you have to be comfortable with getting it wrong over and over and over and over again. That’s where the best stuff happens, through those happy accidents.

John: I think we can hopefully get into a bit of the syllabus of the Scott Frank film school that does not exist as we dive into it.

In our bonus segment for premium members, I would also like to talk about education in general and how we educate our kids, because the three of us had kids who went through public schools, private schools, alternative schools. Now that we’re on the other side of that, I want to talk about the lessons we’ve learned and things we would do differently where we’re just starting over now in 2025 with kids.

First, we’ve got some follow-up. Drew, we had some follow-up about movies they don’t make anymore.

Drew Marquardt: Phillip wrote in. We had talked about the decline of sex in movies. Phillip wrote, “I recently read the story from 2021 about how the action superhero genre has people with perfect bodies and no interest in sex.”

John: It has the best headline, I think, for this saying, “Everybody is beautiful and no one is horny,” which feels very true about our superhero movies. It’s a story by RS Benedict writing for Blood Knife. We’ll put a link in the show notes for that. I think it’s just really true, like we have a bunch of sexless gods in our superhero movies.

Craig: Yes, I guess that’s true. The superhero movies are probably a subset of the larger PG-13-ification of the world. Even the rated R-ification of the world, they’re happy with violence, they’re happy with horror. We’ve talked about this before, but it does feel like there is a generation that’s like, “If I want sex on screen, I’ll watch any of the 14 trillion porn videos available to me. Why would I want that in this? This isn’t for that. Porn is for sex.”

They maybe have a point because sex on film has always been weird to me. The dramatized sex on film, I struggle. I’ve written two sex scenes in my life, and you can feel the camera wanting to drift towards the fireplace. [chuckles] It’s brutal. What do you do? Basically, the movie says you can be sexy up until a point, and then it’s fireplace time so you really can’t, whereas we can blow someone’s head off, and that’s interesting.

John: Scott and I have both written some sex scenes that I actually shot, and I think were good. The three-way sex scene in Go, it’s sexy and then there’s a fire burst out, so there’s a point to it. I think one of the real challenges of sex scenes is like, well, if it’s just the sex scene because of the sex scene, then it’s frustrating. If there’s character moments that’s happening, if it’s Jennifer Lopez and George Clooney in the trunk of a car and there’s a character happening there, that’s a different kind of sex scene. That’s something you don’t get in porn.

Scott: Yes, and I also think there are two things that drive me crazy vis-à-vis sex on film. One is when people are deliberately avoiding the physicality. They’re in bed having sex, and she’s wearing her bra or t-shirt or fur coat, and it’s so clearly perfunctory exercise, and now we’re having a sex scene, but we’re not really going to have a sex scene.

Then the gratuitous on the other side where it’s just as perfunctory where you cut to this other thing that feels like rote, now they’re in bed and there’s nothing learned, nothing gained, there’s nothing awkward or uncomfortable or interesting about it, there’s no conversation during it. You’re not exploring character, you’re just exploring naked people, and that’s a problem. There are movies where sex is done really well, I think.

John: Yes, I thought Anora did sex incredibly well. Obviously, it was crucial to the story, but it was interesting, it was fun. It was never gratuitous. The plot was happening as the sex scenes were happening.

Craig: We’re not going to be seeing that– we’re talking about big movies, right?

John: Yes, we’re talking about big movies.

Craig: Big movies used to have sex and then they don’t.

Scott: Yes.

John: I think I may have mentioned this last week, I watched Altered States for the first time, and like Altered States, there’s sex scenes in it, there’s nudity, there’s all this stuff. That’s not the point of it, but it’s because the characters would have been doing that stuff, and so we’re doing it.

Craig: Well, also in the ‘70s and ‘80s, people thought it was fun. They liked it. They thought it was exciting, and it was a draw.

John: It was a draw.

Scott: Take Body Heat, it’s part of the plot. It’s how she manipulates him through sex. There’s a scene where she literally leads him by the dick, and you’re going, “That is the point of why this is happening.” He’s showing you how she has completely got this guy under her physical spell.

Craig: It does feel like the audience, when people say, “Well, everyone is beautiful and no one is horny,” this is a guy named, or a woman named, RS Benedict. I don’t know if it’s a man or a woman, but this writer, RS Benedict, I’m guessing, is complaining. I do feel like when you talk to people who are younger than we are, which is 98% of the world’s population, they’re like, “I don’t know if I want to see this cringy shit on film.”

It isn’t what it was for us, and I think in part because, putting aside the artistic value that a good sex scene has, it could be as good or bad as a fist fight. It could have as much character or not character as a fist fight. When we were watching movies as 20-somethings, it was harder to see sex on film. It was harder to see nudity on film. It was special, and now it is not. It’s just not.

Scott: Yes.

John: I saw F1, and there is a sex moment in it, basically, but it just skips over. They start to, and then you come back to it at the end. Movies of a different time would have actually shown that thing, and it would have been a bigger deal, and the movie just skips right over. It was the right choice for that movie, but it is a little bit frustrating that we don’t have those moments anymore.

Craig: I got to be honest, I’m not frustrated. I’m okay. I’m with the kids. It’s tough. I do feel a little squirmy.

John: This whole conversation stemmed out of a discussion last week about genres of movies that Gen X (sic.) has just not seen at all because they haven’t made them. Sex thrillers was one of them, but spoof movies was another. There’s a whole big list of them. My point was that if people never have any exposure to a certain kind of movie, they won’t even know what to do with it. They won’t have a vocabulary for it. They might not know that they’d love it if they’ve never seen one of them.

What I propose for our listeners is write in with your suggestions for what are the genres that people should see at least one movie in that genre of? You can offer examples from that, but I’m really more curious about what are the genres that people should see at least one of? I’ve seen very few Japanese horror movies, and I feel like that’s a whole genre that I should see at least one of those. I’d love that list of what are the 15 or 20 things that everyone should at least give one of those movies a shot, because there could be something there that you probably love, you just don’t know about it yet.

Scott: Well, it’s tricky because I’m not even sure you need to break it down by genre. There are movies that you should just see that are either part of the canon, or they speak to you in some– I’ll recommend a movie specific to somebody I know in terms of their point of view, and so on. You want to talk about Japanese horror, I say, “Okay, go watch the Audition,” whatever it is.

John: Exactly, but I don’t even know what that is, and so I think I need to be told like, “Oh, Japanese horror is a thing,” because I might not even know that. Then like, “Okay, what are the examples within that to consider?”

Scott: The question is, do you need to watch it? Do you need to watch it by genre? I feel like, again, going back to this, it’s storytelling stuff, and the way different cultures tell stories and the way– It’s not just Japanese horror, there are Japanese police years, there’s all kinds of different things. Just watching Japanese cinema, getting exposed to that in general, you can go on a huge deep dive, where one part of it is horror, same with French cinema, you can go down the deep dive. There are great psychological thrillers, erotic thrillers, and then there’s great comedy in France too and all kinds of things. Whatever country you want, pick one, we could do this forever.

I feel like when I watch these movies, I’m watching them to see how they’re telling the story more than anything. You’re always on the make for filmmaking things as well, but it’s like, “Wow, this is a different sort of story,” particularly European films because American films are now conceptual and everything sort of services, the concept. You can predict what the story of F1 would be or something and occasionally in a big movie, we get surprised. I feel like a lot of these films, they’re great to watch for storytelling, period, the end.

John: In part because you just don’t know what’s going to happen.

Scott: Exactly.

John: You don’t have a set of expectations, you come into it with a thing. I guess my counterargument would be that if you had a sense of what those genres were, then you could understand what they’re doing that’s different from that. You might understand like, “Oh, this is how this fits into this framework.”

Scott: Of course, yes, I think that’s true too. As a corollary to that, tone is something no one talks about in terms of writing because tone is super hard, both for writing and directing for that matter. Tone and transitions are the two most neglected thing you have in conversations about storytelling, I think.

John: That’s pretty good. Craig, you’re silent, but it’s because you agree.

Craig: What can I say? I’ve been talking about transitions. I feel like I’ve said the word transitions too many times, [laughs] so this is great. We’ll get to our complaining section, when Scott and I have a complain off. It is the part that hurts me the most. I think I try and be very positive about the things that we talk about on the show. When we do our three-page challenges, we’ll zero in on this.

When I watch movies or television shows, the first thing that hurts is fumble transitions, lack of transitions, clunky transitions because it’s not just a matter of a director failing to go, “Oh, big to small, far to close,” whatever it is, it’s just a lack of attention to the fact that one scene is following another. It contrasts to another. It exists in relationship to what came before it, and it is preparing you for what comes after it. The lack of transitions is an indication that I’m not in safe hands, and this happens all the time. Yes, when we get to our complaining section, we’ll get in– We’ve done entire episodes about transitions.

Scott: Also, it should be in the script. It should be in the storytelling [crosstalk]

John: Of course, 100%.

Scott: It should be you read a novel. There are great transitions in novels.

Craig: Scott, no one’s teaching novel writers to not direct on the page. Let’s save this for when we get into our film school thing, because that is, I think, the number one crime of writing education [laughs] for the screen is this terror of the DGA coming to whisk you away in the middle of the night for writing “close on.”

Scott: Well, it’s all in how you do it, too.

Craig: Everything is, everything is.

John: Well, this is actually a very good transition into our short marquee topic, which is advice to this young film student who’s an actual real person. We’ll call her Lisa for this discussion. She came into the office. She was a classmate of my daughters in high school. She’s now halfway through undergrad film school, a good film school. She’s a really smart young woman. She had questions about the next thing she should be doing. She’d gone to film school with the intention of becoming maybe a cinematographer.

She really wanted to get in the production side of things. She realized, after two years of film school, that was probably not what she actually enjoyed. She did not like the physical production of it all. We didn’t dig into this, but I think she also might not really like film students because there are some really annoying film bros who are doing that stuff. What she actually really loved was storytelling development. She really loved the making of big movies aspect of this. As we were sitting there across from her, I was like, “Oh, I think you are exactly right, that you are a prototypical, wonderful, young development executive.”

You see her, it’s like, “Oh, I can completely envision you in that office, in the meeting, having a discussion about a script.” We talked to her about taste, about knowing what you want, what you don’t want, being able to go into an interview or a meeting and describe the kinds of movies that you love, being able to talk about– I don’t know, she says, “I like big mainstream movies.”

I kept pushing her, I’m like, “Be able to tell us why. Be able to talk about the recent films that you loved and why you love them. Be able to talk about, specifically from your perspective as a 20-year-old, what are the kinds of stories that you’re not seeing about your generation being told? What are the things that they should look to you as being a good voice on? Because those are the kinds of things that make you so valuable in those rooms.”

Scott and Craig, you’ve both been in a lot of meetings with a lot of young development executives. What are some other things that impress you when you meet one of them and say, “Oh, this kid is going places.”?

Craig: Typically, for me, it’s nothing specific that they say. It’s not the fact that they know a particular movie or that they have a single great note. It’s that I can sense that there is raw processing power. They’re smart. They have a point of view. They know how to have a conversation. They aren’t there trying to know everything, nor are they there to be a student at your feet or anyone else’s feet.

When you meet somebody with processing power, it’s exciting. Not that there aren’t a lot of people at these companies that aren’t smart. There are, but at that tier, when you’re talking about these junior executives, you’re going to meet a lot where you just think, “Probably in 15 years I’m not going to see you around.” When you meet one where you’re like, “Ooh, look at the big brain on Brad,” then, yes, it’s exciting.

Scott: I think that’s true. Let’s assume they’re all smart. I’ve met very few really dumb, especially younger executives in particular.

Craig: [chuckles] All the old ones.

Scott: Yes, but they’re not. They’re smart. The problem is the conversation that you’re having. Most often, you’re having the wrong conversation. Again, I’m going to use this word over and over, and it’s going to be annoying, but intention is never discussed. They confuse agenda with intention.

John: Pull those apart for us, tell us.

Scott: A lot of times, they’ll have an agenda in both directions. It’ll be stuff they want to do and stuff they are afraid to do or don’t want to do, and so the whole conversation that you’re having about the story is filtered through that. Whether they’re overtly saying it or trying to push it and goose it into a certain direction, you feel that way. Instead of saying to– again, this goes back to Sundance, instead of saying to the filmmaker or the storyteller, let’s call them the storyteller, what is it you’re trying to do?

What is it you want to do? In the case of Lisa, your example, the best conversations are not just why she likes the movie in particular, but also what it is about the story, and I love how they did this in the story. It’s rarely done that way. It’s comparing movies with other– you read pitches, and it’s a lot like Succession meets The Last of Us. They’re comparing all these things, it’s going to be awesome.

There’s a lot of that. Instead of starting with, “Okay, what is it you want to tell? Why do you want to tell it?” Then having a conversation in that direction, making it downhill, not challenging it so much as– The problem, I think, is because people are smart, they feel every idea becomes instantly transparent. They feel the need to see through it right away instead of, “Let’s jam for a minute and see what this is.” A bunch of musicians get together, they’re just going to play and see what happens and see what they can create together.

Even if you’re going in to pitch, even if you’re going in for a meeting, you want to find a way to engage people in a conversation that isn’t just me, “I’m here for an interview. I’m going to tell you about my CV and my background and all the things. This is what I like. I like the flavor strawberry, I like the color green and I like to be warm, not cold.” That’s okay, but when you can get people communicating through storytelling, it’s always, always a stronger, better conversation.

Then everybody’s inside it in the same way so that when you’re actually making it, shooting it, we’ve had this conversation with the actors, with everybody and going, “Well, did you change your mind because that’s really what we said we wanted to do, and we still want to do that, or we don’t in some cases.” For me, the conversation to begin with is always wrong. It’s framed most of the time wrong. When you turn in a draft, they’re talking about length. “You know what? Fuck you. It’s too long.” They’re always too long. Every episode will be too long.

Every draft will be too long until we cut it. Right now, just let me tell the fucking story, and we’ll get the story right, and then we’ll figure out how to tell it more efficiently. You’re telling me that it’s 140 pages is too long. What the fuck do I need you to tell me that for? That’s the kinds of things they’re doing. They’re drawing from these mechanical ideas a lot of the time, that’s only one example.

Craig: I do try and keep in mind that that’s what– I’m only seeing the little bit of the iceberg above the water, and below it, they are in meetings being told, “Don’t come in here with a script that’s blah, blah, blah. Also, here’s what I want and here’s what matters. By the way, this guy’s going to come in and talk about intention for an hour. I need you to get him to make this like that movie [chuckles] instead of that movie.”

I try and keep in mind they also have a whole other life and a boss, and it’s not me because I’m like you, I want to always try and get to, “Okay, here’s what I’m going for. What are you going for?” Part of it also is me, almost quietly like a person that walks by someone that might be in trouble, and I’m like, “Just blink twice if you’re in trouble, and we can just quietly talk.” I’ll cover you. I’m never going to call your boss and go, “Well, they didn’t care about the link.” I’ll cover you on that. Let’s just have a quiet conversation away from your boss.

Scott: I’m going to push back hard because I think if you–

Craig: Do you agree?

Scott: Yes.

Craig: I didn’t state what I said fervently enough.

Scott: [laughs] I really think the problem with that is if you’re trying to be tricky from the beginning and have an understanding and so on, I feel like eventually you’re postponing the inevitable. You’re going to run into those people you’re talking about. I’m well aware that they’re being told, “We’re not going to make anything, period. We’re not going to do anything that’s about this or about that and so on and so forth.”

At the same time, everybody is looking for something golden. They’re looking for something different. They were looking for something that feels, sounds, smells different than everything else. You could be telling a story that might fit with what they’re looking for, but how you have that conversation, make it not feel like you could– We’ve all been in these pitches where you sit there, and it just feels like fucking homework.

I say very little in a pitch. When I pitch something, I’m just telling the story. I’m just saying, “This is why I wanted to tell this story. This is what I love about it.” I give the once upon a time of it. Then I let them ask questions because I don’t want to sit there and have them say, “Well, when you say you’re talking about them living in Encino, does it have to be Encino? Did you mean the valley? Were you talking about California?” Because shooting in California–“ whatever it is that triggers them, and it’s everything that triggers them, so I try to find a different level to have these conversations on.

That’s really what I’m referring to because you’re right, Craig, they are being beat up from above. Also, the good executives, the ones that are going to have a career, go, “Listen, I know you’re not looking for this thing, but here’s a story about 1921, whatever, that’s really fucking good. Someone’s going to make it. Maybe you don’t want to make it, but I’m going to show you this person and this idea. If you don’t want to make this, we should at least work with this person. We should at least buy them if you’re not willing to buy this project.”

John: Before we can get Lisa in the media across from Scott Frank, where he– tell me what you think, or realistically, probably not Scott Frank, but Drew. Before we get her into those meetings where she gets to have those meetings with writers, she needs to get that first job. She needs to get that first spot, and she has two more years of film school and has decisions to make after that. My advice to Lisa was, she’s already in film school. She should probably not do grad school right away. She’s learned as much as she’s going to learn in this system for right now.

Her next priority needs to be meeting a bunch of writers. She’s in a place where she can meet a bunch of– some could be good, some are going to be terrible writers at her school. This is an opportunity for her to read those scripts and figure out how to form relationships, and also just actually help writers get to their best next draft, and that’s a process too. She has to learn how to do that. She’s going to get some shitty notes for a while and have some successes and failures, but better that she’s doing that with writers who are also learning than to try to give a note to me or Craig or to Scott and have it just tank.

Craig: If you give a note, and it tanks, it tanks, but there’s ways to– Look, obviously if somebody that I’ve known for 30 years and who should know better gives me a really stupid note, I’m going to be like, “Come on.” If it’s someone who’s starting out, and they give me a clunky note, I’m going to be kind to them because I don’t want the lesson to be writers are dicks.

I want the lesson to be, “Someone took care of me and explained to me why that isn’t helpful, but here’s something that is helpful because it doesn’t cost anything to do.” One thing that I’m keying on that you said that is absolutely true is when you begin this job as an executive and a development executive, you are mostly going to be assigned to people that are beginning as writers.

You will get a chance to grow up. Neither side of you knows what you’re doing. No one knows what they’re doing. Everybody is tripping over their own shoelaces, so laugh about it, trip over each other’s shoelaces. Nobody should feel superior to anyone else. What ends up happening is ideally both of you, the new writer and the new executive, know what you’re talking about and have value and insight. If one of you does, that one will continue on. [laughs] If neither of you do, God help us all, it’s just going to be sad. I don’t care. Nobody comes out of the shoot just hitting three pointers. That’s not a thing. You don’t know what you’re doing. How could you?

Scott: Well, you just don’t know what you’re doing for the rest of your career. Every new project, you start not knowing what you’re doing again. I’m not being glib. It’s true. Once you get into it, it’s all a new organic organism. You’ve just cut open a different body that’s got different things going on. It’s all new. I completely agree with a lot of that and all of that, really. I think that it doesn’t mean that you have to be like everybody else. If you’re like everybody else– There are two kinds of writers I found now, very distinct.

There are people who are bodies in a room who are contributing and working that way and throwing out ideas and writing drafts and doing things like that, and there are creators. Who do you want to be?

John: As a person who wants to be working in future development, who wants to make movies, those are creators. You have to be excited to be in a relationship with people who are struggling to deliver a two-hour movie that makes sense, that is so hard to do, and that the writer will trust you and push back against you, but also understand where you’re going, and that just takes practice. It takes taste also. I feel like Lisa needs to read her classmates’ work and give notes on her classmates’ work and be really excited about that, but at the same time, she needs to read really good scripts. She needs to read the screenplays for her favorite movies to understand what that actually looks like on a page.

She probably needs to read everything that makes the blacklist each year so she has an understanding of where is the market right now? Where is the taste right now and how does she react to it? What are the things that she really loves? Who are the writers that she needs to be trying to follow and trying to understand? Because when she goes in for a meeting at whatever production company, Hello Sunshine or whatever it is, to be able to talk about these are the writers who are really exciting and why.

It could be some names that are on that list, but names that are not on the list because she’s read them because they’re classmates, that’s going to be helpful and impressive in getting her that chance to be in that room with other real writers.

Scott: You’re talking about someone who wants to be an executive, not a writer, though.

John: To be clear, this is a young woman who definitely wants to– she’s not a writer. She wants to be a development executive or a producer or an agent, or a manager. She’s going to probably go through one of the agency training programs, which I think is another good way to see a bunch of stuff and understand how the business works. No, she definitely does not see herself as a writer, the person who’s writing the script.

Craig: That’s okay.

Scott: Yes, which is great.

Craig: Somebody’s got to do it.

Scott: Craig will love this, but I just now fully understood that she didn’t want to be a writer.

Craig: Let’s go, let’s get grandpa’s pudding and– [laughs]

Scott: Give me my Jell-O and my blanket, and I’ll be fine.

Craig: At least he’ll give him pudding, but it’s too much for him.

Scott: I was off on this whole other thing, but I understand. When she’s coming in the room and talking about– it’s a whole other kind of thing, and it’s something which I probably don’t know how to help her with it. I don’t know how people [crosstalk]

John: Yes, but that’s the thing you really do because you know what it’s like to be on the other side, and you have a– I think writers have a certain amount of experience. We should have the ability to empathize and put ourselves in the places of those people who are giving us those notes, and I’ve been one kind of, and I’ve been around so many of those people. You get a sense of what their– you say what their agenda is, what their intention is. Your distinction there is really important because an agenda is like you came into this room with a list of things you had to accomplish, versus your intention is a more deeply seated, like this, “I’m trying to make these kinds of movies. I’m trying to tell these kinds of stories.”

Craig: Well, the thing that probably would help when you talk about– taste is a tough one because who knows, and it is a weird business, where 1 out of 100 people might think a script is good, and then it turns out that’s what the audience wants. It’s difficult, but I would say if you’re going to go down that path of being a studio executive, before you get that job, before you ever set foot in one of those buildings, know what you want to make.

Aside from what you think people would want you to make, aside from what you think they’re going to promote you for, or pay you more for, anything, just know, okay, here’s something pure. More than writers, we have something pure all the time. We have some story that we’re clinging to, and then we defend it to various levels of success, but they only get this one thing. This is their one life preserver, and then they are in the ocean for the rest of their careers. They better have a life preserver. It better be that touchstone that they can come back to; otherwise, they’re doomed.

Scott: What word would you use to describe knowing what you want to do?

Craig: Intention sounds pretty good, although I think I would, in this case, it’s really more–

Scott: Come on, can’t you give it to me? [laughs]

Craig: No, because this one actually is an aspiration, so this is aspirational. I feel like, okay, you’re a 19 or 20-year-old. You want to be in the movie business as an executive. Why? Because what I would love more than anything is to be there to help someone like a new Tarantino come along and make Pulp Fiction when everyone else is saying no. That’s the thing I want, that’s my aspiration. That’s what I’m praying and hoping for. Just know you’re not going to get anywhere near that for five years, but at least you have that there, so when it happens, [laughs] you’ll recognize it.

John: I’m recognizing an echo here because I do want to talk about intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation. I think, Scott, your split between agenda and intention is that. In intention, it feels like an inner thing that’s pushing you towards a thing, like this is a thing that’s driving you. Intrinsic motivation is the thing that is taking a character and making them go on that quest and make them feel like this is a thing I have to do, and I have to achieve, versus extrinsic motivation, which is they are being called upon, forced to do a thing in order to meet the plot requirements of the story. That agenda feels like an extrinsic motivation, like it’s being forced upon the character rather than something that’s coming from inside.

I actually want to circle this back to your show, Department Q, because one of the things that really struck me about the pilot that I really loved, and we’re not going to spoil some stuff that happens in the show. As we meet the Carl Mørck character who is at the center of this, extrinsic motivation is pushing him through a lot of it. He’s basically forced into taking over this cold case department that doesn’t really want to do.
It doesn’t match his intrinsic motivation, which is to solve the mystery of who shot him and get some closure on that and move forward, and he’s not being allowed to. What’s so interesting, in a feature, that tension would be tougher to manage, but in a series, that’s actually a nice engine to help tell stories. Was that a thing that was always present as you came upon this book and started on this project?

Scott: Wow.

John: Do you even identify that as being an engine of your story?

Scott: What I was thinking as you were speaking, and it’s what I’ve always thought is, “Man, John is really smart.”

[laughter]

Scott: All I think about is, and this also goes back to what Craig was just talking about, it’s I don’t think about any of that ahead of time, or even during. I am just trying to make people talk to one another. If I can’t make them talk to one another, it means I don’t know them. If I really know them, the plot is going to come from that. At some point, I may look back at it and analyze it this way or that way, say it’s too long, or we’re away from this too much, or we’ve lost this character, whatever it is.

There are certain craft things that I apply much later. For the beginning, I just want to get lost and confused and play in the sandbox and see what happens. I don’t think that way. Things like that may occur to me as I’m writing during the process, not before. I don’t even know what a theme is before. I only know, unless I’m adapting something specific, I might have a theme that I can extract from the book to help me adapt it, but with these books, there was some great ideas, but beyond that–

John: What is the central idea of the book? Because I don’t know what the original source material at all, and how similar is it to how the show sets itself up?

