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Scriptnotes Transcript

Scriptnotes, Episode 491: The Deal with Deals, Transcript

March 12, 2021 Scriptnotes Transcript

The original post for this episode can now be found [here](https://johnaugust.com/2021/the-deal-with-deals).

**John August:** Hello and welcome. My name is John August.

**Craig Mazin:** My name is Craig Mazin.

**John:** And this is Episode 491 of Scriptnotes, a podcast about screenwriting and things that are interesting to screenwriters. Today on the show it’s all business, or mostly business. We’re going to be talking about writer deals, including new data from the WGA on median pay for feature writers. We’ll also look at overall deals, indie features, writer publicity. Plus I will speculate wildly on how I think Disney will make its next trillion dollars.

**Craig:** Oh, that’s exciting. I own some Disney stock. Not a lot. I think I own 100 shares. But that makes me feel like I am a Disney.

**John:** After you hear my pitch you will want to buy more Disney stock.

**Craig:** Oh my.

**John:** And in our bonus segment for premium members we will wade into the discourse on writers tweeting about writing and what is or is not a good line of dialogue. And I predict that we will use the F-word many, many times. So that’s a warning for people listening to the premium episode. The F-word will be dropped a lot.

**Craig:** At least 12 times.

**John:** But first we have follow up. In our last episode you and I struggled to find examples of female villains with redemption arcs and we asked our listeners to help us out. So, Craig, you had two suggestions for characters from previous films, right?

**Craig:** I did. Furiosa from Mad Max and Rose Byrne’s character from Bridesmaids.

**John:** Yeah. And so our listeners wrote in because they always write in. Megana got through a whole bunch of emails. Apparently a bunch of people were pointing out that the main T-Rex in the Jurassic Park movie is female. That’s not quite what I had in mind.

**Craig:** Nope.

**John:** I can’t consider that a villain with a redemption arc.

**Craig:** I mean, come on. Redemption arc.

**John:** There were other actual human women.

**Craig:** You and I know, because we play D&D, if you polymorph a character into a T-Rex, which you can do–

**John:** Oh yeah. So powerful. I’ve done it many times.

**Craig:** Many times. One of the things we know about polymorph is that T-Rex is a T-Rex. All it knows, even though it used to be a fully thinking person, all it knows as a T-Rex is who its friends are and who its enemies are, otherwise it acts like a T-Rex. There’s no moral arcs.

**John:** I know.

**Craig:** No.

**John:** Dinosaurs have no moral arcs. That’s a total thematic thing. Our listeners had great suggestions. So Harley Quinn, yes. Great suggestion. And, of course, you know Harley Quinn?

**Craig:** Oh, I know Harley Quinn. Of course.

**John:** OK. So Harley Quinn, of course, it depends on sort of where you’re finding here in her arcing, but the whole point of Harley Quinn is that she does arc and actually has some redeeming qualities. She’s also an anti-hero which is something a little bit different than a reformed villain. But it’s great.

Catwoman. Similar story.

Your point about Rose Byrne’s character, a lot of people pointed out Regina George in Mean Girls. And there’s actually quite a few of those examples of the bitchy girl who was actually better at the end.

**Craig:** Yeah. Well I would draw a little bit of a distinction between better at the end and morally redeemed. Sometimes fate punishes you to the extent that you are humbled, which is I think probably closer to what happens to Regina George.

**John:** Sure.

**Craig:** Similarly some of the characters that we deal with in comic books, like Harley Quinn, there are so many comic books, so many stories, that eventually it all turns into kind of alt-fiction in and of itself, because you have to continually redramatize everything.

**John:** Yeah. I 100% agree. Now, an example that came up on Twitter that I sort of pushed back against was Miranda Priestly in Devil Wears Prada.

**Craig:** Yeah.

**John:** And the very end of Devil Wears Prada like the most you get out of her is that she sees Andie and then sort of has a smile/smirk. But you see her take no actions to sort of reject her previous beliefs and move to a new place. And that’s sort of what we were describing when we talked about Darth Vader or other villains who are redeemed at the end.

**Craig:** Yeah. So Miranda Priestly is the devil in The Devil Wears Prada. And that’s fitting because she does serve the same dramatic role that gods used to serve in the old Greek stories. She is above and beyond humans. And in meddling with their lives or in punishing them or rewarding them she helps humans grow or change.

**John:** Yeah. I do wonder if since some of these counterexamples, we were talking about these sort of giant mythological characters who change, and maybe we’re looking at the wrong frame for those. Some of these examples of the Regina George’s and the Rose Byrne’s characters, or Angela from The Office, maybe our scale and our stakes are a little too high in that we are only looking for villains who are like intent on destroying the world and being true evil versus being socially jerks to our protagonist.

**Craig:** Yeah. All of these examples are perfectly good, but they don’t necessarily undo or contradict the larger point which is I don’t think that there has been a full properly diverse moral breadth of female characters. Breadth with a D. Female characters deserve the right to be just as bad and then good as male characters I guess is how I would put it.

**John:** Absolutely. And when there is an absence that also means there’s an opportunity for those stories to be written and told. So, let’s go do those. Also in last week’s episode on Secrets and Lies one of the things we mentioned was that characters who don’t lie seem unrealistic.

Louise wrote in to say, “I was interested in your take on how lying is a trait found in all people. While I’m sure that’s true for the most part, I’d like to share with you the reason I don’t lie or struggle to lie, and that is autism. I wonder if this is why I don’t see myself represented onscreen. One of the common misconceptions about autism is that we have no imagination. Now, I’m a writer and have a wonderfully vivid imagination and can create worlds, write prose, poems, and scripts. What I think people are seeing when they say autistic people have no imagination is that side of us that struggles to lie.

“When I recall a story about something that happened at work I cannot embellish, omit, or deny any part of that story. What you’ll get is the truth, because I struggle to say something that is not actually accurate.”

**Craig:** Well that’s an interesting point. My son is on the spectrum. I mean, autism now is a spectrum, we know. So, there’s many, many different kinds of spectral, spectrum disorders. Spectral is probably more related to ghosts. And he has no problem lying. [laughs]

**John:** Is your son a ghost?

**Craig:** He is so white that he might be a ghost. So he has the same complexion as my wife. My daughter is more like me. So I’ve often called – I used to call him Casper the Friendly Ghost when he was very little. And so there are people who are on the autistic spectrum who don’t have a problem with fabulizing or lying. Although, white lies, I will point out that a lot of people on the spectrum, across the spectrum, really struggle with the concept of white lies because that is a socially subtle technique. But there’s no question, I mean, I would never doubt Louise’s experience here that there are certain aspects of spectrum disorder where people really don’t have that gear.

It does make for a challenging character for a writer to have that character and not make that character be about the fact that they can’t lie. It’s a little bit like if you introduce a character that’s eight-feet-tall their height isn’t necessarily central to what they’re thinking, their principles, their values, their wants, their desires, their loves, their hates, but it’s hard to not notice that they’re eight-feet-tall. It becomes so much of an outlier that it starts to dominate the presence of that character.

So I think that that is the challenge is figuring out how to show somebody like that without making it sort of the – especially in a movie. In television you have so many episodes. You can perhaps flesh things out. In a movie, this character is going to be there for an hour and a half. It’s hard to not just make it about the fact that they can’t lie.

**John:** Absolutely. So, what I think Louise is helping to point out is that there’s a whole breadth of experience. And so for us to say that everyone lies is a stereotype, but it also is a set of expectations. And so the same way we approach the real world with expectations, we approach fictional worlds with expectations. And one of those expectations is that everyone sort of does the white lie kind of thing. And so if you have characters who aren’t doing that we’re going to notice and people in that world are going to notice, too. So just to be aware of that.

**Craig:** Absolutely. And I think this is going to be more and more of an interesting space to explore.

**John:** Agreed.

**Craig:** And it’s a tricky space. I also feel like the word autism at this point has been stretched across so many different kinds of spectrum disorders that at some point they’re going to have to re-fragment it somehow to kind of help target different tranches of that spectrum.

But, there are really interesting examples of characters that don’t lie in movies. I can think of two. There was the Ricky Gervais movie where he lived in an entire world where people couldn’t lie. And then there were also the aliens in Galaxy Quest. They had no concept of what a lie even was, which I thought was a very brilliant thing. First of all, they were fascinating. So while it was a part of who they were it didn’t dominate to the point where you couldn’t care about them. In fact, you cared very much. You started to care more about them than you did the humans because there was a certain innocence attached to their inability to lie or even perceive something as a lie. So there have been some examples. But I think we’re going to see more and better examples.

And, hey, you know what? Louise, if you’re listening to our show, that sounds like maybe you’re a writer and I think you should get into that.

**John:** Absolutely. Just as we said with female villain redemption, we’re noticing an absence of these characters. And you’re pointing out an absence that you have not seen yourself onscreen. This is an opportunity. So if there’s an opportunity to portray these characters better, more accurately, more fairly, go for it. That’s a call to adventure.

**Craig:** Yeah. And the one thing I would say is that nobody should make the error that people with autism are lacking imagination. Quite the opposite. Quite the opposite. I think their brains are more – they are more fertile engines than people who don’t have autism.

**John:** Yeah. All right. So some actual news from this past week. This past week the WGA published a set of findings based on a study of a thousand feature contracts over the last two years to look at what writers were actually being paid and how their contracts were structured. So, this has been a thing I always kind of wanted to do and I was so happy to see the guild actually doing it, which is to take what resources they have to really look at sort of not just writer pay at the bottom but what writers are actually making in the middle and what the current state of feature writing is in the town, in the business.

So they published this. We’ll put a link in the show notes to it, but I really wanted to talk through and dig through some of these numbers here because there are some things that kind of always felt true, but now we actually have some data to back it up.

**Craig:** Yeah. And before we dig into it we should probably do a very quick primer on the difference between mean, median, and mode. There are three different kinds of averages.

**John:** I would like you to do that. Talk us through it.

**Craig:** So mean average is the average that we’re used to doing in math class. You take a bunch of data points and you add them all up and then divide by the number of data points and that is the mean. And that’s a pretty – it’s generally the most useful. But there are times where it can get really skewed. And this would be one of them.

It’s one of the reasons why I’m glad the guild didn’t use the mean. Because if 80 people earn $100,000 and one person earns $20 billion the mean is not going to be very valuable.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** Then there’s mode which you rarely see. That’s where you take the data point that appears the most often and that’s the mode. And then there’s median. Median is particularly useful in cases like this where there can be large swings. Median basically lines all the data points up from smallest to largest and then counts through and finds the middle one. And the middle one is the one.

So in my example of 80 people earning $100,000 and one earning $25 billion, well the median is going to be one of those people who aren’t $100,000.

**John:** Yeah. A way to think about sort of the division between mean and median is if I throw a cocktail party and Jeff Bezos shows up the mean net worth of the people in that room is a billion dollars.

**Craig:** Insane.

**John:** But the median would be a much more realistic measure for that.

**Craig:** Correct.

**John:** And interestingly I saw an earlier version of this report which both listed the mean and the median. And I argued for getting rid of the mean also for the reason that salaries for WGA have scale. So there’s a floor and that floor is not zero. So, it also throws off the math that everything is raised up from the bottom already.

**Craig:** Yeah. I agree. I don’t think the mean is particularly valuable. This is a wonderful case study in when and why you would want to use median. And we did learn some really interesting things. We were limited, of course, to what was reported, but again the median kind of helped soften the blow of that. There are some maximum reported numbers and I would suggest to people that they don’t dwell on those for a couple of reasons.

One, you’re unlikely to get that amount of money. Two, even more money has been made. So, there are things that are reported – the maximum is sort of like, OK, I guess it’s a nice dream or something, but really the numbers we want to look at are the real medians and there are some fascinating numbers that came out of this, so I’m really glad that we went through this.

And I guess we can start with the broadest of numbers which is what’s the median number for people who were on a one-step deal across all the studios. There’s two versions. There’s one that’s like everybody that employs anyone and then there’s just the studios. Let’s just look at the studios. The study median for a one-step deal for a screenwriter is $293,750. That is definitely more than scale. On the other hand we know, because we’ve talked this through, that that one-step deal is oftentimes abused into three or four steps. That $293,000 can be spread over two or three years. In Los Angeles minus taxes, agent, manager, god forbid you have a partner. So, while it sounds great, the important to thing to note is that’s a middle class number across time and deductions.

**John:** Yeah. And, again, we should define terms because on Twitter people were asking about this, too. Because you and I assume everyone knows what a one-step deal is versus a multi-step deal and they may not. So, if I sign on to write a feature for a studio, I’m going to be the first writer on this project, I might be offered a one-step deal. And what a one-step deal has is that we will pay you X dollars to write a draft of the script. You will turn in this draft of the script and that is all we are committing to paying you at any point.

**Craig:** Correct.

**John:** There might be optional steps down the road, but the only one we’re guaranteeing you is that one first step. And that’s what we call a one-step deal.

Now, when Craig and I started in this business one-step deals were actually rare. Most deals were multi-step deals where they said, OK, John, we’re going to hire you to adapt this book. This will be how much we’re going to pay you for the first draft. And then this is how much we’re going to pay you for a rewrite. And then sometimes even a second rewrite or a polish. There were guaranteed steps and that’s called a multi-step deal.

And if you’ve been listening to this podcast for a long time you would know that Craig and I have long railed against the idea of one-step deals, especially for newer writers, writers earning closer to the minimums, because it becomes an excuse to milk a lot of free work out of them because they basically – they know they can be fired at any point, or basically not brought on for the next step, and so they’re desperate to hold onto a project.

**Craig:** Exactly. And that’s why this studio median of $293,000 is in the context of all writers. That includes all of us. That includes you, me, Aline, somebody just starting out. So let’s talk about the way it works with new members. New members, the median for a one-step deal is $100,000. That’s scale basically.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** Similarly, if you are not a new member but you don’t have a screen credit, and there are writers who can go many years, sometimes a career, without having a screen credit, the median is $140,000. So this is what I mean by middle class. That number, $100,000, minus agent, manager, tax, and again god forbid a partner, spread out across a year or two, that is a middle class number. And that number is not – it doesn’t seem to have moved since when I started.

I mean, my first job I think my partner and I split $110,000.

**John:** Roughly the same amount of money, yeah.

**Craig:** Yeah. And that’s 1995. Right? So, freaking 26 years ago. So that’s not great.

Now, we have been told by agents all along that once you get a credit everything changes and you make more money. It turns out this seems to be true. If you have one or more screen credits your median is $400,000. If you have two or more it’s $450,000. The credit obviously makes a huge difference.

**John:** It does. And so on Twitter when I was sort of threading through this to look at it I said arguably one feature credit is worth $260,000. And so the arguably is doing a lot of work there.

**Craig:** Yes. There’s some causality, correlation, and questions.

**John:** 100%. But, you look at the jump from $140,000 to $400,000 that is a big bump and it’s clear that a produced credit is having a huge impact there. And just the one produced credit is worth a lot more than the second produced credit. The jump is much bigger between the two of those.

Also keep in mind that we’re looking at one contract. And so in that contract you were able to say, OK, this person is now getting paid $400,000 versus what they were getting before. But over the course of a career if you’re booking a movie every year, every two years, that’s a lot of money in a writer’s career now that they have a credit.

**Craig:** Yeah. And there is no question that at least some of this very significant jump is specifically because of the credit. I mean, you can certainly say, look, if you have a screen credit there’s an argument to be made that you’re doing good work. It got made. Therefore you might be more in demand because of your talent alone, and so the number goes up.

But we know from talking to agents over the years who are relaying back what they hear from business affairs, that’s their opponent at the studio negotiating the deal, that there’s just a value. Like they have a formula. And if you have a credit it goes into the formula and you make more. No question.

**John:** Yeah. So we say there’s formula. We don’t mean there’s actually a spreadsheet that they plug it into, but there’s logic they apply to it. There’s things that they’re thinking through. So it’s not like they can literally just plug it in, because the other question I was getting on Twitter in follow ups on this was like, well, is a TV credit worth something versus a feature credit. And the answer is, yes, a TV credit is worth something, but it’s harder to calculate and it’s much more debatable.

You and I have both been in situations where we’ve talked with writers who are like, “It’s crazy, because I have a consulting producer credit on this TV show and they’re still trying to pay me as a feature writer like I’m just fresh off the boat.” And that’s reality. That is a thing we see all the time in studio situations.

**Craig:** Yeah. The television situation is just different, because credits are sort of distributed among the writing staff, if there is a writing staff. So any individual credit is just not viewed as significantly as an individual screen credit is viewed. Because even though many movies have multiple writers, it’s not like sort of at the beginning of a movie season a producer looks at a group of writers and says, “Each one of you is going to get a credit somehow this year. Each one of you is going to get an assignment. You’ll write a script. You’ll get a credit for that regardless of who rewrites it or how much it’s rewritten.”

So, it is definitely a different deal all together. Screenwriting is more entrepreneurial. That comes with rewards but it comes with a whole lot of risk as well.

**John:** Yeah. Now, for as long as we’ve been doing this podcast we’ve been railing against one-step deals and we actually finally have some data to back up how much one-step deals hurt newer writers, writers who have fewer credits. We can actually sort of point to some numbers here.

For newer members, or those without screen credits, a multi-step deal gives you a lot more benefit at the median and also at the max level. And most of this is because of studio projects. And this is important to understand because a piece of pushback we often get when we talk about like, oh, you need to pay writers for multi-step deals is that like, OK, well let’s split the same money between a first step and a rewrite, and so the writer is not coming out ahead. I would argue they are coming out ahead because you’re guaranteeing them another crack at working on this project and trapping them in free work.

But the truth is the writers who get a multi-step deal are getting more money in real dollars. And so for a new member a one-step deal median is $100,000. A multi-step median is $175,000. $75,000 more for a multi-step deal which basically is acknowledging that there’s a rewrite. They’re going to pay you for a rewrite.

**Craig:** Yeah.

**John:** For members with no screen credits the jump is from $140,000 to again $175,000. So, it’s not as big of a jump, but still significant.

**Craig:** Yes. It’s most significant for new members and that’s precisely where we want to see the significance. It’s also not a massive amount of money.

**John:** No.

**Craig:** And the argument that I have personally made to a number of studio bosses, they ultimately are not the ones who decide these things. It ultimately is the business affairs and the labor relations people. But to say, look, we’re going to guarantee new members an extra $75,000, which is cushion change to the studios, to help grow them as writers and to release them from the yolk of producer tyranny, because they’ll get a second bite at the apple. It’s a no-brainer to me.

And when you look at not new members, but people who have been kicking around for a while, the difference is barely anything.

Now, fascinating thing occurs with members with one screen credit. It goes down. I’m confused. How is this?

**John:** I have an explanation for it.

**Craig:** Go for it.

**John:** We talked a little bit about it in the chart above it. But essentially what happens is you and I both know that there are really highly paid writers who take a one-step deal to do something.

**Craig:** Yes.

**John:** And they’re only guaranteed for that one-step. So it’s artificially inflating one-step deals for a certain class of writers.

**Craig:** Got it.

**John:** You and I both have bene in situations where it’s a seven-figure one-step deal. That really skews things.

**Craig:** That makes total sense. And it is true that the more money you get the more likely they are to just give you one-step.

**John:** I can live with that.

**Craig:** Oh, of course.

**John:** Because the people who are being paid that big amount of money I understand why they’re doing that. It’s also a risk that they’re taking there. They don’t want to pay seven figures for a first draft and then be on the hook for another $750,000 for the rewrite. I get that. But it’s the writers closest to scale that really are suffering.

**Craig:** Absolutely. And this is what we – when I talk about entrepreneurial writing this is what I mean. If you get paid a lot of money for one step, your job is to take on the challenge of convincing them to pay you, again, a lot of money for another one. By doing a really, really good job on that first one.

When you’re a new writer it’s their responsibility to pay you fairly so that you can live. And support a family in a very expensive town. And they’re not doing it. And they need to.

And the people ultimately that they’re hurting are not the only suffering parties. They are also suffering. They just don’t realize it. They don’t know what they’ve done to themselves. They have excavated under their own house and as our generation starts to age out or lose interest in feature screenwriting they’re going to be in trouble. Because they have not grown the next generation, or the generation behind it.

**John:** You’ve already lost Craig Mazin. You lost Craig Mazin to television.

**Craig:** I’m gone. Bye-bye.

**John:** He’s gone. He’s out. So let’s talk about this report but also how writers can use this report. Do you think this will be useful for writers and their reps?

**Craig:** Yes. I do. At the very least I think if you are a new member you’re going to be able to say to your agent, “Look, when we ask for a two-step deal I don’t want to ask for it like I’m Oliver requesting an additional scoop of gruel. What we’re asking for is a small amount of money to get that second step, for good reason. It’s not that big of a deal. And it’s customary. I’m not asking for something that’s insane. We’re not saying, OK, give me…”

So I think it’s useful in that regard. And I think it’s useful for members who have earned a credit to say, hey, you know, there’s supposed to be a pretty good leap here. We should get that.

**John:** Absolutely. And I think it’s worth it for members to ask if you’re not at the median, why. If this deal that you’re trying to make isn’t there, well by definition a median should be like half the members are making more than this, half the members are making less of that. So maybe you’re in that bottom half. But ask yourself why. And is it because of the particular project you’re trying to pursue? Is it because of how your reps are pushing you? Is it because of some other factor? You’re not always going to be above the median, and that’s OK, but always worth asking why.

And as more people push to become above the median the median will rise. And I think that is one of the real potential upsides here is that we’ve done this report once, but now we have all the contracts coming into the guild. And the guild can systematically do this every year to see what is really happening on the ground in terms of writer deals. And is there a way we can sort of raise the median and not just be so solely focused on every three years trying to raise the bottom, raise the scale floor up.

**Craig:** That’s a great point. I mean, you don’t want to fall into the lake woebegone trap, like woebegone where all the children are above average. It is important to know that you don’t get to a median if there’s stuff below the median. And so if you are below the median it is not immediately evidence of a crime.

However, the idea is to keep pushing that median up. And I think this will be most interesting to agents who in theory should be either pleased or ashamed of the progress they’ve made on behalf of their individual clients. Everybody is competitive. Everybody wants to do well. If there’s no sense of how you’re doing the competition is not particularly compelling. But if there is, then it is.

And I think there are going to be a lot of phone calls after this sort of sinks to folks who are underneath that median. And I want to say to some writers, listen, you may hear something that’s uncomfortable. I remember years ago, many, many years ago, when my career wasn’t where it is now. I was talking to an executive who is like, “You know, you should really be doing these weeklies.” And I was like, oh, I really should be doing these weeklies.

So I called up my agent and I’m like why am I not doing these weeklies? And he said, “You know, if that guy really believed you should be doing weeklies he would have given you one. Those are rare and you’ve got to earn them. And you’ve got to get to a place.” And he’s like, “I’m not saying that you aren’t good enough to do them. You are. You’re better than a lot of people doing them, but this is not a meritocracy. You’ve got to break through the seal. And once you get in there you do a few of those and you succeed at them they keep coming. And they’re the best.”

And he was right. So you might hear some things that feel a little sting. Like, OK, there’s a reason I’m not at the median yet. That’s OK. Use that as rocket fuel to push yourself to do a little bit better.

But you might also hear some things where you’re like that’s not that compelling. We should be doing better.

**John:** Yup. So we’re going to have a link in the show notes to this report, but also in that same section there’s a report for TV writers on staff and actually a calculator to figure out sort of like how much they should be making per week based on what their deal says. Which is just completely opaque to me, but I hope to have somebody on at some point who can talk us through what that is because I have to confess even after years in the guild I don’t fully understand how TV writer pay is amortized across weeks and seasons. It is just so complicated. And this calculator is there to help us understand that.

**Craig:** It’s obscured by a fog of producing money. Everyone is a producer. Everyone is getting this producing money. No one – the guild isn’t quite sure. It’s all based on minimums. I don’t like that system. As now a television writer I look at how I’m compensated and it just doesn’t seem correct. None of it seems correct.

**John:** But, that’s a great segue to our next question which is from Tony who on Twitter asked, “Have you ever addressed overall deals or first look deals on Scriptnotes? I’d love to hear from your perspective what they mean.” And, Craig, you are under an overall deal or a one-step deal. You have a deal, unlike me. So, tell us about deals and what they are, what they mean, and why writers might want one or not want one?

**Craig:** Sure. Mostly you’ll find them in television, although I did actually have an overall deal in features many, many years ago with Dimension, part of a small company called Miramax, run by two fabulous guys.

**John:** Yeah. I have to say like an overall deal with Dimension feels like the bitcoin of its era. Just like, ugh.

**Craig:** It’s like having an overall deal in hell. Like congrats. You get to burn in this lake of fire exclusively for the following.

So, an overall deal is an agreement where a company is guaranteeing you money per time. Let’s say it’s per year. So you’re going to earn this much per year and for those – and it’s a term. Let’s say it’s three years. For those three years you are going to earn this much money per year. And then you’re going to kind of burn that money off by doing writing. So it’s sort of like we guarantee that you’re going to make this much money. And here’s a menu of things that you can do and the cost of those things. And as you do those things we kind of tally it up. If you go over the amount of guaranteed money, guess what, you get new money. If go under it, that’s OK. You’re never going to get less than that guarantee.

There are two kinds of overall deals. Well, I suppose there’s one version where there’s just non-exclusive in any way at all, but I’ve never heard of such a thing. They always want a price back. And so what they want back is either a first look deal or an exclusive deal. And exclusive deal, I have an exclusive deal at HBO. That means we’re going to give you this money, but hey dude, you can only write TV here. You can’t write TV for Netflix while we’re paying you this money. No chance.

Then there’s a first look deal which is, OK, let’s say I want to write something and I go to HBO and I say what do you think about this? And they’re like, meh, we don’t love it. If I have a first look deal I can go sell to somebody else. If I’m exclusive that thing is done until my time with HBO is over. Those are the two big differences. And those are the pros and cons.

Pro, if you’re exclusive you’re going to make more than if you’re first look. The pro of an overall deal you get a lot of money and it’s guaranteed. The con of an overall deal is you’re locked into a place, perhaps exclusively, and if there’s a change at the top you may feel like, oh god, I’m stuck somewhere I don’t want to be. And there’s an opportunity cost. If Netflix calls me tomorrow and says, “We have your dream. We bought the book that you love and you can make a series here,” I can’t do it. So that’s an opportunity cost.

**John:** Now let’s talk about logistics because in addition to saying like, OK, you’re going to do your projects here and you’ll write stuff for us, generally these deals come with other perks. It could be office space. It could be money for assistants and things like that. So tell us about that side of it all.

**Craig:** Yeah. So there are lots of ways to structure these things. Depending on the kind of writer you are or if you’re a producer and a writer or even a director. But it’s very common for these deals to include either a specific earmarked amount of money that goes to an executive, somebody that works for you that helps develop material. An assistant. Office space. Overhead. Just general costs of things. Paper. Pens. Computers.

Sometimes they will say as you’re making your overall deal, like this is my second deal with HBO. In the first deal there was like here’s an amount of money that we will send to your office. Here’s an amount of money – we will employ somebody to be your assistant. So that’s the overhead part.

In this new deal they’re like here’s a bunch of money. Spend it as you do. And some of it you’ve gotten for whatever overhead, but it’s really up to you to spend it as you see fit. And I just want to say sometimes that can be a trap. Because writers get so excited at the thought of having an office and an assistant and somebody to work for them because it makes us feel like we’re adults and we’re big boys and girls. And we get a bungalow on a lot. And we have a coffee machine. And a receptionist.

And what you start to realize is all that money, it was all from a bucket. They could have just given it all to you. You could have taken it home. And you can get stuck at a place where you don’t want to be all because you got lured in by a bungalow and a coffee machine.

**John:** 100%. So, I’ve had an assistant and an office for 20 years and I’ve never had an overall deal. It’s a thing, I just pay for it. And I run it through my production company and I just pay for it. I have a loan out. And that is another valid approach to doing this.

You talked about sort of the pros and cons. The opportunity cost of not being able to pursue projects outside of that deal can be a real issue. And that’s ultimately sort of why I’ve never been interested in pursuing one of these overall deals because I want to be able to hop from thing, to thing, to thing. And I don’t want to only be working for one person or one place.

But another thing that I think is crucial to understand is that you’re talking about this from the context of a writer, and writer-driven production deals are relatively common right now, but it’s really writer-producers. And so when you talk about you, or Shonda, or Benioff and Weiss, like they are writers, yes, but they are also – they’re helping feed a pipeline. And they are producing shows for a company and that is really the value. Not just that they’re so good with words. It’s that they can consistently and reliably create things that the network wants.

**Craig:** Yes. There are certain writer-producers who make deals to provide a lot of stuff. So, they’re not simply saying, OK, like for instance J.J. Abrams. They’re not making a deal with J.J. Abrams so that they can get J.J.’s next script. They’re making a deal with him so that Bad Robot is a pipeline with lots of people and they hire lots of writers making lots of things.