Scott: Very different because the show is about going from, again, looking back at it, isolation to the family you choose, which is everything I write. I always end up doing that, and how your identity comes from the people you surround yourself with, and so on, and your mental health is really defined by the quality of the relationships you have, and so on and so forth.

I just always come back to that for whatever reason. It’s not intentional, and it’s just something– When I’m writing, I’m just trying to think about once upon a time, what? I can’t do that until I know, once upon a time, who? For me, especially writing a lot of thrillers over the years and even some mysteries and things, I feel like the whodunit is nowhere near as interesting as the whydunit.

The audience is going to constantly be guessing the whodunit, and in Department Q, I give it to you right away. I pretty much tee it up, but you have no idea why. Even when you think you do know why, it’s different. For me, Chinatown is that way. Yes, you know Noah Cross is a fucking shit heel, but when you get to “she’s my sister, she’s my daughter,” you’re like, “Whoa, wait, what?” [laughs] That’s the why of it all.

I think that I appreciate everything that you’re saying in terms of identifying the two threads, and one could be an A story, and one could be a B story, is what I was thinking as you were saying, “Oh, that’s how that happened.” It was by accident. It was just by my messy process.

Craig: Well, I don’t know if it’s by accident. I’m going to say it’s not that you sit there and– okay, we’ll borrow the term intentional again. You don’t intentionally say, “Hey, I want to write about people who their inner want is this way and the world is sending them that way.” I think that there is something in your fingerprint where this does also come up quite a bit, and it’s part of the music of how your brain works. I think it’s important to say that there are things that we can– and this ties into the educational thing, that we can notice post facto that we do not notice, nor do we need to notice pre.

We just follow what feels right. It’s like Princess and the Pea. This feels good. “Oh, oh, there’s a pea down there. Something’s wrong.” How do we know that something’s wrong? Our brain is just telling us something’s wrong. We can’t get there through analysis. It is interesting that, as you said, like okay, so you’re identifying certain things that pop up, but even by your own admission, it’s not like you’re sitting down going, “And now a found family.”

[laughter]

Craig: It’s just in the DNA, and it’s also in the music of– and I will say it’s also in the audience for what you do because I consider myself a fan of your work, not because you’re a good person. You’re horrible-

Scott: Thank you.

Craig: -but the stuff is so good. It’s always struck me that way from the very first thing I saw that you did, which was Out of Sight. That means there’s something in my rhythm, too, because there are people that probably don’t like the things you do, that’s fine. Our brain’s like, “There’s a harmony going on,” and I love that. We can put a pin in this and bring it back when we talk about education, because I’m not sure there is a way to teach that at all.

Scott: No, there’s a way only to teach the process, which goes back to your development executive thing, which is it’s not really even about what made– Lindsay Doran taught both of us, I think, really, but she certainly taught me how to write. I thought I knew how to write when I was 24 and gotten my BA in film studies at UCSB. I was an AFI dropout. I know what I’m doing. I got an office on the Paramount lot, and I’m a writer. No, Lindsay taught me how to write because what she brought to bear was a process of thinking, a way of thinking, a way of thinking.

Everything about it, for me at least, just for me, I don’t preach this or think it should be this way for everybody else, it’s a way of thinking. If you’re writing a horror film, you’re mindful of certain things. If you’re writing this kind of movie, you’re mindful of certain things, but tone is a way of thinking. You can call it point of view, but I feel like for me, it’s more accurate if my brain gets into this kind of mode.

All you can do is figure out what is the primordial ooze to create that you can set up for yourself, and it’s different for everybody. Everybody has their own way of doing it. For me, I remember seeing, I guess it was Dustin Lance Black, maybe, who’s a great writer. He’s a terrific writer and done amazing things, but there was a YouTube video where he’s talking about his process, where he’s got three-by-five cards, he’s got six different colored highlighters. John, maybe you’ve seen it, I don’t know.

John: Yes, I think I did a similar one for the Academy. I would say mine was a little bit faked in portion, wasn’t quite true, so I’m curious what it shows of him doing his stuff.

Scott: Well, he was doing this whole thing that was very mechanical and for him, it works. For me, it just makes me feel like I’m a good student. I don’t feel like I’m being a writer, I’m being a good student. Outlining for me just makes me feel like I’m a good student because the truth is, I’ll outline two or three scenes at a time, but I don’t know what’s going to happen because, again, once I get them talking to one another, I want them to do things because of who they are, not because the script says so, and my big pet peeve.

How do you create a process? It’s why I think fiction workshops are more successful than film school because you’re just doing it over and over. You’re just doing it over and over, and you’re reading it out loud or people are reading it, and then they’re telling you what they like, what they don’t like. Then there’s a teacher who’s also telling you some things, and maybe you’re reading a lot of things at the same time, but you’re just doing it over and over. You’re not writing the thriller, writing a half hour, outlining, writing a treatment. It’s useless.

John: Let’s go into the syllabus because I really do want to– let’s imagine that Scott Frank course in screenwriting or filmmaking, if you want to call it that, but how do you start? What is the first class? What are the things that you’re diving into in the first class? You say intention, and intention is what is it that is making you want to tell that story? What is it? What is the spark? What is the genesis? You’re not talking about what the process is going to be at all. What do you want these students in the class to be doing? What is the discussion about?

Scott: Well, first of all, the first thing would be how to mix a cocktail and there would be an open bar and just that so that we can have our fallback, and just because we should be drinking while we’re talking about story.

Intention for me would not be something I would teach. It would be the style of conversation. It would be like, again, what happens at Sundance. We’re not saying we’re going to talk about– We don’t do that. It’s just the conversation is, so what are you trying to do?

John: Is it one-on-one or is it a salon? What do you think is the right way to–?

Scott: I think it’s both. I think you do have to write for people, and you do want to hear what people have to say. I also feel like, listen, our business, whether you like it or not or even agree, I really believe this, our business is one of apprenticeship and mentorship. The best writers come out of that. I’m not a writers’ room person. I didn’t come from writers’ room, so I don’t have any experience with that, so I can’t comment up or down on that. I know I am the beneficiary of mentorship and apprenticeship, where people gave me the time to– were telling me deliberately to slow down, as opposed to you get your first assignment, it says 10 weeks or 12 weeks in the contract.

For 40 years, I’ve been saying, I’ve never written anything in 10 or 12 weeks. I don’t even know that I can get a title page or my opening scene done in 10 or 12 weeks. If I do, I’m forced at gunpoint to write in 10 or 12 weeks. It’s going to be bad because the process for me is everything. I would say in the class, I would just start small. I would make everything bite-size. I wouldn’t say at the end of 10 weeks, you’re going to have a script, which is film school. “You need to have your project, and if you’re getting your master’s or whatever it is,” it would be just writing, talking about writing.

Let me tell you one thing about craft. I gave this speech at the Writers Guild, and so I’m just going to– I use this example, and Craig, I don’t know if you know, in Pasadena, they’re in LA, and they’re in Texas. I use the example of Mission Renaissance, which is, they’re usually in mini-malls. They teach you how to draw. The Larry Gluck method, his name is actually Larry Gluck, promises that he can teach anyone how to draw.

He’s pretty effective, it really does. If you want to learn how to draw, you’re going to learn how to draw by doing the Larry Gluck method. My kids went when they were very young, and I remember how he did it, how they did it. What you do is, you take an object or an image you’re going to copy, whatever it is, and you turn it upside down. You’re not looking at the image, you’re looking at what makes the image. Then you do that, you draw that, you copy that.

John: You figure out the light and the dark, and what the edges are.

Scott: Exactly, and then when you turn it right side up, it looks like the thing you were copying, but it is a cold, dead, fucking version of it. It is not the thing. There’s no life to it. That is how most conversations about screenwriting go, less fiction, but most conversations about screenwriting are, “Let’s look at it upside down and see what’s going on and what’s happening and the shape of it and the this.” If you don’t have that thing, that voice, that point of view, you don’t have that way of thinking, when you turn it over, it’s going to look like a script. It’s going to be the right number of pages, and things will happen when they’re supposed to, but it’s going to be a fucking cold, dead thing.

Craig: Well, this gets to the fundamental problem with writing education as a concept because I think you’re 100% right that professional screenwriting tends to be a pursuit where mentorship and apprenticeship occurs and is most effective. You were my mentor. I don’t know if I was your apprentice as much as your whipping boy.

Scott: Bitch.

Craig: [chuckles] I prefer whipping boy.

Scott: Yes, all right.

Craig: That’s what I was, and it worked. Then I was Lindsay’s student, just as you were.

Scott: Yes.

Craig: We all have people like that. Lindsay’s not a writer, so she’s a producer. We’ve had people that we’ve worked with who are directors, who are brand studios, and they recognized something and took us under their wing. Education, formalized education, and we’ll dig in a little further in our bonus segment, requires institutions to hire a lot of teachers. They need to bring in students, that is their commodity, meaning anyone can do it, is what they have to tell you, and they need to set up curricula.

That means standards with exams and targets. Before you begin, you’re fucked because that’s not how it works at all. I can’t tell you how many times I’ve spoken to people who are in the middle of very expensive writing programs. I didn’t even drop out of one. I just didn’t ever go. They are explaining to me what is going on in there, and I just want to light the place on fire. It’s not like it’s a large, organized RICO case scam. It’s not. Everyone’s trying. It’s just maybe this is not instructable like this.

John: I want to be a little more optimistic that there’s some better way, at least to get started, because I want Scott Frank’s Academy to succeed.

[laughter]

John: I’m wondering, a thing I would love to see, which I just don’t see it very much of, because when I’ve gone to visit film classes, what I’m often doing is I’m visiting on the day where they’re laying out the three by five cards and pitching me their story. There’s always too many cards for the first act, and it all falls apart, but at least I have some vision of what their story is. What I haven’t seen is they’re just writing scenes. Scott, I think I really appreciate about what you’re pitching is that don’t write a whole movie. Today, let’s write–

Craig: Scene work.

John: Scene work. Today, let’s write farewell scenes or let’s write [crosstalk]

Scott: Write a scene that’s four pages long called The Confrontation. Well, what’s it about, Scott? It’s about whatever the fuck you want it to be about, just write a scene called The Confrontation.

John: It doesn’t have to fit into a larger thing. It’s just about what this feels like.

Scott: Exactly.

Craig: Do you know the artistic educational system that gets this better is acting instruction.

Scott: Oh, yes, without a doubt.

Craig: Because acting classes, they say– Okay, I remember the very first assignment I ever got in my college acting class. Our teacher said, “Okay, one by one, each one of you is going to do this.” This is the very first day. “Go and sit in that chair on your own. We’ll all look at you. For one minute, act like you’re a person sitting in a chair.” Of course, everybody did something ridiculous. Then she did it, and she just sat there in a chair because that’s what you do in a chair, and we all went, “Oh.”

The point is, the building block was a moment of honesty. Honesty is the thing that we’re always looking for, and it’s what I appreciate about your work. When I watch the scenes, any scene, I don’t know if I’ve ever had a moment watching anything you’ve written where I thought, “No, somebody wouldn’t say that,” or, “I don’t believe it, or, “That’s just a false note,” no, never because honesty is so important to you. It’s so important. Well, no one’s teaching that. No one’s going, “Okay, everybody, forget the four pages. Write one half of a page and this is all that happens: Guy walks in, orders a sandwich, waitress comes back, says they’re out of it. He says, “What?” Go, you have a page, go. That’s all you need. Make it honest.”

Then, if you’ve made it honest, and it’s incredibly boring, what is she wearing? What is he wearing? Where are they? What kind of restaurant? What kind of sandwich? Do they know each other? What is he doing there today? What time is it? The million Lindsey Doran questions that suddenly bring forth life. Now, before it, it’s not an upside-down thing that’s dead. Instead, because I don’t know if there are a lot of teachers who can do that. I’m just saying it. I don’t think there are a lot of teachers who can do what we just did.

John: Here’s the question, I don’t know that you necessarily need a great teacher to do that. As long as you had an environment, you just had a curricula of the Scott Frank Academy where everyone was doing this, and we’re like, “This is the week where we are going to write scenes about this thing,” and everyone just does it, and they all share it. Then just the process of writing and sharing that scene, because the experience of writing 20 scenes will help you understand like, “Oh, this is how scenes work,” and reading other people’s shitty scenes makes you like, “Oh, that’s a shitty scene and it’s a shitty scene for these three reasons. Let me not do those thing,” is so helpful.

Going back to the Lisa example of the development executive, I worked for a year as a reader at TriStar. I read 100 mostly shitty scripts and I had to write coverage on them, which means I had to read the whole thing and write a synopsis of these things that often didn’t make sense, but it just so helped me develop my taste of like, “I don’t want to do these things. This will never work.” That’s an experience that I think people benefit from and writers benefit from, and you can’t start them with saying like, “Okay, now outline this movie you want to write.” You don’t know where to even begin.

Scott: You don’t, and I think that’s really smart what you were just saying, and I think both of you, and I think that you can’t, again, you just don’t know. Most scripts, you’re looking at scenes, and you’re going, “This scene could be in any movie.” These characters, every piece of real estate in a script, is precious. You only have a certain number of pages. If you have an elevator operator or a grocery clerk, you want them to be– they don’t have to steal everything, but where’s the specificity? Even in the scenes, in describing scenes, where’s the specificity?

Do you need to describe so much? Do you even need to stop, and there’s flow? It doesn’t flow because you’re stopping to just– you read down the page and you’re just stopping to describe someone’s fucking bedroom or whatever it is. It makes me nuts. I only need to know things when I need to know them. Don’t even get me started when you’re telling me how people are saying their dialogue, where you have the parentheticals where they’re sarcastically or reluctantly or whatever adverb they want to throw in there.

It’s like, “Isn’t the dialogue good enough that you should know? Don’t we know these people?” Again, what’s difficult about screenwriting, I think, more than anything, I think playwriting is even more difficult because in screenwriting, at least we have cut two get the fuck out of situations. In playwriting, I get them on and off. In screenwriting, the problem with it is we only have two senses, sight and sound. Anything else is cheating because the audience isn’t sitting there reading, “John, who was really traumatized as a kid, is walking into this feeling–“ They don’t get that.

How do you tell a story with just sight and sound? What’s an obstacle ultimately becomes something really interesting because you can find a tone in the script. Again, scripts should have a tone. You should read them; there should be a tone. It should be tense if it’s a thriller, it should be funny if it’s a– whatever it is, there should be a specific tone. You should have a voice, it’s not this mechanical, this happens and then this happens and then– and every scene could be, is just described in the most generic way. That’s hard. Again, one thing about the AFI is they were just making shit all the time.

John: At least when I was there.

Scott: They’re shooting–

John: The workshop aspect of it is really important.

Scott: Really good. In film school, you are making connections, and there’s plenty of things to recommend, depending on who you are. The most talented writers are both insecure and secure in what they want to do. They’re insecure in their ability because we all think we’re frauds, and we all think it’s over tomorrow, but at the same time, we know what the fuck we want to do. We know what we sound like, and that’s the thing. I know what I sound like. I know when I’m being me and when I’m trying to be somebody else, and I’m going to get killed because I’m not being true to the way I sound.

John: At the Academy, some of those first things you write will be imitations, because they have to be imitations.

Scott: Of course.

John: You’re learning what a thing is, and that’s okay.

Scott: Of course.

John: We’re writing scenes all the time, we’re reading scenes, we’re reading whole scripts and having conversations about what’s actually happening on a page, separately from watching the movie, because we need to do both.

Scott: Absolutely, and steal. I think it’s perfectly okay borrow someone’s voice to get your own sea legs. If there’s somebody you really love and you really liked– and I really recommend reading novels more than scripts to become a good writer, because then you’re going to get character. The thing we’re not talking about enough is everything comes from character. Characters are not attitudes or types or, worse, just movie stars. You plug in, it’s Tom Cruise, that’s who it is.

Craig: Because you know who loves hearing that, Tom Cruise. He’s like-

Scott: Yes, he does.

Craig: -“Oh, you named me. Okay, yes, I’ll be there.”

Scott: I’ll be there.

John: You just spoke his name.

Scott: I think that characters are everything. I think that no one is all good or all bad. Everybody lives in the gray area. We’re manipulating people in a way, but we’re not being sentimental. We’re being emotional. There’s a difference. Sentiment, bad. Emotion, good because sentimental, is sort of, I’m telling you to feel this way. Emotion is, you’re just really feeling that way, and you’re not sure why. We’ve all worked on movies and scripts that needed to be fixed at a certain point. Movies in particular, you get to the end, and they’re saying, “Our ending doesn’t work.”

People are not feeling what they’re supposed to feel at the end. You go, “Well, because you fucked up the beginning. Because you were in such a hurry, because you were so worried that it was slow or whatever it was, even though in your test screening, nobody moved, nobody got up, nobody did anything, but it was–“ If you ask people, “Was there any slow part of the movie?” They all said, “The beginning.” “Was there any slow part of the fucking book you just read?” “If I had to pick the slowest part, I’d say the beginning,” and then the editor goes, “Okay, you need to cut 20 pages out of it,” fuck me.

I think that with movies, you don’t understand the character, so when you get to the end, you want to feel it. You understand it all the time. I understand I’m supposed to feel this way, but I don’t really feel it. What the trick is, how do you make people actually feel it, that’s character. That’s pure and simple fucking really interesting character.

John: Wrapping this up, it feels like the Scott Frank Academy is-

Craig: Failure.

John: -utter failure.

Scott: Let’s call it School of Scott Frank, like Rembrandt. Let’s do it like Rembrandt.

Craig: School of Scott Frank. You’re just churning out hundreds of foul-mouthed, miserable, bent-over– [laughs]

John: Wasn’t Rembrandt’s school, though, literally, it was like people had to paint his stuff for him. That’s not probably what we’re talking about. Here’s what I’ll say is that–

Craig: I like that idea.

John: None of us grew up in the writer’s room, the TV model, but some of what we’re talking about does happen, though, where you just have to iterate a bunch of shit all the time.

Scott: Of course.

John: You’re always in conversation about the thing you’re trying to do. You’re trying to do one thing, which is not the breadth of what we’re going for here.

Craig: I think in those rooms, there are some amazing rooms where you learn from incredible people like Vince Gilligan.

John: Historically, yes.

Craig: Then there are a lot of rooms where you’re learning from not great people, and it’s really more, “Guys, we need to make the donuts, more donuts, please.”

Scott: There are legendary rooms that threw off amazing writers.

Craig: Absolutely.

Scott: Going back to the show of shows, but even Everybody Loves Raymond, all those guys ended up doing their own stuff, Breaking Bad, Sopranos, Mad Men, all of it, so there are really great– and then there’s a lot of times where I have showrunner friends who’ll say, “I have 11 people in the room and only one guy can write.”

John: This is a salon situation where we’re writing a bunch of scenes, we are discussing really good movies on the page, and then probably screening them so we can talk about what has changed between them.

Scott: Reading books. As the instructor, I’m encouraging people to read novels that sort of feel like what they want to do. They don’t have to read the great novels, they have to read the novels that speak to them and make their sun tingle.

John: As we get to the point where they’ve actually written a full script, then I think, Scott, I’m guessing, we get more towards the Sundance model where you have individual meetings with smart writers who are there not to tell you what to do, but to help evoke out of you, what is it that’s not working for you, and let me help you move it to the place you wanted it to be. An extra brain for them.

Scott: Then craft comes out of that conversation because how many times at Sundance would you read a script that’s a mess? The font is weird, the format is weird, but there’s something fucking undeniable about it. You just go, “This person is an artist, but it’s a mess and it’s hard to read and I’m having– but it’s amazing.”

John: Every Sundance last project is unique. It’s very careful curation. These are very smart people who are doing very smart things, and even if the craft is just nuts, there’s good stuff there. Then, ultimately, great movies come out of this. Great writers come out of this, and it’s just a better model than I think what we’ve seen.

Scott: Because we’re not leading with craft. Craft is the easiest part of it. You apply craft last. You’re mindful
Scott: full of it. There are things that are obvious that you just know from experience. The problem is we’re always talking about all of the books, everything. It’s a lot of craft conversation.

Craig: It’s what you can write a book about. This is it. You can write a book about it. You can teach it. You can break it down into a lesson, and you can mass produce it. People do. This is the problem with the Scott Frank Academy. It requires a lot of Scott Franks, and we don’t have a lot of them, and they don’t want to teach.

John: I don’t think it does. I think I think the idea can be done without a Scott Frank. I don’t think it actually needs a genius at the helm of it. I think it just needs an intentionality of like, “This is how we’re going to do this stuff. I think you need some Scott Franks when it comes time for that. The Sundance part of it, where you’re sitting across from a very smart writer.

Craig: Sundance, correct me if I’m wrong. You guys deal with what? Eight, nine writers?

John: 12, 15 writers at top.

Craig: 12, 15 writers a year. There is a world out there that is a multi-billion-dollar higher education industry. 15 students pays for nothing.

John: Yes, I know.

Craig: It’s not–

John: Yes, I don’t think there’s a viable business model behind this. That was never my intention.

Craig: If your intention was to ruin Scott Frank.

John: We’re on a money-losing podcast still.

Craig: It’s a joy. I thought we were breaking even.

John: We are breaking even now.

Scott: What I was going to say, too, is it’s like you guys had a really interesting conversation about setups and payoffs. Last week or the week before, I don’t remember when it was, I wanted to teach people about setups and payoffs. I go, “Okay, let’s watch a couple of clips from Kramer versus Kramer. Let’s watch the beginning when his wife has just left him, and then the kid wants French toast. He doesn’t know how to fucking make French toast. He’s mad. He’s breaking things, and the kid is going, “Mom doesn’t do it that way.” He’s getting the shells and the yolk, and the kid is watching all disillusioned, and finally, he burns himself. He says, “God damn her.”

Then later, when the wife shows up– the second scene later in the movie, when the wife, when Meryl Streep comes back because she wants to take the kid now, and now the two are in the kitchen quietly, not saying a word, working in sync, making French toast. Really, it tells you everything you need to know that they love each other, that they figured it out, and now this woman is going to fuck it up. Okay, they’re set up some payoffs. You want obstacles? Watch Butch Cassidy when they’re running away from the train, and they have the super posse chasing them. Who are those guys? There’s obstacles. It’s like a lesson in obstacles for 20 fucking minutes.

There are ways to do that and then move on. You don’t have to have a fucking three-hour conversation. It’s just like, “Here’s a tool you can use. Here’s something you can do.” Here it is, but you know what, use it, don’t use it, it’s not a requirement. Melvin and Howard has a 30-minute or 25-minute opening scene. Best screenplay, Oscar. It’s two guys in a truck. I think that it’s just those things; rules are for the uncreative. The end. That’s what they’re for.

Craig: There are no rules.

Scott: You have to be mindful of certain elements and things, but you have your own rules. When you’re filming–

Craig: You understand, no one out there believes you. I am telling you-

Scott: I know. They don’t.

Craig: -no matter how many times we say it and no matter how many writers we have on the podcast who do what so many people want to do, no matter how many times they say it, everyone out there go, “They can do it, but we can’t.” We were they.

Scott: We were they.

Craig: We were they.

Scott: Also, here’s the thing. You are competing with a lot of people. I remember Bill Goldman used to go to those– what was that thing down by the airport, that screenwriter expo where they were 1,000?

John: This is 25 years ago, but there genuinely was a thing at the airport, a huge expo.

Scott: I did a thing with him, and I can’t believe he did this. I did an interview with him, and there were 600 people in this huge room. Bill said, “Okay, maybe one of you is going to actually have a career.” They’re like, “What?” They thought he was kidding. [laughs] He goes, “No, I’m serious.” Probably none of you are going to have a career, but maybe one of you might have a career. The odds are that none of you will have a career.

Craig: I will say we say this a lot, and maybe we’re not William Goldman-esque in the crunchiness of it.

Scott: He’s very Crunchy.

Craig: We talk about the fact that there are fewer professional writers than NFL athletes.

Scott: Absolutely. Why then would you want to follow the same rules everyone else is following?

Craig: Maybe if we say it four million more times. It is so frustrating. It’s almost like the crabs in a barrel thing. Everyone is like, “Yes, but before you escape this barrel, let us pull you down and remind you that you can’t say we see in your action description.”

Scott: Oh, my God.

[laughter]

Craig: This is what happened. This is what’s going on out there.

Scott: I’m like, “Wait, what? You can’t say we see. I was saying we see for 40 years. Wait, what font am I supposed to use? Fuck.”

[laughter]

Craig: It’s the crabs in a barrel. We’ve tried so hard. We really have. We’ve tried so hard to preach a lack of orthodoxy, not a it’s just as orthodox to say, “I’m going to break all the rules.” That’s also stupid. It’s just figuring out who you are and pursuing the thing that makes you unique because I can’t do you. You can’t do them. Then are you good? Are you good?