Then there are people that are kind of in the middle. I think of somebody like Shonda as having a few shows but she clearly has her hands in them, you know. And then there’s somebody like me, and I’m more a little bit like Dan and Dave where we make a show. That’s the show we’re doing. And we do that show. And they’re not necessarily saying and also can you please oversee 12 other shows. They kind of want the show that we’re doing.

Everybody is kind of different. In all honesty if I were more like a J.J. and I had that kind of business they would probably give me more money, but I don’t think I would be very good at that. That’s not my – I just don’t – my brain doesn’t work that way.

**John:** Yeah. And I think I’ve talked about it on the podcast before. I produced one movie that I didn’t write and I did not enjoy the process. An analogy for it is very much like being here’s the jet. You are allowed to give instructions to the pilot but you cannot actually touch the controls. And that to me is what producing without writing feels like to me. It’s like I know how to do this thing and I’m not allowed to do it. And some people are great with that. They can just run these giant corporations and oversee things. I’m just not the person who should be doing that.

And that’s fine.

**Craig:** It is absolutely fine. I have found in a couple of circumstances that I really enjoyed non-writing producing when it was a writer that I had a real connection with. And so I was able to emulate a good process that I had experienced myself as a writer from another producer. Say, OK, let’s have that process now where I’m doing this job and you’re doing that job.

But, again, it’s pretty bespoke. I don’t really think of myself as a company. Really it’s mostly I’m writing. And I think that’s how HBO thinks of me, too, to be honest. I don’t think they made a deal with me so that I would work on 15 shows at once. They want a show. And they want it to be good.

**John:** The last thing I will say in arguing for production deals and first look deals and overall deals is I think it does increase the stature of writers. And it does increase writers in terms of their supremacy, in terms of creating projects, and really being the shepherds of things. And the way that showrunners over the last two decades have really become powerful entities, my hope and my belief is that we will be similar kinds of trends in feature writers. Feature writers will make deals with places to actually be the driving force behind certain movies and certain franchises in ways that could be good for writers overall.

**Craig:** Without question. The most highly compensated artists in Hollywood are television showrunners, overall. Obviously there are individual directors that will make more than an individual showrunner. But nobody makes money the way that huge showrunners do. When you look at the kind of deals that Dan and Dave made, or Mike Schur, you know, Shonda, or Ryan Murphy, it’s startling. The numbers are eye-popping.

And it’s for a reason. Or Greg Berlanti. Because they are providing an enormous amount of content. And they’re doing it well.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** I have argued a number of times, I had a very long discussion with the head of a studio about why movies should be doing it like television. I cannot for the life of me, having spent so much time in movies, and now in television, you just go wait a second, there’s actually no difference. We should be doing it this way. It’s crazy that we’re not. It’s crazy.

**John:** And I swear I don’t mean this to be a specific subtweet, but when I see an announcement of a project that is announced with a director but they’re now looking for a writer I’m like what are you doing. What are you doing that you’re announcing this director on this project without having figured out who the writer is for it? That does not make sense to me.

**Craig:** Pursuing an arbitrary institutional bias towards cinema, but they’re not making cinema. They’re making movies. And more and more they’re just making movies. And so it’s befuddling to me. And I don’t know why. I don’t know why. But you can see how protective the DGA is of their supremacy in features. I mean, they are absolute bulldogs about it. Bulldogs.

And, you know, tip of the hat. They got that one. And they, you know, they are making inroads in television. They’re being aggressive about it.

So, the other thing to just be aware of with this stuff, it needs to be mentioned, is when we talk about these big showrunners we are talking about writer-producers. We’re also talking about managers. And so there has always been an interesting question of how valuable this is to the collective workforce of writers. On the one hand it is very helpful for the Writers Guild to have individual writers with enormous clout and influence over studios. Or with studios I should say.

On the other hand, those writers/producers are employing a lot of writers. This is a strange, unholy wedding between management and employment of a kind. And there are times I think where it cuts in our favor, and I think there are times where it cuts against us.

**John:** Oh, yes. As a person who has been involved in a lot of those conversations. Yes.

**Craig:** Yes. And if somebody said, “Oh press this button and remove all showrunners from the bargaining unit,” I’m not sure I would press the button, but I would think about maybe pressing the button. Because it’s a really interesting question about whether writers would be better off if I pressed the button or not.

But there is no such button.

**John:** There’s no such button. Theoretical button.

**Craig:** Theoretical button.

**John:** On the topic of deals, John wrote in to say, “I was just listening to Episode 343, the one with the indie producer, and you said,” I think I it was me said, “’The situation I find even more frustrating and dispiriting is when you see a movie that’s gotten made that’s not perfect but there’s something promising there and they’ve clearly not thought about distribution at all.’ What sorts of distribution things should I be thinking about? Maybe you could do a little mini-topic on this.”

And so here’s my indie film mini-topic on thinking about distribution and the distribution. And so I made two-ish indie films. Go is technically an indie film, although we sold it off to Sony before we started production. And The Nines which was truly an indie feature. And in both cases we were thinking about sort of where it was ultimately going to end up. I went into The Nines thinking, OK, this is a Sundance-y kind of movie. The plan is that we are going to go to Sundance. We’re going to have a big screening. We’re going to get offers. We will take a domestic offer. We will take a foreign offer. We will do a very classic way of selling this movie.

And it was a movie of a size and a scale where that was a realistic way to go forward. But I had conversations with all those types of people before I put together a budget to start making the movie. That was the distribution plan.

The frustration that I think Keith Calder was hearing when he was on the show was that people see movies that are cool, there’s actually a cool idea there, and somehow they were able to scrape together the money to make this movie, but they hadn’t thought about like, oh, how are we going to get this in front of people’s eyeballs. And you have to do that.

I mean, in some ways you have to be able to think about what is the end of the process before you are starting to shoot this thing because otherwise you may be making the wrong assumptions about stuff. You might be spending money in the wrong ways. You might not be casting an actor who is useful in certain markets. There’s reasons why you have to think about sort of what the overall plan for the movie is before you start shooting it.

**Craig:** This is philosophically at the root of all difficult meetings between writers and directors and producers and studio executives and sales agents and all the rest. And it’s where art and commerce rub. This is it. This is the bone on bone part. And it can be tricky because it is practically true and I think most people, most artists would agree, if I want people to see this but no one is going to see it then I’ve failed. It doesn’t matter how good it is.

On the other hand if getting people to see it becomes the most important thing, and we are going to neuter it or mutilate it in order for that to happen, that’s also not good. I’ve watched that happen 400 times to things I was working on.

So, this is the big discussion that has to happen. But I think it’s fair to say that this is also why we need a diversity of minds when we’re putting these things together. And it is a valuable person, if you find that person who has a business sense and a creative sense at the same time, cling to them because they are valuable and rare.

**John:** Yeah. We talk about writing being entrepreneurial, but making an indie film is the ultimate entrepreneurial experience where you are based on faith and hope you’re making a thing that you believe will be good that will sort of get out in the world and will find a buyer and a market and an audience and all these things will happen.

And you have to have that slightly crazy like I know that this is a leap, I know this is a risk, but I’m going to take this risk. At the same time be mindful of what those risks actually are. And I’ve sat in screening, rough cuts of movies, and I’m there to sort of give notes to the filmmakers. But one of the awkward and most important notes is like how do you think you’re going to sell this. Who do you think is going to buy this and put this out there in the world? And in many cases that was the question they were afraid to ask because the answer was going to be maybe no one. And that’s not good.

**Craig:** Not good. Agreed.

**John:** But, I’m going to segue to where I think there’s a tremendous amount of money to be made.

**Craig:** Segue Man.

**John:** Which is–

**Craig:** Disney!

**John:** Disney!

**Craig:** Disney!

**John:** So, here’s how Disney makes its next trillion dollars. This is a prediction. I’m just going to record this in this podcast so…

**Craig:** This isn’t based on anything.

**John:** …five years from now when it happens.

**Craig:** It’s a prediction.

**John:** I can point back.

**Craig:** It’s a flat-out just guess. OK. I like this. This is great.

**John:** Craig, are you aware of the concept of NFTs?

**Craig:** No.

**John:** NFT is a non-fungible token. And what it really is is a way of taking a digital asset and reflecting who owns that digital asset. And you do it through the block chain, the same kind of thing that powers cryptocurrency. And it’s a way of being able to prove that this person owns this thing.

**Craig:** OK.

**John:** And so it could be a work of art. So Beeple who is an artist who I linked to as a One Cool Thing a while back, he is doing a big auction I think through Christie’s of his artwork over the last 500 years or whatever. And they’re basically selling his artwork for a lot of money. And what you’re buying is the exclusive ownership of one of those pieces of art. And it’s so hard to claim exclusivity in a digital way, but cryptocurrency and the block chain and NFTs are a way to do that.

NBA has a system called Top Shots. The closest equivalent would be a basketball trading card. But they are digital versions of that and there’s a big market for them and robust.

So you look at sort of an artist or you look at the NBA and they are selling basically intellectual property. They are selling artistic works. And no entity on the planet has more ownership of those kind of things than Disney.

**Craig:** Yeah.

**John:** And so you can imagine Disney selling exclusive collectibles for their Disney characters, for Star Wars, for Marvel, for Indiana Jones, for Pixar. And they already to this to some degree with the pins, the Disney pins. But what’s different about the NFTs is that if Disney sells a pin once and that pin goes up a lot in value and the traders want it Disney makes no more money.

**Craig:** Right.

**John:** But with this system Disney gets a cut every time it’s sold.

**Craig:** Oh boy.

**John:** It’s just so much money.

**Craig:** It’s a license to print money I say.

**John:** It is literally a license to print money. And so my prediction is Disney will do something like this. It will be its own system. They’ll brand their own whole way of doing it. Their whole marketplace. It will be sort of cryptocurrency based, but it won’t have to be as tied to NFTs, which have a whole environmental impact which is weird and complicated.

But there will be something like this and it will be huge. That’s my prediction.

**Craig:** I agree with your prediction. That just sounds like a no-brainer. I’m sure they have people working on it right now. Top men. Top men.

**John:** There’s just no ceiling to it. Here’s the debate. How greedy should we be at the start? That’s really the only debate they’re going to have.

**Craig:** You know who else is going to do this is Wizards of the Coast/Hasbro. So my son plays a lot of Magic: The Gathering, which is by the way so much bigger than I think I knew.

**John:** Absolutely.

**Craig:** It’s massive. And it is very much its own economy. And it’s a resale economy. And there are certain cards that are rare and so can be very high priced. And I can absolutely see them doing something like this as well where you own a card and literally no one else can have it. There’s one. And that can be sold and resold. That’s scary.

**John:** Is the Black Lotus the most famous one?

**Craig:** Yeah. So the Black Lotus, I think it was $75,000 on the market or something like that. For a card.

**John:** For a piece of cardboard. But its role within the system is what makes it so valuable. It’s not that the art itself is remarkable. It’s just that it can do a thing that no other card can do.

**Craig:** I mean, in the end all of this stuff that we call valuable is a piece of cardboard, or a piece of wood, or a bunch of wood and metal, or some colored oils on some paper. So ultimately the value is in our perception of it. And, you know, rarity is a thing.

Listen, I wouldn’t buy it. But it’s not for me. Other people would. That’s why it’s that. And this, god, look, the part about this that’s terrifying is that you can see it start to undermine the kind of common marketplace. The simple marketplace where everybody can buy a copy of a thing and it doesn’t cost a lot of money. And hopefully that does not go away. It would be a shame if it did.

**John:** And to be clear I don’t think that they will do it for their actual movies. You’re not buying the exclusive version of Cinderella.

**Craig:** Oh no. Definitely not.

**John:** You are buying a special Cinderella edition, pin. Not even a pin. This moment from Cinderella and it’s encrypted in a way that it’s clear that you own this one little thing. That’s all they have to do.

**Craig:** Well, when you think about when you and I were kids Star Wars came out and then they sold the Star Wars dolls. Dolls? Action figures. They were dolls. Let’s just be honest. They were tiny dolls.

**John:** I loved my little Yoda action figure.

**Craig:** Boys can have dolls.

**John:** He had a little plastic snake. It was great.

**Craig:** Even before, like from the first movie I had my Luke and my Han and my Leia and I would swap the cape off one and stick it on the other.

**John:** Totally.

**Craig:** No clue that they were worth a dime. And then what happens is over time the market starts to discover that there’s a value for some of these things. And then the question is how many of them are out there. And what shape are they in.

Now, if all of this becomes digital that just transforms that marketplace. It is no longer about tangible things. But maybe that’s good. I mean, look, the fact that these toys have now become – which people just buy the toys and keep them in the thing, the blister pack, and put them on their shelf. Or, like you say, put them in landfills. You know, there’s probably a good side to this. But you allude to the fact that all these block chain things require gazillions of computers running at very hot temperatures that require cooling, that uses energy…

**John:** Yeah. There’s problems.

**Craig:** I like your prediction.

**John:** Despite the problems, it will be a huge thing.

**Craig:** Yup.

**John:** It’s time for our One Cool Things. My One Cool Thing is a show that I’ve been watching on HBO Max. It is a British show but I see it on HBO Max. It’s a Sin is the name of the show. It is terrific. And so Russell T. Davies who did Queer as Folk and did Doctor Who and did lots of other great things–

**Craig:** Great writer.

**John:** This show goes back to the ‘80s and looks at a group of five young people growing up in London and parts around London and sort of the start of the AIDS crisis. And it is remarkably well done. You think like, oh god, that’s going to be depressing because of AIDS, and like yes there are sad moments in it. But it’s just so, so well done. And a thing I want to highlight in it, just really terrific craft is here. This isn’t a spoiler for me to say in episode three there’s a character who comes in and we’re like I recognize here but where do I recognize her from. And the show knows that you recognize her but don’t know where you recognize her from.

And then eventually it’s revealed like, oh, that’s right, she was this. And it puts together a puzzle piece in just a terrific way and lets the show break a rule about sort of forward motion in time. That moment is really well done, but indicative of just great writing throughout. So I strongly recommend people to check out It’s a Sin on HBO Max.

**Craig:** Yeah. And Russell Davies really is a champion. There are some writers, look, in our bonus episode we’re going to talk about writers behaving poorly. Let’s talk about writers who behave well through just brilliant writing. And there are certain writers that other writers revere. If you don’t revere Russell Davies you’re doing it wrong, because he’s just fantastic. And he’s fantastic as a writer.

It’s like you see all these things and you can see the writing coming through and it’s not surprising to me. Again, it’s through television where he’s able to drive it. And for it to come through. And so for instance he did A Very English Scandal. And he did Queer as Folk. These are huge – and not just brilliant series, but also series that change things. Change the way television functions. That’s when you know you’re some kind of writer.

He also worked on Doctor Who. You know what? He’s my One Cool Thing. Russell Davies is my One Cool Thing. Why not? He’s fantastic.

**John:** People should check out his other stuff as well.

**Craig:** I’ve never met him, but I would love to. I would love to meet him. That would be fun.

**John:** So I’ve deliberately not read the press stuff on It’s a Sin because I didn’t want to have any spoilers, but one of the things you watch the show and it feels like, oh my god, this was so written for 2020. And I’m sure it was written before 2020, but you look at how this show is people responding to a pandemic and the incomplete information and the misassumptions they’ve made at the start of the pandemic.

**Craig:** Yup.

**John:** Well that feels relevant. And the arrival of a protest movement that sometimes becomes violent in responding to systemic oppression. It’s like, oh, well that also feels relevant to 2020. So, I bring it up not because I think this was designed to be at this moment, but really good writing echoes to the place it comes out in.

So an episode or two ago we talked about the question of why now. Why is this a story to be telling right now? This felt so relevant to the moment we are in right now.

**Craig:** And that’s, and he also did Years and Years. That’s his thing. He just knows how to do that. And it’s beautiful and brilliant. Just a great, great writer.

I mean, everybody knows that I’m in this endless love affair with Jack Thorne.

**John:** Here you’re willing to cheat a little bit?

**Craig:** Yeah, well yes. And I think Jack would let me cheat. Because I mean I know him, but I don’t know Russell Davies. I just admire him from afar. And I just think he’s, yeah, British writers, what can I say. I love them.

**John:** That’s your thing.

**Craig:** That’s my thing.

**John:** And that is our show for this week. Scriptnotes is produced by Megana Rao.

**Craig:** Exactly.

**John:** It is edited by Matthew Chilelli.

**Craig:** Correct.

**John:** Today’s outro is incredible and it’s by Monica Storms. If you have an outro you can send us a link to ask@johnaugust.com. That’s also the place where you can send longer questions. For short questions, I’m on Twitter @johnaugust.

We have t-shirts and they’re great. You can find them at Cotton Bureau. You can find the show notes for this episode and all episodes at johnaugust.com. That’s also where you’ll find the transcripts and the signup sheet for our weekly-ish newsletter called Inneresting where we have links to lots of things about writing.

You can sign up to become a premium member and listen to bonus segments like the really filthy one we just recorded at Scriptnotes.net where you get all the back episodes and these bonus segments.

**Craig:** And F-bombs.

**John:** Yes. Craig, thank you for a fun show.

**Craig:** Thank you, John.

[Bonus segment]

**Craig:** Come on, that’s so good.

**John:** So good. Craig, that got me kind of relaxed and mellow. But now I need to amp myself up because I’m actually a little bit furious.

**Craig:** Oh, yeah, well bonus segment coming your way.

**John:** As we talked about perception and things having value or not having value, I did want to talk about this last week there was a thing that happened on Twitter which was so annoying. So, this is not a spoiler, I swear. On this last week’s episode of WandaVision it was centered on grief and it featured a scene in which the characters of Wanda and Vision discuss Wanda’s grief over the death of her brother. And that’s an event we saw in Age of Ultron.

And so there was this actor-writer named Madison Hatfield who tweeted out a screenshot of one moment in this scene. And the caption includes Vision’s line there. The line is, “But what is grief if not love persevering?” And so on top of this screenshot Hatfield writes, “Do you hear this sound? It’s every screenwriter in the world whispering a reverent fuck under their breath. #WandaVision.”

And this became a meme. It became an object of discourse. And it was just so frustrating that people I followed on Twitter I wanted to shake and slap a little bit.

**Craig:** Ah, Twitter.

**John:** So I wanted to talk about writers tweeting about other writing. And especially reacting to a line of dialogue outside of the context of the scene that it’s in.

**Craig:** Everyone is stupid. First of all, so I saw this kind of issue coming up. And so I looked on Twitter just under that “Well what is grief if not love persevering” and generally it seemed like people really did love that line. That it was very meaningful to them.

**John:** I will say, my own personal experience is that line resonates especially well in that scene. I think it was a good line delivered in the context of a really good scene. So I thought it worked.

**Craig:** And as somebody that doesn’t watch WandaVision. Spoiler, I didn’t watch a show. I think that is a terrific line. I think there’s a really provocative argument that it’s making that I haven’t heard made that concisely before. And the construction of the sentence is excellent. So I understand why Madison Hatfield tweeted this because it sounds like she understood that this was a really good line. I mean, it’s Twitter exaggeration, you know, like every screenwriter in the world whispering fuck. No, probably many screenwriters went, “Wow, that’s pretty good. You know what? I would have been proud to write that. That’s a good line.”

But what problem did people have with it? I didn’t see one. Tell me.

**John:** So here’s what I saw is that people said, “Oh my god, this is such a cheesy Hallmark card line.”

**Craig:** No it isn’t. It isn’t. I’ve seen a lot of Hallmark cards. Never in my life have I seen one that had something like that in it.

**John:** Yeah. There were actually a lot of those people. And there was a whole sort of – there are two memes that sort of came out of it. And one of the memes I totally support which is using that as a meme structure to put in other screenshots of film and TV with a line in captions. That’s hilarious. I love that. And “reverent fuck” as a sort of hashtag to sort of encapsulate things.

But my frustration was that people who I follow on Twitter, some of whom are writers and some who are not writers, were calling out like the faux profundity of this moment and sort of slamming on WandaVision or the writer of this scene who was not our beloved Megan McDonnell. I’m not just trying to protect Megan McDonnell here.

And we’re ignoring the context of the scene and I just wanted to shout at them a line of dialogue only works in the context of that scene. Like Craig you responded that you think that’s a good line, but that line could be a terrible line in a scene if it didn’t build up to that thing. And that was the punchline to a setup. And without the setup it’s not meaningful.

**Craig:** Well, also, if you watched the scene and you didn’t like it and you didn’t like the line shut the fuck up. How about that? How about be a fucking professional? Since we’ve said fuck we can do it, right? We broke the seal on this episode?

**John:** We’ve broken the seal.

**Craig:** You assholes. We are in a sisterhood and brotherhood. We are supposed to look out for each other. As god as my witness I do not understand this snotty thing that people do where they go on Twitter and shit on other people’s writing. Give me your writing. Give me one hour with your writing and I’ll fuck you up. OK? So stop it. Just stop it. It’s so weak. It’s so déclassé. And what it really is is a redirected self-loathing.

We all are embarrassed by shit we’ve written. And so when we see somebody else doing it it makes us feel good, like oh good, I’m not alone in my shittiness. Let me take a shot at this thing and be haughty about it and superior. You’re not. Also that’s a really good line. I’m sorry. It is. It’s good.

And the obsession with lines anyway. Fuck that. Like that’s not what it’s about.

**John:** So in addition to like not shitting on other writers, I want to say just the point which other people made on Twitter but I need to sort of underline it here that like you not enjoying a piece of art is fine. Me enjoying a piece of art is fine. You slamming on me for enjoying a piece of art is bullshit.

**Craig:** Yeah. Go fuck yourself.

**John:** Exactly. Let people enjoy what they enjoy. And I’m coming into NFL threads and saying like, “Football is stupid.” That’s not helpful.

**Craig:** Yeah. And it won’t go well. Your daughter and my daughter both went to a summer camp here in California and at that camp my daughter learned a phrase. I don’t know if yours did as well. And it was don’t yuck on my yum. Have you ever heard Amy say that?

**John:** I have not heard that, but that’s great.

**Craig:** Fucking love it. So what happened is they would – somebody would say, “Eww, you like peanut butter and bananas?” And then the counselors were like, “Don’t yuck on her yum.” And it’s such a great concept. As long as somebody likes something and it’s not hurting anybody don’t explain to them why it sucks. Just let them enjoy it. Unless it’s Ted Cruz. Otherwise, let them enjoy it. For the love of god. Who cares? Right?

**John:** Agreed.

**Craig:** God, when writers do this, I mean, first all you’ve got to know everybody is reading everything. And everybody is sharing everything. They may not be sharing it openly. When you say dumb shit and you go after other writers, other writers behind the scenes quietly are texting that shit back and forth to each other. And that’s not going to help you. It’s just not. It’s just not.

**John:** I did notice that some of the writers who had been kind of wading into the conversation deleted their tweets. And it’s like, yeah, that was the right choice.

**Craig:** Good. You can make a mistake and then you – great. Correct it.

**John:** It’s why pencils have erasers.

**Craig:** Bingo. No problem with that. But if you’re going to plant your flag or routinely do this. There was a writer who was on Twitter and he would do this all the time. And I would occasionally just send him a private message and say, “What are you doing? Stop it.”

And I don’t mind being cranky old guy. You know? Come over here, youngster. Let me tell you how we behave. Because somebody has to teach the children. This is not OK. It’s not. Just stop it.

**John:** Cool. .

**Craig:** All right.

**John:** Thanks Craig.

**Craig:** Bye.

**John:** Bye.

Links:

* [WGA Writer’s Deal Hub](https://www.wga.org/members/employment-resources/episodic-quote-guide/writers-deal-hub)
and [Screen Guide](https://www.wga.org/members/employment-resources/writers-deal-hub/screen-deal-guide)
* [Tony on Twitter’s Question about Overall Deals](https://twitter.com/tonygapastione/status/1366787154643349510?s=21)
* [WandaVision Thread on Twitter](https://twitter.com/madhat31/status/1365773588586987522) and [meme](https://www.insider.com/wandavision-memes-what-is-grief-line-2021-3)
* [NFTS Are Transforming the Digital Art World](https://foundation.app/blog/nfts-are-transforming-the-digital-art-world)
* [It’s a Sin](https://www.hbomax.com/series/urn:hbo:series:GYBNNbABUnb1QoQEAAABA) on HBO Max
* [Get a Scriptnotes T-shirt!](https://cottonbureau.com/people/scriptnotes-podcast)
* [Gift a Scriptnotes Subscription](https://scriptnotes.supportingcast.fm/gifts) or [treat yourself to a premium subscription!](https://scriptnotes.supportingcast.fm/)
* [John August](https://twitter.com/johnaugust) on Twitter
* [John on Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/johnaugust/?hl=en)
* [Outro](http://johnaugust.com/2013/scriptnotes-the-outros) by Monica Storms ([send us yours!](http://johnaugust.com/2014/outros-needed))
* Scriptnotes is produced by Megana Rao and edited by Matthew Chilelli.

Email us at ask@johnaugust.com

You can download the episode [here](http://traffic.libsyn.com/scriptnotes/491standard.mp3).

Scriptnotes Episode 490: Secrets and Lies, Transcript

March 11, 2021 Scriptnotes Transcript

The original post of the episode can be found [here](https://johnaugust.com/2021/secrets-and-lies-2).

**John August:** Hello and welcome. My name is John August.

**Craig Mazin:** My name is Craig Mazin.

**John:** And this is Episode 490 of Scriptnotes, a podcast about screenwriting and things that are interesting to screenwriters. It’s important to stretch because today on the show we’ll talk about secrets and lies, both how they inform characters, but also how they work in a story. We’ll also answer listener questions about realism, pre-laps, and the dreaded note “why now?”

**Craig:** Oh, why now?

**John:** Throughout this episode I will be challenging Craig to solve our first ever How Would This Be a Movie mystery. The case of the fatherless child.

**Craig:** Dum-dum.

**John:** Mysteries. And in our bonus segment for premium members we will discuss post-pandemic travel and generally the idea of post-pandemia.

**Craig:** Well, that sounds like a good idea, because I think the horizon is visible.

**John:** The horizon is visible there. We can tell that we are on a round globe because of the horizon and the way that living on a sphere gives you that kind of horizon.

**Craig:** There are people – I know everyone knows this –I’m stating it because sometimes I just need to say it out loud. There are people who are currently insisting the world is flat.

**John:** Yup. They are. Because of YouTube.

**Craig:** Because of YouTube. We’ve got to take YouTube off the Internet.

**John:** And I will also say the pandemic and disbelief in the pandemic and such is related to flat-eartherism and anti-vax people. It’s all that system of belief and it’s challenging to get people past that. We’re not going to solve it on this podcast.

**Craig:** No.

**John:** Instead we’re going to talk about things that screenwriters can solve, like pre-laps.

**Craig:** OK.

**John:** And the question of why now.

**Craig:** Yeah. Why now?

**John:** One thing we were able to solve is we’ve added more scripts to Weekend Read thanks to our producer Megana Rao who has gone through and added Mank, Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom, First Cow, Malcolm and Me, White Tiger, The Personal History of David Copperfield. So a good list of 20 or more of the For Your Consideration scripts are now up there in Weekend Read.

**Craig:** Excellent.

**John:** They’re free to read and download. And they are digital so they will take up no space on your kitchen counter, unlike screeners. So, Craig, I want to have a little conversation about screeners because for whatever reason this year it especially bugs me that I’m getting screeners for movies that were only released on digital platforms and I’m getting a physical copy of this thing that premiered on Apple TV Plus.

**Craig:** It’s enough already. And I understand the argument which is that there are a number of older – so all these screeners are for awards and there a number of voters who are older who may not be as comfortable with streaming as they are with physical DVDs. But I don’t even believe that anymore. Like, come on, it’s easier to stream something than to play a DVD. You don’t have to change the input on your TV or anything. I don’t understand it.

And it’s the plastic. It’s the delivery of them. They send them by FedEx. Sometimes I have to sign for these stupid things. Do you know how annoying that is?

**John:** I got a UPS sticky note saying I have to sign for this thing and I’m sure it’s a screener. I’m never going to sign it.

**Craig:** Well that’s the thing, right. So you get that notice. Hey UPS was here and we had something for you and you need to sign for it. And you’re like oh my god was it something great? No.

**John:** You know what? Send me a code. If it’s really important, send me a code and I will type in the code and I’ll watch the thing. But realistically they’re all on the apps and we just don’t need them.

**Craig:** It’s crazy.

**John:** Let’s stop.

**Craig:** Yeah, let’s stop. I mean, what do we have to do? Listen, you’re a member of the Academy, right?

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** And I’m a member of the other academy. So between the two – although the other academy, I don’t think that there are – well, no, there are.

**John:** There are.

**Craig:** There are. They do do the TV things, yeah.

**John:** Sigh.

**Craig:** Enough of that.

**John:** Enough of that. All right, I’m eager to get you started on this mystery, and we’ll sort of revisit this mystery throughout the course of this, but this came in as a How Would This Be a Movie and I thought it could be a movie, but it could be more interesting as a thing to challenge Craig with and for us to discuss how real life articles can lead in different ways to movie adaptations.

So here is the set up. What I’m going to tell you is based on a true story. And we’ll have a link in the show notes to the actual articles. There are many articles that have been written about this thing that happened. I’m going to add some character names and details, mostly so it’s easier for us to talk about, but also so we can think about it as a potential movie.

**Craig:** OK.

**John:** So this happens in Washington State, 2014. A couple, they are Roger and Annabeth Gleason. They’re both in their late 30s. They’ve been married for three years but it’s been a rocky relationship. They’ve been separated at times and Roger has been working out of state at times. They both apparently want to have a kid, though, but they’re having fertility issues on top of all of this.

With the help of IVF they have their first child, a son named Lucas. But there’s something odd. Lucas doesn’t share a blood type with either Roger or Annabeth. So, given this setup, Craig, what do you think is the next thing that happens?

**Craig:** I would imagine the next thing would be some sort of DNA test to see if the parents are the parents.

**John:** Yeah. And that is in fact what happens. Roger takes an at-home paternity test. And he learns that he is not the father.

**Craig:** Roger, you are not the father! Sorry, I had to Maury it. OK, so got it. But now the really interesting thing is, and I’m just sort of cheating because of the title of this thing, does mom take a maternity test?

**John:** Yes. So the question of sort of the paternity test and what the next step is is interesting. So I’ll set us up for our next segment by saying they end up writing into an online service called Ask a Geneticist, a blog. And he recommends that they need a more complete test. Because what’s going through their head right now is the question of like, wait, if this kid doesn’t match up, like we went through an IVF lab. Is it possible that the wrong sperm was used? That there’s something really wrong. Is there a lawsuit that we could possibly be filling?

**Craig:** And also the wrong egg.

**John:** Yeah. Exactly. So this expert is going to recommend they take a more extensive paternity test, a more expensive and complete genetic test, and the results of that in our next segment.

**Craig:** The game is afoot.

**John:** All right. Let’s do some follow up on previous segments. We talked about text chains on screen. Do you want to see what Sam wrote to us?

**Craig:** Yeah, Sam says, “I couldn’t help but respond to your recent discussion about empty text chains on phones as I saw this executed well for the first time just a few days ago. In Ted Lasso we see a text chain between Keely and Roy that includes previous texts and also captures their personal characteristics. For example, in the pre-thread we can see Roy who curses often and vehemently has included a bitmoji of himself cursing. Really well done and thoughtful detail on a well done and thoughtful show.”

Well, OK, so it seems like at the very least Ted Lasso is getting it right.

**John:** Yeah. So I really enjoyed Ted Lasso and I think that attention to detail is really important in the way that character is reflected it’s sort of all little choices along the way. Speaks well to Ted Lasso there.

John from Stockholm, Sweden wrote in to say that this reminds him how characters onscreen get off phone conversations much more quickly than they do in real life. And his question is, “This got me thinking about where do you, specifically you, draw the line between something being unrealistic and just being economical from a writing and filmmaking place?”

**Craig:** Yes. So very often in movies characters will call somebody and not even announce themselves either. So you’ll hear somebody say, “Hello,” and they’ll say, “Listen, we’ve got a problem.” And the person goes, “OK, what are we doing?” But they don’t say, “Hey, it’s Craig, do you got a minute?” They don’t do anything, ever, ever. And when the conversation is done one of them nods as if the other one can see and then hangs up, which in fact on the other end of the phone would just seem like a dropped connection.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** We do this because a lot of that filler does in fact take up space. It’s anti-dramatic. It tends to deflate tension. And generally speaking we just kind of go along with it. I think we’ve been trained by movies to just sort of go along with it.

**John:** I think a thing we do as writers very often is we will try to come into the scene after the phone has already been picked up, or leave the scene before the call is completed. Basically you don’t want to be in a scene where someone has to pick up the phone or hang up the phone if you possibly can avoid it. And yet if there’s really no way to avoid it you try to do the shortest reasonable thing that won’t stick out to a person. So I think my internal litmus test is when I notice that something is odd because they’re not doing it, or as an audience member we’ll just roll with it because it’s just sort of the convention. And that’s the test you’re always asking when you’re trying to optimize these things.

**Craig:** Yeah. I think that there’s room now for you to actually do these little extra handles and bits and goodbyes and hellos as long as you do them in ways that are interesting. Then people might appreciate it. Do it quickly. I think this actually becomes a directorial thing of pace. You know, if your deal is that you’re calling somebody and going, “Hey, it’s me…,” you can just as easily go, “Hey, it’s Craig, listen…” Fine. “OK? All right. Bye. Bye.” That’s fine. There’s nothing wrong with it.

**John:** Yeah. One of the nice things about the time we’re living in is people are tending to picking up their cellphones, so you can see who is calling you. So you can imagine like, OK, I see who is calling so I’m just going to start getting into it.

**Craig:** Right.

**John:** And you can sort of skip over that stuff. I think it’s always worth thinking about like what is the realistic way out of this conversation and what is the quickest version out of it? And do I take the quickest version or do I go even a little bit faster because of just movie logic.

**Craig:** Yeah. I don’t know, I feel like there’s a fun in wallowing in some of the things that we’ve eliminated. Just in sort of a modern way to get hyper realistic about those things. It’s kind of fun to indulge in some of those things. Like shoe leather.

**John:** Oh yeah.

**Craig:** Because like, OK, so everybody understood, like nobody wants to watch people walking. If they’re going to go from this spot to that spot, the walking part is super boring. But if you wallow in it it could be kind of fun. So, I don’t know.

**John:** It’ll strike people as odd because you just don’t see it in on other things. Going through all of the nonsense chit chat.

**Craig:** Let’s reclaim it. Let’s reclaim shoe leather.

**John:** Evan wrote in this week writing, “You’ve been talking recently on the podcast about how you feel there’s a lack of female characters who make ethical decisions. I’ve also noticed there are no female characters with big redemption arcs, at least none that I can think of. Some of our most beloved characters are men who begin evil but are ultimately redeemed, like Darth Vader, the Hound, or Kylo Ren.

“And we have a fair number of female villains, like Cersei Lannister, or Amy Dunne from Gone Girl, but it seemed to me that evil women in fiction remain evil. I’d like to hear your thoughts on why there are no such stories or such few examples of female characters who are redeemed at the end.”

**Craig:** This is true. I was scratching my head on this one. And I don’t have great examples. I was thinking about Imperator Furiosa from Mad Max, Charlize Theron’s character, who she is a military general for the big bad villain. But she kind of makes a choice to be good really early. So I don’t think that’s a redemption story. The one that I actually thought was the closest was Helen from Bridesmaids. That’s the Rose Byrne character. Because she clearly is the villain. And then by the end she is good. She does the right thing. But not still then in the way that we think of these kind of mythological evil to good.

And I think partly it’s because a lot of male writers view women through this very binary – they used to call it the Madonna Whore complex where a woman is either a saint or a sinner. There’s no room in between, nor is there room for redemption because men are seen as morally striving and women are seen as just morally complete. They just come out good or bad. That’s it.

**John:** Mm-hmm.

**Craig:** Whereas men are on some sort of path to goodness. And that’s just not true, but I think it’s just a function of the predominance of the male voice in our culture.

**John:** I was thinking through back to fairy tales and sort of other children’s lit where you do see broadly drawn villainous characters. And so you look at Maleficent, and so in the original Sleeping Beauty she is a just a thorough villain. She is a fairy queen/witch/villain. And then her redemption really comes in sort of a complete re-imagination of who that character is. Basically it’s not the character changes. You change the frame on who that character was in order to have her be not a villain throughout the whole story.

**Craig:** Correct.

**John:** The same with Wicked. In the Wicked Witch of the West in Wicked you see who she really is. It’s like, oh, this is all an act. She’s not inherently evil. It’s the world, it’s the system itself that is inherently evil. So, reinventions are not arcs. They’re just different characters. Different frameworks on a character behind it.

So, listeners write in. Give us some other good examples of female characters who have an arc from villain to hero or something more like a hero, because we’re having a hard time thinking of more of these. And I think it’s probably related, again, to sort of who was telling those stories and sort of what the biases they had in creating them.

**Craig:** Yeah. And it illuminates a big space to fill. Anytime you can’t really think of a lot of examples of something that is an opportunity to write your own. So, I would encourage people out there. Who are scratching their heads wondering what should I write to think about this as a good prompt.

**John:** For sure. All right. Let’s get back to our mystery, Craig.

**Craig:** Ooh, great.

**John:** Where we last left off there was a desire to have a more complete genetic test. So, that genetic test happened. The couple actually ended up going to 23andMe, which is not what you would think of, but was a much better test. And the results came back and they revealed that Roger is in fact not Lucas’s father, but Roger is his uncle.

**Craig:** What?

**John:** So, Craig, where is your storytelling brain going? Where is your detective brain going when I tell you that the man who thought he was this kid’s father is actually his uncle?

**Craig:** Well, I immediately wonder if Annabelle, I believe was her name, the wife.

**John:** Annabeth. I’m sorry.

**Craig:** Annabeth. I wonder if Annabeth was having an affair with Roger’s brother.

**John:** That would be a very natural suspicion. Roger has no brother.

**Craig:** Well Roger thinks he has no brother. [laughs]

**John:** That’s really fascinating. So, you as the screenwriter, the person who gets the chance to invent things, what would you like to invent? Like if this was all the story that you had where would you want to take this thing and what’s your conception of who this brother that Roger doesn’t think he has – what’s the scenario there?

**Craig:** Well, it’s going to be fraternal twins separated at birth, one of whom finds out that through some reason or another he was denied the cushy life that Roger, his brother, got. And he comes back for revenge and seeks it with Roger’s wife.

**John:** I’m asking why – so why did you go to fraternal twin rather than just an older brother or younger brother? What is it about twins that is interesting to you?

**Craig:** Well, because it’s contemporary. It’s a little easier to imagine the separation not being something that Roger wouldn’t be aware of. Let’s say it’s an older kid, generally speaking if you have a child and then you have another child a few years later you don’t then boot the older one out. Although I suppose if he was a really bad seed you might want to.

Whereas twins, if they’re separated, it is conceivable that they wouldn’t know about each other. And obviously an older kid would know about a younger one. So there’s a certain plot convenience to twins.

**John:** Yeah. OK. That’s for sure. But in some ways I think it’s harder to imagine that twins got separated. I guess if Roger knew that he was always adopted. So, if Roger was adopted at the start it would make more sense. But it’s not like twins get separated and one stays with the family and one gets shipped off.

**Craig:** Generally speaking it is not an easy separation. That is correct.

**John:** I have friends who have families through adoption and it’s interesting that it’s like, oh congrats, you adopted this baby, that’s awesome. And then six months later it’s like, oh, now we have a four-year-old, too, because it turned out they had a sibling.

**Craig:** Right.

**John:** Which is great and exciting and it’s lovely to have families together under one roof, but sometimes you anticipated having one kid and suddenly you have six because it turns out there’s a whole bunch of other related kids out there.

**Craig:** That is a risk you take with adoption and also biological procreation. Because sometimes the doctor comes to you and says, wow, four heartbeats. Didn’t happen to me, but it does happen. So, yeah, life is a crapshoot.

But, yeah, so I’m just doing the genetic math here. Roger is the child’s uncle. That means it has to be either, well, hold on. There’s another possibility.

**John:** Tell me.

**Craig:** The other possibility is that Roger and Annabeth are brother and sister. But then he would still be the father?

**John:** Yeah, he would still be the father. There’d too much overlap.

**Craig:** That would be really confusing. So, it seems like Roger has a brother. There’s a brother in the mix.

**John:** Mm-hmm.

**Craig:** And we’ve got to figure out how that brother snuck in there.

**John:** Great. That’ll be our next segment. We’ll get into what could possibly be happening here with the brother, because I’ll just whet your appetite by saying Annabeth has been faithful.

**Craig:** Wow. How?

**John:** All right, let’s get to our marquee topic which is secrets and lies. So, many episodes ago we were talking, it was like a random advice episode, and we were talking about blood donation. And you and I got into our little disagreement about whether if I had a rare blood type I should donate and it became this thing. And then in a bonus segment we talked through sort of my reasons for why lying about being gay to be allowed to donate blood I thought was problematic.

I mentioned this book by Sissela Bok that I read in college which I thought was terrific. It’s called Lying: Moral Choices in Public and Private Life. I just finished rereading it. It’s still really, really good. It’s a book from 1975 that’s still surprisingly relevant to the things we’re facing today. But I wanted to in this topic talk about secrets and lies because I find them so interesting for writers, both in terms of plot and story, but also characters. And really be thinking about how secrets and lies relate to characters. And so I thought we could dig in a bit here and encourage our listeners to look at their own scripts from the aspect of what secrets are people keeping, what lies are they telling, and how that is driving story.

**Craig:** Yeah. I feel like we’ve talked about lies before. I don’t know that we’ve talked about secrets per se. But I have a sense memory of talking about lies. And I believe that all humans are liars. That lying – we think of lying as a sin, like theft, or whatever is going on with Roger and Annabeth. Something happened somewhere. But that it is a crime. But the truth is it’s actually – while it can be a crime, it is also an inherent fundamental part of human behavior. And we innately understand that there’s a range of lies that cover a kind of spectrum of morality.

The fact that your character is a liar is essential to making your character seem real. Nothing is weirder than characters that apparently say what they think.

**John:** Yup. They feel broken. They feel like they don’t function within a real society. So, let’s define our terms a little bit so we make sure we’re talking about the right things. Let’s define a secret as something that is being hidden. And so that could be a truth that I don’t want you to know. My secret shame. My secret history. It could be a literal thing, a secret passage. It could be a secret message. I would say a secret takes some action to maintain. You have to sort of keep a secret up. And so generally at least one person has to know the secret. If not then it’s not really a secret anymore. It’s just like lost information. So there’s a truth that’s out there that is being kept from view.

**Craig:** Sounds about right to me.

**John:** And then a lie, let’s define that as a deliberate deception. So it’s not inaccurate information. It’s deliberately not giving out the truth. There’s a truth that could be told, that could be shared, and you’re not telling it. And weirdly a lie can kind of outlive the liar. That false story can persist long after that lie has been told and long after that liar has died.

**Craig:** Oh, I mean, most of human civilization is built on lies. Religion. [laughs] Basically they’re all lies. I mean, they’re stories, but if you tell people that they really happened that way then they’re lies. Most of our actual history is like what we think of as what really happened. A lot of it is just lies told by the victors.

**John:** A famous history book I think from the ‘80s, Lies My History Teacher Told Me.

**Craig:** Right. All of it.

**John:** So, when we say these can drive both plot and character, like Big Fish is about a secret that is misperceived as being a lie. That’s fundamentally what’s driving it. It’s the question of like is Edward Bloom’s past concealing a secret or is it all a lie, and sort of the relationship between those. Chernobyl, of course, is nothing but lies and secrets all the way down.

**Craig:** Yes. And very much about the corrosive quality of that stuff.

**John:** And they’re related phenomena. So every lie fundamentally conceals a secret because there’s a truth that’s being kept out of you. So every lie is a secret. And every secret has a lot of potential for lies. Because you’re going to start telling lies to maintain that secret. It’s almost impossible to keep a secret without lying. It’s challenging to. And I think a valid thematic question for a script could be can you maintain a secret without a lie? Are all secret-keepers fundamentally liars?

**Craig:** So, not always, but often. And there is a very enjoyable, in the way that horror movies can be enjoyable, like a stimulating, exciting aspect to watching somebody spin a web of lies and attempt to keep it working and going.

**John:** Oh yeah. The plate-spinning aspect of it is great.

**Craig:** The plate-spinning aspect. I mean, that was Dexter. The entire series essentially the joy of it I think was pretty much just watching Dexter keep the plates spinning. And the more you tell, the more you tell.

**John:** Yeah. The more I dig into it it’s hard to imagine a story that doesn’t have some aspect of a secret in it. And so there’s really obvious genre examples, like spy thrillers, anything with blackmail or infidelity. A mystery. There’s a secret generally within those. There’s some truth that you’re trying to uncover. There’s some detail that the protagonist is trying to unearth or themselves hide from view. And even in a love story, I mean every love story tends to have a moment where one character loves the other character but doesn’t want to confess to it. There’s some aspect of secret in kind of every story. So it’s always worth asking what secrets is the protagonist trying to discover. What secrets is the protagonist keeping from view? And that can inform both story but also specific behavior within scenes.

**Craig:** Yeah. And it might be helpful to organize it a little bit in this way. Secrets are the things that get revealed at the end. Lies are grenades that are going to go off at some point and the explosion leads to the end.

So, in The Hangover the lie is calling back to Tracy and saying everything is fine, we’re just here in Vegas. No problem. When they know that’s not true. The secret is the secret/mystery of where is Doug. Well that lie is going to blow up before where is Doug is discovered, or at least almost does.

So, we know when we’re watching these things that eventually it’s going to go. Even in Dexter, where it was all the plates spinning, one by one they would bring people in that the lie would fail on. And then the truth would be shared. And you just feel that sense. The tension of a lie is like a bowstring being pulled back. Eventually the truth will out.

**John:** Yeah. And you as the storyteller have to decide what is the audience’s relationship with that secret. And so we as an audience in Dexter know what he’s actually been up to, because we can see all the things he’s been up to. We have his point of view on those situations. But you could make another choice where it’s a surprise until the end. Like that secret is revealed. That’s the twist at the end. That’s the M. Night Shyamalan reveal at the end. There’s a whole different level. The filmmaker was concealing a secret truth from you. And so that’s a relationship you have to have.

And in some ways it goes back to that notion of every secret is to some degree a lie because you are deceiving your audience into believing one set of realities when in fact a very different set of realities is happening.

**Craig:** And that’s kind of what a twist is. It’s a secret that you didn’t know was in the movie. And there’s a big difference between knowing there’s a secret and waiting to find out what it is. And having no clue that there’s a secret and then discovering that there was one all along.

**John:** Yeah. Because you entered into the movie with one set of assumptions, a kind of contract that you had assumed you had signed with the storyteller. And they had made different assumptions about what that would be. Or they had relied on your misassumption in order for this thing to work properly.

**Craig:** Right.

**John:** Magic tricks work the same way, too. Jokes work the same way. It’s that element of I have led you to believe a certain thing and I’m going to take you to a different place than you expected.

**Craig:** Correct.

**John:** Yeah. But let’s talk about lies. Because as you said earlier for normal human interaction some degree of deception is absolutely required. Like just all the social niceties of how are you doing, doing just great. There’s a lie inherent to that because we’re not all doing just great. We’re all just struggling and getting by. It’s a lubrication that sort of gets us through this. This shared deception that things are a certain way.

**Craig:** Yeah. We don’t necessarily have a great grasp on our own truth either, which is why we lie a lot. And it’s why characters lie a lot. I mean, so a typical way we express the notion of a white lie is I think something that might be upsetting to somebody. I don’t want to upset them. So I give them a different version, a watered down version, or a polite version that’s acceptable to them. But even the thing that I’m thinking, maybe I’m just thinking that because I know they can’t hear it.

It’s like you can scream in your car because you know that no one can hear you, but maybe that’s why you’re screaming also. Because you know that no one can hear you. It’s like a feedback loop.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** It’s not necessarily true that the one thing is more true than the other. Sometimes I think that the white lie is the truth. It’s the extreme thing I’m thinking that isn’t the truth. Whoa.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** Mind-blowing.

**John:** And there’s also lies we tell really for good intent. There’s the extreme versions where you lie to protect someone’s life. Basically there’s a killer at the door and they say, “Where’s Tommy?” And it’s like Tommy’s not here, when Tommy is hiding under the bed. That’s the kind of lie that even a strict moral philosopher might justify in some way. I think justification is really a fascinating word. The taking of something that you know is not right and making it seem right. That’s justification.

So there’s those extreme examples, but there’s kind of the patronizing lies, like this is for their own good. There’s a good purpose for this. It’s why we don’t tell kids the whole truth. This is why we let them believe in Santa Claus. The person is not ready for the lie so therefore it’s better for us to tell them that. And they may be agreeing to that, or they may not be agreeing to that. And those are the ethical/moral quandaries there.

**Craig:** Yeah. Sometimes I think things get retroactively turned into lies. I still don’t think that – when Obi-Wan Kenobi said to Luke Skywalker, “Darth Vader killed your father.” I think that was real. And then later it was like, you know what, that was a lie.

**John:** Yeah, I mean, how do you want to approach that? Do you want to approach that from like what the intention was when the line was written? Or retroactively we’re saying that was metaphorical?

**Craig:** I think, yeah, so I think retroactively saying it was metaphorical. And the reason I bring it up is not because, look, I don’t know, maybe George Lucas always knew that Darth Vader was Luke Skywalker’s father. Spoiler! But because it’s so flexible, lying or a rubber re-relationship to truth is so inherent to the way we think and speak that almost anything could be a lie. Even from people that seem saintly. You just give them a good, you know, reason for it and off you go.

**John:** Yeah. That’s why through these last four years when the New York Times would keep a list of lies that our former president said, yes it was helpful to label them as lies rather than–

**Craig:** Untruths.

**John:** Deliberate falsehoods. But there’s also fundamentally that question of like if a person doesn’t recognize that they’re lying do we hold that to the same standard? It’s tough and fraught. And I look at the Edward Bloom character in Big Fish and it’s like is he a liar or is he a bullshitter? Yeah, OK, it’s all a gradation here. And we have to make choices as writers what we’re letting our characters do and how the choices that they’re making are going to impact the characters around them.

**Craig:** And that’s the big one is what is the impact of these things. And building a good story around a single lie can be incredibly effective. Galaxy Quest is a story built around a single lie. So it’s a sin of omission. These aliens thought the show was real and the cast of the show does not disabuse them of this notion. And you know inevitably they’re going to find out. It’s inevitable. Just as in every romantic comedy where somebody is posing as something they’re not, you know inevitably they’re going to find out. And we like that.

We like watching people face the shame of lying and then recover by expressing truth, because it gives us all hope. Even if in reality typically when you’re discovered to be lying in that fashion you are rejected permanently because you hurt somebody in a way that is not – there’s just no coming back from it.

**John:** Craig, what I think you’re speaking to is we have an expectation in our movies that there will be a cause and effect. And so therefore if this is thing is setup then the event will happen. If that car goes over the bridge it will explode in ways. We sort of have this set of reasonable expectations that these causes will lead to these effects. And I think we have an expectation that lies will eventually be exposed and there will be consequences for those lies.

And it’s disturbing when the villain gets away with the lies. And when the villain gets away with whatever actions that they’re taking. So I think that gets to, again, it’s the audience’s and the other characters’ reaction to those lies in some ways are more important than the intention behind those lies.

**Craig:** Correct. Because at the end of the movie when somebody says, “I lied, but here’s why I lied, I was afraid…” And then so that’s what she says. And the guy is like, “I love you.” And then they kiss. But then like what happens a month later? We don’t see that part. When he’s like, wait a second, you’re a liar. Like I don’t know if I believe you.

**John:** You fundamentally deceived me on all this stuff. Yeah.

**Craig:** You lied to me with a straight face, like While You Were Sleeping. Wait, hold on a second, you’re a liar. And that is kind of funky. But we don’t see what happens after the movie so we’re OK with it.

**John:** Yeah. To wrap this up, getting back to the Sissela Bok book that I’m reading, one of the things she keeps coming back to is that notion of in any situation in which you are attempted to lie ask yourself would this also be a situation in which violence might be a reasonable choice as well? So like to protect someone’s life, well, you might avoid violence but you might use violence in order to protect someone’s life. You might lie in order to protect someone’s life.

In movies, just like the same way characters will lie to each other then like forget it all, these characters have gone through sometimes these incredibly violent things and have killed people in front of each other and it’s like, oh yeah, now everything is fine and we’ll never kill anybody again. Really? Is that how it’s going to happen? You’ve broken the seal on the mortal violence.

**Craig:** Right. Yeah.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** Yeah.

**John:** All right. Let’s get back to our mystery. Where we last left off we had just learned from a genetics test that Lucas is in fact the nephew of Roger. So Roger is the uncle to this kid who he assumed was his son.

**Craig:** And Annabeth, his wife, was not – she didn’t cheat on him. She was faithful. So she has not slept with anybody but Roger.

**John:** Absolutely. And as you recall this kid was conceived through IVF which may or may not be relevant. So I just want to make sure that that was still noted in there.

**Craig:** Noted. Was there any new information?

**John:** Yes. So there is some new information. We have done this genetic test. I think it was the blogger that they wrote into said like, you know what, there’s one other thing I want you to go check. And it turns out that this mystery which we believe began in 2014 actually began 30 years earlier. And the womb that we needed to look at was not the womb in which the son was born, but the womb in which the father was born.

**Craig:** Ooh.

**John:** You had theorized – remind me your original theory of who the real father of this kid would be.

**Craig:** Oh, he ate his own twin in the womb.

**John:** He ate his own twin in the womb.

**Craig:** Wow. But the twin still had some sperm.

**John:** Indeed.

**Craig:** Whoa. [laughs] That’s awesome. That’s so crazy.

**John:** So let’s put all this together.

**Craig:** Oh, I solved it.

**John:** You did solve this. And so you solved this, and then we’ll also talk about what the story implications are behind all this. But so, yes, 30 years ago in the womb Roger was a little embryo there and he had a fraternal twin in there as well. At some point Roger’s embryo absorbed the other twin, which apparently happens. They’re realizing a lot more often than people think it happens. And so Roger is technically a chimera. He has genetic information from two different individuals. When you do more extensive genetic testing on him you’ll see there’s two completely different individuals living inside this. And some of the genetic information that he absorbed was in fact what led to sperm cells. So his sperm is actually of his brother who never existed.

**Craig:** My god. So his brother gets the ultimate revenge. Like you don’t destroy me. I destroy you!

**John:** Indeed. You will never father children and I will father children.

**Craig:** My line will live forever. Oh, babies in the womb.

**John:** Babies. So, that is the actual truth behind this and so we’ll link to some articles about this. And so I made up the characters’ names, but everything else that I described is basically what happened. So, in reaching the resolution of this mystery what are the other interesting story points for you? Because I don’t think this is necessarily a movie, but tell me what things of this spark your narrative interest.

**Craig:** Well, right away I think of it as a test of trust. Because if two people trust each other and then someone comes along and then another person comes along, and then a third person comes along, and all of them provide rock solid evidence that trust should not be there. We have entered an interesting story of faith which is trust in the absence of any reason to trust. And that is interesting.

It’s romantic, to some extent. I can certainly see that. But it also can bring up other things. So, there’s an interesting kind of story where something happens and there’s a misunderstanding. I thought that you were not faithful with me, or something. It turns out you were. But the opening, that little opening discussion has led us to discover other things.

**John:** That seed of doubt.

**Craig:** Force Majeure is a good example of this. The movie where there is an avalanche and a man instead of sort of shielding his wife and children kind of runs away. [laughs] And that leads to a long, difficult kind of explosion of a marriage. And so that’s kind of where I would imagine it going.

**John:** So, I think it also speaks to the idea of objective truth versus subjective truth and the idea of like well science says this is not genetically your offspring, and yet by all normal standards this is your offspring. No other man was involved in the creation of this child. So it is you.

But also the notion of identity. Roger assumed he was just one thing. But he actually is kind of two things. And people who have chimera syndrome or whatever you want to say, they will tend to have other manifestations of like this other twin that’s inside you to some degree. So there could be discolorations of skin. There can be aspects of that other person inside you.

So, The Dark Half, the Stephen King story, is sort of the most extreme example of that where the twin starts growing inside the other person. But that is thematically interesting. I assumed I was just one thing, but now I realize I am two things. And it’s making me question who I am.

**Craig:** I would blame all that kid’s annoying stuff on my brother. I tried to kill him. I tried to kill him in the womb, but this is his kid. You know, my brother. It’s not my fault.

**John:** Yeah. It’s fun stuff. And, of course, we’re assuming that in a time in which IVF is more common and multiple embryos can be implanted at the same time, it can just be really complicated. It’s that idea of sort of the simple half from one and half from the other. Our assumptions about sort of like the fatherhood and parenthood of a child may be really just myths.

**Craig:** Yeah. I mean, we don’t know what we don’t know. And that’s what makes a good story.

**John:** There’s interesting stuff there. I don’t think we have a – the conclusion of this mystery is not the conclusion of a movie based on it.

**Craig:** No.

**John:** It could be an M. Night Shyamalan twist at the end, but it would have to be for a kind of different story that got us there.

**Craig:** The problem is it’s super convenient. It feels a little bit like evil robot twin. And in the end when you find out the reaction from the audience I would assume would be, “Ooh, OK.” [laughs] But, fine, great. Well, I guess everything is fine now. But, you know, it feels like more of a thing that might pop up in a short mystery than in a movie.