Scott: That’s the thing. You can learn all the craft in the world. Yes, there are people who are amazing musicians, and there are people who appreciate music. They’re not the same thing. I’m not going to be the one to tell you which you are. The universe will tell you, will sort it out pretty quickly. It is the truth. If you’re leaning into craft and not into the creative side of things in terms of spinning yarn and character and how do people talk to one another and all of those things that are, by the way more fun than writing shit on three by five cards or a dry erase board or whatever it is, then there’s a reckoning that’s going to come.

Craig: One day, a real rain is going to come.

Scott: One day, a hard rain is going to fall.

John: Let us transition to our one cool things. I’ll lead us off. There’s a book I’m reading right now called Antimemetics. It’s by Nadia Asparouhova. Craig and Scott, you know what a meme is. You’re familiar with the idea of a meme. A meme is a unit of culture. It’s an idea that wants to spread. The same way that genes are selfish, they want to get out there in the world, they want to propagate. Antimemetics, or an anti-meme, is something that doesn’t want to spread or just doesn’t spread easily. This all comes out of the– there is no Antimemetics Division, which was a work of fiction, which is really cool, which is now coming out as a book.

This is a nonfiction book that she’s written that’s really digging into this concept of what does an anti-meme actually mean? What is an idea that doesn’t want to spread? Some examples would be things like the topics that everybody agrees upon, but nothing ever actually happens politically. Like extended parental leave or universal background checks on guns. Everyone agrees, like, oh, that’s a good idea, but the idea never takes hold and never gets anywhere. Topics that are taboo, like pornography, or topics that are boring, like insurance.

Craig: So boring.

John: Things that are so traumatic that you just don’t want to think about them, like global poverty. It’s a really good, smart book on this nascent concept. I’ll put a link in the show notes to where you can buy it. If you decide to buy it, the book cover is really cool, and the shape of it is really cool. I really hate the typesetting in it. If you decide to get the digital version of it, I think that’s also fine, and it’s a good way to read it. The book is Antimemetics by Nadia Asparouhova. It’s published by the Dark Forest Collective. The Dark Forest being that part of the internet where you hide so that no one can ever find you. That comes from the three-body problem.

Craig: Oh, I would love to go there.

John: Wouldn’t that be nice? Craig, when you’re peeking your head out of the Dark Forest, do you have one cool thing to share with us?

Craig: I don’t know. You may think this is not cool, but did you read the story about the people that discovered the horrible security with the McDonald’s AI hiring bot?

John: No, but it sounds-

Craig: It’s incredible.

John: -great. Is it funny or tragic or both?

Craig: It’s in this case, I think it’s funny, but it’s funny because of the one cool thing. My one cool thing is hackers. Now, no one likes the idea of them. No one. A lot of them are malicious. No one is going to ever call up a newspaper and say, “By the way, we want to admit our security sucks. We’re going to do better. Nothing happened, but it sucks. We just wanted to tell you that while you’ve been using this, it’s been incredibly insecure. Nothing happened, but now we’re going to fix it.” No one ever does that.

We unfortunately need hackers. There are the white hat guys that are trying to protect us all. There are the bad guys who are trying to steal stuff. In the end, because people, corporations are irresponsible/stupid/lazy/cheap, these things happen. McDonald’s decided, so many people apply to work at McDonald’s that they were like, “Why don’t we just offload this process to a company that uses AI and they use a chatbot? It’s probably so regimented, it sort of makes sense like, “We are going to ask these formatted questions and we’ll get these answers. We’ll sort through some things. You’re going to eliminate 94% of people because these seven things are immediate disqualifiers.”

John: It’s just documentation, et cetera.

Craig: “You can’t be currently on parole.” I don’t even know if that’s true. This company, Paradox AI, was being looked at by these security researchers, Ian Carroll and Sam Curry, and they were doing it not for security purposes. They were just like, “We just want to know, what is this like applying to an AI chatbot?” Then they were like, “While we’re here–“

John: I’m not surprised you could break the chatbot.

Craig: “While we’re here, let’s just see if we can log in to the admin system of this entire thing.” What they tried was the username admin and the password 123456.

John: Hold on.

Craig: It worked, and just like that, they had access to 64 million records, including applicants’ names, email addresses, and phone numbers. Furthermore, [laughs] they discovered that even if you weren’t that enterprising, even if you didn’t think, “Let’s try admin 123456,” when you applied, in the URL, it would create your application, and it would give you a number. It’s like a big, long number. You’ve seen those in URLs, where it’s like some long, shit numbers. They were like, “What if we just subtract one from that number and reload the page?” Yes, that’s the person’s application before us, and so on, and so on, and so on.

The company’s like [onomatopoeia] We say the same thing, like, “Yes, it’s not so bad, but we’re going to fix it. We’re going to fix it.” My one cool thing are hackers. Please, hackers, use your powers for good. I’m begging you. Without them, no one would ever know, and companies would do stuff like this all the time, which is unconscionable.

John: I think what you’re asking is hackers, but probing their intention. If they’re going into these sites with the intention of uncovering things for the good of humanity, fantastic. It’s when they go in there to–

Craig: Here’s the deal. It’s the only thing that keeps these companies honest. It is the only thing that makes them go, “We have to harden the wall around the stuff we give them,” is the idea that there are people out there trying to steal it.

John: It’s the stories that come out about them that scare the genius out of stuff, which helps.

Craig: Hackers.

John: Hackers.

Craig: Hackers.

John: Scott Frank, do you have one cool thing to share with us?

Scott: I do. The New Yorker fiction issue has two great pieces in it, one about Elmore Leonard and one about Richard Price, two of the great dialogue writers of all time. Pursuant to what we’ve been talking about today in terms of character and in terms of efficiency and in terms of describing character and so on, and the way they work, I recommend both of the pieces in the magazine. The Elmore Leonard one, Anthony Lane wrote it. It’s really terrific. It’s full of great quotes. It’s going to lead you to also read Elmore Leonard’s 11 Rules of Writing, which is this little book which begins– it’s a great list of things, one of which is–

Craig: No rules.

Scott: No, one of which is never begin a book with weather.

John: Oh, yes, sure.

Scott: It’s a great read. It’s hilarious. You’re going, “Yes.” Never use adverbs. It’s like J.K. Rowling, you read the Harry Potter. He said sneeringly, he said [unintelligible 01:12:59] never do that. It’s full of stuff.

John: Opposition to only the L-Y adverbs or all adverbs?

Scott: I think mostly the L-Y adverbs, I would say, because he’s not ruling out all adverbs.

Craig: Sneeringly.

Scott: Specifically, he said just said. Everything should just be said. It’s also full of great things. The piece that Anthony Lane wrote is terrific because it’s full of great examples of how he thought and the way he thought about story. You read it, and you just go, “Okay, that’s specificity.” The same thing with Richard Price. He’s amazing. What he does is slightly different in that they’re both big research guys, but what Richard does is he immerses himself in a culture, usually cops or city people, city government, or things like that, or a restaurant in the case of, I think, Lush Life.

He gets into this place, and the language of it and the feel of it doesn’t feel like research. It feels like character. They’re both, for us, and what we were talking about tonight it’s about really good writing. They’re not telling stories that are breaking ground. You don’t have to do that. What you have to do is just do it really well and do it in a way that feels fresh. I think both of those pieces are great examples of those two guys that I just love. Those are my two one cool things.

John: I love it. That is our show for this week. Scriptnotes is produced by Drew Marquardt, edited by Matthew Chilelli.

Craig: Don’t know him.

John: Outro this week is by Nico Mansey. If you have an outro, you can send us a link to ask@johnaugust.com. That is the place where you can send questions like the ones we answered today. You’ll find transcripts at johnaugust.com along with a signup for our weekly newsletter called Interesting, which has lots of links to things about writing. You’ll find clips and other helpful video on our YouTube, just search for Scriptnotes. We have a brand new one up, which is me and Aline talking about farewells. That’s great. We talk about Big Fish, and Devil Wears Prada and Terminator 2, Casablanca, Past Lives, a really good video up there on YouTube for Scriptnotes.

We have t-shirts and hoodies, and drinkware. You’ll find them at Cotton Bureau. You’ll find the show notes with links to all the things we talked about today in the email you get each week as a premium subscriber. Thank you to all our premium subscribers. You make it possible for us to do this each and every week, at least until Scott Frank’s Academy opens up, and then we’re out of business.

Scott: Good.

John: You can sign up to become a premium member at scriptnotes.net, where you get all those back episodes and bonus segments like the one we’re about to record on education and alternative schools for everything that’s not film education. Scott Frank, thank you for this film education and everyone should watch Dept. Q on Netflix. Scott, thank you so much.

Scott: Thank you for having me. It was mostly fun. [laughs]

[Bonus Segment]

John: All right, Scott, Craig, we have had children go all the way up through from kindergarten through college and various different schools. Craig, you and I both started in public schools, our kids were in public schools. Scott, what was your kids’ journey?

Scott: My kids, they were in private school until high school, and then they had three different tracks. They were in a very progressive school until through eighth grade. My daughter went to an all-girls school, private school in Pasadena called Westridge, uniforms, everything. She went from the super progressive school called Sequoia over there. Then my son went to LACHSA, the LA County High School for the Arts, as a jazz drummer. He went there. Then my youngest daughter went to Thatcher, which is a boarding school, and the first person in the family ever to go away for school.

John: I remember talking with you about that because we were at some Sundance thing, and you were like, “My daughter’s just suddenly at a boarding school.” It’s like, that’s not a California thing. No one does that.

Scott: It’s not remotely. She wanted to do her own thing and didn’t want to do what her siblings had done. It’s a great school. It was at the time, at least, I don’t know now, but I loved it. It was very progressive in its social thinking and more rigorous in its academics. It was a really great place for her. It’s in Ojai and it was beautiful. It wasn’t that far.

John: My daughter went through K through five at the local public school, which was great. The sixth grade year was the year that we were living in Paris. She went to an international school in Paris, which was a really good experience. International schools, by their nature, they turn over a third of their students every year. They’re just really good at onboarding kids and getting stuff going. The fact that she made friends from around the world was terrific. Then, coming back to Los Angeles, she went through a girls’ school for 7 through 12 and then went off to college. Craig, your kids both went through public school the whole way?

Craig: My older kid switched over to private about halfway through. Then my younger daughter went public all the way through. My older daughter has not gone to college. I don’t think has any plans to go to college. My younger daughter is currently in college, but I don’t know how long that’s going to last either.

John: She’s at Berkeley, and so she’s in a very special program.

Craig: She is, and she’s doing well. Berkeley is a vocational program, and she’s doing well enough where maybe she has a vocation, and so school becomes moot.

John: I want to talk about, we had the experience of sending kids through this, but now in 2025, if you’re a parent who’s looking at the future of education and what that is, I’m just recognizing that so much of how we set up our educational system, and Scott, you have more experience with alternatives to things, is that very classic– there’s a teacher in front of the room who’s mostly just there to keep the order and this is a set curriculum, but we’re not really assessing whether kids are getting any mastery over these things. We definitely know that kids need to understand fundamentals before they can move up to certain things, but we do also just progress them when they progress.

I was in a talented and gifted program growing up, which was useful, but I was never accelerated, and I was always bored through a lot of it. I was able to get out of high school a little bit early to do some college classes, but I came so late. We had the school of Scott Frank for future screenwriters, but for all kids, do we have a vision for what a better education would be if we could just magically do it?

Scott: Also, the other thing is we’re confronted by the double negative of right now, curriculums are smaller, everything is considered a waste now, which is a mistake. What they’re teaching, they’re not even teaching really well. What is the United States in terms of an education, number 39 or some fucking thing?

Craig: However they measure it.

Scott: Yes, however they measure it. In California, certainly pretty low in terms of the rest of the country, but I think they’re cutting the funding, they’re cutting the curriculum, and the other negative is that it was a system that was designed for people who work in factories. We’ve still got this antiquated education system, and so I think that it is the single biggest threat to our country. It was until recently, but I’ve always felt like an uneducated population is a disaster, and I think that we have an uneducated population.

Listen to how people in leadership speak. It’s amazing, the language is eroding, and this is me sounding like an old guy, but I do feel like no one knows civics. When I was shooting in Scotland, the cab driver would know who Chuck Schumer was, or the Electoral College, or the Fed, and all this stuff, and they were really well versed in sort of civics. Here, I doubt people can talk about how many people are in Congress versus how many people are in the Senate, or even tell you what the three branches of government are, and so I think education has become, I think, the weak spot for us.

John: I’ve been reading articles about alternative systems that are replacing how we’re doing, and I feel like they remind me honestly, I don’t know if your kids went through Montessori preschools, but that kind of thing where you have smaller activities where you’re just focused on– everyone’s doing their own thing, but then you are coming together for stuff. Some of the most extreme ones, basically all of the classic academic education, is individual. You’re going through the assignments on your computer, in a group room, but you’re going through all this stuff, and they do all of that just in the morning, like two hours in the morning.

The whole afternoon is group activities, putting on a play, sports, if it’s a sports school, or something like that, where it’s like the whole afternoon is for you to do all the group stuff together, because they don’t have to– instead of using teachers to do– the person in front of the room, everything is just like, you’re at your computer. It’s almost like the remote learning, but a very focused time where the person’s coaching you through that stuff, and then everything is grouped in the afternoon.

I don’t know if that’s the answer, but I just feel like how we’re doing it right now, I agree with Scott, it’s like a placeholder for 12 years, and you just don’t know that– certain kids will thrive in it, but a lot of them don’t, a lot of them learn to hate school.

Craig: Maybe this will sound weirdly optimistic relative to Scott, but on very quick psychoanalysis, more pessimistic. I don’t think it’s gotten worse; I think it’s always been horrible. I think education in the United States has always been a disaster. It’s just that we used to not insist that everybody go to college, and we used to have more vocational programs, which I think are incredibly important, and also we used to have people that knew how to do things, make things, fix things. We still need people to do these things, but what we keep telling everybody culturally is that’s not good enough, and that what you really need to do is go get yourself that college degree.

Why? I don’t know. I do not know. There are plenty of things that college degrees are wonderful for, but need? If you want to be a doctor, or a lawyer, or an engineer, or if you want to, I don’t know, something that requires that level of education, sure. If you want to be an art historian, if you want to work as a molecular biologist, sure. If you aren’t one of those people, and almost no one is, we think everybody is, very few people are, I’m not sure there’s a point to that.

Our educational system, our K through 12 educational system, which used to just be geared to, let’s just give you enough stuff so that you can go into the workforce and not be a total dummy, now is about go pass these tests. Which have no bearing on anything except to help you with your standardized application, that now goes to 800 colleges all at the same time. I just read an article where the biggest problem on college campuses right now is not only are students using AI to write things, professors are also using AI to read things. Now you just have AI talking to itself while parents are plowing hundreds of thousands of dollars into this nonsense.

Go all the way back to K through 12 and start asking some difficult questions. There are a lot of things we just take for granted. For instance, everybody needs to take algebra. No, they don’t. Very few people need to take algebra. You should take algebra if you have an interest in algebra. Once you get past arithmetic, I honestly believe math should be something you opt in on. I don’t understand why we force kids who clearly have no aptitude or interest in mathematics to learn the quadratic equation. Why? Why are we doing that?

John: I hear you, Craig. I think there’s good enough evidence that most math education is just so terribly done that the reason why kids struggle to get into algebra is because all the fundamentals weren’t. They were getting advanced beyond.

Craig: What is it that most kids, and I’m going to include us here– look, I love math. I would have opted in. I love it. Why do you need that?

John: I do wonder whether some fundamental understanding of logic is actually very difficult to do without algebra.

Craig: Okay. Logic. Let’s talk about that, because that’s actually very important, because I think Scott put his finger on civics, which is critical thinking, is the topic that is the most important thing for kids to learn in school, and no one teaches it anywhere at all. It is not a curriculum topic anywhere. It is so vastly more important than trigonometry, I can’t even express. Our civilization will not be undone by only 5% of people understanding trigonometry, because only 5% of people understand it right now. It will be undone by people who do not understand how to think critically, because they’re not taught it.

John: Thinking critically is discussion, but it’s also writing, and that is an area which I do feel like the influx of AI is incredibly dangerous, because if you don’t have the process of actually having to compose your thoughts and think on the page and express yourself, you really aren’t thinking. You don’t have the ability to analyze an issue, analyze what your opinion is of something.

Scott: Also expressing yourself, also being able to write and express yourself in writing, and being able to do that, not relying on AI or anything, but being able to make an argument on paper, to being able to just speak the language.

John: I remember proving my daughter’s papers from 7th grade through 12th grade, probably earlier than that, but really 7th through 12th grade, and you just watch how frustratingly limited she was in seventh grade and how good she got by the end of 12th grade, like, “Oh, she really is genuinely thinking. She’s expressing herself with new, unique ways.” It’s just so much hard work, and it’s so necessary to do all that work, and there’s no shortcut.

Craig: Counterpoint.

John: Please.

Craig: That’s what we value.

John: It is what we value.

Craig: I do think there is a system where you take children and you say, “I’m going to arrange a bunch of things you can look at today. Pick one. What do you want?

John: That’s preschool Montessori.

Craig: Where do you go? Because there are incredibly wonderful and pivotally important people in our society who can’t write at all, they’re terrible at it, but they’re very good at–

John: Absolutely valid. 100% I agree with you.

Craig: For instance, tax attorneys, not great writers, but God bless them. They love that. My younger daughter and I both do something that neither one of us was actually rigorously instructed in as part of a curriculum K through 12. I did not take any creative writing classes because they didn’t exist in my school at all. I did take calculus. Now, that was a waste of my time, a full waste of my time. It is a requirement to be in a pre-med track, which I would argue is a waste of time for people that would make excellent doctors. We have a system that is built around a pedagogy that is stupid. It is ancient.

Our society is changing at light speed daily. Our educational system is firmly in 1930. If we’re lucky, it’s in 1950. If we’re lucky. The government system that funds it is stupid; it is underfunded. The teacher unions have too much power. They do. The structure of the way the unions and the funding collide together– you have administration funding, you have unions, and together they go swoop. In the middle are children who are not being served well. Then they all get funneled up into the worst system of them all, the college system, which is mostly there, as far as I can tell, on a broad basis to support NCAA sports. I’m not joking.

John: I will say, the three of us on this call with kids, we all had the resources to effectuate whatever was going to work best for our individual kids. All three of Scott’s kids were different. Your two daughters were different. My daughter was exactly the right kid to go through a selective girls’ school and thrive. We need fundamental changes to the system so that parents who don’t have the resources to do all those things, the time, the money, the whatever, can have a great outcome for their kids.

Craig: Absolutely.

Scott: I think that’s true.

Craig: Since we’re waving the magic wand, we should be spending far more money on education, but it’s a little bit like your antimemetic thing, nobody can really agree on it because there is no instrument through which to spend it right now that makes any sense at all. Everybody understands that the more money you pour in, the more it will be absorbed by two entities: administration and teachers. By the way, my parents were both public school teachers. I don’t want teachers to think I– I love teachers. They’re incredibly important. I’m not a big fan of the way some of the unions function, but that’s fine.

There’s a whole tenure thing in California that makes it very hard for good teachers to be hired, and it makes it very easy for bad teachers to never go away and to soak up a lot of funds. If we could figure out a delivery system, then it would be worthwhile to pour all that money in, and our country has money.

John: My mom was originally a Spanish teacher, but then, when she went back after I was old enough to be a latchkey kid, she became an ESL teacher. As an ESL instructor, she had two or three students at a time, where she had most of the day to get them up to speed on everything. Guess what? If you have an adult working with a motivated kid who’s engaged, you can Zoom through all that stuff. I just feel like with the job losses that are probably coming in a lot of different sectors, using those to educate our next generation makes a lot of sense.

Craig: If teachers, let’s say great teachers– we understood as a society, there was a system where a great teacher could thrive and get what they needed and be rewarded for it. We came and said, “We’re going to pay you guys like they pay Goldman Sachs first years.” What a glorious–

Scott: Pay them like they were even teamsters. The guy that drives the honey wagon on the set makes more money than a teacher.

Craig: A new teamster doesn’t, an old teamster does. That actually is sort of the teacher issue. Figuring out how to make it work so that teaching is a viable profession where people have protections and pensions just like we do, all of that is doable. The system, as it currently exists, is a negotiation between two enormous entities that are so far away from individual students or teachers, it’s insane.

Scott: Even well below that, what you were saying is really the problem too, which is really teachers and what they’re paid and how they’re valued is a huge issue, and-

Craig: Of course.

Scott: -awful.

Craig: Of course.

Scott: Again, one of those anti-memes that we’d say this forever, and nothing ever happens.

Craig: Nothing ever happens.

Scott: I do think that what are the fundamentals? Okay, yes, no one needs to know calculus unless you really want to learn calculus or physics or whatever. There are basic science things people should know.

Craig: Of course.

Scott: There are basic fundamental things people should know to be a functioning human in the United States. I also think that I don’t think people should learn to write like the way we write. I think it’s just the basics of how the language works. The end. Ideally, maybe speak another language, but dare I dream?

Craig: Dare you dream.

Scott: I do think that the civics and the fundamental things that in order to be a responsible, participating, voting citizen in this country, it’s all been pulled out. The attitude toward being educated. Now, if you’re educated, the cultural elite, and the intellectual elite– I want my doctor to be smarter than me. I want people-

John: At least about medicine. [laughs]

Scott: -to be smarter than me. This whole idea that people are smart or whatever, we’re in this place where it’s weird. Now education has become also the target. I agree with you about universities. I agree with you about not everybody should go. Not everybody needs to go.

Craig: No. Which would require employers to stop requiring college degrees for jobs that do not require college degrees.

Scott: That don’t need it.

Craig: That is ruinous.

Scott: Ruinous in many ways. Financially ruinous in terms of where you spend your time, where you could be either getting your life together or traveling for a bit, and then getting– whatever it is, because people are too young to know what they want when they go to college.

Craig: Being able to afford a house because you don’t have $400,000 of loans or whatever it is. It’s the system. Every year, I get angrier about it. Every year, I get more extreme about it. It’s not going to change. I know that.

Scott: No, we have the head of– what’s her name? The head of wrestling or–

John: Oh yes, Linda McMahon.

Scott: Linda McMahon is going to fix it. We’re going to–

Craig: She’s done a great job with the WWF. Bang up job over there.

Scott: Thank you. Yes.

John: By getting rid of her dad? Anyway. Thank you both for helping us solve the education crisis in America and probably worldwide. We’ll be looking forward to seeing it rolled out shortly.

Scott: School of Scott Frank, coming.

Craig: That’s the real problem.

Scott: To a mini-mall near you.

Links:

  • Dept. Q on Netflix
  • Scott Frank
  • Scott’s last time on Scriptnotes, Episode 476: The Other Senses
  • Everyone Is Beautiful And No One Is Horny by RS Benedict for Blood Knife
  • Scriptnotes 639: Intrinsic Motivation
  • Antimemetics: Why Some Ideas Resist Spreading by Nadia Asparouhova
  • Elmore Leonard’s Perfect Pitch by Anthony Lane for The New Yorker
  • Richard Price’s Street Life by Kevin Lozano for The New Yorker
  • McDonald’s AI Hiring Bot Exposed Millions of Applicants’ Data to Hackers Who Tried the Password ‘123456’ by Andy Greenberg for Wired
  • Get a Scriptnotes T-shirt!
  • Check out the Inneresting Newsletter
  • Become a Scriptnotes Premium member, or gift a subscription
  • Subscribe to Scriptnotes on YouTube
  • Craig Mazin on Instagram
  • John August on Bluesky and Instagram
  • Outro by Nico Mansy (send us yours!)
  • Scriptnotes is produced by Drew Marquardt and edited by Matthew Chilelli.

Email us at ask@johnaugust.com

You can download the episode here.

A Screenwriter’s Guide to Directors

Episode - 696

Go to Archive

July 22, 2025 Scriptnotes, Transcribed

In this compendium episode, John and Craig set their focus on directors — and how to work with them as a screenwriter. They look at the inner-workings of the writer-director relationship, etiquette on set, how to communicate notes from pre-production through post, and outline the qualities of the “perfect” director.

We also offer advice to a first time director, looking at how to prep a project, how to run a set, working with actors, and how to inspire a crew to make the best movie possible.

In our bonus segment for premium members, Drew joins John back in 2025 for advice about casting, and what to do when actors pass on your project.

Links:

  • Episode 4 – Working with directors
  • Episode 176 – Advice to a First-Time Director
  • Scrappy
  • HyperCard
  • Mount Wilson Observatory
  • John’s shorts God and The Remnants
  • Get a Scriptnotes T-shirt!
  • Check out the Inneresting Newsletter
  • Become a Scriptnotes Premium member, or gift a subscription
  • Subscribe to Scriptnotes on YouTube
  • Craig Mazin on Instagram
  • John August on Bluesky and Instagram
  • Outro by Nick Moore (send us yours!)
  • Segments produced by Stuart Friedel. Scriptnotes is produced by Drew Marquardt and edited by Matthew Chilelli.