**John:** Hey, let’s imagine that instead of being a normal parenthood situation this is some sort of murder mystery or some sort of serial killer thing. Roger in some ways like he could leave evidence at a crime scene that could never be traced to him. That’s interesting.

**Craig:** Well, but it will be. Because–

**John:** It’s sort of half-traced to him.

**Craig:** Yeah. That’s the thing. If his sperm is the sperm of his brother that he absorbed then any sperm sample would be traced to him. So you have to be able to be like, OK, if I nick a vein you get my brother, if you nick an artery you get me. Then that would be pretty cool.

**John:** It would be pretty cool. I mean, we’re in a time now where there are those databases where they are finding serial killers through relationships to cousins and things like that. So, it becomes fascinating. The idea that there’s people who never existed who are the villain.

**Craig:** The Dragnet is tightening around your neck, my friend. We’ll get you, John. We’re going to get you.

**John:** Eventually it will all come to pass.

**Craig:** Oh yeah. They’re zeroing in.

**John:** All right. Let’s go to some questions.

**Craig:** Great.

**John:** Megana Rao, our producer, if you could come on the line and talk us through some of the questions in the mailbag today.

**Megana Rao:** OK, Great. Julie Plec asks on Twitter, “What is the origin of the ‘why now?’ note? Why is it at the top of every exec checklist? What are you favorite shows and is there a why now in every single one of them? This note drives me bananas. Help me resolve this pet peeve of mine. Happy to be right or wrong. To clarify, the note in question is why is this story launching for this character now as opposed to why are we telling this story now.”

**Craig:** So, Julie Plec is the executive producer of Vampire Diaries.

**John:** And Roswell and other great shows. She’s been a guest on our podcast before. She’s a smart writer. So if Julie Plec, an incredibly successful showrunner, is getting hit by this note this note is endemic and can never be destroyed.

**Craig:** Yeah. So, I don’t like it either, because I think there are plenty of stories that just happen because they happen to happen. And that’s fun. Life is a bit random in that regard. And sometimes understanding the why now makes everything feel a bit too neat. Why is it at the top of every exec checklist? Because there is peer pressure. I think people pick stuff up and then they spread it around. It’s memetic.

**John:** I also feel it’s one of those questions that they don’t have to kind of defend for themselves because you’re going to give them some answer and they’re going to be like, oh, OK. But it reveals none of their cards to ask why now. Because they could love the story and they could ask why now. They could hate the story and ask why now.

But let’s separate out the two why nows, because Julie is specifically talking about in this story that’s already established why is this particular storyline happening to this character now versus why is it time to tell – why is this the time to remake Grease, for example. And so that’s a whole separate beast and that timing stuff is complicated.

The why is this happening to this character right now, you can parse it as what is it about this storyline that is particularly interesting to this character now versus what are the existing plot mechanics that are going to generate the story now. And I think as the writer hearing this if you can hit the ball back and say like this is why this storyline right now for this character is going to be so exciting based on the other things that have happened, or this is so ripe, you’re more likely to succeed than just talking about the mechanics of the show overall.

**Craig:** I think that executives have tropes the way that writers have tropes. So, we’ve talked about clams. Writers can say, “Oh my god, it was the date from hell,” because it requires no thought. It’s just, bloop, there it is. Done. And I think sometimes there are notes like this where if you have to say something, well, you could probably get away with that one and just, bloop, there it is. Why now. And the real answer to why now is because I said so. That’s why now. Because.

**John:** Because Julie Plec is the showrunner, dammit.

**Craig:** Because you know what? I thought people would be interested. That’s why.

**John:** Now, I do know that we have quite a few development executives who listen to this show. We even did an episode where we talked to a bunch of them. So, if any of them want to write in and sort of tell us their motivations behind asking the why now question, or want to promise that they won’t ask the why now question again, we would love to hear it.

**Craig:** Well, I don’t know if they’re going to be able to do that. But there is probably some kind of story where it feels so unmotivated that you can’t get into it, because it just seems like, you know, for instance – I understand this. A character works at a pet shop. And they are really bored. And when our story begins they go I’m so bored I’m going to rob the pet store. Well, OK, but why didn’t you rob the pet store yesterday or the day before, or month before? You’ve been there for seven years. Did something happen? I understand that one.

**John:** That’s a reasonable question.

**Craig:** Yeah. That’s reasonable. But the why now as in like, OK, but why…what’s the why now of Big Lebowski? Why is this happening to Lebowski today? Because it just did. That’s the way it goes.

**John:** Why did he meet the beautiful woman on the bus today versus yesterday? It’s like that’s not a reasonable question.

**Craig:** Correct.

**John:** Because it happened.

**Craig:** Because it happened. Bingo.

**John:** Megana, what else do you have for us?

**Megana:** All right. So Cassie in LA asks, “Before last November I rarely encountered a pre-lap in a script. Now the pre-laps are everywhere. I read a script the other day with a pre-lap scene every third scene. Am I crazy for thinking this is insane? Reading wise a pre-lap tends to take me out of the story. That’s why I don’t use them. But with all the pre-laps popping up I can’t help but wonder am I missing out? Are you guys team pre-lap or team let the editor figure that stuff out? And if you are pro pre-lap how many are too many?”

**John:** Applause for getting through as many times as you had to say pre-lap.

**Craig:** Pre-lap.

**John:** Pre-lap. Pre-lap. And you had to ask the question without even defining what the term was first, so let’s make sure that we all are talking about the same thing. A pre-lap in film or television scripts is when a character in a scene starts talking before we’ve actually made the cut. And so like if you hear my dialogue before you actually come to me in that next scene that is a pre-lap. So it’s bleeding the dialogue across into the next scene.

**Craig:** Or any sound. You know, like if it’s the sound of a lawnmower and then you cut to a guy mowing a lawn.

**John:** Exactly. And I am team pre-lap. I believe they are sometimes a useful way to convey the feeling of what it’s going to be like to be experiencing this on a screen while reading it on the page. So, I will use a pre-lap when it is useful. I think it can be overused like any technique in screenwriting. But Craig where are you on pre-lapping?

**Craig:** Yeah. It’s one of the transitions. We had an episode where we walked through many, many ways to transition between scenes. Transitioning between scenes is one of the things that separates the accomplished craftsperson from the not accomplished craftsperson. And having the audio begin before we get there is one of the ways we do that.

I do it all the time. I just don’t use the word pre-lap. What I’ll say is, are you ready, “We hear, yada-yada.” And then I go, Interior, blah-blah-blah, and there it is. It’s happening. So, I use it all the time. And I would say to Cassie or to anybody, look, I understand – sometimes when people say such and such takes me out of the story and whatever the such and such isn’t story material but rather format material, I get a little squirmy in my seat. Meaning you can handle it. Just do it. You’re fine.

We’re not so precious as readers that we fall apart if we see pre-lap. If it’s a good story you can deal with it. Think of it this way. If someone handed you Raiders of the Lost Ark and it said pre-lap every third scene would you throw it out? No.

**John:** No.

**Craig:** No. You work through it. But for me, I don’t tend to use any what I would call formulistic old style mechanic instructions like pre-lap or things like that. I’ll just say, I’m more impressionistic. We hear the sound of a such-and-such rise as we find ourselves in, Interior, Bathroom.

**John:** Yeah, but if a character started speaking before the cut would you mark them as pre-lap in their parenthetical or in their character cue?

**Craig:** I must admit I almost never do that. All of my pre-laps are non-dialogue.

**John:** So as a member of team pre-lap I will use the term pre-lap I think only when the character is speaking before the cut. And I think Cassie has likely not only seen a ton of pre-laps, but has seen a ton of bad pre-laps which is why she’s noticing them. I think a pre-lap is useful if that character’s dialogue or the sound we’re hearing has an interesting contrast with the scene that is just wrapping up. And therefore starting it early actually gives us something. Gives us a little punchline to a joke. It helps do a thing to make that transition have extra weight and extra meaning.

If it’s just there as a stylistic flourish then it’s pointless and shouldn’t be there.

**Craig:** I feel like we should just record something that says, “If it’s done well it’s fine.” And we have Megana read a thousand questions in a row and we just keep hitting this button.

**John:** We press the little button.

**Craig:** Yup. If it’s done well it’s fine. If it’s done well it’s fine. Yeah.

**John:** Megana, what else you got?

**Megana:** So, JW writes, “I’ve been an appreciative listener of Scriptnotes for years. Thank you both for providing so much of your personal wisdom. That said, I have to take issue with the concept that reappears on this podcast every now and then. ‘You have it or you don’t.’ While I understand that there are well meaning reasons for repeating this phrase, I believe this line of thinking borders on elitist. I also fear that it is dangerous. Someone who has a grandiose personality but is it not self-aware enough to judge their potential lack of talent might never be dissuaded from pursuing a writing career, even if they’re told point blank that they ‘don’t have it.’

“Meanwhile many talented albeit sensitive writers could take the wrong lesson from this mantra. Such writers include myself. I quit writing for two years because I was convinced that I didn’t ‘have it’ after a vicious bout of imposter syndrome that was enhanced by the ‘you have it or you don’t’ mentality. Ultimately my inner voice told me I had to go back to writing. I’ve since sold a spec feature and went on to receive steady work in recent years.

“I love you both but I feel like I must alert you to a potentially problematic mantra that I repeatedly hear make its way back to this great podcast.”

**John:** Well, JW, thank you for writing in with that. And also congratulations on your sale. Craig, what’s your first reaction to hearing this?

**Craig:** My first reaction is that “that said” is my favorite phrase in the world. I love you, I respect you, I think you’re an amazing person. That said…oh boy.

I don’t understand. That’s my response. I don’t understand this. You do have it or you don’t. And you’re proof of it. And the fact that you were confused about it doesn’t make it true or not true. I think you’re arguing for us to just hide something that’s true because some people that don’t have it will think they do, and some people that do will think they don’t. But the phrase “you have it or you don’t” is not at the root of a lack of confidence in your own writing ability.

I have it. And I feel a lack of confidence all the time. I have it just means the potential. That’s what it means. It means you have the potential to be a successful writer. You have the materials. But now you’re going to have to do a whole lot of work. You’re going to have to pick the right thing. You’re going to have to apply yourself. You’re going to have to fix it. And you’re going to have to bust through all of the limitations of being a human being to get to something that’s good that people want to make.

I think you’re just putting way too much, I don’t know, influence. It’s a fact.

**John:** I’m trying to balance two competing instincts here. So let me sort of talk this out. On one hand we’ve discussed before that when it comes to being a professional basketball player there are objective metrics you can look at. OK, you have the skills to be a professional basketball player or you don’t. And if someone were to say like, “No, no, keep trying, keep trying. You can make it,” when it’s clear you can’t make it is doing no one any service.

And something like writing though there are not those same objective traits. And so while Craig or I or other folks could recognize like oh that person is a really good writer, we can’t necessarily recognize like oh that writing is not good yet but maybe they’ll get better over time.

And, yet, in our experience we’ve noticed common traits of writers who never make, who never flourish, and who struggle for many years and eventually decide oh you know what I’m happier not trying to be a screenwriter. And so in making that observation I think that comes to the expression of “you have it or you don’t,” or some essential skill to writing that not every person has. And I don’t know that JW would disagree with that. I don’t think that JW – my hunch is that JW doesn’t believe that pick a hundred people off the street and anyone of them could become a screenwriter if they just applied themselves enough.

**Craig:** Right.

**John:** Maybe JW does. But I don’t think that’s where we’re getting to.

**Craig:** Yeah, I mean, you have it or you don’t is a tautology. Right? It is absolutely logically from an Aristotelian point of view 100% true. It’s like something is either A or not A. That is always true. So, “you have it or you don’t” is a fact. The reason we repeat is because a lot of people promote something else, which is anyone can do this if they blankety-blank-blank-blank which are saying with the repetition of this tautology is not the case.

When you say that you believe this line of thinking borders on elitist I would push back and say it is not bordering on elitist. It is elitist. It is not elitist in the sense of snobbery, cultural snobbery. It’s elitist in the sense that there are a very small amount of people that seemingly have the ability and skill and toolkit to make it through and have a movie made, or a television show produced. It’s hard to do. Just like athletes.

I mean, we have no problem saying he’s an elite athlete. But we have a problem saying he’s an elite artist? Why?

**John:** Well, I think here’s one difference is that we talk about the skill, opportunity, and toolkit, but also is opportunity. And also is access. There’s things – there are obstacles in the way of someone becoming a successful screenwriter that have nothing to do with that person’s talent, but actually their circumstances. And I think we’ve acknowledged that repeatedly on the show and how important it is to increase access to opportunity and access to outcomes that are there.

So JW is not really talking about sort of those problems, those sort of systemic problems. JW is talking about how repeating this idea that “you have it or you don’t” dissuaded them from pursuing for a time. Yes. And I mean sometimes congratulations on having some imposter syndrome rather than this false bravado that you couldn’t do this thing.

**Craig:** Yeah.

**John:** I’m really happy that things worked out for you. I’m really happy that you got past this roadblock of self-doubt. I think a thing we’ve also tried to communicate a lot over the course of this show is that successful writers have a lot of self-doubt and that it’s not just a thing that aspiring writers suddenly get over. It’s not you become successful and you suddenly have no self-doubt anymore. That’s still a part of this career.

**Craig:** Yeah. When it comes to people who are struggling through limited access or struggling through a system that has an inherent bias it’s even more important to acknowledge that some people have it. Let’s just talk about the positive part. That’s why we need to open access to everybody and make sure that there aren’t artificial barriers because there are so few people that have it that you don’t want to lose the people who do through nonsense and bad behavior.

David Zucker when people would ask him how do you – what’s the secret for making it – he would always say, “Quit now. You’ll never make it.” And if you refuse to believe that you’re halfway there. That was his sort of Zen, Koan kind of paradox.

You obviously were able to push through, JW, meaning you are proof positive that us saying “you have it or you don’t” doesn’t stop you from being a successful screenwriter. And I’m never going to stop saying it. [laughs] Ever. In fact, I’m going to say it twice as often, just because I’m cranky.

**John:** And I would also encourage JW that whatever lessons you’ve learned, whatever helped you get through that, share that. Because other people might take inspiration from your example. But also remember that you are one example of the situation. And there’s a survivorship bias that is inherent to like, well, because I made it therefore anyone else can do what I just did. And that’s not reality. That’s just not how it goes. And so when we talk about sort of like the many hundreds of people we’ve encountered through our careers and the patterns we’ve recognized, that’s what we’re talking about.

**Craig:** Correct. That’s a great point. Great point.

**John:** All right, Megana, thank you for these questions.

**Craig:** Thanks Megana.

**Megana:** Thank you guys. Bye.

**John:** All right. It’s time for our One Cool Things. My One Cool Thing is a game I actually texted to Craig because I thought he would enjoy it and I think he enjoyed it.

**Craig:** Loved it.

**John:** It’s called Kitty Letter and it’s by the Oatmeal, Matthew Inman, and the folks behind Exploding Kittens. It is a delightful little word puzzle where you’re trying to form as many words as possible while your opponent is trying to form words off the same tile set. It is just so specific to Matthew’s sense of humor and sort of how it all works.

I like that he coded it largely himself because it feels like a kind of thing I would do. I just really enjoyed it. It’s become a great little game to play when I have five minutes when I’m waiting for a call. So I really recommend Kitty Letter. It’s available for iOS and for Android.

**Craig:** Yeah. It was great. Matt did a terrific job. And it is so finger printed to him. No surprise it involved cats that explode. And also very odd-looking cartoon people with very dramatic expression and explosions of anger and joy. And it has a lovely – there’s a single-player adventure part that you can go through, like story mode, and it has a lovely ending. It was just great. I played it all straight through in like an hour. I loved it.

Well, my One Cool Thing is also a game, also for iOS, and possibly Google/Android, but I don’t care, called Inked. I don’t know if you’ve seen this. It’s pretty well-promoted.

**John:** The trailer is beautiful.

**Craig:** Yeah. It’s really, so I mean I think the real value of this game is in fact the aesthetic of it. In and of itself it’s not something we haven’t seen before. It is a platform puzzler I guess you would call it where you are moving through a space and you need to manipulate certain objects in order to get through this space or move some objects where they have to go, so you have ramps and things like that.

And so the controls are very touch-based. You’re not running around or dodging or ducking or anything like that. But what makes it really run to play and look at is that the entire thing is done as ballpoint pen sketches. That kind of classic blue-lined look. And they just got it. I mean, they just nailed it. Maybe it’s fountain pen look. I don’t know. But it’s really beautiful to look at. And it is fun to play. So, check out Inked on iOS.

**John:** Fantastic. And that is our show for this week. Scriptnotes is produced by Megana Rao. It is edited by Matthew Chilelli. Our outro is by Daniel Green. Hey Dan.

If you have an outro you can send us a link to ask@johnaugust.com. That’s also the place where you can send the longer questions like the ones we answered on the show today. For short questions on Twitter you can find me @johnaugust.

We have t-shirts and they are great. You can find them at Cotton Bureau.

You can find the show notes for this episode and all episodes at johnaugust.com. That’s also where you’ll find transcripts and sign up for the weekly-ish newsletter we make called Inneresting which has links to things about writing.

You can sign up to become a premium member at Scriptnotes.net where you get all the back episodes and the bonus segments like the one we’re about to record on where we would dream about going to vacations in our post-pandemic wonderful life.

Craig, thank you for helping solve the mystery of the Case of the Fatherless Child.

**Craig:** Case of the Devoured Twin.

**John:** If I had said the devoured twin, if that was the title it really would have spoiled it, wouldn’t it?

**Craig:** It would have given it away.

**John:** It would have given it all away. Most of mystery is about finding the right title. That’s what I’ve learned today.

**Craig:** The butler did it.

**John:** Thanks Craig.

**Craig:** Thanks John.

[Bonus segment]

**John:** All right. It is time for our bonus segment. This suggestion came from our premium listener Andrea, or maybe Andrea. She’s from the UK, London. So she may pronounce it Andrea. Who knows? She asks, “After this is all over, what countries, cities, or other types of locations would you most want to travel to that you’ve never traveled to before? And why?”

Craig, what’s on your list, your bucket list for travel in a post-pandemic world?

**Craig:** Well, I’m an interesting person to ask this question of because I don’t necessarily have a lot of wanderlust. I’m very much a homebody.

But the other day I was talking about the fact that I’ve never been to Tokyo.

**John:** So good.

**Craig:** And I’ve never been to Seoul. And I thought I could do like a Japan/Korea combo trip.

**John:** And as you recall that’s where I was last January. So when we brought Covid back to the US – oh shoot, I wasn’t supposed to say that.

**Craig:** Yup. It was you.

**John:** We were in Korea for Big Fish and then we were in Northern Japan skiing with a bunch of Chinese skiers.

**Craig:** I think I would probably – that sounds like fun. Now, I say that and then cut to miserable jetlag and I’ll be cursing everything. But I think that that sounds like a good plan. And I do probably my very first trip regardless no matter what is going to be London because our whole Chernobyl was intending to have a bit of a reunion around the BAFTAs. But the BAFTAs were obviously not held in person and so we did not have that opportunity. And so I’m hoping that maybe by the time it’s like Christmas/New Year’s we might be able to have that London reunion. Because I miss those folks.

**John:** Our plans for last spring break were to go back to Paris to visit all our friends in Paris, because longtime listeners of the podcast know I used to live in Paris. And it would be our first time back to visit our friends there for quite a long time. So we had actually rented the same apartment we used to live in. And we were very excited to go back and just have our Paris life back for ten days. And then of course the pandemic shut down everything there.

So, Paris is definitely the first place I need to go once the world opens up again. That’s just a high priority and I can’t wait to get back there. But I would say there have been a lot of other places that were on the list that were like oh eventually we need to get to that place. And I feel an increased urgency just because the pandemic shut this down this one time. Who knows what’s going to stand in the way of future trips.

So I definitely want to go to New Zealand. We have Paris friends who live there now so I want to go and visit them. New Zealand just seems like a wonderland that doesn’t have Covid. Iceland, always high on the priority list. But then even places that are kind of always going to be there but I just feel a new urgency to get to is like Machu Picchu and other sort of great historic sites around the world. I want to get there before the next thing happens that keeps me from going there.

**Craig:** Yeah. I never thought about the next thing.

**John:** Yeah, but even if it’s not a thing that shuts down the world, we’re of an age where bad stuff can happen. And suddenly it becomes impossible for us to travel someplace.

**Craig:** Oh right. I get what you’re saying. Like suddenly just your knee.

**John:** Just your knee. Or mortality.

**Craig:** Dark.

**John:** So this week one of the things I needed to do was – so my mom passed away December 5, and it turned out her name was already engraved on the headstone and her birthday was there but I needed to add her date of death. And so I was calling the cemetery to do this and it cost $425 if people are curious about what that is.

But a site I found which was so remarkable and how I knew what still needed to be done is somebody had gone through and photographed all of the headstones in this cemetery where my father is buried, or where my mom is going to be buried. And so I could just look up and I could actually see a photo of my dad’s tombstone, which was just awesome. There’s a service that just does all of this. Or there’s a website that keeps them on. I think it was just a volunteer who takes all the photos.

And so I was looking there and I realized my father was only 60 when he died. And in my head he was like much older than that. And it really brought a sense of – the realization of the shortness of life at times. Because he died when I was pretty young. And so I always think of him as being old when he died, but he really wasn’t that old.

**Craig:** Well, he was. It’s just so are you.

**John:** He’s not that old, because I’m not that old. That’s what I’m saying, Craig.

**Craig:** Yeah. I mean, when my dad died last year I definitely felt older. I mean, I think I said as much on the show. The buffer between you and the great beyond has been removed. You’re next.

**John:** Oh yeah.

**Craig:** I’m the next Mazin man to die.

**John:** There’s no generation, yeah. If you were to die before your father that would be a great tragedy, but if you were to die after your father it’s like, oh, this is just what happens.

**Craig:** It’s about how it should work.

**John:** But happier topics, like imagining a post-pandemic life seems much more possible and plausible now than even a month ago. It’s surprising how quickly spring has come in a sense of this global disaster.

**Craig:** Yeah. I do feel like things – I mean, statistically the last couple of weeks have been remarkably good. It’s hard to say that when people are still dying, but relatively speaking the transmission rate and the hospitalization rate have plummeted, particularly here in LA County. Obviously plummeting from quite a steep rise that we experienced over the winter.

There is an acceleration of vaccinations. I think they said something like 50 or 60% of Americans over 65 have now been vaccinated or something. It’s like a really big number.

**John:** Yeah. It’s a crazy number.

**Craig:** And they have been saying that unfortunately because generally sucked at being good pandemic practitioners the infection rates were so high in the United States that we have started to also creep up on herd immunity just because of infections. So in LA County there is one estimate that half of all people in LA County were infected by Covid.

**John:** That seems too high to me and yet also it was just terrible here. So I could see both sides of that. I would say personally I am – and as a family – we are not sort of letting down our guard at all at this point. At some ways seeing that the end is near has strengthened our resolve to like–

**Craig:** Correct.

**John:** –not get during this time.

**Craig:** Yeah. It’s the short timer syndrome. The guys who were in war, they always say the most scared they are is right before their last three days. Because people do unfortunately catch it right there at the end. So, like you we are sticking to the plan and wearing the masks and social distancing and all that stuff. But, man, I cannot wait to get that jab in my arm.

**John:** I’m very excited for it.

**Craig:** I’m ready.

**John:** And it’ll be good when it happens.

**Craig:** Yup.

**John:** I would also say we’re starting to make some summer plans. Are they plans which we could cancel if we needed to cancel? Sure. But we are actually putting down deposits on some things just because that’s what you do. And you sort of recognize that you have to not just prepare for the worst but prepare for pretty good as well.

**Craig:** Yeah. I think that that makes total sense. We are, too. I think we’re presuming that Jessie is going to be able to go to a summer program of some sort or another. Obviously last summer all the camps and things were canceled. And, you know, look, I’m preparing to produce a television show.

**John:** Exactly.

**Craig:** Obviously there are ways to mitigate production. Testing everybody constantly. But, you know, we’re hopeful that not only will we be able to get through with good testing and practice, but also that no one will get sick. And that’s really the goal.

**John:** I would say one of my biggest surprises is that so much production was able to figure out a way to happen. You and I have friends who have been in production kind of this whole time. And one just wrapped a show and managed to get through without any infections or anything shutting down. Others have been on and off and on and off because of it, but they’re still shooting, which is a great testament to the hard work and skill of a bunch of people doing it. And in some cases luck.

**Craig:** In some cases luck. But I do think that they landed on good systems. And once tests were plentiful, I mean that really was the key. That’s where we just ate it as a country. Our lack of testing capacity killed us. Literally killed us.

**John:** Yeah. I’m also kind of hopeful that – will there be another pandemic in our lifetimes? Probably? It’s just probably going to happen. Will we be much better set up for it?

**Craig:** Yes.

**John:** Yeah. We actually recognize that it’s a real genuine threat and we can shut stuff down quickly and surgically and just be much better ready to deal with it.

**Craig:** I was actually thinking about this the other day. That the next pandemic everyone will just put on a mask, including all the people that were belly-aching about the masks during Covid. Because at this point they’ve sunk that cost in. Like they’re the bellyacher. They just can’t admit it at this point. They can’t start wearing a mask now. It’s too late for them. They’ve said too much dumb crap on Facebook. But the next one? They’ll stick a mask on.

**John:** And so, yes, it turned out that wearing a mask was much more important than washing your hands, but the next time I’m going to wash my hands, I’m going to stay at home, I’m going to put on a mask. I’m going to do all the things until they tell me I don’t have to do some of the things. I’m going to do all of the things.

**Craig:** Yup. I’ll do all the things. Because, you know, I don’t want to suffer.

**John:** Yup. I want to live.

**Craig:** I want to live.

**John:** Thanks Craig.

**Craig:** Thanks John.

Links:

* [Download Weekend Read to read the ‘Awards 2021’ scripts](https://quoteunquoteapps.com/weekendread/)
* [Lying: Moral Choices in Public and Private Life](https://www.amazon.com/Lying-Moral-Choice-Public-Private/dp/0375705287) by Sissela Bok
* [Julie Plec on Twitter](https://twitter.com/julieplec/status/1362499010594963457?s=21)
* [Kitty Letter](https://theoatmeal.com/blog/free_game) Game
* [Inked](https://inkedgame.com) Game
* [Get a Scriptnotes T-shirt!](https://cottonbureau.com/people/scriptnotes-podcast)
* [Gift a Scriptnotes Subscription](https://scriptnotes.supportingcast.fm/gifts) or [treat yourself to a premium subscription!](https://scriptnotes.supportingcast.fm/)
* [John August](https://twitter.com/johnaugust) on Twitter
* [Craig Mazin](https://twitter.com/clmazin) on Twitter
* [John on Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/johnaugust/?hl=en)
* [Outro](http://johnaugust.com/2013/scriptnotes-the-outros) by Daniel Green ([send us yours!](http://johnaugust.com/2014/outros-needed))
* Scriptnotes is produced by Megana Rao and edited by Matthew Chilelli.

Email us at ask@johnaugust.com

You can download the episode [here](http://traffic.libsyn.com/scriptnotes/490standard.mp3).

Scriptnotes, Episode 489: Kingdom of Cringe, Transcript

February 26, 2021 Scriptnotes Transcript, Transcribed

The original post for this episode can be found [here](https://johnaugust.com/2021/kingdom-of-cringe).

**John August:** Hello and welcome. My name is John August.

**Craig Mazin:** My name is Craig Mazin.

**John:** And this is Episode 489 of Scriptnotes. It’s a podcast about screenwriting and things that are interesting to screenwriters. Today on the show we will make a valiant effort to plow through the backlog of listener emails, tackling topics ranging from cringe, to coaching, feedback, to focal length.

**Craig:** Oh my.

**John:** And in our bonus segment for Premium members we will discuss small towns versus big cities and our advice for where you should live.

**Craig:** Oh, geez, I don’t know if I’m qualified. I’ve been in both. I guess I am qualified.

**John:** You are qualified. I think we’re all qualified. It’s a bonus topic, too, so even if we’re wrong, it’s a bonus topic.

**Craig:** [laughs] What a great value for our Premium subscribers. It’s a bonus topic, so yeah, we can talk out of our asses. It doesn’t matter.

**John:** One of my criteria for bonus topics is like well you know what not everyone is hearing it so we can say something really controversial. People had to pay to get that controversial topic.

**Craig:** That’s where we really wing it.

**John:** Mm-hmm.

**Craig:** Wing it.

**John:** So it is 2021. It is February. It is award season. So even though it was a weird year for movies, obviously, there were movies. And those movies had scripts and those scripts are now available to read. So in a little bit of news here, every year we gather up a bunch of the screenplays from those movies and put them in Weekend Read in a For Your Consideration category. So, Megana has done a yeoman’s job this last week going through a bunch of these PDFs, getting them ready for Weekend Read.