Email us at ask@johnaugust.com

You can download the episode here.

UPDATE 8-6-25: The transcript for this episode can be found here.

Scriptnotes, Episode 688: Writing Jokes with Mike Birbiglia, Transcript

May 28, 2025 Scriptnotes Transcript

The original post for this episode can be found here.

John August: Hello and welcome. My name is John August.

Craig Mazin: Okay, so. My name is Craig Mazin.

John: You’re listening to episode 688 of Scriptnotes. It’s a podcast about screenwriting and things that are interesting to screenwriters.

Today on the show, we welcome back a seven-time guest.

Craig: Oh.

John: He is a comedian, filmmaker, and podcaster whose new special, The Good Life, debuted this week on Netflix. It is the legendary Mike Birbiglia. Welcome back.

Mike Birbiglia: Hey, guys. This is my favorite podcast. I, on the flight here, listened to the Taffy Akner Moneyball episode. As a fan of the show, I request-

Craig: More?

Mike: -more breaking apart a movie.

John: Oh, yes. The Deep Dives? Yes.

Mike: Oh my gosh.

Craig: I think he’s right. I think he’s right. We don’t do it enough. I guess what we do do enough, or maybe too much of, is having Mike Birbiglia on the show.

John: No.

Craig: Seven-time host. We should give you the jacket, the robe that SNLers get.

Mike: The Seven Timers Club.

Craig: The Seven Timers Club.

John: Here are the episodes he was on. First was in 2013 for My Girlfriend’s Boyfriend Screenwriter. That’s way back to your first film. Then, Austin Forever in 2014. That was an Austin Live show, which I had forgotten that we actually– that’s where you first–

Mike: My Girlfriend’s Boyfriend Special. Then, what was it? We talked about Sleepwalk with Me, the movie? My Girlfriend’s Boyfriend wasn’t a movie.

John: It was number two. Yes, okay. That was a special, wasn’t it?

Mike: That was a special, yes.

John: That was a special, right. I think I first saw you– Joss Whedon interviewed you at the Writers Guild Theater for Sleepwalk With Me.

Mike: For Sleepwalk With Me. 2012. Woo.

John: 2014, Austin Forever. 2016, Don’t Think Twice. Your movie, which we all loved.

Mike: Thanks.

John: It was so early on the dissection of how comedy groups work and how improv works and all that stuff. It’s held up really well.

Mike: Oh, thanks.

John: We had you on in 2019 for The New One. We had you in 2020. You were part of a big episode with What We’re All Up To during the pandemic. We checked in with you there. I was a guest on your show, which we also aired on this very podcast. Your show called Working It Out, your podcast, is phenomenal. I recommend it to–

Craig: I have seen it. That’s the thing. That’s why I like the idea of maybe putting this on video because I like watching you-

Mike: Oh, wow. Thanks.

Craig: -more than I like listening to you.

Mike: That’s fascinating.

Craig: I actually turn the sound off.

Mike: Oh, you turn the sound off?

Craig: Yes. I just watch you.

Mike: I’m like a silent film podcast star to you?

Craig: I blow it up and I just look at you mouth. Yes, Sexy Craig likes your podcast.

Mike: Oh, I’m so glad that we’re recording this.

John: Recently on your podcast, you had Gary Simons, who works with you on that podcast.

Mike: Yes, true.

John: He’s also a stand-up comic. You were talking through the process. It was so good in terms of answering questions about what it’s like to get a career started as a stand-up comic in the way that I think we’re trying to answer those questions for aspiring screenwriters. It was just so, so smart.

Mike: Thanks a lot. It’s funny. There were two episodes back-to-back that were Scriptnotes-esque but in the comedy space. The Gary Simons episode, which we basically speak to what do you do in the first three to five years of trying to be a comic? Then the week before Ira Glass comes on and decides, “Hey, I want to try to do stand-up comedy.”

Craig: I was impressed by this. I really was.

Mike: It was like, “Well, what happens if you’re not a stand-up comic? You want to try it. I perform 10 minutes. What is your critique of these 10 minutes? It’s not unlike the three-page challenge.

John: What I’d like to do with you on the podcast today is talk about how you write a joke for the stage, for a sketch, or for a scene. We have some scenarios. It’s like how would this be a movie, but how would this be a joke? We have some scenarios we’re going to talk through and figure out what is the comedic premise for each of these types of writing and how different they are. A joke you tell on stage versus a sketch versus a scene, they’re really different needs even though they are all potentially finding comedy in a situation.

Mike: That’s great.

John: Cool. We’re also going to answer listener questions on breaking a story, using an idea, TV remakes. In our bonus segment for premium members, let’s talk about video and social and all the infrastructure behind the scenes and stuff, because you and your team do an amazing job with video for your podcast, the marketing without making it feel like marketing. You must have email lists that are managed. I’d just love to know what all that’s like, because it’s just–

Craig: Because we want to beat you.

Mike: Sure.

Craig: Teach us your ways so that we may overcome you.

John: I just want to know more about that.

Mike: That seems great. I love that.

John: Cool. Drew, we have some news.

Drew Marquardt: We do. We realized that Spotify had comments on the podcast episodes.

Craig: Oh.

Mike: No idea.

Drew: So we turned them off. Oh, we have yours too.

John: The Spotify comments we were getting on Scriptnotes episode, and the reason we turned them off, they’re all about The Last of Us, Craig.

Mike: Oh my gosh.

Craig: Great. I’m sure the people that take time to leave comments on Spotify love the show and all the decisions we’ve made.

Drew: Very measured feedback.

John: Mike, yours are still on. You may not realize this, so we have a sampling of some of the comments on your Ira Glass episode.

Mike: Amazing.

John: Rory wrote in and said, “Maybe the best episode of the show feels like the core of what this podcast should be about.”

Mike: Oh, wow.

John: String of Numbers says, “Props to Ira for being open and vulnerable in his work. It was interesting to see Mike pointing out where the punchline should go and Ira being less sure how to approach that.”

Mike: Sure. All right.

John: Elise says, “Love this show but “Hiking is walking” is a joke made on Sex and the City-

Mike: Oh.

John: -by a character played by David Duchovny 20 years ago. It’s not original.”

Mike: Fair.

John: Then we also looked at the YouTube clip for that and it said, “You don’t know this, but in my brain, you’re my dad.”

Mike: Me or Ira?

John: Yes, to you.

Mike: All right.

Craig: You wanted it to be Ira, didn’t you?

[laughter]

Mike: He is in some ways, I said this on the episode. He in some ways feels like my dad.

Craig: He’s a very paternal.

John: He is, yes.

Craig: Yes, he gives that vibe.

John: Yes, but I think there’s a lot of dad energy in this podcast right now. We’re all very in that dad–

Craig: Even you. Even you, Drew.

John: Yes. He’s a young dad. Young dad. He has a young child.

Mike: Oh, you have a young child?

Drew: I don’t. No.

Mike: Okay. Perfect.

[laughter]

Craig: Because he seems so ambivalent about it?

Mike: Yes, exactly.

Craig: I know I have five kids, but I don’t know if I’m real.

John: Drew looks like he could be pushing a stroller, though.

Craig: Oh, for sure.

Drew: I’m going to take that as a compliment.

Craig: Drew, are we allowed to ask you how old you are by law?

Drew: I don’t think legally, no.

Craig: Okay. I’m not asking you. If you volunteer it, I’m just curious.

Drew: I’m 35.

Craig: I already had a five-year-old and a two-year-old by that point. I would say yes, he’s stroller age.

John: Final comment on your YouTube. Why do I just now realized Mike looks a lot like Matt Damon? Do you get the Matt Damon comparison?

Mike: Yes. Cross between Matt Damon and Bill O’Reilly.

Craig: Oh, wow.

John: Oh, wow. That’s it.

Craig: I would adjust that to just Bill O’Reilly.

John: Now, once it, you can’t unsee it. It’s crazy.

Craig: You are young, kind Bill O’Reilly.

Mike: Every time– so over the years, I get Paul Rudd. The one I got for years was James Van Der Beek.

John: [crosstalk]

Mike: When I was on Late Night with Seth Meyers once, and James Van Der Beek was there, I was like, “People tell me I look like you.” He was just like, “I don’t see it.” Anyway. Now I never say what people compare me [unintelligible 00:07:02]

Craig: The next time you’re on O’Reilly, you should bring it up.

Mike: Oh, God.

John: Where is O’Reilly now? Is it a podcast or is it a video? I don’t know. He’s not on a network anymore.

Mike: I think it’s probably some a self-release thing, right?

Craig: Podcast thing. From his bunker.

John: Yes, it’s wild. Mike, talk to us about this special. I saw versions of this along the way. I saw you had Mike Birbiglia and Friends, where you did some of the material in this. Then I saw the full thing on stage, and I saw it last night in its finished Netflix form. I think we’ve talked on previous episodes about your process, which we can see as a bunch of note cards up on a board.

Mike: Sure.

John: What was the inception of this, and when did you find the pieces fitting together?

Mike: The inception of it was two years ago when I finished The Old Man in the Pool, which was at Lincoln Center, and we filmed it for Netflix. I always talk on my podcast about this concept of obsession. What is the thing you’re obsessed about, can’t stop thinking about? As a writer, it’s like, “Well, just write that. Just free write on that. This Is My Journal, it’s like I’m free writing on that at breakfast this morning.

Two years ago, it was just like, “Oh, this is weird. My daughter is eight years old now, and I don’t know a lot of the answers to the questions, because kids just always ask so many questions. I was knocking it out of the park till age eight. Then all of a sudden, it’s like, “Oh, these are tricky questions.” I just went– my first thing is always like I go to the comedy cellar. I go to small 100, 200 seat comedy rooms, try out a ton of jokes. Those jokes eventually become stories. At a certain point, I start to form the stories into having, similar to how you guys talk about it all the time, of so-then causality versus and-then lateral movement story-wise.

About a year into the process, my dad had a stroke, and so much of my life became about taking care of my dad. I started to think in relation to, “Okay, what if the show was about how do I explain things to my daughter?” and also, “What is my relationship with my own dad?” It becomes this– the title is The Good Life, but it becomes a meditation on the question that my daughter asked me when she looked up at a smoke shop called, The Good Life, “Dad, what’s the good life?” It opens the special with an existential question, “What is the good life?” It makes the audience wonder that. Then I go through a lot of stories with my daughter and with my dad, and then it arrives at a thesis at the end of what is the good life.

John: Yes. Great. When you’re figuring out these pieces, one of these things you get to do as a stand-up comic is just constantly test the material and constantly see what actually resonates with the audience. When we’re writing scenes, we’re writing scenes but they just exist on a page. We don’t hear them. We don’t feel them. We don’t get a reaction. You’re constantly getting the reaction. What was the culling process like of like, “Oh, I think it’s this idea.” How developed are jokes you’re telling in those initial rooms?

Mike: The jokes at the beginning are– they’re developed insofar as I’ve run them by friends who are comics, usually. Our listenerships are similar in the sense of it’s a lot of creative people who are either working as creatives or want to work as creatives. I always say, try to build a community of the people around you. I look around at the people who I started with, and we were all broke and struggling in our 20s. I look around and go, “Oh, they’re doing really well now.” ‘You know what I mean? There is a thing to creating your own community of people who are at your level.

I feel like now it’s like people like Pete Holmes and John Mulaney are people who in my 20s were trying to figure it all out, and we would run jokes by each other. Now everyone has a really good career, but still you run jokes by each other. Then even, I think it was one of those Largo shows that you were at and Mulaney came on and he gave me a joke that ended up in the special. There’s a line where I go, “I’m a comedian. My wife is a poet. Together, we’re a sculptor.” I came off stage and he goes, “What about this?” He goes, “It doesn’t make sense, but what do you think of this?” I was like, “Yes, I’ll try that.” It somehow does make sense in the context of the special.

That’s what it is. It’s like, you start out with, you bounce jokes off friends, which is what my whole podcast is. Then when you figure out something that you think is worth an audience seeing, you put it out there. Then I go on tour, and that’s really instructive bringing it to all different cities because you see like, “Oh, yes, this isn’t just a provincial sense of humor in New York City. This is something that plays everywhere,” or it doesn’t play. I think a huge part of being a comedian is figuring out what doesn’t work.

Craig: Yes, I wish that we had that. Although I suppose what we do– we don’t quite have it on the granular level that you do because I don’t think any of our friends would just go, “Hey, here’s a scene.”

Mike: Yes, sure.

Craig: It starts on page 37. You don’t know what happened before. We will share scripts, and we will look at– maybe even it’s more common to happen deeper into the process where we’ll say, “Okay, here’s a cut of.” You, actually, you had that testing procedure for your movie-

Mike: Don’t Think Twice, yes.

Craig: -Don’t Think Twice, where you would have a reading and people would there and then discuss it, which was really smart.

John: It’s hard to iterate. Long form writing is just hard to iterate overall.

Craig: It is.

John: You can’t watch this whole thing. When I was doing Big Fish, the musical, we could iterate. Every night, we could see the show like, “Oh, this is what’s working. This is what’s not working.” I can swap out jokes. We could move whole scenes around. In film and TV writing, it’s not really possible.

Craig: Yes, it is a little scary to know that you’re chiseling in stone and then sending it out into the world. What I love about what you’re saying, it’s what– we talked about writers’ groups last week, I think. Part of me gets itchy when people write in and they’re like, “I’m part of a writer’s group,” because I think, “Well, what if all the writers in that group aren’t very good?” because the odds are they’re not.

Mike: Sure.

Craig: Then they’re all giving each other advice, and it’s maybe bad. Then I think, “Okay, if you do find yourself hitting a mark, getting a job, entering, to look around for people that are also like you, and what I think has changed, I don’t know if you agree with me, John, when we started in Hollywood, it felt like you were isolated and that, in fact, we were all meant to be in competition with each other. We were like horses in our stall before the gate opens.

I think as the internet brought everybody together, that went away completely and became more like, Okay, I’m going to pick up a phone, “Have you worked with this person?” or, “I have an idea. Do you think this is a good idea?” I love that you can do that with– does it ever hurt?

Mike: Which part of it?

Craig: When you’re like, “Okay, I’m going to try this show. Okay, Mulaney, I’m going to run this by you,” and he just stares at you and he’s like, “No.”

Mike: No, I don’t think that hurts. I don’t say– Look, I think not doing well with a joke with friends, it’s hard in that moment. Not doing well with a joke on stage is hard in that moment. I think you have to, like there’s an imperative to view it as I’m getting feedback for something that will be finished later. It’s like the wisest thing that almost anyone ever taught me is my editor, Jeffrey Richman, who edited this special, he edited both of my movies, he edited Severance, he did Escape at Dannemora, he does a lot of stuff with Ben Stiller. On both movies, I had moments in the edit where I go, “What are we going to do? This is a disaster.”

Craig: Oh, sure.

Mike: He just goes, “Oh, we’re not going to hand it in till it’s done.” It’s so simple of an idea, but I think that that’s– all artistic process, you just don’t hand it in till it’s done.

Craig: What I think people that work in comedy have, that people who have never worked in comedy don’t have, is this, which is, sometimes I describe it as a work ethic, but what I really think it is humility. Comedy humiliates you.

Mike: [laughs] Yes, sure.

Craig: Humiliates you. Then, as part of the process, you must get re-humiliated over and over and over-

Mike: That’s right.

Craig: -to the point where you don’t even see it as humiliation anymore. You see it as part of the process towards turning it in before it’s done.

Mike: That’s right.

Craig: A lot of people who come in drama have this opposite point of view. Their point of view is, “I need to treasure my instincts. That is my voice, and what I have done, therefore, is correct, regardless of what people think.” I think having a little bit of that isn’t such a bad idea, but I’m far more admiring of the humiliation sequence.

Mike: Liz Gilbert has this, who wrote Eat, Pray, Love, and many other great things, has this TED Talk that’s so good about the idea of not being a genius but having a genius, and holding it, and fostering it. That way it doesn’t become about you, or you, or you.

Craig: Oh, yes.

Mike: I think that that’s really key as a comedian. You can never think, “I am funny.” You have to think, “I want to create something that is funny for these people.”

Craig: That’s brilliant. I think that’s absolutely brilliant. Now, also, you probably need to then do the same thing for whatever the opposite of genius is, the self-loathing, the critic, I guess, which is sometimes hard for me. I should imagine like, “Okay, it’s easy for me to imagine there’s genius over there. That’s not me.” Now I have to figure out like, “Okay.” Also, there’s a critic over there not in here. That can be difficult. I like that.

John: I want to talk to you about how you bring yourself to your work. As writers, we’re always putting ourselves in our scripts and in our pages, but it’s all disguised. It’s never really exactly us. We’re never identifying like, “Oh, this is me doing this thing,” versus your stand-up, which is all about what has happened to you. All of your comedy is very centered on your experience of things that happened to you, and the people around you, which is a challenge because your wife, Jenny, your daughter, Una, they’ve been part of all of your specials. We know a lot about them even though we’ve never met them.

Mike: My parents, yes.

John: Your parents, especially in this one, and your dad, who’s unwillingly dragged into this story.

Mike: Oh, yeah. So you’ve been talking to him about it?

John: Oh, yes. Can you talk to me, as you’re developing this material and trying it on stage, how do you find the boundaries of like, “Well, this is me, Mike Birbiglia, as the individual person, versus me, the performer, who is creating this funny thing that’s not me”?

Mike: That is probably the most challenging part of it. I think that’s part of the reason why I’m going to take a few years off from autobiographical storytelling right now, because my daughter is 10, and she’s entering those years where I feel like you don’t want to make someone more self-conscious about all their stuff.

Craig: Yes, and you probably don’t want to be looking too closely at it either-

Mike: No.

Craig: -having gone through it twice.

Mike: Oh, yes.

Craig: It will be a great story for you 15 years from now.

Mike: Sure, yes. That’s what Jenny– My wife is a poet, brilliant poet, but she always says, whenever we’re going through something that’s really hard, she’s like, “Write it down. Just don’t release it now.”

Craig: I like how concise that is, have you ever checked to see if she’s constantly speaking to you in haiku and you just don’t remember?

[laughter]

John: It’s been a long constant this entire time. We’re going to wind back to the table, and I’ll think, “Oh, everything was a haiku.”

Craig: That would be the most brilliant thing ever.

Mike: She’s very wise and poetic person. Yes, that is hard. I’m pivoting over to the thing I’m writing right now. It’s fictional. I’m writing a movie and hopefully shoot next year, in the vein of Don’t Think Twice, a small-budget indie comedy. Yes, I’m going to take a few years off from it because I do think it’s hard. I’m talking about my dad. My dad’s in his final stage of life. He could go tomorrow. He could go in a year or two years, but it’s the final stage of life. It’s so hard. Yes, that side of it, I’m always juggling what am I saying and am I depicting the person well. Am I trying to find myself as the joke of the story-

John: Exactly.

Mike: -as opposed to just taking on people?

John: Absolutely. In this last special, you’re talking about how terrible nine-year-old girls are, which is just true, nine-year-olds are terrible. There’s a reason why you go to the jumpy gym where everyone’s going to get hurt because everybody gets hurt. All that stuff is very relatable, but none of it is directed. Your daughter comes out well in all of it.

Mike: True. I love my daughter, I hate her friends.

[laughter]

John: Yes, absolutely. A class of people is great, but the focus of the humiliation is always you. It’s your hard nipples.

John: That’s right.

Mike: It’s all-

Craig: I get that too.

[laughter]

Mike: The thing that’s funny about that, about the autobiographical side of that, is the hard nipple story is basically, I’ll paraphrase it for the audience, but it’s when I was 12, I had hard nipples. Sometimes something happens during puberty. I was always a hypochondriac, so I thought it was cancer. I went to my dad– he’s a doctor– and go, “Hey, Dad. I have hard nipples.”

John: On your special you say like, “Dad, I have cancer.”

Mike: I have cancer. He goes, “Why do you think that?” “I have hard nipples.”

Craig: I loved how calm he was. Why do you think that?

John: Exactly.

Mike: He’s a neurologist. No emotion.

[laughter]

Mike: I was like, “Well, see for yourself.” I take off my shirt. In the living room, he feels my hard nipples. Then he gives me the briefest medical diagnosis I’ve received to this very day. He goes, “Nope.” That was the end of the conversation.

[laughter]

Craig: What a comforting presence in your life.

Mike: Yes, exactly. This is a great example of when people ask me, “Are these stories true?” Sometimes they’re not true in small ways that you would never guess. When my dad felt my nipples, it was in his bedroom.

Craig: Oh.

Mike: I took it out.

Craig: Yes, that’s smart.

Mike: I relocated it to the living room because the audience–

Craig: You don’t want them going where you don’t want them going. You want them going there a tiny bit, which is, LOL, my dad’s feeling me up.

Mike: LOL, yes.

Craig: If he’s feeling me up in his bedroom, that’s not LOL.

John: What’s also crucial, though, is that you had already set up that your dad would come home from his two jobs and sit in his chair and read his war novels. You’re able pull it back to war novels. He sets down his war novel and puts his hands on your hard nipples.

Mike: That’s right.

John: You already created the image for us, which is why it’s so much better than what it is.

Craig: Apparently we have the same dad.

Mike: Yes, exactly.

Craig: I love dadness. I have to say it’s underappreciated in our society. We make fun of the fact that the dad comes home sits there and reads the war novel or watches the History Channel or plays a very long version of some World War II simulation with a friend. It’s wonderful. Let’s celebrate that.

Mike: Yes, sure.

Craig: Let’s celebrate that guy.

John: The last thing I want to talk to you about before we get to these “how would this be a jokes” is transitions. We talk on the show constantly about transitions and how you move from scene to scene. I’d seen your special on stage, but watching it filmed, I was very aware of when you’re transitioning from one idea to the next idea, from one tone to the next tone, from we’re in this world, now, we’re in this world. I’m sure it’s a thing that you worked out doing the show again and again live. You were able to pivot on such small spaces. Sometimes it’s a gesture, it’s a single word repeated, and pull us along to a completely new thing.

Mike: Sure.

John: Are you writing that? Are you thinking that or is just how it works on stage as you’re feeling it out?

Mike: I would describe that as the final stage of the development in a two-year process. It’s probably the final six months just figuring out how is this story, so then this story, so then this story, so then this story. My director, Seth Barrish, who also directed the special and– it’s a confusing title for people, but he is a dramaturgical person. He works through the script with me and the logic of the script. We’ll spend an extraordinary amount of time. He’ll go, “When you go to the hard nipples story, and then you go to but actually your dad wasn’t physically affectionate, but you are physically affectionate with your daughter. You hug her, you say, I love you. I don’t understand the connection between those two ideas.”

It’s almost like he’s making– what Seth is doing is he’s making his brain blank and — or attempting to — over and over and over again, making, trying to imagine what it would be like as someone who’s never seen the show, getting rid of the curse of knowledge. Getting rid of the curse of knowledge. We have these long, drawn out conversations. I’m sure you guys deal with this in television and films all the time, which is like, you’ll end up taking something that was 150 words, and then at the end of the edit, it’s four words. But those four words are the right four words.

Craig: Absolutely.

Mike: That’s a lot of what we do.

John: Last night, we were also talking about how a thing you do really well, which you see other comics do, but I was really struck by it last night, is we’re on one thread, and then you take a diversion, and we’re on another thread, which is really, really funny. Then you pull us back to the main thread, and we’d forgotten that we were on that thread, and yet we’re like, “Oh, yes.” You get a jolt of energy because you’re back on the main thread. You had forgotten that you’d taken a detour. It’s not a recall. We’re just rejoining the story that we were already on. It’s really well done.

Craig: You get to be a genius, because if you’re talking normally with people, you cannot maintain 12 spinning plates, including a hidden one up your sleeve, that you then go, ah-ha, and ah. You plan your own brilliance so that when you do come back around to things, it’s magician stuff. Right?

Mike: It’s a very strange art form, in the sense that, as a comedian, when you meet people, you are always a letdown because you look like that guy on stage, and your voice is the same as that guy on stage, but there’s less jokes, there’s less causality story to story. The transitions aren’t great.

Craig: No big surprises.

Mike: No big surprises.

Craig: No full circles.

Mike: Yes, nothing comes full circle.

John: No natural segues, no.

Craig: Just a lot of stammering, and then, and sweat.

Mike: Also, what I’ve noticed through the years is, I think comedians are people who are frustrated at parties because when we perform, people laugh or don’t laugh. They don’t interject. They don’t go, “Let me tell you about my sleepwalking story.” ‘You know what I mean?

Craig: “No, no. Sir, sit down.” Heckler.

Mike: This is the best one-

Craig: Yes?

Mike: “I’ve got the best sleepwalking story here. Everyone shut up.”