So, if you would like to read about 15 of these scripts so far, but there will be more coming, open up your Weekend Read and they are there to read for free on your iPhone or other iOS device.

**Craig:** Great. And out of curiosity do you have to get permission from everybody or?

**John:** One of the great things about sort of award season is that all the studios put them up for free. So, what we’re really, really doing is linking to the original things on their websites. And so then we just make sure they actually work properly. Megana had to go through all of them to make sure they worked properly, but the ones we have up do work.

**Craig:** Great.

**John:** Great. And that’s a thing that is so different from when you and I started because it was just hard to get scripts. And so you’d have to have these little sort of trading networks because they were all physically copied and it was a hassle.

**Craig:** Yeah. Or there were some stores in Hollywood that would just sell scripts. And there were just bins of piles of Xeroxed scripts.

**John:** Yeah. So the thing we say so often on the show is that the absolute best education you can get about screenwriting is reading a bunch of really good scripts. And so this is a thing you can do to start.

**Craig:** I think at this point we’ve overtaken reading scripts. I think this is it. We’re number one.

**John:** Yeah. Just listen to us and do exactly as we say.

**Craig:** Exactly.

**John:** Because we will always know best. But occasionally we don’t know everything which is why we have guests on the show sometimes. And you and I want to have a little public conversation about the guests we have on the show, because there’s been some misunderstanding or sort of – we’ve changed policies, but also we kind of have a policy. So let’s talk about what our policies are for guests on this show.

**Craig:** Sure. It does seem like there is a threshold where as a podcast if you hit a certain listenership then publicists start to stick you on a list of people they should be, you know, either mass-emailing or in a nice way specifically targeting when their clients are promoting work. We are not a talk show. We’re not a late night talk show. We’re not a chat show. We’re not an interview show. I am at my happiest when it’s this, like the show today, very typical for us. It’s us.

We never had guests early on. It was something we sort of added in a little bit. And my personal feeling is that we are a not-guest show with an occasional guest, as opposed to a guest show with an occasional not-guest.

**John:** I think that is a correct way to sort of position us. And let’s talk about when we do have guests on why we have guests on. For me there’s sort of two criteria. One, does this person have experience in an area of writing that we just don’t have experience in? Like I did an episode with Chad Gomez Creasey and Dailyn Rodriguez. We were talking about network TV procedurals. Like I’ve never written those, but a bunch of people do write those and they are so much better qualified to talk about that.

Late night and variety writing. We had Ashley Nicole Black coming on to talk about that. I don’t know anything about that. She does. It’s great to have her there talking about sketch. We had Alison Luhrs who talked to us about fantasy world-building at Wizards of the Coast. Again, things that our listeners want to know about but we don’t know anything about that, so that’s great.

Sometimes they also have expertise in an area, so like when we have the founders of PayUpHollywood on we can just ask them the things and they can fill in the information. Like we don’t know that stuff and they do know that stuff. So, that’s the kind of guest that we have on.

And occasionally we’ve done stuff around award season where we have on a guest who is just like really good at one area and we can talk specifically about a project that’s already out there, so like Greta Gerwig came on and Noah Baumbach came on to talk about their movies, but really their screenplays we could sort of go through on a granular level.

I want to keep doing that, but we are not the place for your publicists to reach out and try to book a spot on Scriptnotes. We’re not a couch for you to land on.

**Craig:** We’re not. We will at times do things that seem like we are, but we’re not doing them for that purpose. I mean, those shows exist in a symbiotic relationship with publicity machinery. So the publicists send their actor clients on to get free advertising for the movie or TV show and the late night talk show is getting the actor on because that’s now the content that draws people to watch their show and sell the ads.

We don’t have any of those concerns. Sometimes we seem like a chat show, like I’m thinking for instance when we had I thought a terrific and lengthy interview with Dave Mandel and Julia Louis-Dreyfus.

**John:** Great.

**Craig:** And that was kind of around the Emmy campaign for the final season of Veep, but the truth is for us I think the two of us were mostly fascinated by how that specific relationship functions behind the scenes when you have the star of a show working hand-in-hand with the head writer of the show with history together and kind of building something together as a team. That’s what we’re interested in. We’re always – I mean, we just care about what we care about. We’re not playing clips and all that.

So, yeah, you know, I just feel bad because now people are like “We have this wonderful…” and we’re like, but why don’t – my favorite guest is no guest.

**John:** Yeah. That’s always a good one. But I think underlying this whole conversation is the growing realization that we are two white American guys.

**Craig:** Whoa.

**John:** So when we do bring on guests we’re always going to prioritize finding people who are not white American guys.

**Craig:** Yeah.

**John:** And so that’s another crucial function of guests so that it’s not just two white guys talking the whole time.

**Craig:** Yeah. And we appreciate the difference in perspective that we get from all of our guests, whether it’s something like, OK, well Julia is an actor and she’s working with a writer. And we’re not actors. Well, I am. [laughs] I’m obviously a great actor.

**John:** But you are an actor.

**Craig:** I’m just not as frequent of an actor as Julia is. So, I like hearing that perspective. But there’s obviously this base perspective factor and as Hollywood grows up and starts to widen its opportunities and interest in people who aren’t the standard white American cis gender male heterosexual guy, having people come on who don’t fit into this category is valuable. It’s an interesting discussion. Otherwise you end up with the equivalent of the meme of Spider-Man pointing at himself.

I mean, at the very least we have some vague diversity between ourselves. It’s not a ton, but it’s a little bit.

**John:** It’s a little bit, yeah.

**Craig:** It’s a touch. But, man, we’re a lot alike.

**John:** Yeah. All right, so let’s dig into some follow up. Last week we talked about the agency campaign. Got an email in from Matt who wrote, “Lest anyone doubt what was at stake. Early on in this process I find myself at a party with a prominent agent from one of the big four. He seemed cool enough so I took the opportunity to pick his brain about the dispute. Suspicious, he asked if I was WGA. I said no, just aspiring. ‘Well don’t aspire to that,’ he said. ‘The WGA won’t even exist by the time we’re done with them.’

“He went on to characterize the WGA as a freakish stew of greedy, entitled, naïve folks who wouldn’t have a pot to piss in if not for the business savvy of him and his colleagues. He then called over his lawyer friend and they both confidently boasted that the law and common sense were on the agency side. The WGA’s total destruction was imminent.”

**Craig:** [laughs] This is pretty amusing. That may have been a prominent agent from one of the big four. But in the weeks leading up to kind of the terminus of our agreement with the agencies. I had a number of discussions with a number of agents and mostly what I was trying to get across to them was that they should take this seriously because it didn’t seem like they were.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** I was just like do you guys understand what’s happening. I feel like you’re in a flood zone, there’s been an earthquake out there in the ocean, and you’re just like, “Nah, it’s going to be fine.” But once it happened there was nothing like this. They were very concerned and so I think this might have not been one of the people running one of those agencies.

What I find fascinating is how Glengarry Glen Ross macho these places are. And so the leadership projects this macho tough guy “we’re going to beat everyone to death and no one is going to have a pot to piss in blah-blah-blah” and all the people lower down on the ladder absorb this stuff culturally and start spitting it back out like it’s real. Well, a couple of problems with this kind of saying. A, it doesn’t matter if you aspire to the WGA or not. If you meet the conditions to join the WGA, welcome to the WGA. You’re in it whether you want to or not. So this agent apparently misunderstood a fundamental aspect of how this functions.

But also the WGA is a “freakish stew of greedy, entitled, naïve, oafs,” that’s literally all of their writer clients. That’s everybody. Everybody they represent is in the WGA. So that’s absurd. And that the WGA’s total destruction – the only entity as far as I can tell that can destroy the WGA other than the federal government would be the membership of the WGA voting to dissolve the WGA.

So, everything this person said was either hype or just raw stupidity. But I will say, Matt, this was not what I was hearing as we were heading towards the edge of disaster from real agents.

**John:** Yeah. I was hearing a little bit more of that sort of in the weeks leading up to it. And I think once the expiration date past, like once the 770 showrunners and high profile writers said they were supporting it, once it became more clear like oh-no-no we’re all taking it really seriously that did happen.

Looking back at it, what I understand a little better is that sometimes it’s hard to understand the other side’s framework, sort of how they’re seeing things. And I think there is a way in which – agencies are really top-down leadership. These are the people in charge and everyone is working for the people in charge. And I think they maybe thought that the WGA was more like that. That everyone was working for the leadership and didn’t understand that, no, no, no, the leadership is only there because of the people underneath it. And it’s not even like our federal “democracy” where there’s people in charge and voters for it. It’s like, no, no, they really are the same group and the same body. So that may have been one of the obstacles to get up to really understanding what the other side was talking about. They had a very different leadership structure and it was just hard for them to grasp where the energy for this was coming.

**Craig:** Yeah. They’re also as negotiation-oriented as they are on an individual basis when it comes to a kind of company level action, the only interactions they have on company levels competitively is with each other in either I’m buying you, or you’re trying to buy me, or I’m trying to destroy you and you’re trying to destroy me. They don’t have these institutional relationships like we have with the AMPTP where we are locked in a room and while we may punch each other we are also aware that at some point we have to hug. We have to.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** Even if we pull knives out, at some point we have to agree.

**John:** We know we have to reach an agreement, because we have to get back to work for both sides.

**Craig:** Exactly. Because the WGA cannot buy the AMPTP. And the AMPTP cannot destroy or buy the WGA. So just culturally speaking that’s just bad dialogue. I don’t know how else to put it. That agent delivered bad dialogue. It was both not founded in fact or reality and it was on its face just absurd.

**John:** Yup.

**Craig:** Dumb.

**John:** Speaking of the AMPTP, this last week I put up a blog post looking at the Aladdin residuals. So this is something we talked about before on the show and I’m going to try to be pretty transparent about the residuals coming in on Aladdin.

And so in this last post I took a look at new media SVOD which is a really complicated just sort of messy category. Essentially it looks like it should just be the money that’s coming in for SVOD, so like the streamers. In the case of Aladdin it’s on Disney+. But actually a couple things get combined into one check. So it’s that, but it’s also money that’s coming in for like iTunes rentals. And so rather than sort of you could buy this movie on iTunes, but you can also choose to rent it on iTunes. If you choose to rent it it’s the money that comes in there.

And interestingly when a movie debuts as a purchase for – I’m trying to think of an example – like Mulan, this last Mulan, you could buy it on Disney+. That is also counted under this category. So, it’s a really big category. It’s our biggest category now in residuals.

And so I wanted to break that out. I actually had to get some clarification from the guild exactly what is covered in that check and what’s not. It’s probably a mislabeled category.

**Craig:** Yeah. And if you could choose, if you could pick up a phone and call somebody who is contemplating purchasing Aladdin in one form or another, and tell them what would be best for us it would be for them to rent it.

**John:** Yup.

**Craig:** Because our rental rate for Internet is our best residual rate. Period. The end.

**John:** It is. So if your kid wants to watch Aladdin five times–

**Craig:** Rent it five times.

**John:** Realistically, five times pays me a lot more money than if you’re buying it once. But you do you. But just if you want to pay me that.

**Craig:** Renting it once may pay as much as buying it once. It’s a lot more.

**John:** Yeah. It’s a lot.

So, it’s an interesting case right now where some of these movies like Mulan or Raya and the Last Dragon will be another situation like this where they were designed for theatrical but now they’re being released both online and theatrically and sort of this premium video on demand.

Normally we would get no money for that theatrical release. Like as a screenwriter we don’t get paid anything for that, but we will get money for – it’s animation, so it’s sort of a weird – don’t count Raya and the Last Dragon. But Mulan with is live action, we do get money for that. And so it’s a case where the screenwriter actually is coming out a little bit ahead because it’s debuting in both markets.

**Craig:** Yeah, I mean, the calculus that we – I don’t know how you even perform this.

**John:** It’s so tough.

**Craig:** The theatrical release is the best possibly advertisement for the ancillary market afterwards. If there is no theatrical release are as many people going to purchase or rent it as otherwise would? I have to think yes. I have to think that the combination of people who are generally interested and the combination of people who didn’t have an opportunity to see it otherwise in the theater all together would – should – hopefully equal or exceed the theoretical larger audience that would have been driven by a big theatrical experience.

**John:** Yeah. So the natural sort of final question here is because Aladdin is a Disney+ only feature, like you can only now see it on Disney+. You can buy it through iTunes but you can’t see it on Netflix or anywhere else, it’s Disney charging Disney+ a license fee for it. And so like how is that a fair negotiation? How do you know that they are actually going to be paying a fair amount considering it really is self-dealing? And that is just complicated.

And so the guilds will try to find comparable pictures and they’ll argue over where that money is, but that’s going to be a thing we need to watch year-after-year to figure out how we’re going to fairly calculate this price when it’s not available on the open market.

**Craig:** Yeah. And that is an area where we may be able to follow some high profile private legal actions. There were a spate of these in the ‘90s where people who had made television shows for say 20th Television, like Steven Bochco, then said well hold on a second. Fox is now running old episodes of whatever, Hill Street Blues or something, and they’re not paying the market price for syndication. They’re basically making a sweetheart deal with themselves and thus my income is being reduced because I get a percentage of that.

So there were some huge lawsuits and I believe the settlements were such that naturally, yes, they were sweetheart self-dealing. If that continues in this new world I can definitely see some pretty high profile people who are making money off of the streaming side from residuals going after these places and helping to define how a fair market price is defined. And then perhaps the guild can kind of draft behind that.

**John:** Absolutely. That would be the hope. And that’s the thing that would ultimately come into an AMPTP negotiation probably. Finding some system for how we’re going to do that. Because at a certain point there won’t be comps anymore. There won’t be comparable pictures to even look up and say oh that’s like this movie. When everything is made for a streamer there really are no comps. Or everything is made for Disney, then Disney+, it’s hard to figure out what the fair market value of that picture would be.

**Craig:** Yeah. We don’t even know how reliable the data is at this point. Every Netflix show is the most watched Netflix show ever. Have you noticed this? [laughs]

**John:** Uh-huh.

**Craig:** Literally every single one they can just stop and go this new show is the most watched Netflix show of all time. And I’m like but there was just one last week that was the most watched. They just make it up.

**John:** They do.

**Craig:** Yeah.

**John:** Back in Episode 487 we talked about assistant pay. A listener wrote in to say, “I want to point out that a couple of the agencies only raised or reinstated pay after they fired a large number of assistants early on in the pandemic.” And so it links to ICM and UTA who both raised salaries but had also done layoffs earlier on. So the listener says, “They claim to be paying more now, but likely their overall costs have remained the same for those support staff places.”

Yes, I think that’s actually probably true. And a thing that’s going to be not just even the film and television industry, but sort of like nationwide, it’s going to be interesting to see as we come out of this pandemic whether a lot of support staff positions just don’t exist after the pandemic.

**Craig:** I think this is actually possibly OK. First of all, there’s a big difference between firing and laying off. When you lay people off that means you’re eliminating the job itself. Firing is I don’t want you doing this job. I’m going to hire somebody else to do it. Laying off is I’m eliminating the job.

But let’s talk this out for a second, listener. What you don’t want is for them to say, “Look, the way we look at assistant pay is on the aggregate. So we’re going to spend more on assistants, but we’re going to hire a lot more – we’re going to create new assistant positions,” so that number gets watered down over lots and lots of people.

If there’s a contraction to justify the increase in wages, OK, like you’re saying. Maybe their overall costs are constant. They laid a bunch of people off. They raised the salary of the remaining people. I think this is probably good because in general the arc of these things is to grow. These companies are designed to grow, not contract. And every time you set that number higher the chances that it stays that way as it expands go way, way up.

So, while in the short term this may feel like a wash, I think heading into the future it bodes well that there is an established number. And that established number also informs how their competitors pay. Everybody theoretically starts to rise with the tide.

**John:** I agree with you there.

All right, we talked a couple times about the eight sequence structure. We made fun of it originally, then we had some clarification on it. Gregory wrote in this last week with some more context about what he learned from Frank Daniel who later on became dean of the USC film school. And so Gregory says that Frank used to talk about acts in move emerging from the viewer’s experience of watching the movie. And that’s actually why I put this in here, because I think this is kind of cool.

Daniel would talk about how at a certain point fairly early on in watching a movie you as the viewer come to understand what the whole movie is going to be about and what the main tension is going to be. For Frank that was at the end of act one. At a later point you finally realize how the movie is going to end, and what the climax will be. And for Frank that was the end of act two. So then you know you’re in act three when you had a feeling or sense that you were moving really to the ending or a climax.

So, what he’s describing is really kind of from the viewer’s perspective and it doesn’t sound as gross and formulaic as what we made fun of before. Gregory says that his recollection of the eight structure was that “Frank wasn’t teaching it as a formula, but more of an approach to screen storytelling that had emerged from the early days of 35mm filmmaking, which when you think about it,” we haven’t talked about this on the show I don’t think is that movies used to come in reels. And so there were blocks of about 15 to 20 minutes and that was a reel of film. And you’d have to splice them all together to form a print that you were actually sending out to places.

And so even when you and I were first starting in the business they still talked about reels. And they still talked in editing about reels. And it was just like a chunk of time. And probably that idea of an eight sequence structure really came from the mechanics of how movies used to physically kind of work. And that it sort of carried on through there. But Gregory is saying that even this guy who was teaching eight sequence structure was really teaching it more as like an historical artifact and a way of teaching rather than a way of this is how you should write a script.

**Craig:** Well, I read this and I don’t know – I didn’t go to USC, or any film school, and I don’t know who Frank Daniel is. I looked him up. I don’t think he himself was a professional writer, although I could be totally wrong about this. Like I said, I’m not aware of him. But this also does sound like an analysis aspect. It’s a point of view of the movie has been written, then shot, and then edited, and then presented. And now I am talking about how I’m experiencing it. And so it, too, feels vaguely like a critical point of view rather than a creative point of view.

But I started talking about this with my associate here at work, Bo Shim, and she started to say something that I thought because she went to NYU and she went through these programs and did experience this. And so she started saying something and I’m like, wait, stop, you’re coming on the show. So, Bo, welcome aboard.

**Bo Shim:** Hello.

**Craig:** Hi. OK, so you had a reaction when we were talking about, or we started to talk about this eight sequence structure. And correct me if I’m wrong, when you were at NYU this was something that was taught to you.

**Bo:** Not exactly like the eight sequence structure or whatever, but I think every film school probably teaches you a certain structure or formula or something to follow to that extent.

**Craig:** And what was your feeling about it?

**Bo:** I think looking back I feel like maybe it hindered my process a little bit just because at least for me it was sort of distracting me from thinking about characters and having characters actually behave like real people. And it was just so much focus on hitting certain points in the plot and I really felt like I had to ingrain this in my system because, well first of all you’re young and you’re impressionable and you’re at a place that’s supposed to teach you everything there is to know about screenwriting. And so you’re like, OK, well I have to really digest this and make this part of my writing process.

But I don’t know. My brain just never latched onto it. It was just like not getting it. And I would never have the right answers for when people were like when does this happen at exactly this point in the structure. And I thought I don’t know.

So, for me I don’t know that having this formula or trying to look at it from breaking it down in a scientific way or whatever didn’t quite work for me. The biggest relief was when someone just finally said it’s just a beginning, middle, and end. That’s really it.

**Craig:** Yeah.

**John:** And so, Bo, you went through film school much more recently than anyone else on this call. So, when you’re talking about eight sequence structure or structure in general was it at the beginning of your screenwriting class, or pretty late into your screenwriting class? Because I wonder if in some cases we’re trying to teach structure before we’ve even gotten to the mechanics of like how scenes work and how characters work and conflict. Where was it in the sequence for you?

**Bo:** Definitely I think early on, probably like Screenwriting 101, like the first year or two. That’s where they I think try to teach you the structure. And I get it because it’s partly like you have to know the rules to know how to break the rules and all those things. And you have to start somewhere, especially because it’s in an educational setting. So, it get it. But I feel like that thing never really left. That feeling of having to have the structure and conform to it.

And it’s also confusing because you learn about structure but then you go and watch an art house film and you’re like this doesn’t line up either. So, I don’t know. Yeah.

**Craig:** It’s understandable the way Gregory is putting it here that here’s the guy who is the dean of the USC film school and he’s saying, “Look, this is generally speaking how I think about movies when I watch them in terms of their structure after it has been created.” But it really is vaguely about beginning, middle, and end. And it’s not a hard and set formula and all that.

The problem is that you have students who are going to school. And they have been trained since five years old how to learn. Schools have trained them how to learn. And the way you learn is the teacher gives you rules and you follow the rules and you get an A. Even down to essay writing. Theme. Example. Example. Example. Conclusion.

**John:** Oh my god, when I have to read a five paragraph essay and it’s following a strict formula it’s just so painful to read.

**Craig:** It’s brutal. Because it is a dead thing. And so even if they are saying these things, the fact that they are teaching them they have to know on some level that the students are going to do what they think they’re being asked to do. Because there’s going to be a test. And if you’re testing them you’ve already failed as far as I’m concerned.

And there’s something, you know, as you’re talking about it Bo I think you’re touching on this interesting pedagogical aspect of all this which is they’re a school. They’ve got to teach you something. But secretly surely in some small smoke-filled backroom at all these places they must be admitting to each other that they have no idea what to teach because maybe this isn’t exactly teachable in a school setting, which would be very upsetting to all the people paying the insane tuition for it all.

Well thank you. That is a good perspective to have. I wasn’t thinking about it from that point of view.

**John:** Yeah. Thanks Bo.

**Bo:** Thank you.

**Craig:** Thanks.

**John:** I was just on a Zoom today talking through some stuff at USC Film School and sort of thinking about the future of sort of teaching film and teaching filmmaking. And one of the things I did really appreciate about what Gregory was describing here is that I do like that it’s focused on what the reader or viewer is going to get out of it. And it reminds me like when I went through journalism school we were taught news format and it’s just as painful as five-paragraph essays or classic screen structure where you’re hitting these beats and having do these things in a pyramid structure. But then when you go on to magazine writing it’s just like, no, it’s totally different. And it’s very much about what is the reader expecting and how do you build in the surprises and let the reader know sort of what’s going on.

It feels like that. It’s understanding that a person is going to be having an experience watching this thing, or reading this thing, and you want them to feel comfortable and then feel surprise and sort of know where it’s going and have a sense of where they are in the story. And that is another way of looking at structure.

We always talk about structure as sort of when things happen, and it’s when you want the reader or viewer to understand how this is going to resolve.

**Craig:** Yeah. Maybe why I think I probably get so grouchy about these things is that there are a lot of people who are teaching it and there are a lot of people who are learning it. All I know empirically is that I’ve written a whole lot of movies, and some television, and I’ve never once known about this, or thought about this. Nor was I taught it.

So I have empirical evidence that it is unnecessary. That’s probably at the root. Other than my genetic grumpiness, that’s at the root of my grumpiness.

**John:** But you know who else is grumpy?

**Craig:** Segue Man.

**John:** This is something, my friend Dustin sent me this link. This is Zak Jason who is writing for Wired.

**Craig:** I read this. This is great.

**John:** He’s writing about how in Emily in Paris “the camera lingers on a shot of her screen long enough to make clear there are no previous messages in her thread. It’s surely not creator Darren Star’s intention, but viewers are led to believe, sacre bleu, that ‘Hey, how is Paris?’ is the first text she’s ever received from her long-term boyfriend.”

And Dustin’s question for me was like well whose responsibility was it to get that text screen to look just right or to decide that there would be no other texts on it, and the answer is it’s kind of everyone and no one’s decision. It’s the director, but it’s also the editor. It’s when you decided to do this thing. And we’re still figuring out how are you even going to show text messages on screen reliably. Apparently Emily in Paris does it multiple ways.

So, I just thought it was an interesting observation and it’s something that has kind of driven me crazy, but I’ve never actually commented on it before.

**Craig:** Yeah. It is ridiculous. And I understand and Zak Jason points out he understands, too, why they do this, because they don’t want the viewer to be distracted by prior messages in a text thread. I understand that.

But this, first of all, I think it is the responsibility of either the art department or the VFX department to talk to the writer about filling that screen. And I really love Zak’s point that there is an opportunity in the prior texts to drop little hints or deliver things for the careful audience that loves to kind of screenshot and share and discuss on the Internet.

You can also kind of cheat a little bit by filling some of that with just a silly back and forth emoji thing, or a gif. You know, gifs are a little tricky because of clearance, but there could be just four emojis in a row where people are having a little emoji fight. Whatever it is. You don’t have to just blast it all with text.

But it’s not a bad idea to think through this because it is stupid. Nobody is receiving a text from the first time from anybody that matters ever in a show unless it’s literally someone you just gave your number to.

**John:** Yeah. And so it is not – when you are first writing the script you are not going to include everything else that’s on that screen. You’re just going to include the thing. But it’s in the context of everything else. Just like how in a script if you’re in a bedroom you’ll single out the bed if it’s important, but you’re not going to list everything that’s in the room because that’s just not a screenwriter’s job especially at that stage of the thing. You have to really choose what you’re going to focus on. But that stuff around it is important.

So I think back to you talk about the art director’s job. The production designer for Charlie and the Chocolate Factory was Alex McDowell and he emailed me, god, I guess it was an email, but it felt even early for email days, to ask, “OK, I’m designing this wall that has all of the headlines and clippings about Willy Wonka. And here are some things that I’m thinking about doing. Rewrite anything you want and we’ll create everything.” And that was terrific and I actually could fill in some backstory there because I had that choice of like, OK, the camera is going to pan across this. We can see some stuff. We can actually gather some information.

And that really feels like that’s what this text screen should be.

**Craig:** Yeah, I mean, it’s an opportunity. We will get these requests all the time when we’re doing things. If there’s something, like there’s a report that Legasov is reading in Chernobyl. So what should be in that report? Well, you know, I wrote some stuff and then we translated it. Because if anyone is going to stop and read that in Russian I want it to be a thing. I don’t want it to not be a thing.

There’s a wonderful, I think it’s called Not a Crossword. I think it’s @notacrossword on Twitter. So basically – because we are the fussiest of all people, the crosswords people – there’s this rash, this epidemic of crosswords in movies and TV shows, including some TV shows about crosswords, and they are not crosswords. Crosswords follow very specific conventions. Like no unchecked squares. And rotational symmetry. And you’ll just find these things that are like what the hell is that. And also sometimes they’re half filled-in and some of the things aren’t even words. They’re just putting letters in because they think no one will notice.

It’s awful. And it’s not hard to do it right. Just do it right.

**John:** Yeah. And I know we’ve complained about this on the show before, but it’s 2021 and I just feel like we have to resolve this problem. If an actor is carrying a cup of coffee in a scene, like a Starbucks cup of coffee, there needs to be something in it. Because Meryl Street could not carry an empty cup and convincingly let me believe that there is actually hot liquid inside there.

The only thing worse than that is when they have a tray of coffee that they’re theoretically carrying and it’s almost impossible. Megana was pointing out on Zoom she thought she had some sort of motor deficiency because she can’t do this thing that she sees being done all the time on television.

**Craig:** Where you wave your hand around with these tray of four coffees in it as if they won’t all go flying out?

**John:** And it’s just not a possible thing.

**Craig:** No. I hate it.

**John:** There are solutions to this. I’ve read about prop designers who have these sealed liquid things that can go in there so it has the weight and the slushiness of coffee and won’t make noise. We can do this. We can do it. Just the same way that paper bags in movies are now made of cloth so you don’t hear the rattling. It looks like a paper bag but it’s not actually paper.

We can do this. We can solve this problem. Let’s just all decide as an industry that we’re no longer going to let empty paper cups be shown on screen.

**Craig:** I mean, as simple as just take something with weight and glue it to the bottom of the inside of the cup and then put the lid on it so that there is weight. That’s all. If you can’t demonstrate the shifting factor of the weight, at least put some weight in there. Because it’s so dumb.

And also we have to teach actors how to fake drink coffee. It’s just – they can’t do it. It’s so weird.

**John:** Yeah. You’re an actor, Craig. So maybe you can start some classes.

**Craig:** Well, here’s the thing. My acting is so focused. [laughs]

**John:** That’s true. Absolutely.

**Craig:** I don’t spread my gifts around, so I can really focus.

**John:** Uh-huh. All right. We already brought up her name, but now it’s time to welcome Megana Rao, our producer on, because we have a whole ton of questions and she’s the only one who can actually ask these questions properly.