Craig: You do. You should just bring somebody with you to parties, who can tell other people to shut up.

Mike: Yes, can you imagine if comedians showed up at parties, and we’re like, “All right, everyone step aside.”

John: Yes, we do.

Craig: Yes, all of your stupid stories, wrap them up.

Mike: With your banter.

Craig: We’ve got a good one that’s crowd tested. Yes, that must be really frustrating. That’s like being, I don’t know, you play in the symphony, and then you go to somebody’s backyard where everyone’s like, “Oh, we’re going to do a quick jam. What do you play? Violin?” “Yes.” The guy banging the pot lid is really loud and–

Mike: You guys must have that, though, with movies, because people– everyone has a take on movies and television. Then you come in, and you’re like, “Okay, here’s my take, and mine’s right.”

John: Yes, but also, the movie is not happening in front of you. No one’s expecting, “Craig, make a movie right now.” There’s not that performance.

Craig: If it were that.

Mike: Yes, it’s–

Craig: If it were a party where the idea was to write a short scene, then I suppose that would be really frustrating.

John: Yes, I suppose, beautiful people who are photographed, they’re still beautiful in real life, but they’re not as attractive, they look immortal.

Craig: The wind machine is on and so forth?

John: Yes.

Craig: Yes, but you’re absolutely– you guys are in the worst spot. Congratulations.

Mike: Thank you so much.

[laughter]

John: Let’s take a look at writing some jokes. We have three different stories that I’ve pulled from recent news things. We’re going to start with the Run Club Haters. This is a story in Curved Magazine, a New York magazine, by Melissa Dahl. Drew, can you give us a short summary of the lead here for this story?

Drew: One Saturday morning in April, Amy was running along Kent Avenue in Brooklyn, one of her usual routes. It was a sunny spring day. The sidewalk was crowded with runners, some running alone like her, and others in big groups. At some point, she realized one of those big groups was headed straight towards her. “I’ve never seen anything like it,” says Amy, who’s 31 and has been running in New York since 2015.

It was, in her memory, a group of young women running five to eight abreast. They were completely across the sidewalk, she recalls. This is the most runners she’s ever seen taking up a path, but she’s gone head to head with run clubs before.

Usually she moves aside, even if it means briefly stepping into the street or a bike lane. This time, she wanted to test something. She didn’t change course, and neither did they. It was something of a game of runner’s chicken, which ended when Amy ran straight through the pack, colliding with one of the women. “Neither of us fell, but I think she was definitely shook,” Amy says. The woman started apologizing, but Amy didn’t stick around to.”

John: This article goes on to talk with organizers of run clubs, including some who accidentally started a run club because they just posted on Instagram, “Oh, I’m going for a run if anyone wants to join?” and then 100 people show up. They’re also talking about parks that are now requiring permits, costing $1,000 for people to do this. This is as a story space, and I was wondering, let’s first start talking about, where are the jokes? Where’s the comedy we could find in this-

Mike: If we were Amy.

John: -if we were Amy or if we were anywhere–

Craig: I don’t want to be Amy.

John: If we were anywhere–

Craig: I don’t want to be in the run club.

John: We could be any of the characters in the story, but if this is something that happened to us or around us, where are some of the jokes? Where are the comedic premises there?

Mike: I think, first of all, you’d have to be Amy in the story. If you’re one of the big group of bird people who essentially wallop someone in the street, that’s not going to be very relatable, but we’ve all been the Amy of the story, which is– I would say, if this were my story, if this were something that happened to me, it would be talking about the observation in general of when people take up the whole sidewalk. You can bring up different examples.

One of my examples that drives me nuts is people with dogs where they’re on one side of the sidewalk, the leash goes across. It’s essentially a trip wire created by them and their evil dog, and they don’t act like they’re taking up the whole curb. I would go into observational things about that, and then I would go into, how do you feel about walking? Are you afraid of walking? How do you feel about walking in the city?

Ira Glass, in some ways, taught me how to tell these types of 7 to 10-minute stories. He always thinks of it in terms of a story, non-comedically, is a little bit of plot, how do you feel about the plot, a little bit more plot, how do you feel about the plot? In my case, as a comedian, it’s a little bit of plot, some jokes about the plot. A little bit of plot, the jokes about the plot. In order for us to care about Amy’s story, or “my story” walking down the street and running into a herd of runners, is you have to know that pushes my buttons as a character. Right?

Craig: Not enough to know that anybody would feel particularly annoyed. You really feel.

Mike: That’s right.

Craig: If this were in a very broad movie, there’s the classic escalation technique. It begins with, I’m running, and there’s one guy just staggering, “I got to go run.” All right, and then there’s the guy with the dog, and then there’s two runners, and then there’s just a wall of runners, and then there’s a Zamboni.

Mike: Yes, that’s right.

Craig: You just keep– it just gets stupider and stupider if it’s–

Mike: That’s straight from Naked Gun.

Craig: That’s Naked Gun. I do think there could be a sketch version where you are part of the run-

Mike: Oh, the runners group? Yes.

Craig: -where the run club is the most heinous, horrible group of people. It’s not just runners, it’s people in stretchers, and it’s– I could see that.

John: It’s taking me back to– on safari and you’ll see a bunch of animals stampede, and it’s like, “Oh shit.” One runner by themselves is not threatening at all, but you see a pack moving towards you, they just– all of your instincts kick in. It’s like, “Oh, this is a dangerous situation.” I also want to get back to what you talked about, humiliation and Amy being humiliated or being the source of– the problem is her is also, I think, really important too. What is it about me that I decided like, “Today, I’m going to be the person, I’m not going to move.”

Craig: Today I decided is really good. Maybe the setup is like every day I see the run club, I turn around and flee. Today I’m not going to because a friend told me to stick up for myself and my therapist. I’m going to hold my head high, and I’m not going to move, and she’s killed. That’s all, they kill her, which is a really good lesson.

Mike: I have an analogous story years ago that I do as stand-up sometimes that’s never found its way into the special. It’s a similar city scenario, which is years ago, I’m rushing down subway steps at the West Forest stop. One of the jokes I make is, I’m always in a rush, I have nowhere to be. I’ve never had anywhere to be. I’m always in a rush. I trip on my lace. My dad taught me how to tie my shoes when I was a kid– he was never around. As I’m not good at it, and so I trip fourth step from the bottom, fly in the air, I land on the ball of my shoulder.

Craig: Argh.

Mike: I know. I often tell people growing up, I know. I was that guy writhing on the floor.

Craig: Dirty subway floor.

Mike: Dirty subway floor. People blowing past me-

John: Of course.

Mike: -just like, “Are you okay?” “No.” “Good,” or “Yes, good,” and then they’re gone. Then, what I sometimes say– nobody’s like, “Oh– “ “If you’re laughing, you’ve been one of these pigs. I want you pigs to know, we’re not fooled by your faux generosity.” It is a similar scenario where, essentially what you’re trying to explain is what your point of view is, what your status quo is. It’s not dissimilar to movie writing. Then what happens, and then what happens because of that.

John: Because of that, there’s a chain of events, there’s a causality like this was not the end of the story. It’s moving to the next thing.

Let’s try our next thing. This is a story from Slate’s Care and Feeding. The advice is from Michelle Herman, but the letter writer is anonymous. Drew, help us out.

Drew: My mother and father divorced more than 10 years ago when I was in eighth grade, after my mother learned my dad was cheating on her. Once my parents split, my father married his affair partner, Ruth, and moved out of state. They ended up having two kids who are now eight and five. After my dad moved out of the house, he never paid a penny in child support, and I didn’t hear a word from him again, until now.

My dad told me that my five-year-old half-sister, Amelia, was undergoing chemotherapy for cancer. Her medical team wanted her to undergo a bone marrow transplant, but neither he, his wife, nor my half-brother was a match. He asked if I would be willing to undergo a screening to see if I am. Long story short, I am.

I find myself utterly conflicted. This man, who was supposed to be my dad, to love and provide for me, shattered my family with his selfishness. He abandoned me for the woman he cheated on my mother with. He wasn’t there to teach me to drive or to see me graduate from high school or college.

While I spent a decade dealing with the pain and rage his walking out on me caused, he started a new family and forgot I existed. Had his daughter not needed a donor, I doubt I would have ever heard from him again. Here he is, crawling to me, hat in hand. Part of me wants to tell him and his wife to leave me alone and never contact me again. I’ve never met my half-sister. I feel no connection to her. But then, there’s this stupid part of me that says that my father and Ruth were the ones who hurt me and that Amelia is innocent. That denying her a potentially life-saving treatment as a means of taking revenge against her parents would be wrong.”

Craig: That’s the stupid part? Okay. Because this guy cheated on my mom and left and didn’t pay child support, I now have a golden opportunity to murder a little girl.

John: Oh my God.

[laughter]

Craig: It was pretty awesome, actually. I also like that she said “affair partner,” by the way. There’s a whole side bit on that, like partner, the way that partners become a thing. In our society, it was just husband, wife, boyfriend, girlfriend, and now everyone says partner. I never know if people are gay or not. I have no idea what’s going on. I don’t know if they’re working together or romantic.

Mike: It’s a startup?

Craig: Affair partner.

Mike: It’s an app they’re working on.

Craig: Yes, exactly. An affair partner is incredible. That’s like granting status like cheating– Anyway.

John: There’s lots of things to unpack and potential comedic things to hold on to, even though this is not obviously comedic. There’s some good stuff here.

Her rage to this disappearing dad, that conflict and that my expectation of what this man is versus the reality is great comedic fodder. Obviously, her relationship to whatever this donor, her half-sister is fascinating. The space of bone marrow donations and would you help out a stranger? The trolley problem of it all is also fascinating. Mike, what’s your way in?

Mike: Yes, I think the way in, with anything that dramatic, I always say to people like, “You need to find one joke that works because the one joke that works indicates to the audience, ‘We’re all okay laughing about this.’” The way that Drew read it, and it was beautiful, was a little bit like a eulogy where it’s a sad story. That’s a tough story. If you just told it like Drew told it on stage in the first person, people would not know to laugh. They would go, “Well, what’s the funny part?”

I just think you need to find a joke. It’s like I have a joke in my special where I go, “My dad was a doctor and in his free time, he got his law degree. That’s how much he didn’t want to be a dad.” The audience knows that my point of view is I’m over that part of it. I’m okay with that part of it.

I had bladder cancer when I was 20 and the first joke I figured out was like, I had bladder cancer, but it’s funny because I’m a hypochondriac. I think the funniest thing that can happen to a hypochondriac is you get cancer because it affirms every fear you’ve ever had. “See, I told you. Remember last week when I thought I had rickets? I was probably right about that too. There’s going to be a lot of changes around here.”

Craig: “When I showed you my nipples–“

Mike: Exactly, yes. If someone wanted to do a comedy bit of this, it’s like, “Well, where is the first joke that indicates that this is okay?” That joke has to be really good. Probably nothing I could come up with now, but it’s like, “My dad wasn’t around as a kid, and then he called me because he wanted my bones.” Just something where just you break open how outrageous the scenario is, and then it turns on itself. I think you can do like, “My dad wasn’t around, and then he wanted my bones,” and then try to come up with a joke around that and then say, “But actually, I’m torn on it because this girl deserves this, and she needs this, and I could help.”

I think with a story that inherently has such high stakes, you have the ability to both have jokes and have dramatic moments. In The Good Life, there’s four or five times where it goes to a dramatic moment just because the audience– a lot of it is, the audience doesn’t see it coming at a comedy show. In some ways, it’s the ultimate surprise. I think the back and forth of jokes in comedy, I think jokes and dramas, it is the potential there.

Craig: You could also– I could see occupying a character and the character is a woe-is-me character, who’s like, “Anyway, my dad left, and cheated on my mom, and then married this other lady. They had a great family that was incredible. He never talked to me ever until his daughter was sick and he came for my bone marrow and I thought, ‘He loves me.’”

[laughter]

Mike: That’s good.

Craig: It depends, like occupying– I do enjoy comedians who occupy characters.

Mike: I love that.

Craig: I love that weird space. It’s always interesting meeting them afterwards and going– like Natasha Leggero occupies a character. Then you talk to Natasha offstage and you’re like, “You are the opposite of that person.” It is–

Mike: Then you can heighten that and be like, “Then he asked to borrow $75,000 and I was like, ‘Maybe this isn’t love.”

Craig: “Wait a second. As the marrow’s leaving me, I thought, ‘Wait. Wait.’”

[laughter]

John: Let’s talk about this as a scene. I would say it could be a movie, which is a whole dynamic, but you could also imagine a scene where you’re talking to this girl at a party and it gets to the point where it’s like, “So now I don’t even know if I should donate marrow to this kid.” It’s like, “What are you talking about? You are going to kill a small child.” There’s that, it’s a good build up for like, what kind of monster are you?

Craig: Or you’re like– Obviously, you all know where this went, I didn’t do it.

[laughter]

Mike: Right, exactly.

Craig: She’s been dead like, I don’t know, three or four years now.

John: Oh God. Oh my God.

Craig: I got to go tell you, it feels great. They tell you it won’t, but it does. Revenge is awesome.

John: Yes.

Craig: Got ya.

Mike: A lot of that is– Those are like three different POV takes on the same–

Craig: With different tones.

Mike: Yes, a lot of it’s persona. Anthony Jeselnik gets away with a different type of joke than I get away with.

Craig: I wish we could send him that. Oh my God, Anthony Jeselnik. Can I just–?

John: Again, occupying a character’s place. [unintelligible 00:40:43] area.

Craig: Completely, but I just want to salute–

John: Oh, I assume that. He’s not actually like that, is he?

Craig: Oh God, I hope not.

Mike: Not that I know of.

Craig: Yes, no, that would be insane.

Mike: I’ve never had an interaction with him like that.

Craig: The mathematical precision. He’s the closest thing that comedy has to Agatha Christie. You know there’s going to be a twist and you’re trying to figure it out-

Mike: Yes, that’s right.

Craig: -and you can’t. It just happens over and over and over and over.

Mike: That’s right. Yes, that’s right.

Craig: He’s just, the craft there is pretty remarkable.

John: Great. This last one, we don’t have that part to read, but this is a New York Times article by Heather Knight and Loren Elliott, with great photos and video by Elliott. It’s about the coyotes of San Francisco. Basically, there were no coyotes in San Francisco, but 10 years or so ago, they started coming back in, and now there are more than 100 coyotes in San Francisco, and they’re letting them be, largely.

One case, they were going after a young child and they went after that coyote. Basically, they do keep down rodent populations and other things, so there’s a reason to be there. It’s just so jarring to have coyotes in the city that never had them.

Mike: Wow.

John: Coyotes are cool. Obviously, in Los Angeles, we’re used to coyotes in our neighborhood. We have coyotes all the time. The comedic space of predators in an urban environment and like how a person interacts with them, what the moment is.

Craig: This is in San Francisco?

John: In San Francisco. Hacks this last season has a coyote episode where Jean Smart’s character is hearing the coyotes howl all the time. She’s putting out bear urine to scare them away. She has a showdown with a coyote at the end. Let’s talk about what can we imagine the comedic premises are for talking about coyotes on stage? What are the handles for that?

Mike: For me, it would have to be story-based interacting with a coyote. I’m trying to think if I have– Do you guys have any good animal stories of interacting with animals?

Craig: My mind goes to just right off the bat, but what is–? Isn’t a coyote just an asshole dog?

John: Yes. [crosstalk]

Craig: Why have we put it in this special category? It’s just, I’ve looked at them. They’re hungry dogs. That’s all they are.

John: It’s a sense of like, what’s a dog off leash though. We have a sense of like, “Oh, dogs are wonderful,” but when you see in a dog in a place you don’t expect to see a dog or a dog who doesn’t seem to have an owner, that’s–

Craig: You call it a coyote. Right. They’re like the hobos of dogs.

John: I was just in Egypt, and Egypt is just like, there’s just dogs everywhere. There’s street dogs.

Mike: That’s right.

John: I was like, “Oh, wait, why don’t dogs get hit?” Mike pointed out like, “Oh, we’re seeing that’s the logical fallacy. Basically, we’re seeing the dogs that survived and–

Craig: You see the dogs that aren’t hit.

John: Yes.

Craig: Yes. Coyotes in San Francisco probably, I think the hacky version would just be to start making fun of San Francisco. It’s like, “Oh, now the coyotes keep moving into our neighborhood and the rents are going up.” I wonder where [unintelligible 00:43:29] Coyotes don’t seem funny to me.

Mike: I feel like I would break it–

John: Come on, Wile E. Coyote is an incredible character.

Mike: [laughs]

Craig: The thing is, Wile E. Coyote is, we’re laughing at him, I suppose, but he’s not doing anything irregular. I’ve never seen a coyote use an Acme product.

Mike: If I were going to go into animals, which I ever, if I ever did, it would be the inherent contradiction. So much of comedy is about inherent contradiction. The contradiction is similar to what you’re saying, it’s like, we eat animals, we own animals. We shoo away animals. How are we deciding? Yes.
Who made up the rules on this?

Craig: I think Gaffigan’s got–

Mike: Oh, did he have–? [crosstalk]

Craig: He’s got a pretty good one of like, we eat the animals that aren’t cute.

Mike: That’s right. That’s right. Contradictions would be the thing that would go down, and also the personal story, but I always tell people, one of the probably the smartest things I did artistically was like 25 years ago, I had been doing set up punchline, set up punchline, set up punchline based on things in the news, things happening around town. Then, at a certain point, I was like, “If I wrote about my own experiences, then no one can steal that idea.” Really, no one has that idea. No one’s lived that.

The first thing this makes me think of is like, there’s animals in the walls of my apartment that just run over us. Sometimes Jen will just be like, “Mo,” she calls me Mo. She goes, “Mo, what are we going to do about the animals?” I’m like, “I don’t think you know who you married. I don’t really know. I have no plan for the animals in the ceiling, and I’m not going to have one.” You know what I mean?

Craig: Right, and, “You know that about me.”

Mike: Yes. I don’t know. I do think like finding the what’s your story, the thing about standup comedy and in relation to storytelling, is that the more you have examples of things of your experience of dealing with something, the more people can see themselves in the story. They’re not judging it as, “Oh, this is another guy or lady with a hard take on coyotes,” or this or that or whatever.

I always just try and think, “What’s the personal way in? What’s the personal way in?” Because ultimately, you actually, by telling stories are exhibiting a point of view. Because it’s in the form of a story, the audience isn’t as suspicious of the point of view.

Craig: Yes. Also to give you credit, it’s not a persona. This is actually you. You’re incredibly likable. You’re incredibly likable in no small part because you’re not afraid to be vulnerable. A lot of comedians, their persona is, “I figured it all out. I figured it all out. Let me explain the world to you idiots.” Right? Your persona and your personality is I haven’t– I’m on a journey. I often don’t know what to do. I’m scared a lot. I’m confused. Everyone’s like, “Okay, I’m with you now on this.”

Mike: It’s so funny you should say that because the other day, I did an interview for Time Magazine and she goes– The reporter was great. She goes– It’s a funny question. She goes, “What’s your appeal?”

[Laughter]

John: I love that. That’s so good.

Mike: I’ve never been asked that, “What’s your appeal?”

Craig: Oh my God.

Mike: It forced me to look inward.

Craig: Oh my God.

Mike: She goes, the appeal of Jim Gaffigan is that he’s clean and he’s relatable. The appeal of this person is that she’d go there. I go, “Huh.” It’s so funny what I–

John: It’s amazing.

Mike: What reminded me of it is that my answer is similar to Craig’s.

Craig: There you go.

Mike: If I really had to think about it, I think people think they’re on the journey with me because I’m cataloging these eras of my life as honestly as I can. The audience, I think, trusts that I’m trying my best. I think the people who like me are trying their best. It’s weird to say that that’s my “appeal”, but I think it is probably close to that.

Craig: When she asked the question, was it–? There’s two different meanings to that question. One is, “I’m curious, what do you think your appeal is?” The other one is, “What is your appeal?”

John: Yes, there’s two different reads of that.

Craig: “I’m just so confused why anyone likes you. Can you explain why people like you?”

Mike: It was generous though. I think she’s a good writer. We’ll see how the article comes out.

John: It’s reminding me of when we were doing Big Fish on Broadway, after the Wednesday matinees, sometimes we would do talk-backs, where people could stay in the audience and talk back. It’s always really old people who stick around, who’d go to the Wednesday matinees in the first place.

It’s me and several of the actors at the front of the stage talking to people who stuck around. This one old woman, she asked me a question, she’s like, “Why are you so confident?” I’m like–

Mike: Oh my gosh. Why are you so confident?

John: Yes, and it’s just–

Mike: Wow.

John: It was actually just.

Craig: What a confident-shaking question.

John: Yes, and it sort of put me on my heels, like, “I guess I am con–“ I had to sort of do introspection, like, “I guess I am confident, but why am I confident?” Like, “Who is this person who is speaking right now who is confident doing this thing?” It was a while. It really did shake me a bit.

Craig: Yes, of course. It’s a rattling question. “Why are you so confident?” It’s suspicious.

John: Yes, it’s a challenge to it.

Craig: Yes.

Mike: I think to go back to this point of view and comedy concept, it was like, why is Jeselnik Jeselnik, and me me, and Gaffigan Gaffigan? Is a majority of what you do if you’re trying to be a comedian is you try to figure out who you are on stage in relation to the audience.

Craig: What’s your appeal?

Mike: Yes, it’s what’s your appeal?

Craig: What’s your appeal?

Mike: It’s like, “Oh,” and it takes years. Sometimes it takes a decade or more.

Craig: It is interesting seeing comedians early in their careers as opposed to where they end up. Sometimes it’s sort of unrecognizable.

Mike: Absolutely.

Craig: It is a fascinating thing to watch them evolve into the groove. Sometimes I think like, “Oh, do people get trapped? Because they get very successful, and then suddenly, that fake accent and get ‘er done thing that you’re doing, you can’t stop doing it.

Mike: Are you speaking of someone specifically?

Craig: No.

Mike: Just in general?

Craig: No, just in general, like–

[laughter]

Mike: Hypothetically, if someone was like, said a joke and they’re like, “Get ‘er done,”-

Craig: That would be like–

Mike: -that would be a thing that you’re leaning on a crutch.

Craig: They were like had a job that isn’t really a job anymore, like a cable guy, [crosstalk] or a plumber, or whatever.

Mike: Yes, exactly.

Craig: Yes, like what do you do then, because you’re stuck making all that money?

Mike: What if you never were a cable guy?

Craig: Or had that accent.

[laughter]

John: So good. [crosstalk]

Craig: Then, what do you do? Then what do you do?

John: A crisis of inauthenticity.

Mike: This is like a three-page challenge of personas.

John: What if Mike Birbiglia had a heel turn, where I actually just like, it goes off for a little while, then it comes back, and it’s just like this shock comic, this– I would love to see it.

Mike: It’s funny–

Craig: “Hickory dickory dock.”

John: Yes.

[laughter]

Mike: No, I do think that there is a version of the next few years, where I’m leaning a little bit away from personal stuff, where I do something that takes on the religion, politics, world events, but in an evergreen way. I think what drives me crazy about topical comedy is that you just go, “Okay, this isn’t relevant today, even. It was relevant 24 hours ago,” but I would like to see something that has a wide-spanning, like the last 20 years of living in America.

Craig: It sounds like something that O’Reilly would do.

[laughter]

Mike: Yes, a cross between Matt Damon and Bill O’Reilly would do.

John: As we wrap up our discussion of coyotes, I do want to share one photo, which I think is a great comedic premise. This little white dog is wearing, it’s called a coyote coat, and it’s basically, it looks like a life jacket, but it has all these little plastic spikes on it, so that a coyote can’t bite it and carry it off into the woods. I can just imagine like having to buy the coyote coat for my dog, or just like my dog having to wear the coyote coat. It’s like you’re in a war zone now.

Craig: I think that is, some people might think that that disrupts the Darwinian process, but I think that it is an example of the Darwinian process. You become so cute that a larger, stronger animal dresses you in special things so that you aren’t devoured. It’s a strategy.

John: It’s a strategy.

Craig: That’s a strategy.

John: Yes. Let’s tackle some listener questions. We have one here from Chris.

Drew: Let’s say I heard an idea for a short film expressed on a podcast by a working actor, writer, comedian,-

John: Mike Birbiglia.

Drew: -and wanted to make that film, but was not able to make contact with said person to ask permission. Could that film still be made and shown publicly? Is there credit to be attributed? What if there’s a line spoken by an actor that is nearly identical to what was expressed in the podcast? In this case, this would be 60-second film for social media, just for context.” I can already hear Craig saying you can’t copyright an idea, but maybe the person or podcast details are important.

Craig: Yes, I will say you can’t copyright an idea, but that doesn’t mean you should be doing this.

John: It also feels like stealing a joke. It feels like–

Craig: There’s legal lines and there are moral lines. Legally, could you get away with it? Always remember, legally getting away with it means you were sued, spent money to defend yourself, and won, which is not ideal. In this case also, it’s just, yes, come up with your own idea. That’s my feeling, is if that person wanted to do a 60-second short bit about that, they would. It’s a little odd. I don’t think I would recommend that.

John: The fact that you’re doing this on a podcast with a working actor, writer, comedian, it’s their thing, they may actually do a thing with. If you heard it in a conversation or your brother said something, it’s a different kind of thing. You could also just ask their permission.

Mike: I also think, yes, building on what you were both saying, is as creatives, if you’re pursuing a creative profession, it is so oversaturated. There are so many things being made simultaneously. I actually think the only chance any of us stand is to have our work be so much ours and not something that’s already filmed, recorded, and out there in the universe that you’re actually– It’s a weird case against the argument. The idea is that it’s out there. Even if it’s not a short film already, someone said it, so it’s a little bit less original than you’d want it to be.

John: Going back to what we were just saying about hiking is just walking, that idea, what’s out there, is it’s not an original idea, and so great, do something else that is specifically to you.

Mike: 100%, and by the way, to speak to that person’s note, that’s an oddly helpful piece of feedback, is like, once that person says, “Hey, that’s out there in blah-blah-blah way,” sometimes people, along the tour for two years, people will say to me, “Hey, this line you have is similar to this comic’s thing you have.” Often, I’ll go and I’ll dig it up and I’ll try to find it, and then you have to make a judgment call. Is it too similar? If it is, can I write it in a different direction?

I had one a few specials ago where someone, when it came out as a special, was like, “That’s my joke,” and I was like, “I don’t know what to tell you, I never saw your joke, and it’s filmed right now, so I don’t– It’s parallel thinking, and I feel bad that that’s the case, but there’s nothing I can do.” It’s definitely best efforts to not do that.

John: Dylan in Little Rock has a question.

Drew: “I’m feeling myself getting a little bit paralyzed. I’m feeling that I need to start writing in order to feel accomplished and hold onto some momentum, but I’m not feeling that I have really broken the story in a satisfactory way, and I don’t feel that I know the characters as well as I could or maybe should. I’ve considered that the process of writing may help me to come up with new ideas and fill in some of the gaps, but when do you consider a story broken? How do you know when your characters are developed enough and how much character development work do you do before you write?”

John: Yes, so breaking a story means different things in different contexts. In a TV writer’s room, you break a story, you’re figuring out all the beats on a big whiteboard, you’re doing that stuff. The process of writing a feature film, it could be more experimental and you’re sort of putting things together as you’re doing them. I often won’t have the full thing broken as I start. I’ll just feel it out along my way. There’s probably not a perfect answer for this. You’re writing something right now, is what you’re writing broken? Do you know what all the beats are?

Mike: It’s so funny. Whenever people say this term, breaking a story, I’m always like, it’s not my process. Mine is, I have an idea for a story, I write it out in an outline. At a certain point, I take it as script. At a certain point, this is where I am right now, I take it back to outline because I’m trying to isolate all the individual character arcs, and I can’t do it in a script form. That’s literally what I am right now. My brain can’t do it.

How do you guys deal with that, actually? That’s a question from me to you. How do you deal with managing, like in the case of my movie, it’s like, there’s eight characters. It’s akin to a movie like Four Weddings and a Funeral where not everybody has to have a meaningful arc, but unless they have like a little miniature arc, I do feel like there’s some threads that are unfinished.

Craig: I think I probably wouldn’t start writing until I understood all of that.

Mike: All of it.

Craig: Yes, but that’s me. I think your process clearly works for you, and it’s perfectly fine. Anyone’s process is fine if the outcome is good. I think breaking the story is actually, I agree with you, it’s not a useful term. It comes really from writer’s rooms, from 14 writers eating Mendocino Farms and hashing out, “Okay, this episode, this happens. What’s the A story? What’s the B story? What’s the C story?” It is procedurals, right?

John: Yes.

Craig: There isn’t a mechanism to it, which is important for that process. For a movie, I never use the phrase, “breaking the story” for a movie. Really, I would say, outline. I start with a very broad outline. Who’s the main character? What is the thing that needs to happen at the end? What would be an interesting beginning for that? What is the premise of this thing, and what’s the journey?

Mike: I think one of the best things you can have in terms of breaking a story or to use that term is like figuring out, can I pitch this in 25 words or 50 words? And is that compelling? If I told this to a friend and I said it in the first person, are they interested? I think that if they’re not interested is when you start to go, “Okay, let me figure out where I’m losing their interest.”

John: Yes, I just pitched a project yesterday, and in the early conversations with people, it wasn’t fully broken. I sort of knew what the beats were, but by the time where I was actually pitching it to a buyer, it really had all the beats. You could feel what the entire movie was and that’s, I guess, what I would consider broken. It’s like you really can have a sense of what all the sequences of the story were going to be.

Mike: It’s funny, you hear terms like breaking story or industry terms, and in so many ways, the work I enjoy most is people trying to reinvent what their artistic process is. If you look at Last of Us, for example, I think my favorite thing about it is it’s not like other television shows. That it is, in some ways, weirdly, doesn’t resemble a TV show. That it feels like life, it feels like we are in this apocalyptic scenario and oh my God, what is that? What would I do? What’s she going to do?

Craig: Oh, it’s definitely not like other shows.

[laughter]

Mike: Don’t you think that’s part of it is like making things that don’t feel like other things?

Craig: Yes, I do think so. I think that’s become more and more important because there are 14 million television shows. The trick is to find a way to both be different and also compelling. It is very easy to be different and bad because a lot of difference were considered by our forebears and tossed aside because they were bad. I would say to Dylan, you need to slow down a little bit and ask yourself if maybe the story that you’ve come up with, any of the things that you think of as fixed in position should be fixed in position.

Sometimes we get stuck. We build a column and a load-bearing wall, and then we’re like, “I can’t fit the rooms I want around this.” Maybe the problem is the column and the load-bearing wall. Those things that we think of as immovable, maybe start moving them.

Mike: I also think you look at things that we admire, I was saying like Last of Us, another one would be like the films of David Lynch. It’s like if you try to put Mulholland Drive into the story-

John: No.

Mike: -the story format,-

Craig: You create that story.

Mike: -of McKee or something, it’s like,-

Craig: Or you could-

Mike: “I don’t know what that is.”

Craig: Pitch that in 50 words.

Mike: Yeah, I don’t know.

Craig: That would be the pitch.

Mike: Yes, exactly, that’s the pitch.

Craig: “What’s it about?” “Yeah, I don’t know.”

[laughter]

John: All right, let’s do our one cool things here. I’m going to call an audible, and so I’m going to pivot from what I was going to recommend to in terms of just like breaking the form and spinning a bunch of plates. John Mulaney’s show, Everybody’s Live, it’s just gotten really, really good.

Mike: Oh yes, it’s great.

John: If you’ve not watched it at all, go back and watch the episode, guests are Sarah Silverman and Patton Oswalt, but the show is just nuts, and Mulaney’s blindfolded through the whole episode. 19,000 things are happening, and it all holds together really, really well. It’s postmodern in the sense of like, there’s a theme kind of, but it’s just crazy. it’s just I’m really admiring what they’re able to pull off once a week on Mulaney’s show, Everybody’s Live, on Netflix.

Craig: Amazing. What about you?

Mike: I was thinking of young comedians and newer comedians. There’s this great comic named Chris Fleming who came on my podcast recently, and he just kills me. He’s a Massachusetts guy like me. He — talk about burning it all down — he just has no allegiances to anyone, specifically in culture, and so he’ll say things where I’ll just– I said to him on my podcast, “Do you know that–?” the person he’s referencing? He’s like, “No.” I go, “You don’t know that person you said that crazy joke about?” but he’s great.

Craig: That’s awesome.

Mike: He’s super funny, and to speak to the kind of David Lynch with The Last of Us of it all, of creating a thing that hasn’t existed before, when I look at Chris Fleming, I don’t go, “Oh, that’s like this.” I just go, “Whoa, that’s Chris Fleming. I love that.”

Craig: Yes, who is this?

Mike: Who is this?

Craig: That’s my favorite. I’ve been on a roll for one cool thing for games, so I spoke to Inevitable Foundation, which is run by Richie Siegel, and it was a lovely group of folks. He was kind enough to send along some of the feedback, which was all bad, and [laughs] not really. They were very happy. One person in their feedback said, “Oh, and by the way, since I know Craig likes these sort of things, he really needs to play Blue Prince, if he hasn’t.” Blue Prince is as in blue, the color, and then Prince, P-R-I-N-C-E, but of course, this is a pun on blueprints. The game is so simple and so hard, which I love.

Mike: Oh, wow.

Craig: You have inherited a mansion from your mysterious uncle. Your job is to go through and explore the mansion, which has 45 rooms, find the 46th room, and you will be able to keep the mansion. The mechanics are every day, you start in the foyer, and there are three doors, and when you open a door, it gives you a choice to draft what room goes there, and there are like 40 types of rooms, and you pick it, and you start to move through, and every time, the house is different, and some rooms just stop, and you know if they stop or not.

There are costs, and keys, and methods, and puzzles, and it’s roguelike, because then the next day, you’re like, “Okay, that didn’t work, let me try this.” It’s early on for me, and I’m so beautifully frustrated.

Mike: Wow.

John: Love it.

Craig: Yes, it’s really, it’s like when you come across a fresh idea like that, it’s really cool, yes. Blue Prince, and it’s developed by Dogubomb.

Mike: Great.

Craig: You can get it on PlayStation, Windows, Xbox, your Steam Deck, which is where I play it, and so forth.

Mike: Very nice.

John: That is our show for this week. Scriptnotes is produced by Drew Marquardt, with help this week from Sam Shapson. It is edited by Matthew Chilelli. Our outro this week is by Nick Moore. If you have an outro, you can send us a link to ask@johnaugust.com. That is also the place where you can send questions like the ones we answered today. Don’t leave comments on Spotify because we turn those off, but you can leave comments to our YouTube videos, which we have a Scriptnotes YouTube channel.

Mike: You do?

John: Yes, we just added this week.

Craig: Another place for people to yell at me about Joel. I’m Scriptnotes Premium, by the way.

John: Thank you very much for that.

Mike: I joined recently. I love it.

Craig: Oh– [crosstalk]

John: You get all those back episodes.

Mike: I love it. Two of my faves are Dennis Palumbo of course and the Craig Mazin, Here’s How to-

John: How to Write a Movie.

Mike: -How to write a Movie. It’s so good.

Drew: Those are both available on our YouTube.

Craig: We should probably charge extra for them.

John: We should. Yes, yes, how do we charge extra?

Mike: Yes, supplements.

Craig: Because we got to get these cool new microphones.

John: You’ll find transcripts at johnaugust.com, along with the signup for our weekly newsletter called Interesting, which has lots of links to things about writing. We have t-shirts and hoodies and drinkware. You can find those at Cotton Bureau. You get the show notes with all the links to the things we talked about today in the email you get each week as a premium subscriber. Thank you to all those premium subscribers. You make it possible for us to do this every week. For Craig to dream of new microphone setups in our office studio here.

You can sign up to become a premium member at scriptnotes.net. You get all those back episodes, like episode 99 and How to Write a Movie. Bonus segments like the one we’re about to record on the infrastructure of being a standup comic and doing all the things that you have to do to actually make a living. With that, Mike Birbiglia, thank you so much for being on the show.

Mike: It’s such an honor. I love this show. My favorite podcast.

John: Aww.

Craig: Thank you.

[Bonus Segment]

John: All right, Mike, one of the things that impressed me when I came to record the podcast at your place is that you do video, you’re promoting the podcast, but it’s also part of your bigger machinery because you have to, as a touring comic, you have to plan all that stuff, you have to do marketing, you must have a giant mailing list. I want to talk to you about sort of the infrastructure it takes to be a comic who’s doing the kind of stuff you’re doing.

Mike: It’s funny, I was on The Town podcast the other day, which is really good, and we had this discussion of this thing where Matt says, “Do comedians need Hollywood anymore?” The answer is they don’t.

Craig: Not at all.

Mike: Weirdly, they don’t, and I think that that’s good. I think the things to make comedy and get the comedy to market are less and less expensive and more easy to access. It puts the onus on you to make something that’s great and sets itself apart from all other things, but also, you have to get it to market and market it, really. There’s a lot to that.

John: Getting it to market, there’s Instagram, there’s YouTube, those are crucial channels for comics. What else?

Mike: Weirdly, sometimes I’ll say, because Mabel and Gary and Peter and Joe, that’s my company, and we all produce the podcast together. Mabel and Gary are in their 20s, and so sometimes they’ll point out things to me that I’m just going, “Oh, I wouldn’t have thought of that at all.” For example, at a certain point, like two years ago, Mabel goes, “We have to have the podcast on video. I’ve never listened to a podcast.”

[laughs]

John: Yes, that’s my daughter too.

Mike: I was like, “What do you mean you haven’t listened to a podcast?” She goes, “I’m sorry, I just I put it on. I don’t look at the video, but it’s on. Sometimes I’ll reference it, I’m like, ‘Oh’.” There is a degree of rolling with, so then we did it. Rolling with where culture and media is going. Then the other side of that is, sometimes I’ll say to Mabel and Gary, I’ll go like, “We have to be aware of what are the platforms that are next. Because when I was coming up in the 2000s, it was Myspace. Myspace is gone.”

Craig: It is? I’m spending so much time on that.

[laughter]

Mike: Your premium membership on Myspace is $49 a month?

Craig: Yes.

John: I have a friend request, and you never get nothing.

Craig: It’s the only place people don’t yell at me about The Last of Us.

Mike: Of course, Zuckerberg is spending billions of dollars every year to make sure that Instagram is still relevant, still relevant, still relevant. Cut to, at a certain point, it’s not going to be.

Craig: It’s the opening credit sequence of Silicon Valley, just watch them go up, watch them go down.

John: That’s right.

Craig: Explode, implode, come back, grow. You have to have– Well, really, it sounds like part of your infrastructure is youth.

Mike: It’s youth. Yes, it is. Yes.

John: A mailing list. Is there a mailing list people subscribe to and you send out blasts with all your upcoming tour dates?

Mike: That’s right, and I’ve been doing that oddly since I was in college. I would do shows at the Washington, DC Improv, and I would have comment cards on the tables and say, “If you have your email address, I’ll send out a newsletter once a month.” I think the infrastructure is Maichimp and one of the companies that does it–

John: Mailchimp is so effing expensive.

Mike: I know.

Craig: Mailchimp is expensive?

Mike: It’s on the pricey side.

Craig: Also, then everybody, their podcasts are sponsored by Mailchimp, so Mailchimp is just like rotating the money around.

Mike: Yes.

John: Yes, it’s a money cycle.

Mike: No, it’s true, but I do think the relationship between artists and audiences has just gotten closer and closer through the years, and such that things that are massive, and it’s a comedian who’s playing Madison Square Garden, you might mention that person’s name to someone else, they go, “I’ve never heard of that person.” They’re playing Madison Square Garden, and it’s just them talking into a microphone, you’ve never heard of them.

Craig: That’s right.

Mike: It’s astonishing.

Craig: That’s happened a few times recently to me, where I don’t know, and that’s part of getting old. I actually love the way the world is slowly getting cottony and sealing me off in preparation.

[laughter]

Craig: I don’t mind that, but I do love talking to the people that work for me that are younger because– Riding back and forth from location every day with Ali Cheng, who used to be my assistant, and now she’s a writer on The Last of Us. Ali was able to explain to me in deep detail the whole Kendrick and Drake thing as it was happening, because I was like, “I don’t know– What is going–? First of all, who’s Dot?” She was like, “Oh my God. Okay.” But then, I was so into it.

John: Yes, sure.

Craig: Then I was deep in, and I was– Then the next day, I’ll come in, I’m like, “Oh my God. Did you see?” It keeps you plugged in, but you’ll need somebody to help you.

Mike: Yes, I think the key thing about entertainers in this moment is continuing to be open to where everything is going and nonjudgmental about where it’s going. Because if you become the judgmental person of like, “Oh, back in my day,” blah-blah-blah, I think you’re toast, or you will be toast.

John: Someone like Gary, who’s working for you, or Mabel, they have their own careers, they’re developing their own online presences.

Mike: Absolutely.

John: They have their own analysts. They have to figure out all that.

Mike: Directing things and short films and all kinds of stuff, yes.

John: Yes, so who teaches you? Basically, you just have to learn. You get in the crowd and see what everyone else is doing, because it’s not like you can go to film school, you can theoretically, learn how to write a screenplay. If there’s no comedy school, I guess you could go through-

Mike: UCB-

John: UCB.

Mike: -or improv and stuff like that. Yes, there’s no path to be a comedian, but at the same time, there never was a path, right?

John: Yes, it was always figuring out how early in a career does a person need a manager or an agent who’s doing mostly standup?

Mike: I’ve always thought– People ask me who are starting out all the time, how do I get an agent? When I think back to my agent now, Mike Berkowitz, who I’ve worked with for I think 25 years, he was starting out. I was like one of his first two clients. He started out at a management company, but he was doing the side, booking thing on the side. We’re the same age, and so we came up together. Now, he represents Kevin Hart and John Mulaney, all biggest comics on the place. He’s a huge agent, but I think part of it is surrounding yourself with people who you respect, who are in your roughly age group, and even level.

I think there’s a sense of like, “Oh, I need to sign,” I’ll throw out someone who’s dead, but it’s like, “I need to sign with Bernie Brillstein.” It’s, “No, no, you don’t need to sign with Bernie Brillstein. He doesn’t have time for you. You need to sign for someone who’s three rungs below Bernie Brillstein.”

John: Yes, absolutely. Signing with an agent who was really a peer and who I was grinding with together was incredibly helpful, because he just knew the right people. He knew what was actually happening.

Mike: The people who are young, while you are young will be the stars of tomorrow across the entire field.

John: Absolutely.

Mike: -and so making friends and making bonds and collaborations with people who are in your peer group and investing in those people, and hopefully, they invest in you. That’s, I think, one of the best things you can do.

John: How much of your work time is devoted to writing, figuring out the comedy, figuring out that work versus the career of like setting dates, and doing social media, and doing all the other stuff? What is the split?

Mike: I would say like it’s 2/3 the art, 1/3 marketing, but I would say, there are periods in my career where it is like 70/30 marketing. It’s miserable, but it was because there wasn’t enough work, and so it’s like, “Oh, I have to advertise my work more. I have to market my work more.” It’s like, you’re always rest always, and I think this is true of everyone.
It’s like the next hurdle is like, “We got to figure out the key art.” The next hurdle is, “We got to figure out the trailer.” The next figure, “We got to figure out what the Instagram tile is that conveys the idea of this whole project.” All that kind of stuff. It’s like, it is important. Yes, I try to minimize it, but it’s like, I don’t think anyone gets out of doing that.

John: I think one of the big differences between a pure screenwriter and what you’re doing is that we talk about like a screenwriter has to be entrepreneurial, but it’s like that whole level of magnitude is greater. You literally are responsible for how much the money’s coming in, whether you’re getting that date, whether you’re getting that thing to happen. Your income is so directly tied into how much promotion and everything else you’re doing for yourself.

Mike: Yes, and also, I feel like you have to have an awareness or try to have an awareness of where the business is going, where it’s been, where it could go, where we can’t possibly imagine it’s going. The AI discussion right now is so interesting because it’s like, it’s some people going like, “All right, easy on the AI stuff,” it’s every other conversation, but it’s like “No, no, it literally could change everything.”

John: Oh, absolutely.

Mike: Everything.

John: Yes, next week or a week after, I do once a full episode where we really just look at it because you look at not just the, how it’s impacting writing, but you look at the new video production things that come off, which is like, “That looks completely photorealistic, and the speech lines up,” and I just don’t what we’re going to do.

Mike: It’s astonishing.

John: Because like, maybe you won’t have to tour anymore because you could just press the button and there’s Mike Birbiglia. You’ll be this age forever.

Mike: Yes, we can only hope.

[laughter]

Mike: I got to lock in age 46, because it’s not getting any better.

John: This is the good life. Congratulations to get on the special, and thank you for coming on.

Mike: Thanks for coming to the screening last night, it meant the world to me.

John: Cool.

Links:

  • Mike Birbiglia
  • The Good Life on Netflix
  • Mike’s previous episodes: 121, 168, 261, 427, 443, and Working it Out: Screenwriting Advice You’ll Actually Use
  • Episode 660 – Moneyball
  • Ira Glass on Mike’s podcast Working it Out
  • Elizabeth Gilbert TED Talk
  • The Run Club Haters by Melissa Dahl for Curbed
  • I Hadn’t Heard From My Dad in Over a Decade. Now He’s Returned With a Brazen Request. I’m Actually Considering It. from Slate’s Care and Feeding
  • The Coyotes of San Francisco by Heather Knight and Loren Elliot for NY Times
  • Coyote Vest
  • Everybody’s Live with John Mulaney
  • Chris Fleming
  • Blue Prince
  • Get a Scriptnotes T-shirt!
  • Check out the Inneresting Newsletter
  • Become a Scriptnotes Premium member, or gift a subscription!
  • Subscribe to Scriptnotes on YouTube
  • Craig Mazin on Instagram
  • John August on Bluesky and Instagram
  • Outro by Nick Moore (send us yours!)
  • Scriptnotes is produced by Drew Marquardt with help from Sam Shapson. It’s edited by Matthew Chilelli.

Email us at ask@johnaugust.com

You can download the episode here.

Scriptnotes, Episode 685: Page and Stage with Leslye Headland, Transcript

May 14, 2025 Scriptnotes Transcript

The original post for this episode can be found here.

John August: Hello and welcome. My name is John August and you’re listening to episode 685 of Scriptnotes, a podcast about screenwriting and things that are interesting to screenwriters.

Today on the show, screenplays and stage plays are superficially similar. They both consist of scenes with characters talking to each other, so why do they feel so different and why is it often so challenging to move something from one format to another?

To help us explore these questions, we are joined by writer, director, showrunner, and playwright, Leslye Headland, best known for creating Russian Doll on Netflix along with the accolade on Disney Plus. She wrote and directed Bachelorette, adapted from her own play, and she’s coming off of a Broadway runner for acclaim play, Cult of Love, which I got to see in New York and absolutely loved. I’m so excited, Leslye, to get to talk with you about all these things. Welcome, Leslye Headland.

Leslye Headland: Thank you. What an intro. Gosh, it’s so nice to be here. I didn’t realize you’d seen the play.

John: I saw the play. Here’s how I saw the play. I was in New York because we were doing a new version of Big Fish, and we were there for the rehearsals and the 29-hour reading basically of Big Fish. Andrew Lippa, who is the composer lyricist of Big Fish, is a Tony voter, and so he said, “Oh, hey, I need to go see a bunch of stuff, come with me.” I’m like, “Great. I’ll go do anything you want to see.”

We show up and I’m just talking with them and I literally walk in the theater and I have no idea what the play is or who’s in it. I didn’t even look at the signage to see who was in the show, and so literally I come into the theater and there is this gorgeous set, the prettiest set I’ve ever seen on a stage play. I absolutely loved what I saw on that beautiful set.

Leslye: Oh, yes. The set was designed by John Lee Beatty, who is an absolute legend in terms of set design. I had a really, I would say, clear vision for what the set would look like, that it would have that Fanny and Alexander touch to it. There was a play by Annie Baker called John that took place in a bed and breakfast that was also like just stuffed to the brim with coziness. All of that just directly contrasts the darker content of the plays, and those plays as well as mine.

John: I want to get into that because we’re actually– I want to take a look at the very first page of your play because you actually lay out in the same description what it’s supposed to look like. It’s so different than how we would do it in a screenplay, and it’s so effective on this page, but it’s just a different experience. We’ll get into that, but I also want to talk about– obviously you’ve done film, theater, television. I want to talk about origin stories, because you went from assistant to auteur, which is something that a lot of our listeners are trying to go for. I want to talk about time loops because I love a time loop. You’ve written a bunch of time loops in a Russian Doll, and we have listener questions about music cues and long scripts, which I hope you can help us tackle.

Leslye: Absolutely, yes.

John: Then after we’re done with the main show, in our bonus segment, I want to talk about the difference of seeing plays versus seeing movies, because as screenwriters, it’s easy to catch up on movies. We can just watch them anytime we want to watch them, but for plays, it’s such a specific deal. If you can’t actually go see a play– if I didn’t happen to be in New York to see your play, I wouldn’t be able to talk to you about how great it was. I want to talk about the differences between seeing plays versus seeing movies and how you keep up as an artist.

Leslye: Oh, I’d love to talk about that. I love working in all those mediums, but they’re all very, very, very different.

John: They are, and so having done a bunch of them, there’s gatekeepers, there’s shibboleths, there’s this a whole sets of systems you have to learn the ropes of, and so there’s things you come into it thinking like, “Oh, I know how to do this thing,” and you realize like, “Ah” that it works so differently. Can we wind it all the way back, though, because I’d love to some backstory on you and how you got started, where you came up from, and when you first decided that writing and making things was for you?