**Craig:** Of course.

**John:** Megana, welcome to the show.

**Megana Rao:** Hi guys.

**John:** Hi. Do you have your coffee in hand? Because there’s a lot of questions to get through.

**Craig:** Empty cup?

**Megana:** Yes, exactly. This is why representation matters.

**Craig:** Right. You’re representing the people that drink coffee that actually is coffee.

**John:** Get us started. We have a bunch here.

**Megana:** All right, so Tao in Paris writes, “I would like to hear what you guys have to say about voluntary awkwardness, both in comedy like The Office, and in drama like Requiem for a Dream or Black Mirror. It can sometimes be funny in a way but more often than not it’s sad and filled with pathos and personally makes me feel terrible. My levels of empathy, I’m hyper-sensitive, make me feel like I’m actually in the room when Anne Hathaway gives her terrible speech in Rachel Getting Married.

“I have a feeling that this fear I have for those situations in fiction as well as in real life could hurt my writing if I unconsciously shy away from them. How do you guys feel about this and how would you use those scenes?”

**Craig:** That’s interesting.

**John:** Yeah, Tao, that’s a good question. And a couple different ways I can approach this. First off, you have that natural instinct of you want to protect the characters you’re writing because you love them, so you want to protect them. And you have to get past that need to protect them because your job as the cruel god who is the screenwriter is to put them in bad situations so they can struggle and then flourish and hopefully succeed.

But you’re also aware that there’s kind of a contract with the audience you’re making. There are some things that I have a hard time watching because I just cannot stand to feel this cringey feeling of watching this character flounder and fail and sometimes you just haven’t signed on for that kind of moment.

And yet some of the iconic moments that I just love so much are those kind of moments. I think of Jon Favreau leaving the voicemail messages in Swingers which is just the cringiest thing possible and it’s delightful. So, I get it. I understand your fear. But you’re going to need to push past that if you’re writing the kind of story where this moment can really sing.

**Craig:** And that’s the if, right? I mean, because there’s nothing wrong, Tao, which being the sort of person that just doesn’t want to write that stuff. The reason we cringe at those things are we are seeing something that is shameful. And we know what that feels like. In that regard it is similar to watching a horror movie where someone is being stabbed. It’s the same kind of thing. We’re experiencing pain with them or fear with them.

Well there are a lot of people that don’t want to watch scenes like that of people being in physical pain. So it’s not surprising that there are also people that don’t want to watch scenes of people being in emotional pain or social pain I guess I would call it.

And if you don’t like it, don’t write it. You are not required to write that at all. There’s tons of stuff that does not rely on that. And I personally am not, you know, I’ve done some cringey stuff, but it’s not like my focus.

**John:** Yeah. And I think back to when you were doing the spoof comedies, in a weird way it’s kind of not cringey because the characters aren’t even aware that they are–

**Craig:** They’re so stupid.

**John:** That it’s shameful.

**Craig:** Or if they acknowledge it, it is acknowledged briefly and then forgotten instantly, which is something that David and Jim and Jerry did beautifully in Airplane! They kind of invented this mode of somebody doing something outrageous, then looking to the side, shaking their head like you know what that didn’t happen, and then moving on and it’s forgotten.

Whereas in The Office the power of those moments is when the camera doesn’t look away.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** So it just stays with somebody as they soak in their own shame. And in that regard it’s a little bit like – there was a movie in the ‘80s called Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer, and it’s a terrifying horror film based on real life serial killers. And there’s a scene where they go into a family’s house and they have one of those old, the old ‘80s style of shoulder cams, you know, the big cameras. And they put it down on a chair, so it’s sideways. And then they go about killing these people. And the camera you understand is no longer being held.

It’s stuck on a chair sideways. And so you know it’s not going to move. And you know it’s not going to change anything and it’s awful. Well that’s kind of the comedy version. To me it’s like comedy horror is cringe stuff. And if you don’t like it don’t do it.

**John:** Yeah. So, I was looking at some examples of cringey stuff. And so Borat is a great example of that in that Borat and his daughter in the case of this they are sort of like spoof characters. They don’t feel any shame at all. And everyone else around them they’re like oh my god I feel so bad for these people around them who are sort of caught up in this.

Curb Your Enthusiasm, Larry David is putting himself at the center of this cringe. He’s doing the horrible, embarrassing things and it’s just painful to watch because the camera is just lingering there. Same with Nathan for You. Although in Nathan for You Nathan Fielder seems to be oblivious to how cringey he’s making it for everybody else.

A show I really love and I think I’ve talked about on the podcast is Pen15 which manages to split the difference of having really relatable, likeable characters who although they do terrible, cringey things we still have deep empathy and love for them because it feels honest and real. And that’s a crucial distinction.

**Craig:** Yeah. I will always go back to the UK Office for just in my mind escalating cringe to a different level. And I love it. I loved it. I think it created a trend in its wake that maybe has gone a bit too far. But I’d never seen anything quite like it. And in that sense I was – it was like watching The Exorcist. I had never seen anything like The Exorcist. It completely screwed up my head. I’m traumatized. I will always be traumatized by The Exorcist.

But, of course, following The Exorcist were 4,000 very bad Exorcist rip-offs that had no impact on me whatsoever. So, yeah, you’re good Tao. You’re good.

**John:** Yeah. You’re good. Megana, help us out with another question.

**Megana:** OK, so Cade in Salt Lake City writes, “You talked about the difficulty of portraying the GameStop story because it mostly occurred online. As events occur less in person and more in the digital realm how will this change movies and television going forward? If you had to portray an online event, for example a Reddit board, how would you go about doing that?”

**John:** Great question. And we’ll soon see the results because I’m going to put a link in the show notes to Chris Lee has this piece for Vulture about the nine different GameStop projects in development.

**Craig:** Oh my god. [laughs]

**John:** So it just keeps escalating and there’s more and more and more.

**Craig:** Oh, this is why there should just be one week called GameStop Week where they all just come out. How about that?

**John:** And notably he talked to a bunch of people involved and everyone keeps going back to The Big Short as a reference for sort of how to do it. Great, that’s an approach.

So let’s talk about this bigger issue of how do you portray a story when these people are not in a room together. You have characters who are not interacting in a natural way. Craig, you went though some of this with Chernobyl because you had to in some cases invent a character who was a composite, or was able to be in rooms with people even though her role would have actually been diffused among many, many other people.

**Craig:** Yeah. But all those people were in those rooms. So everything was taking place in reality. It is tricky to capture the action of something like a Reddit board. The back and forth text-only response/reply, threading, up-voting, down-voting, all that stuff is very experiential and in the moment. It’s all based entirely in the text as it goes by. It doesn’t have much of an expiration date on it. It’s really about the moment. I have to say this is one area, Cade, where I feel like John and I – and I don’t want to speak for John on the podcast, I’ll speak for myself. I may be too old to see how it is going to work. That there are people right now growing up inside of it who are going to invent the way to narratively express this and therefore connect with the people who grew up with it as well.

Sometimes that’s what kind of has to happen. I don’t know if I would ever have a new or exciting way to do this. I would probably just do what most people my age would do which would be to ask these simple questions – who are the interesting characters involved? How can I see their real life away from the Reddit board? How can I understand how they got to where they are? Show me their spouse. Show me their kids. Tell me their history. Let me see the impact of the ups and downs in their real life. Real life. Real life. Real life. And just sort of ignore the Reddit board.

But I feel like maybe younger writers would know how to shoot that war. Because it’s kind of like a little war.

**John:** Yeah. So we have gotten better at being able to show things happening onscreen and how they impact real life. And be able to follow cinematic storytelling that’s happening only onscreen. So we have limited examples, but some good examples of just like, hey, you have to watch the whole screen to sort of see what’s happening. And we can do it. How you really convincingly get that to work on paper is still challenging. And how the screenwriter does some of that stuff is challenging. But I agree there’s probably a generation who is going to figure out that as both the cinematic grammar and the narrative grammar for how we’re doing that.

But the larger issue of like what is the story we’re telling is a little bit more classic. And we have to figure out are we telling the story from the beginning to the end. Or are we sort of breaking it into little pods and letting each separate storyline play out? Does it really want to be a two-hour experience that’s all watched in one sitting, or is it a kind of cumulative impact the way that a lot of our streaming series are where things build on itself and it can loop back. And there are connections being made between episodes that wouldn’t work the same way in a strict narrative feature.

All these things are possible and the reason why different versions of this story may be successful is because they’re figuring out the right way to make that happen. I go back to Argo. Argo has very separate storylines of the Hollywood people trying to figure out how to do this thing and the actual hostage situation. They ultimately crossover, but you are intercutting between these two things and sort of disconnected stories. And there may be a way to do that in this that feels appropriate. Just finding out what are the thematic handoffs between them that are going to make it feel like you’re really in the same narrative universe.

**Craig:** Yeah. I mean, maybe there’s a version of this where you just don’t bother being realistic about it. You just grab what is exciting or dramatic about the flow of a Reddit board, just create a space, a room, and put a whole bunch of people in it who we understand aren’t really there and have them just start yelling at each other.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** Or agreeing with each other.

**John:** Like Mr. Robot does a really good job with onscreen stuff. And yet it mostly puts people in rooms talking.

**Craig:** There you go. What’s next, Megana? I can’t wait.

**Megana:** OK, great. Well, so Perry asks, “My question is about the difference between selling and optioning a script. I recently completed my first feature length spec and I’m fortunate to know several high profile writers and directors who have offered to help me traffic it into the right hands. I’m beginning to meet with top agencies about representation and I’m being told to expect it to sell fast. But my goal is not to sell my scripts but also to produce them and eventually to direct. I’m interested in participating in the filmmaking process beyond the script stage.

“A friend has told me that in that case it’s better to option the script so that I remain attached. Whereas with a sale you’re essentially reneging your stake in the outcome of the film? What’s the deal? How do you propose I move forward when I’m meeting with these agencies?”

**John:** OK, so I’m hearing two very different questions.

**Craig:** Yeah.

**John:** I’m hearing the difference between a sale and an option which we should just define because not everyone listening to this will know the difference between a sale and an option. And then we need to talk about Perry and his excitement about what’s happening, because I’m excited for Perry but I’m also wanting to – I don’t want to poke any balloons. I want to sort of–

**Craig:** I want to come him down a little bit. Or her. I don’t know if Perry is a boy or a girl, but yeah, Perry is getting a little excited here and I want to be the old wet blanket. I have no problem doing that.

**John:** Yeah. We both – I think we are getting the exact same sense. We’re like, oh, no, no, no.

**Craig:** Slow your roll.

**John:** Temper. But let’s talk about sale versus option because this is a crucial fundamental thing that people need to understand. So, Craig, can you talk us the difference between a literary sale of a spec script and an option?

**Craig:** Yeah. Sale basically says I’m going to take money from you and you now have the copyright to this work. It doesn’t matter that I wrote it. Now it’s yours. If it’s a book that they’re not directly turning to film but have to adapt then they are buying the film rights they’re saying. And typically those are expressed as this. I give you this money and then I have the right, the exclusive right, to make a film of this book for perpetuity throughout the known universe. It literally says dumb crap like that. Sometimes you can make a rights sale that is based on a cycle where it actually has an end date. And then the rights revert back to you.

An option is basically the right to represent literary material for sale exclusively. So, for instance, a producer says I’m optioning your novel. Or I’m optioning your screenplay. That means that I’m the only person who can broker a sale of this material to a buyer. I am attached to it. I am part of this project. We develop it. So typically if you’re developing something together then you want to say, look, you can’t just go off and marry somebody else. We are now engaged I guess is how I’d put it.

But you have not yet actually done the sale. And options are typically bounded by time periods. I have an option for a year. So I’m the producer of this for the next year, unless I can’t sell it, at which point you have the option to make another option, or go our separate ways.

**John:** Yeah. And so if you’re writing an original piece of material and someone is buying it, they could be buying it outright, which is an outright sale. Or very likely it is an option. And generally in that option price there’s also a bullet point that says we can at any time choose to buy out all the rights for this set amount of money.

**Craig:** Right.

**John:** Which is useful. So in the case of Big Fish, Sony optioned the underlying book. I wrote the script. And when it came time to make the movie they said, oh great, now we will pick up the option, which is basically buying out the rest of the rights that they needed to buy out. And they already had a predefined purchase price to do that. They could send over a check and they owned all the underlying rights to it.

**Craig:** It’s like a down payment almost.

**John:** Absolutely. Now, Perry, the person optioning versus buying outright your script, I don’t know that you generally have more leverage – and people can write in if they’ve had different experience with this – but I would say I don’t think you necessarily have more leverage to be attached to direct or not in an option agreement versus a sale agreement. I don’t think those are necessarily strongly correlated.

Here’s a way to think about it. The bigger the check they’re having to write to buy this thing, the less likely they are to say, “Oh, yes, we’re going to take a chance on you, potentially a first time director, to do this thing.” That’s not as likely to happen.

So, the amount of money involved may make them more apt to pushing you aside I guess. But there’s nothing inherent about an option versus a sale that makes you more likely to be attached to direct it.

**Craig:** I think your friend has got it backwards. My feeling is that you will never have more leverage than when you have a full screenplay that they want to purchase. At that point you can ask for all sorts of stuff. You may not get it. And they may also say, well, if you’re going to be the director we’re not going to pay you as much as we would if you would agree to not be the director.

But that will be more leverage because the script is done. If you’re working on the script, or you’re still continuing, the option just means that whoever just optioned it they have the right to purchase it when they so desire. And I don’t know how that gets you more leverage. I mean, maybe you have that with the producer. The producer when buying it is saying that you have to be the director. But then you’re right back in the same box as you would be when you have to sell the script to somebody else. Because the producer is not going to be financing the film. They’re going to be selling it, again. Right? They’re going to sell it because Warner Bros is going to need to own it. Not the producer who has optioned it.

**John:** In the case of an indie maybe that original producer is going to really be the person, but in most of the standards we’re talking about they’re going to sell it onto some other entity. And so they need their paperwork clear for that.

The only spec script I’ve ever sold actually is Go, my first thing that was produced. And in that case I said, no, I want to be attached as a producer, and they were like great. And so I didn’t well it for a lot of money, but I stayed on as a producer and they were true to their word and I learned a lot about it. And I think, Perry, that may honestly be what you should be looking for.

Let’s say the opportunity does come up for you to sell this script. It sounds like what you want to be doing is not trying to optimize for the most cash dollars sale, but for the buyer or optioner who is committing to keeping you as involved as possible because it sounds like that’s more important to you than the money.

**Craig:** Yeah. I mean, you have a script and lots of people want it, then they’re going to be willing to play ball with you. And if you want to be the producer don’t option it to somebody. Be the producer.

**John:** So, Craig, now it’s time for us to talk about why Perry is getting ahead of himself on some of his thinking.

**Craig:** A few red flags here. So, as we hear these questions, just because Perry we are old dogs. We’ve been around awhile. So there are a bunch of red flags that pop up.

Red flag number one. “I know several high profile writers and directors who have offered to help me traffic it into the right hands.” Or they just said that.

Two. “I’m beginning to meet with top agencies.” Don’t say top agencies. It’s weird. This is not a time to be kind of braggy and oversell-y. Just agencies. I got to be honest with you. A top agency, OK, CAA is a top agency. If you get assigned a junior agent at CAA who has just come off someone’s desk it’s not as good as having the partner agent at a smaller agency. It’s just not.

You’re not represented yet. You’re beginning to meet about representation. And then biggest red flag of all. “I’m being told to expect to sell it fast.” Yeah, that’s kind of what they say.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** You know, the Hollywood cliché of everybody talking fast and making big promises and yada-yada- yeah-yeah-yeah. You want to be a pessimist. You don’t want to be a pointless pessimist. You don’t want to be a downer or a self-defeater, but you do want to be somebody who is at least skeptical. And who absorbs the reality of the odds. People lose these things the day before they’re supposed to happen. There are deal that fall apart seconds before you would have signed the deal.

**John:** Mm-hmm.

**Craig:** You are not represented by anyone until you are. No one has sent the script to the right people until they have. And it has definitely not sold until it does. People would say to me when I was writing a script early in my career like, “Do you think it’s going to get made?” And I’m like, well, it’s green lit. But I’ll believe it when I’m at the premiere. This is literally what I would say. Because there’s a thousand ways for things to just not happen.

Take a couple hours, Perry, if you can, my advice, and watch a documentary called Overnight. Because it is the most vivid cautionary tale about exuberance in this business.

**John:** And it is an example of cringe.

**Craig:** Oh yeah.

**John:** Like we talked about earlier on this episode. Because you watch this guy making these choices and everyone is telling him certain things and you just know it’s not going to go that way. And it becomes really uncomfortable when it doesn’t go that way.

So, absolutely worth watching. The other thing I want to stress is that there’s a range of success that’s not like, oh, you sold it for a ton of money, or it’s going to sell fast. It may not sell. But if you’ve written a script that people are excited about and people are reading and are passing around you will get meetings out of this and you will get other work. And that seems to be your overall goal. So, just – to sell this would be fantastic, but there’s a lot of success short of selling it where you’re getting into these rooms and getting the opportunity to pitch on projects and make relationships. That should really be your goal. So, make sure you’re keeping that range of success open there for yourself.

**Craig:** We did an episode a while back about professionalism, what it means to be professional. And I still believe that in the long run you are better served by being a bit more restrained about how things are going. Because there are a lot of people that talk in a big way and there are so few that deliver.

And if you deliver you don’t need to talk in a big way. And you will be respected that much more for not kind of telling people how well it’s going. And we don’t mean to pick on you. I’m sure you’re a great guy or a great lady. 100%. You’re just sort of maybe trying to let us know that this is real. And maybe sometimes that’s all you need to say.

Just be careful. We’re not scolding you because we think you’ve done something wrong. We’re actually more like parents who are scared about their kid who is playing a little too close to traffic. So, just be careful, because everyone is constantly telling you how wonderful everything is and how great it’s going to be until they stop. It’s really precarious out there.

**John:** Yeah. Now Megana I’m looking at the list and Kevin has a question here that I feel is right on topic here. So maybe let’s get to Kevin’s question and sort of wrap up this selling success kind of thing.

**Megana:** Great. Kevin wrote in and said, “I’m in a weird situation with my agents and could use some help. I recently sold my first spec pilot to a big streamer. The pilot has a highly respected producer and director attached. I couldn’t be more excited. I’ve simultaneously been developing another TV project at a very small production company. The company belongs to an actress and doesn’t have many big projects under its belt.

“The actress isn’t a superstar, but she’s not an unknown either. The company wants to pitch the project in a few months. Now that my spec has sold my agents at one of the big three want me to kill the second project. Their reasons are they don’t think it will sell and are scared I’ll lose momentum coming off the spec sale. They don’t believe the actress’s production company is a meaningful attachment. The project is different in tone than what I usually write. And they want me to develop other projects more in line with my spec sale.

“My question for you is are they right to tell me to kill the project? It’s relatively early in my relationship with these agents. And I started developing the pitch before I signed with them. Am I risking alienating them?”

**John:** And I’ve known people who have been in exactly Kevin’s situation. Where they have this heat here, but they still have these older projects that are lingering. My instinct is to listen to your agents, because they do have a sense of things, but to keep doing the project with the actress if you truly love and believe in the project.

If you’re sort of iffy on it, then this might be a good time to say goodbye to that project. Craig, what’s your instinct at what Kevin is describing?

**Craig:** Exactly in line with yours. I think that, well, you’ve got to ask yourself a really honest question Kevin. When you started working on this other project were you doing it in part because you were in kind of got to do anything and everything mode? And were you attracted to the notion of working with somebody who is at least a known quantity that would feel like maybe it was a thing. Because if those were the big drivers as opposed to the actual material itself your agents are absolutely right.

I’m not – look, they’re going to always try and get you to basically write spec sale part two, because they love certainty, and that’s not great advice. Develop other projects more in line with your spec sale is a pretty broad category. So, you know, I understand that. Different in tone, well, you know, these days I think if you can do – if you can pitch lefty and righty, or hit lefty and righty go for it.

But I think the big one is they don’t believe the actress’s production company is a meaningful attachment. That’s just probably a fact. There are a lot of actors and actresses who have very small production companies just because literally anyone who can afford a business card can be a production company. And a lot of times they are themselves hustling just as hard as you’re hustling and you don’t even realize it.

If you do have momentum coming off the spec sale and it’s the kind of thing that you should maybe be steering into and this is going to distract you, they’re right. I wouldn’t worry so much about their feelings.

**John:** No. Don’t worry about the agents’ feelings.

**Craig:** Yeah. They’re not your friends anyway. They’re your agents. It’s different. You know, maybe one day you get to friendship with your agent, but not right now. Right now it’s just maybe they’ve got their eye on the ball on this one.

**John:** So here’s a thing that gets buried in the second sentence of your question but I think it’s actually the most important part of this question. “I originally sold my first spec pilot to a big streamer. There’s a producer and a director attached.” You’re theoretically going to make that show. That should be a huge portion of your life going forward. And you shouldn’t be banking on that show is going to happen, but if it’s going to be your first thing you’re going to learn how to do this show.

And what’s important for you to understand is, yes, your agency wants that show to happen, but they also want to just keep you working because they want more money coming in the door. They don’t have a big vested interest in you gaining the experience to run a show and do that stuff. You’ve got to prioritize that for yourself because that’s going to put you ahead. But that’s not going to generate extra dollars for them. You doing a really great job running that job doesn’t help them so much. So, you have to prioritize that for yourself.

**Craig:** Agents are good at some things. I give them a lot of crap but I have agents for reasons. I don’t think agents are particularly good judges of quality of material. I don’t. I don’t think, by the way, almost anyone is. But if an agent says, “My perspective on this particular actor or actress’s desirability and factorness when it comes to making a deal is this,” I listen carefully. Because that is what they know. Because they’re in that marketplace all day long.

There are agents that represent that actress. So they know what she can and can’t do. They know where she’s considered. It is an upwardly and downwardly mobile business. Unfortunately it’s mostly downwardly mobile for everyone. But there is upward mobility. People can change and grow. But if your agents have a pretty strong feeling about this that’s the kind of thing I do think it’s worth heeding. It’s sort of what they know.

**John:** Yup. I agree with you. I also want to commend you for contrasting with sort of the situation we ran into with Perry here. You say, “I couldn’t be more excited.” That’s the exact way to approach it.

**Craig:** There you go.

**John:** You’re not bragging. You’re saying I feel so lucky. This is so great. And here’s my next part of this. You’re not stopping with sort of the boast that this thing happened.

**Craig:** Yes. This felt correct.

**John:** So, Craig and Megana, I think we made a good dent in this question log, but we just have not gotten through – god, we got through like half of these.

**Craig:** Let’s come back next week and just do it again.

**John:** We’ll do it again.

**Craig:** We’ll do it again.

**John:** We’ll keep knocking them out. Megana, thank you so much for this.

**Craig:** Thanks Megana.

**Megana:** Thank you guys.

**John:** All right. It’s come time for our One Cool Things.

**Craig:** One Cool Things.

**John:** Craig, do you want to start us off?

**Craig:** Sure. I read an article that I just adored. And I adored it not because it told me what I wanted to hear, although it did, but because it tied back into a topic we’ve discussed a number of times and because I thought its perspective was really interesting. It’s at a site called Nautilus, which is sort of an essay science writing website. And it’s an article written by a fellow named Angus Fletcher. And it’s called Why Computers Will Never Write Good Novels.

And what he’s doing is digging into the fundamental difference between the way our brains work and the way computers work and kind of boils it down to a question of causality. That our brains function in a causal fashion. That the firing of A leads to the firing of Z. A causes Z. We have causal reasoning he argues is at the neural root of what we do. And therefore is the basis of our understanding and our ability to create drama.

Whereas computers are ultimately based on equations. This is this. This is this. So, A equals Z is not the same as A causes Z. Now, he goes into a kind of interesting analysis. I have no doubt that there are a hundred artificial intelligence students that are angrily banging out rebuttals to this. I have no doubt.

**John:** I started working on one even as you were speaking.

**Craig:** Of course. Well, you yourself are an AI. And I know that there are if/thens. Certainly that is there. But there is something very seductive about what he’s positioning here. And I must say I kind of work backwards a little bit in that what we’re seeing coming out of AI is not what we do. It is a fascinating adjunct to what we do. The question is is that simply a function of where it is on its timeline of growth and development or is it just always going to be fundamentally different because of the specific physical nature, physical differences, of how our thinking functions and how computers function.

So, anyway, you can decide for yourself Why Computers Will Never Write Good Novels: The Power of Narrative Flows Only From the Human Brain by Angus Fletcher at Nautilus.

**John:** Yeah. And so I have not read this piece yet, but I think I will approach it with the question of to what degree are we talking about pattern recognition? Because I feel like so much of what we do in storytelling is recognizing patterns and creating patterns and finding connections between things that would not necessarily be there. And increasingly where progress is being made in AI is really that pattern recognition. It’s being able to find connections between things that we wouldn’t necessarily notice.

And so I’m wondering if he’s describing the situation as it is now versus where it’s headed. So I look forward to reading it.

**Craig:** We shall see what you – I mean, this is a pretty meta thing where an AI reads an article about AI and argues whether or not it’s AI.

**John:** My One Cool Thing is a video by Negaoryx and maybe I can’t even butcher it because it’s just a Twitter handle. But talking through, so she’s an online gamer and she’s streaming and this guy in the chat says, “What color thong are you wearing?” And she starts to systematically destroy him and he’s like, “No, no, I’m just joking.” And then she destroys him further in a way that is just so well done. And she doesn’t break playing off the game at all. But systematically just takes it all apart and brings in Mike Birbiglia and John Mulaney and sort of other examples of actual what comedy is and how what this person is doing is not comedy.

It’s just a remarkably good encapsulation. It’s like a minute long. And totally worth your time in terms of looking at this moment right now in terms of what it means to troll and this defense of like “I’m only joking” as a way out of it.

And this led to the other link I’ll put in here for Schrödinger’s Douchebag which is a great way of describing a guy who says offensive things and then decides whether he was joking based on the reaction of the people around him.

**Craig:** Yeah, of course. Of course.

**John:** And that’s a thing that is just so currently a problem. Where the attempt to hide behind “I was joking” as a get out of jail free card.

**Craig:** Yeah. I would run into this occasionally on Twitter where somebody would say something awful and I would respond and then they would say, “Why are you even paying attention to somebody with two followers?” Like they would define themselves as a loser not worthy of response or attention after they said something designed to get response or attention.

So they were like blaming me for even noticing they were alive which is so deeply complicated and upsetting. Because then the level of poor self-esteem and self-image is kind of torturous.

**John:** Or is it a performance of low self-esteem? That’s the whole thing. You can’t–

**Craig:** No, I think it is low self – I think they were literally like, “Oh my god, you even looked at me?” They see a blue check mark and they’re like a Greek sailor talking out to Poseidon somewhere. They don’t understand we’re also people like them in every sense of the word.

There was a wonderful shocking but ultimately, I don’t know, encouraging interaction between Sarah Silverman–

**John:** Oh yeah. We’ll put a link to that. It’s just so good.

**Craig:** That was something else. Where there was somebody who just came after her in a very ugly way and she just sort of – she applied I guess the truest kind of form of Christianity which is to love thy neighbor and turn the other cheek. And it worked.

**John:** Yeah. And that was actually the only inciting incident, because you can follow their ongoing conversation and sort of how he got out of his – depression was actually a part of that, too, and sort of his own cycle of negative thinking. And so he’s a much happier person now.

**Craig:** Yeah. We really have yet to properly grapple with the multitude of toxic problems surrounding how social media functions. And specifically how it can be misused like a medicine by people who are not well.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** And in doing so creating more unwellness, which is why, again, at this point now I’ve got my Twitter – I don’t tweet anymore. I just occasionally will look at like Stella Zawistowski’s cryptic clue of the week. So it’s really nice. I’ve got to say, I’ve really gotten it down to the bare minimum.

**John:** Very nice. That is our show for this week. Scriptnotes is produced by Megana Rao. Special thanks to Bo Shim. It was edited by Matthew Chilelli. Our outro this week was by Nora Beyer. If you have an outro you can send us a link to ask@johnaugust.com. That’s also the place where you can send longer questions like the ones we answered today.

For short questions, I’m on Twitter, @johnaugust. You can find me there.

We have t-shirts and they’re great. You can find them at Cotton Bureau.

You can find the show notes for this episode and all episodes at johnaugust.com. That’s also where you’ll find the transcripts and sign up for our weekly-ish newsletter called Inneresting which has lots of links to things about writing.

You can sign up to become a Premium member at Scriptnotes.net where you get all the back episodes and bonus segments like the one we’re about to record on cities versus small towns.

Craig and Megana, thank you for a fun show.

**Craig:** Thanks guys.

[Bonus segment]

**John:** All right, Craig, so Evan in Greece wrote in to say, “Hey guys, I would personally love some advice on moving. Do you think staying in a small town where life quality is better but not a lot is going on can hold you back, both career wise and experience wise? Should you just move out to the nearest big city?”

Craig, first take, big city/small town, where do you land?

**Craig:** Yes. [laughs]

**John:** Yes.

**Craig:** The answer is yes, Evan. Yes. They both have something really good going for them and they both have something that is detracting going for them. You knew this was coming, Evan. You knew it. Greece is the home of philosophy.