Leslye: Very, very young. I was one of those kids that just wrote, you just started writing. I would read books for– I’d get them from the library, like the Judy Blume, or I ordered a bunch of American Girl doll books, which I absolutely loved. Then I would fill composition books with rip-offs of those. Just doing exactly the same structure.

John: You learn by copying, you learn by imitating other things you see.

Leslye: Exactly.

John: There’s no shame in that.

Leslye: Just beat for beat imitations, but with my own characters, like with the themes and personalities that I found more interesting than the simplistic morality of those types of books.

John: Absolutely.

Leslye: One of the reasons Judy Blume is so great is that there’s this gray out area that she writes about, but very soon I found musical theater. I became completely obsessed with Stephen Sondheim. Nobody could tell me anything that wasn’t Stephen Sondheim. I was introduced to him from the D. A. Pennebaker documentary about the marathon recording of Company. My dad watched it with me. It was on PBS or something.

He was watching it late at night and he said, “Leslye, get in here.” I ran into my parents’ room and he said, “You need to watch this.” I started watching it. He didn’t know what it was, I think he just started seeing it and was like, “This is my girl.” I started watching it. Sondheim is in light all Black. There’s one part where he puts his head in his hands, he’s so depressed at what’s happening. I said, “Who is that?” He said, “That’s the writer.” Suddenly, I was like, that was my basis for what a writer was.

John: You had the opportunity to see this thing that you loved. Oh, you can actually see the face of the person behind the thing and see the hard work and process it took to make that thing?

Leslye: Absolutely.

John: Rather than scaring you away from it, you were like, “Oh, I want to go and do that thing.”

Leslye: Yes. Absolutely wanted to dive in. Jumped into being a drama kid, then I went to Tisch for college for directing and acting a little bit, but not writing. I would write screenplays on my own that were terrible. I would give them to my friends. They would say, “This is terrible,” but I learned so much from directing. Just figuring out how to tell a story visually rather than texturally was exactly what I needed for those four years.

John: Talk to us about the program at Tisch. Was this all directing for the stage? Was it directing for a camera? What was the classes and what things we were learning?

Leslye: It’s a good question. They’re all broken up into different studios, and I was in a studio called Playwrights Horizons. It’s actually not that connected to the off-Broadway theater, but this particular studio, rather than– and they have Strasberg, Adler, the musical theater program. Playwrights was a little jack of all trades. You could study design, you could study directing, you could study acting, you could study, not dance, but Alexander Technique and have all these voice classes and everything. It really was a hodgepodge of information, so you could pick and choose what it was you wanted to focus on.

My main one was directing, and each year you’d do something different. The first year you’re just going to everything. Everything. I did acting classes, I did design classes, I did directing classes. I was not great at any of them, to be quite honest. I did have a couple of spurts of directing that were good that I felt very proud of, but that was it. Then in second year, you stage-managed for the juniors and the seniors. When you became a junior, you did two short plays. You did one in the fall and then you did one in the spring. You did two one-acts. I did The Lesson by Ionesco, and I did Beirut.

Then when you’re a senior, if you’ve made it this far, which a lot of people did not, you do a full length. I did Waiting for Godot because I love that play. It is my heart. It is exactly who I am, and the story that I want to tell influenced me beyond– like Sondheim. I’d say it was like Sondheim and Godot were just the major thing. I got to do that for my senior thesis project. I would say that people at Tisch responded to it, essentially, the same way that people respond my work now, which is, they’re impressed, but they’re also confused by what’s happening. I do think that the style of what I do now absolutely was born out of that production.

John: Let’s talk about that style, because what was it about that? Was it your choices in terms of how characters are presenting themselves on stage? Was it how you’re handling dialogue? Because as we get into Cult of Love, I want to talk about your very specific choices in terms of when characters overlap and when they don’t. What were some things if someone said like, “Oh–“ if they could time travel back and see that production, it’s like, “Oh, well, that’s very Leslye Headland.” What was it about that?

Leslye: Well, it was definitely very choreographed. One of my teachers said that was the most energetic version of Godot I’ve ever seen, because I didn’t have them just standing there. My aha moment for it was Marx brothers. I was just like, “It’s Vaudeville, that’s what this is.” Therefore, it was very choreographed and it was almost a musical, essentially. That Sondheim influence was pushed into it.

We did so many visual gags that were– even Lucky’s speech was this massive, just all of them hanging onto that leash of his and yanking him around. My Lucky was an incredible dancer and a gymnast. He could fall on the ground in just a violent, violent way. My mentor for the project said– When you do a postmortem with all of the teachers and the head of the studio and you get the critique, and some of it was good, some of it was critical, which is normal for what that moment is, but my mentor for it said, “I think you’re one of the darkest people I’ve ever met, but also really stupid things make you laugh.” I do think that what I ended up doing was very messed up characters and situations that then became a big joke. [laughs]

John: Coming from that, you’re graduating from Tisch? This is early 2000s. When are you coming out of Tisch?

Leslye: I graduated in 2003. I immediately started working at Miramax. I actually was working at Miramax while I was in school. I would go to my classes in the morning, I would go to Miramax. I was working in the Archive Department, which means that I was archiving all of the props and costumes and any set pieces for films, so that they could be archived for posterity. Also, all these things were sent out for Oscar campaign so that they could be displayed in places, like the costumes for Chicago, or the props, and the costumes for Gangs of New York. It was that time period, 2002.

Then, 2003, I immediately started working as an assistant. The next thing is that I quit. I had no money. I lived on my friend’s couch in a studio apartment. That’s where I wrote my spec Bachelorette. I worked at Amoeba Records, I worked at Rocket Video. I got a job wherever I could. Then I started writing these plays. There were a bunch of friends from NYU who had started a theater company called IAMA Theatre Company, and they’re still going strong. We just started developing these plays.

I started the Seven Deadly Plays series because I just wanted to challenge myself to write seven plays. That was really the biggest thing, was, “Can I keep writing, and can I keep getting better, and stop thinking about one particular project as being the thing that’s going to make me?” I felt that was really helpful. It was really helpful to develop the plays with actors, to watch them read things, and understand like, “Oh, that’s a really bad scene that I wrote,” because people don’t talk– I just saw two people do it, and it’s absolutely uninteresting, and there’s nothing going on.

I think sometimes when we are in a fishbowl of writing drafts or writing first drafts, it’s almost like your brain is a dangerous neighborhood and you really shouldn’t be hanging out there alone. [laughter] That’s how I– People have got to start reading it. You’ve got to have a reading with some actors. That’s just my advice. I’m sure nobody else does that, but that’s what I do.

John: No, Mike Birbiglia, who’s been on the show a couple of times, always talks about how important those readings are to get people just– the pizza readings just with friends, just to get a sense of, “What does this actually sound like? What does it actually feel like with real people doing it?”

Leslye: Yes, that’s exactly right.

John: You created a great situation for yourself, where you set yourself a goal of writing these seven plays. You wrote these seven plays. In the process of writing them, you got to stage them, see what they actually felt like on their feet.

Leslye: Yes. They were all done in little black box theaters. I forgot to say that, when I was an assistant, I was still doing that. I was putting my own money into black box theaters so that I could mount other shows like Adam Rapp and Neil LaBute. When I started writing the plays, again, like the composition books, I just started ripping off other plays. Bachelorette is just a female Hurlyburly. I just was like, “Oh, I can’t believe nobody’s thought of that.”

Each play had its own genre reference, if that makes sense. Cult Of Love is a family drama, which is a staple of plays. There are so many family dramas, but I like to, within that composition book, do my own thing.

John: Let’s talk about Bachelorette. This is one of your Seven Deadly Plays. You were able to write it as a play mounted in a black box theater situation, and then you went in and made the screenplay version of it with the intention of you directing from the very start, or did you think, “This is something I’m going to sell?” What was your intention in going into Bachelorette?

Leslye: I thought I was going to sell. I did not in any shape or form assume that I was going to be directing it. I worked really hard on the screenplay. I got an agent based off of it. I started to do the Water Bottle Tour. That’s what I call it. I don’t know if other people do.

John: Oh, that’s the term of art. We all say that, yes.

Leslye: This, for people who don’t know, it’s where your agent send you out to the executives at different production companies or different studios, and they’ve read your spec and they just get to know you and you guys have a little chat. Over and over again, I got the feedback about the movie that, “This is absolutely the way women talk, but no one wants to watch that.” I thought it would be a good writing sample, and maybe I can get some jobs off of it.

Adam McKay and Will Ferrell, and Jessica Elbaum ended up optioning it just as the play was going up in New York. It was a confluence of this piece that had been– this little tiny play that I didn’t really think was going to do– It was just one of seven. It didn’t seem like the one that was going to go, but then it went up with Second Stage in 2010. Then they optioned it at the same time.

They sent it to a bunch of directors, which is very par for the course. I can’t even remember who we sent it to. We sent it to every human. Everybody passed. It was also the time of– It was actually written before Bridesmaids, but Bridesmaids got made first, so there was this rush of, “Can we beat Bridesmaids? We can’t.” The directors started passing on it because–

John: They were just too much alike.

Leslye: Yes, it was like, “We already saw that. We already did that.” I was at the Gary Sanchez Christmas party with Adam and a bunch of other people. I was just sitting there with Adam chatting, and he said, “We haven’t found a director for Bachelorette.” I said, “I think we’ll find somebody.” He said, “Why don’t you just direct it?” I said, “I think that’s a great idea. I think I should.” Again, just do everything before you’re ready. If you get that opportunity, do not think in your head, “I don’t know how to do that.” Just say yes. Just be like, “Absolutely.”

His reasoning, and we talked about this a little bit, was, “You know these characters more than anybody in the world, and you can work with actors, because that’s what you’ve been doing for the last seven, eight years.” He said, “To me, that’s the most important thing. We can set you up to success with all the other stuff.”

John: I’d love us to transition now. We talked about getting Bachelorette set up, but I want to go back to plays and really focus in on playwriting versus screenwriting, because they look so similar at a glance, but then actually get into how they work and what our expectations are as audiences, they’re really different. In a stage play, the audience is actively participating in the imagination with you.

Leslye: That’s correct.

John: They’re there, they’re game to go. If you show them a desk and say, “This is an office,” this is an office. You have their full attention in ways that you don’t know if you have it with a movie. With a movie, you don’t know if they’re half watching. Here, for those first 5, 10 minutes, they are there, they’re fully invested into what we’re doing, which is great, except that some things are just harder to do on a stage, like that sense of where we are. Creating a sense of place is more challenging. You don’t have close-ups, so you have to make sure that small emotions are going to be able to land if we can’t see a person’s face.

Leslye: That’s correct, yes.

John: I’d love to start with, in Cult of Love– Drew, if you could read us this opening scene description of the house where we’re starting. We’ll read this first, and then we’ll get a summary from Leslye about what actually happens here. Drew, help us out with what happens on the page. Page one of Cult Of Love.

Drew Marquardt: Sure.

“Home, the first floor of a farmhouse in Connecticut, 8:30 PM, Christmas Eve. The kitchen, dining area, and living room are all immediately visible. A small door to a washroom, an entryway alcove/mudroom with a coat closet/rack. An upright piano stands near a staircase to the second floor. A red front door with a Christmas wreath leads to a quaint, covered porch area. Snow falls.

The house is decorated for Christmas. This cannot be overstated. The place is literally stuffed to the brim with goodies, evergreens, and cheer. It’s an oppressive display of festivities and middle-class wealth that pushes the limits of taste. There isn’t a surface, seat, or space that isn’t smothered with old books, LPs, plates of sweets, (no real food, though), glasses of wine, wrapped presents, stockings, and garlands of greenery and tinsel.

There are many musical instruments, a spinet piano, banjo, nylon, and steel string guitar, ukulele, steel drum, washboard, djembe, melodica, harmonicas, hand bells, spoons, maracas, and sleigh bells. They are not displayed or specially cared for in any way. They lay among the Christmas decorations and book collections like any other piece of ephemera. When a character picks an instrument up, regardless of size, the audience should always be surprised it was there hiding in plain sight. Notably absent, a television, a sound system. Actually, there’s no visible technology. No one’s holding iPhones, tablets, or computers. They will come out when scripted.”

John: All right, Leslye, five paragraphs here to set up this room that we’re in for the duration of the play. It’s so evocative and so clearly shows you what you’re going to do here, but you, as the screenwriter, Leslye Headland, would never put that in a script. It’s a different thing than what you would do on the page here. Talk us through how you approach the scene description at the start of a play.

Leslye: Well, I think with this play, it was important to be super prescriptive about what that world was going to look like. Like you said, when you came in and you were like, “That’s the most beautiful set I’ve ever seen,” that was the idea, to go through five paragraphs so that it was very clear that this is not open to interpretation.

John: Absolutely. It’s not a metaphor of a family living room. This is actually the space. Your point about, when I walked in the theater, the curtain’s up. We’re seeing this behind a scrim, but we’re seeing the whole set. As the audience, we’re spending more than five paragraphs just looking at the space before any actors come in, and I think, which is also serving us. It’s really establishing this is the place where this story is going to happen, which is great.

Leslye: I also think that there are cues, essentially, that you should follow. One thing that I felt very strongly about with the play was that it didn’t feel too now, that there would be an essence of this could perceivably take place at any time. Putting the technology in there would be disruptive to the fantasy, because that’s really what it is. It’s a fantasy play. It’s not Long Day’s Journey Into Night. It’s not August: Osage County. It’s in that genre, but it’s not meant to be.

John: It’s in that genre. The audience approaches it with some of the same expectations, and so you have to very quickly establish that it’s not those things, and you doing that through music and other things, but we should say, because most of our listeners won’t have seen this play, we’ve set up this gorgeous set, what’s going to happen here? What’s the short version of Cult Of Love? You don’t have to go through everything, but who is the family that we’re going to meet here?

Leslye: The logline or the synopsis, you mean?

John: Yes.

Leslye: This is about a family, upper middle class family in Connecticut, who all come home to celebrate Christmas. It’s parents, four grown children, and their partners. They all are essentially exploring and voicing and venting all of these pent-up frustrations in history that they have with each other, which is pretty normal for a family play.

What I would say is that the thing that makes it set apart is that there is no plot. No one is trying to do anything. There isn’t a thing that any one character is trying to achieve. The action of the play is the disillusionment of both the family, or the disintegration, sorry, also disillusionment, but the disintegration of the family as a unit, as a beautiful idea into the reality of how a family breaks apart eventually and gets completely decimated.

The idea behind the play is that you watch that, but instead of watching the story of that, because there is no plot, that you yourself insert the plot of your own family. Therefore, the catharsis comes, hopefully, at the end of the play because you have been watching your family, not my family, or the play’s family. That was the intention of the show. I don’t know if I answered your question.

John: Oh, absolutely. We’re going to see on stage this family go through these dynamics. As an audience member who went in literally knowing not what play I was going to see, that’s what I was pulling out of it.

It’s interesting to say that there’s just no plot, because you’re overstating that a bit. People do want things. There are goals. Characters have motivations. There’s things they’re trying to get to, but there’s not a protagonist who comes through to the end and things are really transformed. It’s not the last Christmas they’re ever going to be at this house. There’s no establishment of that, but it’s all the little small things, the little small tensions that are ripping at the seams of this very perfect situation that you have established.

Leslye: Absolutely. One of the big inspirations for the play, and one of my biggest influences, beyond who surpassed Sondheim, is John Cassavetes. Cassavetes once said about Shadows, his first movie, that he was very interested in characters who had problems that were overtaken by other problems. That’s what I wanted to achieve, a lot of my work, for sure, but specifically with Cult Of Love.

That’s really where the overlapping dialogue comes in. It’s meant to evoke a Cassavetes indie film, where you can’t quite latch on to one character as the good guy or the bad guy. You’re dropped into an ecosystem where you have to decide, “Am I going to align myself with this character or this character?” That’s where all of that came from.

John: Actually, before we even get to this description of the set, there’s a description in the script about how dialogue works. Drew, could you read this for us

Drew: “A note about overlapping dialogue. When dual dialogue is indicated, regardless of parenthetical or stage directions, the dialogue starts simultaneously. After indicated dual dialogue, the cue for the next line is the word scripted as the last spoken. Overlapping dialogue is denoted by slashes.”

John: Incredibly prescriptive here. Greta Gerwig was on the podcast a couple of years ago, and she was talking about Little Women. She does the same thing with slashes when she wants lines to stack up the right ways, but you’re making it really clear. If there’s two columns side by side, simultaneously, those are exactly happening at the same time, the other overlapping, which in features we’re more likely to just say as a parenthetical overlapping to indicate where things are. You’re saying, no, this is the word where things are supposed to start overlapping, which works really well in your play, but also feels like you got to rehearse to that place. It’s not a very natural thing for actors to get to.

Leslye: No, it is absolutely not. It’s a magic trick, for sure. Initially, you’re like, “Oh, this is super messy.” Then it continues and you really get the sense of the musicality of it. That kind of goes back to Godot. It’s essentially the way I staged it was a musical. That’s what Cult Of Love’s overlapping dialogue is.

It is meant to suck you in as a “realistic way that people speak.” There are certain sections, especially large arguments, that do need to happen, boom, boom, boom, right at the right time. It was difficult to explain that to the actors, that you do need to rehearse it in a natural way. You do need to say to each other certain lines, and you have to find the real, genuine objective, or super objective, or however the actor works. The issue is that once you’ve learned it, it has to be done in the way that it is written perfectly.

For example, Zach Quinto, who’s playing the character of Mark, there is this argument that happens. He has, in the clear, a bunch of moms. It’s like, blah, blah, blah, mom. Dah, dah, dah, dah, mom. Dah, dah, dah, dah, dah, dah, dah, mom. That was difficult to explain to him that it should be in the same cadence, each mom, but, of course, for actors, that’s a little unnatural. I’ve had to give that note to actors very often, that this is not real. Your intentions and your pathos has to be real, but the way you speak is not.

John: If you watch any sitcom, you recognize that there’s a reality within the world of that’s sitcom, but it’s not the way actual people would really do things. When you’re stacked up, when you’re clear how you’re doing stuff, how you’re selling the lines, it is specific and it’s different on a stage than it would be on film. You would try to literally just film this play as it is. It would probably feel weird. It wouldn’t feel quite natural to the format.

Leslye: That’s correct. I think that you’d have to move it into the Uncut Gems world if you were going to do this, where the sound design becomes a fill in for dialogue that is happening off screen so that it feels a little unusual and a wall of sound of dialogue, or like Little Women, you’d have to figure out some way of doing it, but in a way that was parsed out and easier to follow, I think.

John: I want to take a look at four pages here at the start of Act Two. We’ll put a link to these in the show notes. Thank you for providing these.

Leslye: Of course, yes.

John: We’re 60 pages into the script, and we’ve now gotten to scene two. Scene one is very long, and we’re getting into a shorter one, which is–

Leslye: The scene one is about 40 minutes and then you start this.

John: We’re now into this new space. Time has passed, but we’re on the same set and everything is progressing here. I think it’s just a good way of looking at what’s happening with our dual dialogue, simultaneous dialogue. Then I think on the second of these pages, we have–

Leslye: [chuckles] This is such a funny session.

John: For folks who are listening while they’re driving their car, talk us through what’s happening in the start of this scene here.

Leslye: Johnny, who is the third out of four of the children, has arrived very, very late.

John: Yes, it was Waiting for Godot for a while, but he actually does show up.

Leslye: Yes, Waiting for Godot. Exactly. Everyone’s waiting for this guy. He shows up in a very eventful way by playing this huge song, this countdown song with everybody and joins everybody together after this fractured first scene. He’s standing and holding court at the top of scene two. He’s telling a story or attempting to tell a story about when he was younger, that he went to a chess tournament, and that he placed 51st out of a thousand, and how impressive that was and what essentially beautiful memory it was for him.

At the same time, he’s just doing that sibling thing, where he wants to tell a story and no one’s listening and correcting him and jumping in, moving into different spaces. The kids start quoting things to each other. They start doing little inside jokes and he gets sidetracked by all of that. I don’t think it’s in these pages, but there is a point as this moves on where he goes, “I’m telling a story about me. Can I tell a story about me?” Evie, his sister goes, “I don’t know. Can you?” [chuckles]

It just reminded me so much of those conversations at Christmas where everyone’s not sitting there talking about big things. They’re sitting there talking about things that are basically stupid and– not stupid, but they’re essentially superficial and it’s the subtext. There’s just the idea that he’s trying to tell this story about how special he is, but everyone is pushing down how special he is.

John: It works so well on the stage, but I’m trying now to imagine, try to do this scene with a camera, try to do this scene on film, and you run into some real issues. You have a lot of characters to try to service. Basically, who’s in the frame? Who’s off the frame? Who are we actually looking at? How is the camera directing our attention versus the person who’s speaking at the moment.

As an audience watching it on a stage, we can see the whole thing at once and we can pick an actor to focus on and see what they’re doing. You get a sense of everything. Cameras, by their nature, are going to limit us down to looking at one thing. Somebody’s going to be on camera and somebody’s going to be off camera for their lines is just a very different thing. I don’t know if you’re ever planning on adapting Cult of Love into a movie.

Leslye: I am, yes.

John: It’ll be terrific, but obviously you’re facing these real challenges and looking at how there’s times where we have eight characters on stage. You have a lot of people in scenes.

Leslye: I think actually in this scene there are 10 people on stage.

John: Crazy. It’s just really different challenges. Our expectation of how long we can be in a scene is much longer on the stage than it is in a movie. These scenes would be– it’s possible you could find a way to play this all in real time, but our expectation as audiences is like, “Oh my God, we’ve got to cut to something else. We’ve got to get out of this space when we’re in these things.” These are all of those things you’re thinking through.

Leslye: Dinner table scenes are a nightmare. They do become so static and you have to jump the line 34 times or something like that. However, yes, I do think it’s possible. I think that the Bear episode did it rather well. I think that the first episode of the second season of Fleabag also did it really well.

I guess what I would say is that it really would be about your editor. It would really be about having a lot of options for him or her to whittle it down into something that was as exciting. I agree, I think this would either have to be massively choreographed, like one take things that everybody is doing now, like The Studio and Adolescence. You’d either have to do that.

John: We talked about that on the podcast recently, just that how thrilling they can be, but also how baked in all your choices are and how– it’s the opposite of what you’re describing with theater, having a bunch of choices. You’re just basically taking all the choices away. Maybe that’s the closest to the experience of being in a theater, is that theater is all one continuous take. It’s just you’re in one continuous moment the whole time. Maybe that’s the experience you want to get out of this.

Leslye: I would just argue, I don’t know how immersive one take things are. I don’t know. Certainly, there are many people who watch Adolescence, for example, which is an excellent show. There are many people who watch that and probably don’t notice that it’s all in one shot. I don’t know. I’ve said this before, but in theater, the audience is wondering what’s happening now, and in film or television, they’re wondering what’s going to happen next.

John: Oh, wow.

Leslye: Yes. I think your point is that it’s impossible to drop in that immediacy and the ecosystem and all of that stuff. I would agree that adapting Bachelorette meant that it had to have a plot, because Bachelorette is plotless. Again, you’re right, the characters care about things and they’re pushing towards something and they all have arcs and they all have actions that have consequences, but Bachelorette, the film, had to be about fixing her wedding dress, the bride’s wedding dress. That had to be the thing that kicked them out of the room and into New York City. Otherwise, the audience would, I think, pretty quickly tune out in a way.

John: Yes, they rebel. I think audiences in a film or a TV episode come in with an expectation that early on, you’re going to establish what the goal is, like, “What is the contractor signing with me that we will pay this thing off by the end?”

Leslye: That’s correct. Yes.

John: It’s just a different relationship you have with the audience. They really have clear expectations.

Leslye: Yes, absolutely.

John: One of the promises you made with the audience early on in Russian Doll was that you would pay off the answer to what was actually happening with these time loops because Russian Doll, the concept is she keeps repeating the same moments, and no matter what happens, disaster befalls her at the end. I was doing a little research and I found your explanation of the time loops at the end. I was wondering if you could synopsize down what it was you were trying to make sure the audience got out of the metaphor you’re using with the orange about what the time loops were and what was really going on.

Leslye: Wait, what did I say? [chuckles] What did you see? Who knows?

John: Near the end of Russian Doll, Natasha Lyonne’s character picks a rotten orange at the market and explains these time loops are evidence that there actually is a solution to this, because it’s rotten on the outside, but the reality is still on the inside. Do you remember that as–

Leslye: Yes. No, no, no. I remember, I just wasn’t sure what I said about it six years [laughs] It’s like, I’m sure I said something very smart then. Well, in Russian Doll, I just think it’s really helpful if anyone is looking to dissect that first season. I would just say the way we started was with the character. We did not start with, “Here’s how we’re going to circle the drain.” It had to be somebody who was struggling with her own mortality, but in a way where she’s not talking about it, if that makes sense.