**John:** The polis.

**Craig:** The paradox. Paradox I believe is a Greek word.

**John:** Oh yeah, it feels Greek.

**Craig:** We are inside of one right now, the great paradox of where to be.

**John:** So, a couple things I want to tease out of her. Small town/big city, but also you’re really coming to like should you leave the place you started. And I think you should leave the place you started. I think I’m pretty firmly in the camp of I think it is good to venture out from where you began so you can see the world outside of your home town. Whether that means leaving the big city you started in and going to somewhere else, or leaving a small town and going to the big city, you are the protagonist in your story and it is good to leave your home town as the protagonist so you see more of the world.

**Craig:** Yeah. There’s this famous Internet clergy speech that they keep attributing falsely to one speaker or another, but one of the things is when you’re young you should live in New York before it makes you too hard. And you should get out of something before it makes you too soft. I can’t remember. But the point is you’re going to change as you grow. And the things that you need and the things you want are going to change as you grow.

So, after college I moved immediately to the big city. It wasn’t the nearest big city, but it was a big city. Came out to Los Angeles. Now, that was 1992. By 1997 my wife now, my girlfriend had become my wife, we were considering starting a family. We bought a home. But we stayed in Los Angeles until our son was just about one at which point we said, you know what, nah. We took a look at La Cañada which is smallish town north of the city and we just loved it because of the differences. The things that it could do that matched where we were in our life.

And so we moved there. Now, at this point right about now we’re talking now that we have one completely out of the house and one who is on the way we’re talking about moving back towards around where you live, John. Because it’s time. And you make changes. Yeah. There is no one correct answer there.

**John:** So I look back to my own story. So like you right after college I packed up my rusted Honda and drove out to Los Angeles and it was the big city. And it was overwhelming and difficult for all the reasons that I think are actually really helpful. I think it’s important to have some grit and adversity and challenge there because otherwise it’s just too easy to stay in your safe little comfort zone. And that’s good.

And I kept looking for the extra little bits of challenge along the way. So when I did Big Fish in New York for about three years I was off and on in New York and then for six months I was really living in New York. And it was rough. I mean, I had some money so it wasn’t as rough as sort of the classic four people in a studio apartment kind of situation, but it was challenging. You’re sort of never alone. You’re bumping up against people a lot. But that was good and I was glad to have those challenges.

When we moved to Paris for the year that was again about sort of finding a way to make life a little bit more difficult and to have some challenge ahead of you. So my husband are talking, even when my kid goes off to college we will probably move to some places that are going to be a little bit difficult for a time just so we can actually have some variation and some challenge there. It stimulates you. It helps you grow and sort of figure out stuff.

So, I do think it’s important to move some. Overall are big cities better than small town? Are small towns better than big cities? I agree with Craig that it’s sort of where you’re at in your life. But I think you should have some experience with both of them because it’s too easy to stereotype everyone in a big city is a certain way and everyone in a small town is a certain way. That doesn’t do anybody any favors.

**Craig:** Yeah. I mean, if there’s any vague kind of rule of thumb I suppose it would be that when you’re in a time of your life, when you’re looking for things to change and grow and expand and appear, cities are better. And when you’re looking for stability, peace, quiet, support, community, then small places are better. But you will always find the trade-outs. There’s just more crime in the city and there’s more indifference and more traffic. And in small towns there can be more intolerance and there could be more gossip and there could be more boredom. You’re just going to have to balance it. That’s the way it goes.

**John:** You’re going to find more live cultural events in a big city, just because there’s going to be opportunity. There’s a critical mass to do certain things, which is great and lovely. But, coming off of 2020 and us still being in this pandemic everyone is sort of in their own little small town. The benefits of living in a big city are kind of moot at this moment because it’s not like we’re getting to do all those live event situations. We are all in our tiny little towns of our homes. And it doesn’t kind of matter that much.

And it will be curious to see, you know, 2021 later and 2022 what LA feels like after this. And I don’t think that sense of – obviously a lot of businesses are already talking about like we may never go back to fulltime everybody in the office. And we may just start recruiting the best person for the job and not have them move to wherever our home base is, where our headquarters is. And that’s going to be a difference. But I don’t know that it’s going to necessarily change the advice for Evan in Greece because I think you should probably leave wherever you grew up so you see more of Greece and the rest of the world.

**Craig:** Side note, I think if things get back to the way they were, hopefully, through vaccination and so forth that it will go back to the way it was. That some people are going to be like, you know what, I don’t need to come into work. I can work from Zoom. And what’s going to happen is a bunch of people are going to be in the office and a few aren’t. And those people are going to start to feel iced out. They’re going to start showing up. It’s just inevitable. I feel like it’s just going to go back.

**John:** If it doesn’t happen it’s going to be because the companies actually made the decision that they didn’t want as much office space and they just wanted people there only two days a week. I think it would be a decision to sort of say like, no, you can only come in certain days. And just to sort of balance it out. Because I do think you’re right. I think if employee A is there five days a week and employee B is there one or two days a week, employee A is just going to have an advantage.

**Craig:** Yeah. That’s the way it goes.

**John:** Cool. Thanks Craig.

**Craig:** Thank you, John.

Links:

* [TV Characters Don’t Have Text History. This Is Not OK](https://www.wired.com/story/texting-on-tv/) by Zak Jason
* [John’s post on feature residuals](https://johnaugust.com/2021/feature-residuals-and-the-mystery-of-svod)
* [Chris Lee for Vulture, on the GameStop projects in development](https://www.vulture.com/2021/02/inside-hollywoods-rush-to-make-the-first-gamestop-movie.html)
* [Overnight Documentary](https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0390336/)
* [Why Computers Will Never Write Good Novels](https://nautil.us/issue/95/escape/why-computers-will-never-write-good-novels) by Angus Fletcher
* [Negaoryx Twitter Response to Trolls](https://twitter.com/negaoryx/status/1354147400160403457?s=21) and for reference [Schrödinger’s Douchebag](https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s%20Douchebag)
* [Sarah Silverman Twitter Troll](https://www.menshealth.com/trending-news/a19545958/sarah-silverman-twitter-exchange/)
* Special thanks to [Bo Shim](https://twitter.com/byshim)!
* [Get a Scriptnotes T-shirt!](https://cottonbureau.com/people/scriptnotes-podcast)
* [Gift a Scriptnotes Subscription](https://scriptnotes.supportingcast.fm/gifts) or [treat yourself to a premium subscription!](https://scriptnotes.supportingcast.fm/)
* [John August](https://twitter.com/johnaugust) on Twitter
* [Craig Mazin](https://twitter.com/clmazin) on Twitter
* [John on Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/johnaugust/?hl=en)
* [Outro](http://johnaugust.com/2013/scriptnotes-the-outros) by Nora Beyer ([send us yours!](http://johnaugust.com/2014/outros-needed))
* Scriptnotes is produced by Megana Rao and edited by Matthew Chilelli.

Email us at ask@johnaugust.com

You can download the episode [here](http://traffic.libsyn.com/scriptnotes/489standard.mp3).

Scriptnotes, Episode 488: What Actually Happened in the Agency Battle, Transcript

February 19, 2021 Scriptnotes Transcript

The original post for this episode can now be found [here](https://johnaugust.com/2021/what-actually-happened-in-the-agency-battle).

**John August:** Hello and welcome. My name is John August.

**Craig Mazin:** My name is Craig Mazin.

**John:** And this is Episode 488 of Scriptnotes, a podcast about screenwriting and things that are interesting to screenwriters. Today on the show the two-year battle between the agencies and the Writers Guild has ended. We’ll discuss what was gained, what was lost, and some of the things I couldn’t tell Craig along the way.

Then we’ll answer a bunch of listener questions ranging from cold feet to writer vacations to killing a project. And in our bonus segment for Premium members we will discuss what essential advice we would offer to our 20-year-old selves.

**Craig:** That will be fun.

**John:** Yeah. A good adventure-packed episode.

**Craig:** Start drinking. Drink more. No.

**John:** No. I have meaningful things to think about with both my own 20-year-old self and sort of a general 20-year-old self.

**Craig:** There you go.

**John:** Looking forward to that. But, hey, Craig, this week you had some exciting news. Tell us the exciting news that happened this last week.

**Craig:** Yeah. So we announced our casting for the two main characters in The Last of Us HBO series. Pedro Pascal is going to be playing Joel and Bella Ramsey who people might be most familiar with as Leona Mormont, the terrorizing fierce wonderful lady of Bear Island on Game of Thrones, is going to be playing Ellie. I was a bit nervous – I don’t know if you know this, but the videogame fan base can be a little harsh. You may have read about these things from time to time.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** And there have been months and months of people sort of tweeting at me or at Neil Druckmann about who they wanted to – “you have to cast this person.” Everybody very much was like, “You have to do this, or this, or this.” And we didn’t do any of those. We did what we did.

But it went over pretty – actually, went over really well. I was thrilled with the response. And more importantly we know what we’re doing. We know why we made these choices. And we are thrilled with them. We couldn’t be happier on our end of things. And so this was fun to announce. But, out of that emerged a thing that we need to talk about.

**John:** All right. Let’s get into it.

**Craig:** This is a serious thing that has been happening on Twitter that is upsetting.

**John:** Yeah. I mean, you have it listed here and I think it’s time we finally do discuss this. So, I’m ready.

**Craig:** Let’s just tear the Band-Aid off on this one. When we’re talking about casting actors in film or television we’re using the verb “cast.” The past participle of cast is not “casted.” It is also just “cast.” No matter what form of the verb cast you’re using, whether you’re saying cast a role, or casting a line as a fisherman, the past participle is cast. These people were cast.

**John:** Absolutely. Whether it’s transitive or intransitive.

**Craig:** Correct.

**John:** Yes. It’s cast.

**Craig:** Cast. So, Pedro Pascal and Bella Ramsey were cast in The Last of Us. They were not casted. No one has ever casted. And we must stop saying casted. This has been hard for me to talk about because it’s upsetting. And I know it can be re-traumatizing for people. But listen, and listen good. Because you and I, I think, safe to say we have lost the beg the question battle.

**John:** I’ll still try to use it correctly. But yes.

**Craig:** Of course. It’s just us and it is we and Peter Sagal standing alone on a mountain swarmed by everybody else who uses it to say “prompt the question.” But on this one I’m not letting go. We just – casted is not a word. Strike it from your lips and fingers.

**John:** Yeah. So clearly what’s happening here is as English changes and drifts, John McWhorter would have a whole episode about this, there is stuff that happens and things like cast is a special case. There’s been other verbs that are like it where we’ve stuck the “ed’ on the end of it. Like it lasted until dawn. So we’re generalizing from other things that sound like it and putting the “ed” there. But you don’t need it. Let’s try to go ten more years without that becoming the default. If we can last ten years that would be a victory.

**Craig:** Maybe this moment right now is what–

**John:** Is how it–

**Craig:** Yeah. Kind of drives–

**John:** It pushes it over the edge.

**Craig:** John McWhorter is so much fun to read, by the way. He’s really good.

**John:** Talented guy.

**Craig:** Yeah.

**John:** I also want to acknowledge that I’m so excited for your casting. So I’ve never met Bella Ramsey. She’s fantastic on Game of Thrones.

**Craig:** Lovely person.

**John:** Pedro Pascal was also great on Game of Thrones. I got to hang out with randomly Pedro Pascal over a year ago just at a social setting and he was just delightful and lovely. So I think he’s going to be phenomenal and phenomenal to work with. This was also a week in which some actors who are apparently not phenomenal to work with or who did some things which were controversial. And maybe we’ll have this as a whole separate discussion in a different episode. But I just want to acknowledge that it’s a weird time for actors right now. It’s a weird time to be thinking about who you’re putting into these roles who are going to be so prominent because what if they go off and do something terrible?

**Craig:** Yeah. And this I guess applies across the board to everybody that’s hiring. Anybody that has any sort of social media presence. One thing to appreciate is that social media presence and reach is not unconsidered when they are casting people, because they want to know who has this sort of built in fan base. It’s exciting for them. If a company wants to put an actor on a show and that actor can say, “Look, I have all these people that follow me, I have this devoted fan base,” then that is attractive to them.

I’m not sure it should be. And it is a double-edged sword. The wider your audience the more likely it is that you are going to, you one, is going to be tempted to throw chum into the water. You know? If you have a million people waiting for you to talk and you haven’t talked in a while, you’re going to talk. And sometimes people say dumb things. And, look, you know we’re talking about Gina Carano obviously who was also on The Mandalorian and she said a really stupid thing. And it was stupid and it was also, I mean, did you see the particular tweet in question?

**John:** I did not see the tweet in question. I sort of saw the backlash over it. And we should stress that we’re recording this on Friday so who knows what the social media universe is going to be like by the time this comes out. And there was the “get rid of Gina Carano” and then the “no, no, you have to save Gina Carano and cancel Disney+.” It becomes this whole storm and it’s like argh.

**Craig:** Well Gina Carano has apparently signed on to do a movie in conjunction with Ben Shapiro. So I think it’s safe to say that she’s heading off in a very different direction from where she was. But it was upsetting. It was an upsetting thing that she posted. And it was an upsetting photo that went with it. And it was just upsetting.

So, without getting into how these things sort of shake out, the danger of social media and a social media audience is that you have an audience. That’s the danger. And whereas a studio clearly controls what an actor does to the show’s audience through a script and editing, they don’t have any control over what actors or other very prominent people or entertainers do to their audience that is outside of their purview.

**John:** It’s a very natural segue to some follow up from our last conversation. So in 487 we talked with Rachel Miller who had suggestions for writers looking to staff on a TV show. David wrote in to say that, “I’m an editor for TV digital in the UK and I’m also pursuing screenwriting outside of that. So Rachel mentioned the importance of social media presence or online presence in general, but my social media presence is there to advertise me as an editor-for-hire. If a script of mine hypothetically got attention would my work within the industry in a completely different department hinder me? Would it be confusing to a producer or to a reader?”

**Craig:** Maybe. I don’t think it would hinder you. If a script gets attention, meaning people like it, then it takes quite a bit to hinder people from mining it for whatever goal they prospectively see there. Would it be a little bit confusing initially? Possibly. But then people get over it.

**John:** I think in general don’t worry so much about that, just worry that you don’t have stuff out there that makes you look like an absolute monster. And so I feel like this might be a good time for you, David, to go back through your history and like, oh you know what that joke does not actually read as a joke out of context. This might be a good time to delete that before there’s any exposure being placed on me.

**Craig:** And humor we know changes over time. And it is important I think to consider that. Maybe a good approach to this is expiring social media.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** If you approach social media as kind of a disposable, cheap throwaway thoughts, which I think a lot of people do because that’s what it’s really suited perfectly for, then let it be thrown away. Let it disappear. It’s not meant to just sit there forever like a fish slowly stinking over time.

**John:** Yeah. So, if you’re a WGA member I’m going to be talking more about this topic. I’m on a panel this next week on Thursday February 18th. The WGA is doing a panel on social media for brand and navigating industry publicity. So it’s social media but it’s also basically how you do publicity for your projects and sort of advice for that. So it’s going to be Julie Plec, our friend.

**Craig:** Oh Julie.

**John:** LaToya Morgan, me, and then editors from Variety and other sort of media strategy folks. And so we’ll be having a nice little Zoom conversation. And so if you’re a WGA member I think only in the West, but maybe the East can come as well, there’s a link in the show notes to that. So we have a bunch of people coming, but it’s virtual, so we can fill – I think we can take up to a thousand people. So it’s not like a normal WGA event where it gets limited to like the first 100 people. So come.

**Craig:** What do you think your brand is, John? Do you think you have a brand?

**John:** I think I have a really good clean brand, honestly. And that really starts with johnaugust.com. I’ve sort of been this person online really from the start. And so Megana forwarded a question from somebody this last week and they were linking to an old blog post. And I looked at it and the post was like from 2007. And I was like, oh, it still sounds like me and it was basically good advice. It was about using opportunity to name characters in order to suggest an ethnicity. And so I wrote that and I think I refer to you in that post, but I didn’t know you at that time. You were just the guy who had that other blog. And so it was–

**Craig:** That’s true.

**John:** Yeah. It’s strange. There’s a dead link to your nonexistent blog in that post.

**Craig:** My brand is a big bucket of nothing. [laughs] It’s a confusing jumble of contradictoriness. I don’t have a brand. I don’t have a brand.

**John:** But I think to the degree you have a brand though it has shifted considerably over the last four years. I think you are mostly known as the Chernobyl guy and not the Hangover or Scary Movie guy.

**Craig:** True. But that’s not really a brand.

**John:** It’s brand-ish.

**Craig:** I don’t actually know what a brand is. I’ve got to be honest with you. Like when people talk about their spirituality and I also don’t know what that means. I don’t – like what is it?

**John:** OK. So I’ll try to define it. It’s a set of principles and ideas and images that are associated with a person or product that is narrow enough that they can say, “Oh, that feels like that person or that does not feel like that person.”

And so to the degree I’m a brand is like John is a helpful screenwriter, I mean, that sounds really general, but going back 20 years that’s sort of who I am. That feels on brand for me.

I think and you’re also a helpful screenwriter. And back to your blog days. But I think your brand is crankier?

**Craig:** Yeah. Well, I am crankier. God, I’m so cranky.

**John:** Well, it’s a natural time to segue into the agency campaign. So that’s been a source of a lot of crankiness over the last–

**Craig:** Two years. Three years. Well, yeah, two years plus, right?

**John:** Two years plus. To set this all up, and I want to kind of recap where this all began because it’s so important I think as you come to the end of a series sometimes you have those flashbacks to where everything started and you see how young the kids were on Game of Thrones at the start.

**Craig:** Right.

**John:** I want to remember how this all began. So on Friday, February 5th right after we finished recording last week’s show the WGA announced it had reached a deal with the final agency holdout in this big campaign to rewrite the agency agreement. So, that agency was WME. They signed the same agreement as the other agencies and a side letter to divest its affiliated production company called Endeavor Content. And there was is an outside monitor who is there to oversee that sale and the transaction and all the inner workings of how that’s going to work, especially with their clients.

And with that the agency campaign, this thing we’ve been talking about forever is finished.

**Craig:** Finito.

**John:** Finito.

**Craig:** Finito.

**John:** So I have a blog post up, or just a page up that runs through a timeline. And because we say it’s two years, but it was really three years because we had to give a year’s notice for the expiration. And even before we decided to pull the trigger to expire the 1976 agreement we had to have a bunch of meetings with writers to figure out is this really a thing that’s going to work. Is this a thing we should try to do?

So that timeline is long and it was sort of exhausting to put together, but I wanted to do it just to show kind of how much happened before anything happened. And then to remind me of some of the steps along the way. Because it’s so easy to forget like, oh yeah, that was a thing that happened. Over the course of two years it all kind of gets lost.

**Craig:** Yeah. Pretty great that we have this little time capsule of this show.

**John:** Yeah. Our first conversation really where we got into this was with Chris Keyser. So Chris Keyser was one of the negotiating committee chairs for the agency thing, and so this was back in 389 we sat down with him.

**Craig:** Wow.

**John:** And we talked about it. And so we were all in a room together. Remember when we used to record this sometimes in a room together?

**Craig:** We were in a room together. And not only were we in a room together, but we were in a room together. There was really no disagreement about anything. It was one of those rare guild moments where it didn’t seem like there was, at least in terms of what we felt about the value of the way agencies were performing their jobs packaging and producing.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** There was no difference between anybody on it. It was bad.

**John:** So let’s take a listen to some of the goals that we’re laying out for this thing. And we’ll start with what packaging was and sort of what was important to think about with packaging. Let’s take a listen.

**Chris Keyser:** The heart of the conversation is about conflict of interest. The idea that the agency practices have ceased to align their economic interests clearly and solely with the economic self-interests of the writers whom they represent. And that’s a fundamental problem.

**Craig:** And so for people, I think a lot of people probably have a general sense of how this is supposed to work. Agents represent writers. Agents get writers work. They are allowed to do that by the very power that this AMBA grants them. And then whatever the writer earns, the gross, the agent takes 10% of it. Seems very simple. And in fact they used be known as ten-percenterees.

And so the more the writer makes the more the agent makes. But as it turns out that simple reality isn’t really the reality at all.

**Chris:** No, in television in fact essentially the standard method of payment now for agencies is to take what they call a packaging fee. And that packaging fee is tied both to the license fee of the show and ultimately the profits the show produces. So the agency makes – and we talk about this and if you read or have seen David Goodman’s speech he’s pretty explicit about this – 3, 3, and 10 is the standard formula. They make approximately three percent of the upfront license fee for a show, although that’s negotiable, somewhere usually between $30,000 and $100,000 an episode. There’s three percent of the backend that’s deferred that is not often collected by them. And then 10% of the adjusted gross.

**Craig:** And that’s great information, but again just to sort of simplify it for people what we’re talking about with these packaging fees is instead of the agents taking 10% of what we earn as writers what they do is they don’t take any commission from us. Which, ooh, great, we get to keep that 10%. Except, what they are getting in return is more than that from the studios that are producing the television shows.

**John:** So, Craig, in that conversation we were sort of laying out sort of what packaging was and it was probably the first time we had sort of talked about packaging really on this show. But you had a firsthand experience with packaging as well, right?

**Craig:** Yeah. I was surprised. I was hit in the face with a surprise package. On Chernobyl it was the first television show I’d ever done. I didn’t really have any experience with packaging. I’d been paying 10% of my gross earnings my entire career. My relationship with my agent for my whole career minus Chernobyl was what the guild was trying to make all of the arrangements like. So I didn’t have any experience with it. And then I got a check in the mail that was refunding me commission and I found out that CAA had gotten a package on Chernobyl and were extracting quite a bit more than what that 10% was from the budget of Chernobyl.

Chernobyl was not – I’ve said this before – no one thought it was going to be a bit hit. The fact that we got as much money as we did was amazing. But we were pinching every penny. And to send over six figures in money out of the budget to CAA just seemed crazy. But more importantly, they just did it. They didn’t even ask me. And that, you know, as I said to them was what radicalized me. And it became clear to me that packaging just simply in the version that it existed was not tenable and needed to be destroyed or significantly altered.

**John:** Yeah. No, for me, my concern wasn’t so much about packaging. And I’ve said this a lot. I was more concerned with affiliated production. Because I really saw that as the bigger issue on the next 10, 20, 30 years going ahead. And so the pitch from agencies about why affiliated production was good, like why they should be able to own production entities, and why it was great for their clients to be working for these production entities is, hey, we’re already on your side. We can give you deals that you won’t get at the studios. We sort of know what’s best for you.

Let’s listen to what I said then.

You are competing with them for IP sometimes. Like if you want that book they may own that book. And so you’re actually in competition with them for the things you’re trying to buy.

**Craig:** Right.

**John:** And it’s also just the most classic conflict of interest possible. Something that David Goodman says in his speech is you wouldn’t want Peter Roth negotiating your salary. And that’s ultimately where you’re kind of getting to.

And so those were the things we sort of lay out going into it, the concern about packaging fees and affiliated productions. And so what happened? What was the outcome of all this?

**Craig:** Well, the outcome is that there are no more packaging fees – well, there will be no more packaging fees after a certain sun-setting amount of time. I think a year and a bit. And also when it comes to the production companies the talent agencies have either completely divested or will eventually within a certain window sufficiently divest to the point where they have what is it a–

**John:** A 20% cap.

**Craig:** Under 20%. So that they are no longer the driving force of those production companies. So, in theory we have achieved the goals that we set out to achieve.

**John:** Yeah. And so a clarification on the 20% thing, you know, it’s one thing for the agency to own a production entity, but what you also don’t want is for the same company to own both a production entity and an agency, which was sort of my bigger concern. We had the possibility that theoretically a Disney could buy a WME and then you’re literally just working for the same company. And so this agreement precludes that. And so you cannot own or be owned by a company that owns more than that threshold of production entity which I think is a crucial distinction.

So those things that we wanted to get achieved were achieved, along with a bunch of information sharing stuff. So the requirement that agencies have to CC the guild on invoices so we sort of know what money is coming in to writers and what money could be coming in late. And to send in contracts so we can really get a sense of what compensation is looking like above scale, which is a thing which has always been sort of murky. So we’ll actually get a better sense of that both in features and in television. So, that information sharing should be really important.

**Craig:** Question for you about the information sharing. So, I don’t know if traditionally if my agent has gotten copies of my contracts.

**John:** I don’t know either. I suspect they probably have, because that’s how they sort of have a sense of what deals look like and how to negotiate for their other clients.

**Craig:** I think they just leave that with the lawyer.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** So it’ll be interesting to see how that shakes out practically. Like the points where reality rubs on theory. And we’ll see, hopefully, well any amount more than we had is good. So, you know, in general.

**John:** And we’ve already seen some good progress of that in terms of collecting money from people. And really getting the data to show what is happening with feature screenwriter salaries for example. And that’s really fascinating and of [unintelligible] to both of us.

**Craig:** Yeah. Nothing good I’m sure.

**John:** Pros and cons. So it’s not all grim news.

**Craig:** Well that’s good.

**John:** Let’s talk about what was expected and what were the surprises along the way. And I’ll start with some of the things that surprised me going into this. If you look at the timeline I was in a zillion meetings for this, in addition to sort of board meetings and committee meetings, I was in a lot of meetings with writers and showrunners, screenwriters going into this and talking about stuff. And sort of what we anticipated things to look like. No one anticipated it was going to take two years to do.

I think part of the reason why we didn’t think it would take two years to do is that we thought that either we would be negotiating with the ATA all together and together they would come to an agreement that we could live with, or that they would split apart and we’d be talking to them individually and sort of make individual deals with places. And they both stuck together longer than I sort of guessed they would have. And splintered in different ways than I would have guessed.

And so the timeframe was longer than I thought it was going to be going in. No one expected this to be a two-year campaign.

**Craig:** No. But also of some concern was that we weren’t told it was going to be a one-year campaign either. We were told it was going to be a couple of weeks. Or three weeks or something like that, you know.

**John:** Yeah. I don’t remember ever saying weeks.

**Craig:** Oh, you didn’t. You didn’t. No, I never heard that from you. But, no, we were in meetings and things. Weeks were thrown around. And there was somewhat of an arrogant sense of like they can’t – they won’t last a month. And ICM will collapse. And the other one was that obviously the big agents at these agencies who probably detest their own agency for taking their money are going to leave and form a new super agency that will sign up at the WGA. There was just a lot of, I think, just conjecture that was based on nothing except hope. And that’s not a great, you know, that’s not a great basis.

**John:** There were misassumptions I think on both sides. And on the agency side I think there was this patronizing tone. There was this agent-splaining of like “let me explain to you how this all works.” And it was happening to clients, but it was also happening in meetings with negotiations where they said like, “No, no, let’s explain how packaging actually works.” No, we know how packaging works. This is the problem. This is the problem with affiliated. And it took more than a year for the big four agencies to sort of acknowledge that. And that was a surprise that it took so long to get to them, even acknowledging that like, oh, this is what’s happening here.

**Craig:** Yeah.

**John:** And a misassumption that the guild was different than the writers. And that 96% vote to approve this thing was all just show, there really wasn’t support for it, when there was support for it. And we’ll get into the times along the way where it looked like there was not support for it. But I think they misread the guild is the writers, the writers is the guild.

**Craig:** It was a complete miscalculation and I remember before we all signed the things and sent them in saying, OK, we’re terminating your services, and the whole thing began, I was talking to an agent. And he was saying, “Look, you know, I find it hard to believe that clients who have had 20 or 30 year relationships with their agents are just going to fire them because of this. I just don’t think it’s going to happen.” And I was like, and I tried to explain to this agent not only is it going to happen, but you have to understand it is going to happen and it’s going to happen permanently until the union says it’s not happening anymore because what you guys think, you see a labor union. That’s what you see. You see a union with rules and stuff. What members, a lot of rank and file, see is the place that pays for the healthcare of their families.

**John:** Mm-hmm.

**Craig:** And that more than anything is going to put the union first. The fact that there are also rules in place and the potential for discipline and all that, sure. But at the heart of it I just always felt like they didn’t understand what our own relationship with our own union was. And so they miscalculated terribly and then dug in.

**John:** A thing I misunderstood, and I didn’t really understand until we started talking with UTA seriously, which was a lot sooner than it sort of probably seemed, is that a lot of their concern about packaging really had nothing to do with writers. It was mostly that high-paid TV actors have never paid commission. And so if you are an actress on a big TV show you’ve never paid commission because it’s always been covered by a packaging fee. So suddenly that actress does not want to pay 10% of her salary. And it’s hard for an agent to say like, “Oh, now you’re going to have to start paying us that money.” And they don’t want to. And so they were worried about losing those kind of clients.

And so when we started having those conversations like, oh, the calculus is really different on your side. I get it. It’s not going to change what we’re willing to do, but that was a thing that I just hadn’t anticipated it was going to be such a roadblock for some of the agencies.