I just wanted to write a show about a woman that was going through an existential problem rather than a tactile problem, like, “Who do I marry? What job do I take? Oh, I’m being chased by this guy. I’ve got to solve the case.” It just felt like what female protagonists are truly just based in, “I’m having an existential crisis about my own mortality and whether or not the choices that I have made up until this moment are adding up to anything worthwhile.”

I think what then happened, if I’m remembering correctly, it was how do you externalize that? That really for me came from the Seven Deadly Plays. How do you externalize and physicalize envy? That’s a thing that happens in your mind. How do you put it into an active space? The circling of the drain for Nadia, which, if you haven’t watched the show, it is Groundhog Day. In addition to being Groundhog Day, each loop gives you an evidence of things, like you said, disappearing.

It’s not just, I’m going through the same day, it’s, I’m dying continually, and each time I die, something is taken away from me, some aspect of it. We did plan out, if I’m remembering correctly, it was animals go at this time, fruits, vegetables, and flowers go at this time. Other people start disappearing here. It was the shell, really, of the real– It was like a medicine that you’re trying to get somebody to take. If you put it in a gel cap, it’s easier to take down. I think that the premise of that was essentially a gel cap for–

John: What you’re describing in terms of needing to physicalize the problem, the crisis is a thing we’re always wrestling with as screenwriters, stage writers, is that there’s this feeling you have about the world or how reality is functioning, and you need to find some concrete way to put a handle on it so you can actually move it around and talk about it in front of things.

In the case of the Russian Doll scene, she’s picking up an orange, and she’s describing what this actually really means.
Without that, then you’re just having a conversation about an abstract, philosophical thing, and there’s no doorknob to open the door. It’s just like you’re pushing against it and there’s no way to get it to open up, and there’s no way to have a conversation or to see anything change about the issue you’re grappling with.

Leslye: Listen, I don’t mean to devalue that container within the story, but the way we talked about it in the writer’s room, of course, there was the temptation, to be like, “Oh, the reason this is happening is X. The reason that this happens is, I don’t know. There’s some sort of–”

John: She ran over a magical cat or something.

Leslye: Yes. There’s some sort of thing. I think Severance and Lost are a really good example of this. Puzzle box shows, they ask the question, what’s really going on? Who is pulling the strings and et cetera, et cetera. I just didn’t find that super interesting. I thought that the time travel movies that I found really interesting were, of course, Groundhog Day, which is totally based on morality. It’s absolutely the universe just teaching him a lesson. And Back to the Future, which, of course it has Doc and the time machine and got to get back and all of that, but truthfully, the reason he’s there is to get his parents together and to learn the lessons that he learns. It really isn’t like, “Why is he disappearing? Let’s go find out.” We get it, he’s disappearing because he’s being erased from existence because his parents aren’t going to get together.

We don’t need to know why this happened then, and this thing, it’s like very quickly in Back to the Future II, the alternate 1985, they just explain it really quickly. I am obsessed with Back to the Future. It’s a perfect movie as far as I’m concerned. I think Robert Zemeckis was just, just cooking so hard in that movie. He explains time travel in 90 seconds. In this day and age, that would be three scenes of explaining time travel. It’s all one shot. It’s just Doc coming into this thing, or actually it’s overs for that, but there are other times where he– oh my God, sorry, I’m going to go on a tangent about Zemeckis and how he blocks actors and then how his camera moves work, but I’m not going to do that.

I just think that those types of time travel are just more interesting to me. I felt that the orange moment that you’re talking about really just, again, metaphorically meant that even as you don’t change, the world keeps going. You can either let go or be dragged, kind of thing. She was just going to keep dying until she acknowledged the more, again, moral psychological issues, which is the little girl at the end of episode seven represents an inner child and a love that needs to be given to herself that never was by the world around her.

As the world closes in and threatens her in this very intense way of– threatens her mortality, at the same time, she is confronted with the fact that the rest of the world or that timeline will continue to go without her. Did that answer your question?

John: It did, and beyond it.

Leslye: Oh, okay. Good.

John: I wanted to get back to something you said about the writer’s room, that it’s not that you weren’t curious about what was going on, but you didn’t want to establish that as being the central question because if it’s a show about what’s actually really happening, then that’s what the audience is going to be expecting an answer for. They may not be paying it as close attention to the things you actually want them to focus on, which is her growth and what she’s actually looking for, and what she’s actually needing to achieve. I think by not foregrounding that question, you also let the audience follow you to places where you actually really want to take them. That’s a good insight.

Leslye: I think a really good way of describing it and coming down into the central question of the first season was we don’t want the audience to be asking what’s going on. We want the audience asking, “How is she going to get out?”

John: Exactly.

Leslye: That’s the interesting question. I think that as much as I enjoy watching Lost and Severance, which I do by the way, the going into this space of there’s really a cult that’s pulling the strings or running this thing, and there’s really a– Alice and Janie had two kids. It just feels like answering the question or attempting to answer the question of what’s really going on was just not the intention of that story of Nadia.

John: We have two questions from listeners to answer, which I think you’re uniquely well-suited to answer. Drew, can you help us out with Liz’s question?

Drew: Sure. Liz writes, I’m a professional classical musician working on a pilot set in the classical music world.

Leslye: Ooh, fancy.

Drew: [laughs] I have several action sequences that I’ve choreographed specifically to a given piece of music. For instance, this punch has to land right on beat 3 of measure 14. Should I be including these details in the script itself, or would they be notes for a director and/or editor later down the line?

John: I think you’re a perfect person for this because not only do you care about Zachary Quinto saying mom the same way at the right cadence, but we haven’t really talked about Cult of Love is not a musical, but it’s the most music I’ve ever heard in a play. It is a very musical family that plays instruments and sings live the whole time. What’s your instinct for Liz here with her music cues?

Leslye: I think you have to put them in the script. You just have to. The director and the editor will make their own decisions. Not in a bad way, but once the script is turned over to the process of production, mentioning the song in the action line versus this is where it lands in the first movement or whatever, I think that you have to do it. Now, the caveat of that is do your best to streamline it.

If the action is happening on a particular sequence, like you’re referencing– I don’t know if you’re referencing a track, you can say, “It’s Beethoven’s whatever by such and such and this album,” and then your action lines should be really sick because I do think people will be intimidated by that. That’s the caveat is that I do think that executives or producers may read that and go, “Oh gosh, this is so prescriptive,” but there will be somebody that reads it and thinks, “God, I believe in this vision. This is cool.” I think you’d rather that than somebody taking it over.

John: I agree. I haven’t read Todd Field’s script for Tár, but I have to believe that he’s specifically mentioning exactly what piece that she’s conducted because it’s essential to that story.

Leslye: Oh, absolutely. I haven’t read it either, but he must have done that. I wonder if the Bernstein movie too did that.

John: I suspect it did. I think Liz could also try, and this is the thing I ended up doing for the Big Fish musical script, because we had to send it around to some people who wouldn’t know the actual tracks that were previously recorded is you can now in Highland and other apps probably too, include links that actually link out, so the PDF will link to something like a track you have on Dropbox or someplace else, or Spotify.

I wouldn’t do that for everything, but for something where you absolutely need people to hear the real music that goes with it, it’s an option there. Specifically, from a piece of classical music, you can put the full name of the thing in there, the odds that someone’s going to find that are very, very low. If you need to hear a specific thing, I’d put a link in there.

Leslye: Oh, a link is a great idea. A link would be really good to listen while that’s happening. The only other thing I would say is maybe think outside the box about how to write it. Meaning if you write music and can read music, the reader will not, but if you wrote it like a musical where instead of dialogue, the action lines are underneath each thing, at least, one, it would look pretty, and two, I think people might be really intrigued by that. It might also be a terrible suggestion, but I think if this is really important to you, try to think outside the box in terms of how to present it.

John: Absolutely. Just the way stage musicals, they have both the script and they have the score that has the stage directions and dialogue in it too. Providing a supplemental piece of material there, it could just be surprising for people in ways that’s interesting. A question here from Richard.

Drew: “What’s the longest draft you’d send to a friend for notes? Is there a sliding scale of pain or rather page count that you’d be willing to inflict on a best friend? What about a friend or a writer’s group? Of course, I know never to send a professional contact like a rapper producer, a bloated 140-page draft.”

John: Leslie, what’s your end stage? Do you send long stuff to people to read? When do you like to show people stuff and and how early in the process will you show it?

Leslye: You’re right, love. It’s like 90 to 100. I do think that for a first draft, anywhere between 100 and 150 is okay because you can say in a caveat, it’s too long, but there’s a lot of stuff in there that I think I’m curious about what you think I should cut. I know it’s too long, but I don’t know where to make these changes. 120, if you consider one page as a minute, that’s two hours. That’s a decent script. I write pretty short scripts, and I keep an eye on the page count for sure, but then you asked something else, John, was it about the first drafts?

John: Yes, how early in the process do you like to share what you’re writing with people, and who are the trusted people you love to read early stuff?

Leslye: I would say very close to the first draft, I will do a reading with actors, pretty close. I would make sure stuff that was really wonky, I’d be like, “Mm.” What’s fun about that is that because all of my friends are actors, I don’t want to have anything embarrassing there. Anything that I feel like that would be stupid, I’ll take that out, and it forces me to be a little bit better at my job. I try to get a reading as soon as humanly possible.

They also have good feedback. I have to say, the actors will have really good feedback. If they’re trusted people, they won’t be like, “I just don’t get it.” They’ll say, “I really loved this part. I didn’t really understand this scene. Is it supposed to be this or that?” Getting the direction from them. Then, yes, once I do that, of course, I will send it to either a trusted friend or I have a manager that I really love, Michael Sugar. I will send him stuff as soon as I can.

John: A question for you. Is it ever awkward that you’re having friends who are actors read through stuff, but they may not be the people you actually want to be in the project itself? Does that ever become an issue?

Leslye: No, that’s a good question.

John: Tell me about that.

Leslye: That’s a good question. When I was working with IAMA and we did readings, because it was an actor-based company, it was unspoken or explicit that the people reading those lines would be the actors that would eventually do the show, for sure. When I do more casual readings, especially if screenplays, just to be super blunt, we will try to get the most famous person that we can, [laughs] who’s right for the part, but the financing will be based on the profile of the number one and number two on the call sheet.

I think a lot of actors that I know who are brilliant theater actors understand that that’s how the world works. It becomes more difficult when actors have done the production of the play, and then the play gets moved to a different medium. That’s different.

John: All right, it’s time for our one cool things. My one cool thing this week is Arthur Aron’s 36 Questions. I think I’ve heard about these before, but I saw an article in the New York Times about it, and then I went through and actually found the original study. Aron was a psychotherapist, I think, who was really focused on how people connect and what are the ways to get people to draw closer connections, and so would put together strangers and have them talk through this list of 36 questions that escalate as they go along.

You do reveal a lot about yourself in the course of them. Some of the sample questions are, number seven, do you have a secret hunch about how you will die? Number eight, name three things you and your partner appear to have in common. The partner being the person you’re talking with. Number 30 is, when did you last cry in front of another person or by yourself? Number 33, if you were to die this evening with no opportunity to communicate with anyone, what would you most regret not having told someone, and why haven’t you told them yet?

There’s 36 of these, and actually in the study that we’ll link to, there’s also a whole bunch more questions there. They’re good icebreakers for human beings, but they’re also really great questions for characters to be chewing over. I think if you have characters who you’re trying to get inside this character and you are just doing some free writing, having your characters answer some of these questions would be a great way to get some insight into what’s happening inside their head, these people who don’t fully exist in your brains yet. Arthur Aron’s 36 Questions.

Leslye: My God. Should we answer them right now?

John: You did Russian Doll, so do you have a secret hunch about how you will die, Leslye Headland?

Leslye: I’ve always thought cancer. It’s how most of us go. My dad had Alzheimer’s. He died, and he was very young, he was 64, so it’s something that I would never want to have happen to me. I hope not that. The last time I cried in front of somebody was last night. [laughs] That’s an easy answer.

John: The last time I cried in front of somebody was, it wasn’t full-on crying, but it was misty, a couple of weeks ago on Survivor. There was a heartbreaking moment, and so that made me misty. Drew’s smiling. He knows what it was, I think. Exactly what it was.

Leslye: Oh my God.

John: A young woman with autism who had a meltdown, and then a guy on another tribe knew what was going on and got permission to intervene and talk her down. Then she told everybody what her situation was, and it was really well done. It was very heartwarming.

Leslye: Oh, my God.

John: Leslye, do you have something to share for us as a one cool thing?

Leslye: In classic fashion, I’d love to do two things. [chuckles]

John: That’s absolutely fine and good.

Leslye: Just breaking the rules already. I just read Making Movies by Sidney Lumet. I just had never read it.

John: I’ve never read it.

Leslye: Oh, it’s wonderful. It’s short, you can finish it in a day probably, or a couple of days if you’re busy. It’s a real handbook. It really tells you, “This is the script stage, this is pre-production. Here are all my experiences with The Verdict and Orient Express. Here’s how I behave on set, this is how I do takes. This is who this person is, and this is who this person is.” I wish I’d read it before I made my first movie. I think that it’s a real– it’s not, I guess, instructions, but handbook, I think, is better.

Then, again, I’m just now reading Alexander Mackendrick’s On Film-making, which is much more of a textbook. It’s harder to get through, but it’s really, really cool and asks many, many questions about specifically how to create a narrative that is in the medium of film. Like I was saying, plays, you’re wondering what’s happening now, films, you’re wondering what’s happening next. He defines drama as anticipation mixed with uncertainty. He’s always pushing. He has a great way to do outlines in there, but it is more like reading a textbook. You have to get through a chapter and then put it down.

John: My very first film class ever was at Stanford. We had filmmaking textbooks, and I just remember being so technical in a very sort of like, “Here’s how the film moves through the gate, and also, here’s how we tell a story at the same time.” There’s a very specific era of those things, which is you were learning a whole new craft, and it was all new. I think we’re now in a place where we treat those as separate disciplines, and we don’t really think about the technical requirements of movie making at the same time we’re thinking of the storytelling goals of filmmaking.

Leslye: I agree.

John: That is our show for this week. Scriptnotes is produced by Drew Marquardt, edited by Matthew Chilelli. Our outro this week is by Alicia Jo Rabins. If you have an outro, you can send us a link to ask@johnaugust.com. That is also the place where you can send questions like the ones we answered today. You’ll find transcripts at johnaugust.com along with a sign-up for our weekly newsletter called Interesting, which has lots of links to things about writing. We have t-shirts and hoodies. You’ll find those at Cotton Bureau. You can find show notes with the links to all the things we talked about today in the email that you get each week as a premium subscriber.

Thank you to our premium subscribers. You make it possible for us to do this each and every week. You can sign up to become one at scriptnotes.net, where you get all those back episodes and bonus segments, like the one we’re about to record on keeping up on plays versus keeping up on movies. Leslye Headland, such a delight talking with you. This was absolutely a pleasure. Thank you so much for coming on Scriptnotes.

Leslye: I’m so happy to be here. Thank you for asking me, John. I’m really honored, which is a goofy old word, but it really was lovely to be here, and I feel like I’m in really awesome company. Thank you.

John: Thank you. Come back anytime.

[Bonus Segment]

John: All right, for our bonus segment, I would love to talk about how you keep up with what’s going on for plays the way we do on movies. For movies, like when I was going through Stark program at USC, the expectation was that you would see basically all the new releases that came out each week. We would have the variety top 60 movies, and every week, I could just check through and see, “Okay, I’ve seen 40 out of 60 of those movies.” I would just see stuff every weekend to keep up on stuff.

As a screenwriter, you can do that. You can always go back and watch things on video for stuff that you missed. For plays, it’s harder because plays, if it’s not being staged someplace, you can’t see a play. If someone wants to be a playwright and they want to see what’s going on, it feels like it’s more challenging. Leslye, can you talk us through your ability to see plays coming up and how you’re balancing that now?

Leslye: That’s a great question. First of all, the community that I’m in it’s medium-sized. It’s very close-knit. What happens is, everybody goes to see plays. Everybody sees different plays. You get together and you do a kiki. You go, “Glengarry is absolute a mess. You don’t need to go, you don’t need to see it. Then, Deep Blue Sound, you got to go. Oh my gosh, it was incredible.” You get a sense of where you’re supposed to point your boat, I guess. If you’re looking for an old play that you can’t– definitely reading it, it’s tougher, but meaning, if you’re used to reading screenplays, you have to move your head into a different space to read them. They are super enjoyable.

John: Reading old plays, I obviously read a lot of screenplays, but the screenplay form is designed to evoke the experience of watching a movie, and it’s like all the action scene description is there to give you that space. In plays, reading plays, I have a hard time just staying in the moment, and sometimes, if they’re great, then I can click in, but I do find it hard to get the experience of what it would feel like to watch that play by reading the text.

Leslye: This is really annoying, but Shakespeare is a really good read. He didn’t have a big production because they were just doing shit at the Globe, whatever, all the time. His dialogue– actually, he does it through dialogue. He’s like, as this person is entering, and then there’s the exposition, and then there’s also what somebody should be doing, they’re saying something like, bad version is, “Lord, I pray to you,” or something, and it’s like, “Get on your knees, you’re praying.” It’s just your brain, or not, but your brain starts to go, “Well, this person’s saying something, and therefore, I can imagine it.” Where, like you said, the stage directions and then just dialogue, is tough. It’s tough to read.

John: Yes, it is tough. You and your friends get together, you kiki, you talk about the things that you’ve seen. There’s also a very limited window to see those things, because they’re going to be up for a couple weeks, and then they’re gone, and I was lucky to see your play while it was still there. Now, I want to send people to see it, but they can’t-

Leslye: They can’t.

John: -because it’s not there to see anymore. There’s also the pressure to see the shows of friends, people are in things, so you’re going to see those things, even if they’re not your taste to see.

Leslye: Oh, yes, absolutely, yes.

John: Talk to us about previews versus the final thing. If you go to something in previews, do you hold back some judgment because you know that it’s an early draft? How do you feel about previews?

Leslye: In previews, you’re pretty much there with the script, or at least for me. I’m pretty much there with the script. I don’t feel like once we’re in previews, there’s certainly– some people totally rewrite the ending of the play. That’s definitely something that does happen in previews, but my experience has always been, “Oh, this is– oh, I got to tweak this, I still don’t understand it.”

With Cult, it was like, “Oh, these overlaps aren’t working. Let me uncouple them, let me do this,” but I consider previews to be rehearsal with an audience. I know the actors don’t feel that way, I know that once the show– and then you freeze the show. You have a couple performances, and then you freeze it, and that’s when press comes. I don’t know, I see that time period that way, and I don’t think the actors do. I think they go like, “Oh my God, I’m up here, and I’ve got to give this performance,” but that’s not my experience. That’s not how I think about it. [chuckles]

John: The other thing that’s different about plays versus movies is that the movie is the same movie every night, and the play is a different experience.

Leslye: Oh, it’s wonderful.

John: Small things change, which is great, and which I loved with the Big Fish musical. You’d see, oh, this is how it’s working this time, or that joke killed last night, and why did it not work tonight? It’s just something about the atmosphere, it makes it so different. It also means that my experience of going to the show on Thursday might not be the same show that somebody saw on Friday, and you can’t know why. That’s also one of the challenging things. It’s just, you literally have to be there.

Leslye: Absolutely. One of the things I had to say to most of the cast of Cult of Love was ignore the laughs, the best you can. Not ignore them, but don’t rely on them as a temperature taker, because in my work, people laugh at bizarre things. I don’t set up jokes the way that Seinfeld does. Obviously, it’s not a sitcom, but my characters just say things, and then an audience can just take it in and decide whether it’s funny or not.

It’s very important that they understand that. In previews and then in performances, people– when you saw the show, I can guarantee you that wherever people laughed was not the same where they laughed in a different performance. Some are hard jokes, definitely for sure, like when Evie yells at the preacher, everyone’s like, “Ha, ha, ha. She’s screaming at him,” but there was a night Mark and Johnny, these brothers are talking, and Mark says, “Basically, I don’t want to live anymore.” Johnny says, “Well, you’re not going to kill yourself.” Mark says, “How do you know?” Johnny says, “Because I tried.” I’m not kidding, one night, that got a laugh.

John: Yikes.

Leslye: In my work, I don’t see that as a bad thing. When Evie says, “Death is expensive,” which, by the way, I stole from Streetcar, and he was there, but people started laughing. They were just like– that is a very serious moment when she’s talking to them, and they start laughing. I just don’t– there are a couple times where I feel like that’s bad, and things have to adjust in order because it is very much supposed to be a serious moment.

I went on a little bit, but that was the barometer in terms of when you’re saying previews are different. Each night, there were laughs where it was like, “Oh, my God, you guys are sick people,” in the audience. Why would you laugh at that?

I also love when people walk out. Oh.

John: Tell me.

Leslye: I love when people walk out. Whoever I’m sitting with, when people leave, I turn to them, and I’m like, “They got to go, they got to get out of here. They can’t take it. They can’t take the realness.” I am obsessed because if somebody stands up and leaves in the middle of a scene, they are making a statement, and I think that’s gorgeous. If somebody walks out of a movie, it’s like, “Everybody walks out of a movie,” and also you’re not seeing it.

I also love when things go wrong. Oh, I love when somebody drops– and I think the audience loves it, too. When somebody drops a prop, because it just reminds you this is happening in real life. These people are not these characters. They’re people who have voluntarily gotten up here to do this.

John: This last year, we went and saw the ABBA show in London, which is phenomenal.

Leslye: Phenomenal.

John: It creates the illusion that you’re watching real people, but, of course, it is all on rails. Yes, there’s a live band off to the side, but they’re not going to drop a prop. They’re not going to knock over a microphone stand.

Leslye: Yes, that’s true, yes.

John: I don’t want theater to just be a bunch of perfectly moving robots. It’s the sense that a real thing is happening in front of you that makes it so thrilling.

Leslye: Oh, I love it. I have to say, in wrapping this up, I really love theater, probably, and I’ve worked in those three mediums, and I hope to start moving into YouTube. I’m kidding.

Although that’s where we’re headed. We’re headed to an OnlyFans distribution. I always say that on mic. If you want to know what distribution is going to look like in 10 years, just see what porn is doing right now.

John: Absolutely. Leslye, you’ll be a hell of a content creator, or whatever.

Leslye: Yes.

John: Leslye, an absolute pleasure talking with you.

Leslye: Thank you guys so much. Thanks for having me. Thanks.

John: Awesome.

Links:

  • Leslye Headland
  • Cult of Love – selected pages
  • Bachelorette the play and the movie
  • Fanny and Alexander
  • John by Annie Baker
  • Original Cast Album: Company
  • Stephen Sondheim
  • Waiting for Godot
  • John Cassavetes
  • Tár screenplay by Todd Field
  • Arthur Aron’s 36 Questions
  • Eva discloses her autism on Survivor
  • Making Movies by Sidney Lumet
  • On Filmmaking by Alexander McKendick
  • Get a Scriptnotes T-shirt!
  • Check out the Inneresting Newsletter
  • Gift a Scriptnotes Subscription or treat yourself to a premium subscription!
  • Craig Mazin on Instagram
  • John August on Bluesky, Threads, and Instagram
  • Outro by Alicia Jo Rabins (send us yours!)
  • Scriptnotes is produced by Drew Marquardt and edited by Matthew Chilelli.

Email us at ask@johnaugust.com

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Projects

  • Aladdin (1)
  • Arlo Finch (27)
  • Big Fish (88)
  • Birdigo (2)
  • Charlie (39)
  • Charlie's Angels (16)
  • Chosen (2)
  • Corpse Bride (9)
  • Dead Projects (18)
  • Frankenweenie (10)
  • Go (29)
  • Karateka (4)
  • Monsterpocalypse (3)
  • One Hit Kill (6)
  • Ops (6)
  • Preacher (2)
  • Prince of Persia (13)
  • Shazam (6)
  • Snake People (6)
  • Tarzan (5)
  • The Nines (118)
  • The Remnants (12)
  • The Variant (22)

Apps

  • Bronson (14)
  • FDX Reader (11)
  • Fountain (32)
  • Highland (75)
  • Less IMDb (4)
  • Weekend Read (64)

Recommended Reading

  • First Person (87)
  • Geek Alert (151)
  • WGA (162)
  • Workspace (19)

Screenwriting Q&A

  • Adaptation (65)
  • Directors (90)
  • Education (49)
  • Film Industry (489)
  • Formatting (128)
  • Genres (89)
  • Glossary (6)
  • Pitches (29)
  • Producers (59)
  • Psych 101 (118)
  • Rights and Copyright (96)
  • So-Called Experts (47)
  • Story and Plot (170)
  • Television (165)
  • Treatments (21)
  • Words on the page (237)
  • Writing Process (177)

More screenwriting Q&A at screenwriting.io

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