**Craig:** You shouldn’t have had to anticipate that. That should have been laid out to you guys by staff before you ever got into those rooms. Because that was so obvious. And we weren’t saying you can’t package writers anymore. We were saying you can’t package anymore. The amount of money that actors and certain directors make on these shows is astonishing.

There are absolutely writers that make astonishing amounts of money. Don’t get me wrong. But there are way more actors that make astonishing amounts of money in the long run. And the fact that we were telling the agencies how they had to conduct their business with not writers was always going to be a massive problem and a roadblock that had to be figured out. Or just waited out.

But you should have been – to me I’m mystified that that wasn’t something that was made clear to you guys immediately.

**John:** Well, to be fair, we had many, many showrunners involved in the negotiation who had firsthand experience with obviously making these shows and making shows with these clients. The other way you can look at that calculation is ultimately these agencies will probably end up making more taking 10% of that actor’s salary than they would have in the packaging fee. But because we all recognize that the classic backend, which was the huge payday, just doesn’t happen anymore. Or doesn’t happen to the same scale. And so I’m just only talking for myself personally. I misassumed that their desire to hold onto packaging was just this misguided belief that this old system was going to come back or be meaningful when really it was more about fear of other clients.

So I think that’s just a personal – I wasn’t weighting that properly.

**Craig:** Yeah. It seemed to me that one of the – so this group of whatever it’s called, the Association of Talent Agencies, is that what it is? ATA?

**John:** Yeah. ATA.

**Craig:** That’s not a thing. They hate each other. They hate each other so much. And they would occasionally say things like the only people that we hate more than each other are you. But, no, that’s not true. They hate each other more. They are their direct competitors. They eat each other’s lunch. They steal each other’s employees. They want to dominate each other. They are in a competitive, capitalistic business. We’re a union. We’re not competing with each other. We don’t want to kill each other. We want to do the opposite.

So one of the things that made this difficult to do was how much they hated each other and how they saw this as a way to maybe screw over another one of them. So, if we make a deal, like the game theory of it, if I make a deal to get rid of packaging now my big actors have to pay me 10%. The agency across the street is going to immediately call them and say, “Here’s how much this is going to cost you now to stay with your agent. It’s in the millions. Come on over here because we’re not doing that deal and we’ll keep packaging.” That part of it makes it very, very tricky, even more so than dealing with the companies because while the companies also compete with each other in the end what they’re talking – they don’t have much of a way to screw each other over with our negotiation.

**John:** Well, I think it’s also – people have been asking me like, oh, so how does this change to calculation in terms of like how you would normally do a MBA negotiation, the regular studio negotiation. And really they’re so different because this group we were dealing with like they had never done this negotiation either. And so they didn’t have a great sense of how they were going to conduct themselves or what the priorities were. It was comparatively easy to split them apart because they had no history of working together versus the AMPTP which negotiates this way all the time. Each of the individual unions time after time after time they’re so good at it. And it’s just a completely different experience.

**Craig:** Yeah. And they know what to make of the union when the union sits there and negotiates back, because they don’t draw conclusions about the way the union is presenting itself because they understand. I mean, it’s like anything. If you’ve been through it before you kind of know, oh, OK, I don’t need to overreact about this, or this, or this. But they had not gone through this before and they did not – I mean, look, I can’t defend the way the agencies conducted it, because, A, it took way longer than it should have, and B, they lost. So, their strategy was bad. It hurt us, too. But it was worse for them than it was for us. That’s for sure.

**John:** So, some things that I want to say and give them credit for. They held together and those big four held together especially longer than I would have expected. And they kept agencies 5-12 on board longer than I would have guessed. And so it became one at a time they were dropping off. But to their credit I was surprised they were able to hold together as well as they could. And both sides were really good at not leaking. And so there were so many talks happening and you didn’t hear about it in the press. And that’s impressive on both sides. So good at that.

Once it became clear that this was going to be a tug of war where literally the rope is stretched and your heels dug into the sand and then it just becomes a game of inches then it became the dominoes one by one. Agency 12. Agency 11. And you’re working your way up the line and it became much more clear like, OK, this is how it’s going to be resolved. And so one at a time rather than all at once. That was just the way it was. But that certainly wasn’t my expectation going in.

**Craig:** Yeah. I think everybody was surprised. I mean, I was surprised.

**John:** Now it’s time for the other surprises. So, this is way back in November 2019. You and I have obviously talked about this a lot, and with me being on the negotiating committee I couldn’t say things that I knew. And you had expressed your great frustration over how stuff was going on in the campaign. And I was trying to articulate sort of like why I feel so differently about these things just because of what I know that I couldn’t share. And so I make up a PDF. I encrypted it. I put it on a USB drive and I handed it to you. I handed it to you before we recorded a live show.

**Craig:** I’m opening it up.

**John:** All right, Craig. You have the PDF, so you’re getting a little password screen on it.

**Craig:** Yes.

**John:** Now, here’s the password. I’m going to send it to you. And…open.

**Craig:** It is open.

**John:** All right. So there should be four things you’re seeing on your screen. So do you want to just read it to us here?

**Craig:** Number one, and should I say what the date is?

**John:** Sure.

**Craig:** So November 22, 2019. Number one. The agency that was close to signing a deal before the rival Writers Guild slate was announced was Paradigm. They had promised a red-lined agreement, then said no, we’ll wait until after the election.

**John:** So I’m trying to remember the conversation that was happening between us right before then.

**Craig:** I remember it. [laughs]

**John:** Tell us what you remember.

**Craig:** Yeah. So the Writers Guild every year has a constitutionally mandated democratic election, which is apparently upsetting to some people. And every two years, every other election, also includes officers. And in that year that was one of those elections. So, there was a group of writers initially including myself, and then I had to drop off because my son got sick, who were running against David Goodman and his group of candidates. And one of the arguments that people made that was essentially anti-democratic in nature if you ask me was that because there was support for a rival Writers Guild slate a major agency that was going to sign and therefore deliver this whole thing into a kind of paradise of collapsing dominoes wouldn’t sign. And apparently that is kind of true. Paradigm was never going to be the one that was going to do that. I think it was implied that it was UTA. That was at least the sort of rumor that because people had dared run against David Goodman that UTA was no longer going to sign with the guild.

So this is not–

**John:** Some contextualization around this. So I think it had been said publicly that we were in negotiations with a major agency. And so Paradigm at the time was the first largest agency. So, it wasn’t the big four, but it was just smaller than ICM. And so I think the pushback had been like, oh, you’re talking about some podunk agency we’ve never heard of. And so that’s why–

**Craig:** Well…

**John:** I wanted to say this that it’s Paradigm which is a significant agency.

**Craig:** They were. But I don’t think they’re a packaging agency.

**John:** They do have packaging fees, but they’re mostly splits on packaging. They don’t have whole packaging fees.

**Craig:** They don’t have full packaging fees and they don’t have production.

**John:** They don’t have production at all. So only the big three have production.

**Craig:** Yeah. Basically I’m always going to come back to that this was really a negotiation about three agencies or 3.5. But, regardless, that is interesting and also stupid on Paradigm’s part. I don’t know why they thought that that was ever going to matter. I mean, there was such a misunderstanding about what – and we can get into all the politics later about what people were saying and what the differences were between how people wanted to litigate this fight with the agencies. I mean, I personally had my – Shawn Ryan was kind enough to just invent an articulation of my thoughts and feelings and send it to everybody. And it was just completely wrong.

Nobody wanted to end this. There were disagreements about how to do it so that it could get done quicker perhaps. And also I still have concerns about what this means for lower earning writers and whether this is going to help or hurt them.

**John:** Before we get into this next point though, one of the big things that was – I looked through all of the writer statements from the rival slate yesterday just to see what the consistent them was, and the consistent theme was we have to go back and we have to keep negotiating. We can’t be silent. We have to actually negotiate and engage. And my point is we were engaging the whole time as we get to point number two.

**Craig:** And that’s a perfectly fair point. Point number two. UTA came back and was negotiating before the vote, meaning the election. UTA insisted on keeping it super-secret. Their packaging proposal was basically that everyone pays commission but their own clients get it back. It led to weird misincentives which is why it was a non-starter. But I get why they’re doing it. They want to protect actors who don’t or won’t pay commissions. They’ve scheduled and canceled several sessions. They still say they want to be the first of the big four to sign.

**John:** Which ultimately became true.

**Craig:** Well, if they canceled the sessions I’m not sure how – I mean, was that an active negotiation or kind of a teasing of a negotiation?

**John:** So these conversations were happening before you joined the rival slate. And then they came back–

**Craig:** Oh, it was me? It was me personally?

**John:** To recall the events, originally you were running for a board seat. And then ultimately you decided to run for a VP slot.

**Craig:** Yes.

**John:** And so it was when you announced you were running for the VP slot that all suddenly got very quiet. And then when you withdrew the conversations started again.

**Craig:** So…?

**John:** And I don’t want to pin this entirely on like Craig Mazin influences everything, but–

**Craig:** I mean, is this a causality/correlation thing? I mean–

**John:** Causality is too much to say for it. But I think it’s fair to acknowledge that of the people on that slate you were the one with the highest profile and the one who would attract the most attention. That’s fair. You can stipulate that, right?

**Craig:** I think that’s fair. And they would have been terribly disappointed by my position, deeply. Disappointed by my position. Because my position was never going to somehow keep them rolling with money. The only thing I ever wanted to explore was whether or not we could take the money that was coming in from the companies and redistribute it to the writers. That I thought was interesting. . Particularly writers that were earning under a number. Or writers that were under a certain credit. Because what I didn’t want was this to just become something where showrunners got more money. Showrunners don’t need more money.

And I wanted to be more or what I would consider to be more aggressive about negotiating and, you know, in this case there was – sometimes there is value in kind of change in the sense of like, OK, if you’re stuck in a rut with a certain group you may be able to get out of a rut if they change up who is looking across the table from you. But they would have been terribly disappointed.

And honestly it’s silly if they had to do was just listen to the conversation we had with Chris Keyser. I couldn’t have been clearer about where my heart was.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** All right. Number three. WME has come with packaging proposals as recently as this past week. So this is referring to November 2019. They’re not doing it through the ATA. They want to meet as often as possible.

Did that actually happen though?

**John:** So, they would come back with proposals and then it would be radio silence for a long period of time. And so ultimately the issue you run into is they come up with these packaging proposals that are like, OK, that’s a half-step towards a place we don’t want to end up. So that’s really fundamentally what it was. I think there is an assumption that like, oh, if you would just sit down and talk and talk and talk and talk you would get to a place and that wasn’t actually sort of what was happening. But we were trying to keep those channels open as best as we could.

Your point about sometimes you just need to change the players is kind of where I think the progress was ultimately made in those last things. Because suddenly different people were showing up to those conversations and it’s just like they were empowered to actually get the thing done.

**Craig:** Yeah. And then the final thing is number four. At the moment the only agency – again, November 22, 2019 – at the moment the only agency not talking with the WGA is CAA. And then in parenthesis, to be fair it’s been a moment on ICM as well. Meaning I guess ICM had sort of started a side discussion and then just dropped away completely.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** So my guess is that that’s going to be amusing and annoying to CAA because I presume that they were all like, “We’re not talking to those guys,” and then CAA was actually not talking to you and everybody else was like whisper, whisper. So, yeah.

**John:** So obviously these are four things that I wish I could have – I felt like if I could have shared them with you it would have made our conversations so much less – I would have felt better if I could have told you these things, but I couldn’t tell you these things. And it just really helped to explain why I could seem Pollyannaish about how things were going to get resolved compared to your grumpiness.

**Craig:** Well, I mean, it still did take–

**John:** Oh yeah.

**Craig:** –beyond a year from that point to get resolved. It didn’t go – I mean, it was expensive for our union to file all the lawsuits and hire all the extra lawyers and all that obviously.

**John:** And ultimately we will know what that is because as a public union that’s all going to show up in the report. So we’ll see it.

**Craig:** And so, you know, sometimes unions have to spend money to win fights. Obviously the longer they go the more expensive they are. There are a few things about this that I love and there are a few things about it that I hate.

Let’s talk about the things I love. We won. Right? So we wanted to achieve something and we did. And it was something that – well the end of production, of agency-owned production, and the stripping away of the onerous aspects of packaging, which is most of them, was something that ultimately I did thing that we had total leverage to do. I didn’t see how this was even really a negotiation if the Writers Guild wanted to just not have any other version beyond all or nothing. It was never going to be something the agencies could win. They just couldn’t, because we are in charge of that agreement and we can cut them off. And furthermore the Writers Guild sort of changed their position. Initially they were saying it was sort of voluntary and then they said it’s not voluntary. You have to fire your agents.

And so it seemed to me like that was something that was very achievable. And we did achieve it. The only thing that could have kept that from happening as far as I can tell other than an adverse legal decision, which was possible I suppose, was some kind of like march on the guild by a thousand writers saying we want to go back to our agencies, which didn’t happen.

Now, some people think it happened. But it didn’t. We’ll get to that in a minute. Another thing I love about this is that it sets a precedent for the companies to some extent that when we have a firm kind of life or death position on something it’s firm. And we mean it. And we are willing to go to lengths. And we are willing to wait. Times have changed. It’s a different kind of situation out there in part because of the way the companies have demolished the middle class. They have done this to themselves, and the agencies did this to themselves, too.

And so the demographics are such of the union that people really, you know, they have fewer Fs to give as the phrase says. They are not going to let the companies or the agencies kind of roll over on them when it comes to odious practices like packaging and agency production. That’s what I loved.

**John:** Let me talk about the things I loved, and then we’ll get into the things I didn’t love. One of the things I really loved about the whole thing was watching people step up. And so we’ve talked about members stepping up and actually just like, OK, I’m now literally going to take agency and start working to find my own jobs and start working to find jobs for people I know and people I don’t know. So things like the staffing boost challenge and other things to sort of get people read and sort of get, especially TV writers, staffed. It was great to see that.

**Craig:** Yeah.

**John:** I saw lawyers stepping up. And independent of sort of like having to do agent-y kind of jobs, what I did find consistently is like, you know, attorneys had to be more involved in their client’s lives and actually talking with them about sort of what they’re trying to achieve. And that’s good. I mean, without lawyers negotiating some of these big things I think you wouldn’t have seen some of the headlines that were sort of encouraging along the way. And your attorney had to do great work for you obviously. So that was great to see. And I think reminded people that you have more than just your agent sort of on your team. And I saw the guild working its ass off. And so I think there’s obviously things to criticize, but you see the new things that they rolled out in terms of the directory, in terms of new systems, about letting unrepped writers advocate for themselves was really good an important. Because while I think you and I both have been pretty consistent in terms of like agents can be really helpful for writers, but they shouldn’t be absolutely essential for writers. And there’s a lot of people who are especially in TV and places where maybe they don’t actually need to have an agent doing some of the stuff that we’ve been having them do.

So I think some of the systems that the guild was able to put online were good and smart and should continue. And apparently will continue, which is great.

**Craig:** Yeah. I agree with all of those. I think everything you said is more stuff that I love. And I do.

Stuff we didn’t love.

**John:** Stuff we didn’t love. I’ll start with stuff I didn’t love.

**Craig:** Go for it.

**John:** That first year was one of the most stressful years of my life. Just in terms of the number of phone calls I had to be on with people who had worries or said they had worries. And these are 45 minute, hour-long calls with a single person talking them off the ledge about what was going on. And some of these people were historically anti-WGA. And the people who are historically anti-WGA is often because they had a bad experience with the guild, especially about arbitration. There’s people who just don’t love the guild and I was dealing with them.

But some of them actually were concern trolls who – and by concern trolls I mean people who pretend they’re on your side, but they kind of aren’t and they just sap all the energy out of you. And it just gave me such a bad taste for that. And I can think of probably 30 people I had to have those phone calls with. Not one of them has contacted me in the weeks since this has signed saying like, “Hooray, this is done.”

And it’s not important really, but also it shows me that I think some of these people really weren’t acting in good faith. They were kind of honestly being selfish and were not thinking about me as an individual during all of this. And that sucks.

And so it’s a small part of the experience. On the whole I’m so happy with where we ended up. But I do have a particular distaste for some people and sort of how they chose to demand my time during this period.

**Craig:** Yeah. Same.

**John:** Yeah. You got a few of those.

**Craig:** Yeah. Have you heard of the phrase “sea-lioning?”

**John:** No, I want to know what sea-lioning is.

**Craig:** OK, so sea-lioning comes from an Internet cartoon. And basically it’s the idea that it’s a kind of troll that asks you questions. The questions are incredibly innocuous like, “You know what, I’m not necessarily in agreement with your position but I want to know more so can you just tell me how would you do something differently?” And you’re like, OK, you’re coming at me with a perfectly good faith nice question. Let me answer. And they’re like, “Huh. All right. Let me just ask you this then. How is that different from this? OK, one more question. If you do that…” And then about a thousand questions later you realize you’ve been sea-lioned. That this was never in good faith. This was literally something where they were just tormenting you by asking you endless questions that they were not interested in actually. This was not in good faith.

There’s one person in particular that I tip my hat to him. He was really good at it. I will resent him forever for it, but I tip my hat to him.

So there were a lot of people who were engaging in kind of bad behavior and that does happen.

**John:** It does happen. And one thing I do want to acknowledge is that, yes, I left the board during the time, so people maybe weren’t as focused on me, but I was clearly still on the negotiating committee for this and for the MBA. And I was surprised how much it died down. Like there were still people who were clearly like when is this agency campaign going to be over, but also like I wasn’t getting barraged by those same questions and there wasn’t the same sort of panic and dread.

Even David Goodman who is our president said like, “Yeah, it’s weird how quite everyone just sort of got.” And everyone was sort of like, well, yeah, it’s going to get resolved eventually.

**Craig:** I actually got nervous about that. I thought that was possibly a sign that people were just sort of slinking back. And maybe they were. Yeah, I was getting nervous. In fact, that is one of the things that I don’t like – one of my not like things was a sense that the guild has, or had, during this exercise a tendency to let in and emphasize good news and ignore and deemphasize bad news. And I don’t think the guild should be in that business. I don’t think the guild is like a store that should be talking about how great sales have been in the first quarter and sort of ignoring that costs have gone up or something.

It always felt a little bit – at times you felt a little gas-lit. When things are not going well they’re telling us it’s going great. When we get a very adverse legal decision and we’re told it’s not that bad actually. Or, you know, yeah, we said it would be four weeks, but it will probably be in another two weeks. I wish the guild would do a little bit better, or a lot of bit better at being a little bit more pessimistic in the sense of being realistic.

**John:** Yeah. I can see that. And so there were moments where the headlines weren’t awesome, but I also felt like the headlines that weren’t awesome were kind of deadline headlines that were kind of misconstruing a bit of what was going on. So, the bad headlines were mostly about court decisions. And they would say like, oh, they threw out 20 of the WGA’s complaints, but didn’t acknowledge that like, oh, and actually 15 of them are still going and discovery is about to happen. So there was that.

So, point five on that PDF I sent you was probably the crucial thing which I knew that you didn’t know at that point was that a global pandemic would shut down the world. And with that in mind I knew that things would take a lot longer. So, it’s been frustrating this last week. People say like, oh, it’s all because of Covid that the agencies signed. And it’s like, well, that’s not really the case. Because as I made clear like we were talking with them beforehand. Some of this stuff was getting figured out. And then Covid kind of slowed a bunch of stuff down. We signed a couple of deals right away, but then everyone is figuring out like what the hell are we doing. And so it’s hard for us to have these agency negotiations when the agencies are like do we have to lay everybody off? What is going on?

**Craig:** I agree with that. I don’t think that this was something that Covid precipitated, meaning that this resolution, this favorable resolution was precipitated by Covid. If it were precipitated by Covid it would have been done a year ago.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** Or, whatever, ten months ago I completely agree. I think Covid slowed down a lot of stuff there. I mean, in a way maybe that’s why it got quiet. People were suddenly concerned about dying, handling their families.

**John:** Hierarchy of needs sort of shifted there. It’s so easy to forget how scary that was right at the start. We just didn’t know what the world was going to look like, and so do we bother negotiating this thing? And at the same time in context we were also negotiating the next MBA agreement which was we started to have the big public meetings about that. There were clearly a lot of things on the table and we had to postpone. There was a lot going on. So, you know, everything would have been different without the pandemic, but that’s just the last 12 months. There’s nothing in the last 12 months that wouldn’t have been different without that.

**Craig:** I agree. A couple more things that I rued. Rued. The promotion of managers by the guild I thought was unnecessary and dangerous. Specifically because managers literally embody everything that we’re trying to get rid of in the agencies. I mean, I really do not like this conflict of interest stuff. It’s why I’m against the way packaging functions. It’s why I was so angry about the agencies and their production companies. And so we start sending writers to managers that have been doing this forever? It didn’t make sense then. It makes no sense to me now. It will never make sense. And just today the Writers Guild helpfully informed us all that managers can no longer procure employment for us per the Writers Guild. They could never procure employment for us per state law.

So that was the other thing that kind of blew my mind was that the Writers Guild just kind of said this like it wasn’t even fair to managers in a sense, because managers are not legally allowed to procure employment. Lawyers are in a different place because they have a fiduciary responsibility that was a different situation.

So I just was really just regretted that the guild did that. I wish they hadn’t. And it was unnecessary. I think maybe they did it because they thought it was going to strengthen our hand, but I don’t think it did. I just think it drove more writers into the arms of people that do precisely the thing we want to stop. And if everybody gets ready for another war, please let me know, because I hope it’s against the managers.

**John:** Yeah. And I should stress that when we surveyed members, members love managers, and members did not love their agents. That’s what it comes down to. The idealist in me sees that. But the pragmatist in me sees like people don’t have a beef with their managers, so yeah.

**Craig:** Yeah. I mean, I think that they don’t have a beef with their managers until they do.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** That’s what happens generally speaking.

I am hopeful but skeptical about how this is going to impact the bottom line of our most vulnerable writers. There is a good economic theory that I myself – I wish that people who think that I was like some sort of agency toady could have seen how – here’s my secret belief – how many arguments I would get into with people explaining why this was exactly a fight we needed to fight. It’s really frustrating when you’re being called like a scab and all the rest of that and you’re like I also just called a union idiot 30 minutes ago by somebody who didn’t think we should be doing this at all, but OK.

But the point was that if the agencies are – if their income is decoupled from the earnings of writers they have no reason to push earnings of writers up. Earnings of writers will drop to their minimum and stay there. So, the question now is with the money that the studios used to be shipping to the agencies are they going to be shipping it to the writers? Remember that the lower earning writers on TV shows are, at least in the short term, are going to be losing money on this because they have to pay their agents now 10%.

So will salaries go up? I hope that they do. And I would argue that it is going to be primarily the responsibility of showrunners to make that happen. And fulfill their end of this contract, this bargain, with the membership. Everybody sacrificed here and it is my great hope that we start to see those salaries coming up.

We did not make any kind of official instrument to redirect that income, which is something I was interested in. Fair enough. Other people weren’t. So it’s going to have to be done informally. And I hope it is.

**John:** So, two points of clarification there. We say that those writers weren’t paying 10%, but a lot of them were. So it’s only if you were at the same agency that packages that you weren’t paying that 10%. So many of those lower level writers it’s a wash. They were paying 10% regardless.

**Craig:** That’s fair.

**John:** And we should actually know the answer to these questions. We should actually have a much better sense of what writers are really getting paid because we will have contracts and invoices. And so traditionally the only thing we know about TV writer pay has been – this is a whole other issue – but we only knew what they were getting in WGA coverage rather than sort of–

**Craig:** Producer.

**John:** Producer fees. And now we’ll see the contracts and actually really know what the take home pay is. And we’ll have to survey people and we can actually have hard data of that. So we can see what the growth is time after time.

**Craig:** Do we have time for one more gripe?

**John:** Sure.

**Craig:** And this is the most important one. There was a remarkable expression of anti-democratic thought inside of our union. It’s happened before. It happened again. And it will happen again I’m sure. And it goes like this. If the majority leadership is doing something you have to support it. If you disagree with them publicly, if you run against them, if you challenge them for election, you are not only disloyal to your union, you are actively undermining what the union is doing, therefore you are a scab. This is not something that I’m saying out of fabulizing some crazy person’s thinking. This is something that was said repeatedly, over and over, and written over and over in public. There’s evidence of it all over the place.

Now, for me, there was a very strange week and I don’t compare this to the strange year you had because a week is way shorter than a year. But I did have a strange week where I was sitting in a hospital in Salt Lake City with my son who had had emergency abdominal surgery, and tubes going in and out of him, and trying to write a campaign statement and being called a scab on Twitter. And a lot of other things. [laughs] Word things that were worse.

And it was deeply unpleasant. And also frustrating. Because there is something so evidently self-denying about it. A unity argument in which unity must be enforced by screaming at people who disagree with you. That’s not unity. That’s just bullying. And there was an example of it recently from a member of the board who went on Twitter and said some things about, you know, other members and other people, not me specifically. But it was just mean. And I thought uncalled for. And the spirit of it is not forgotten.

And so if we’re trying to be unified we have to figure out a way as a membership to respect each other as long as we are following the rules. Right? If you follow the rules, you fire your agent, you stick by your guns, you do it right, and then you are, you know, and you have disagreements about how we are pursuing the goals, then you’re following the rules. And we need to figure out how to allow that to exist without defining it as disloyalty or god forbid scabbing which is a terrible thing to accuse somebody of.

**John:** Two kind of related points is that during the time when things got really heated and leading up to the election and such, I sort of got thrown out as the person who had to be the peacekeeper and let’s remind everybody that this is a democratic process and stuff like that. What I couldn’t say that I wanted to say is that when stuff like scab were being thrown around constantly what I was being told is like, “You’re lying.”

Because we would say that this is a thing that’s happening and people would say to my face in front of a whole crowd, “Well I don’t believe you. You’re lying. You’re making that up.” And I couldn’t say because we were – I was telling the truth, but I couldn’t prove it because we were in these negotiations.

So, I got so sick of being called a liar, sort of those words, constantly. So that was my frustration. I was not allowed to yell back about sort of what they were calling me. So that was a great source of frustration.

**Craig:** Yeah.

**John:** The other thing which was happening which again I don’t know that it’s useful to dig out all of this and I think someone will write a book that actually sort of goes into what was happening on the agency side of this.

**Craig:** Worst book ever. [laughs]

**John:** Well, I genuinely don’t have a sense of like what those negotiations were like between the big four and stuff like that.

We do know because these people would also then reach out to – there would be people saying like, “Oh hey I’m brokering this thing.” There was a lot of time people were trying to have side conversations to do stuff. That was really hurting us. And that truly is a thing.

And so is that against the rules? Yeah. It’s not good. It’s not helping. And so that was – I think some of the frustration you’re hearing from folks who were on the negotiating committee or the board is we know what certain individuals were doing and how much it did screw us.

**Craig:** That I understand. I still think, look, if you are in an elected office in the union, and I was, and you were, then you have a certain kind of added responsibility to be–

**John:** That’s why I didn’t and that’s why I’ve not shouted out to people or called them by name.

**Craig:** That’s correct.

**John:** Just so you know that’s where a lot of that frustration is coming from. They may have genuinely believed that they were helping, but when we tell them that they’re undermining they just keep doing it. And so I think things went on a little longer, maybe in some cases a lot longer than they needed to, because they were instilling a false belief in our adversaries that we were close to folding, or that some middle ground was going to be formed. And it wasn’t there.

**Craig:** All I can say is that I hope that there’s a way for folks to treat each other a bit more respectfully.

**John:** I would hope so, too.

**Craig:** In all directions. I think that we have to remember in the membership that our board members and our president and vice president and secretary and treasurer are writers. They’re not being paid. They’ve volunteered for that. Granted, they did so voluntarily and, you know, there’s a little bit – you’ll always have to take a little bit of heat when you’re in that position, but you have to keep in mind that they’re not your servants. And then, you know, in the other direction we have to figure out how to respectfully tolerate dissent. As long as people–

**John:** That’s crucial.

**Craig:** –are following the rules. I mean, that’s the important thing. And if we start stretching the word “scab” to mean anybody that disagrees with something the president of the guild says we’re in serious trouble.

**John:** I would agree with you there. I would look forward to hopefully more normal elections where we get a range of opinions and it’s not – it shouldn’t be and it probably won’t be so polarized about a single issue.

I want to wrap this up by saying I always kind of dreaded these discussions with you on the podcast because it was just so uncomfortable. And we don’t fight in real life. But the closest we ever come to fighting has been about these issues. And so I just feel so good to be able to put a pin in this and to move past this. And I know it was a source of stress for Megana as well because she is just listening to us fight, it’s like mom and dad fighting. And for our listeners, too.

**Craig:** That’s the worst part. If Megana gets upset then I just feel terrible. I know that you don’t actually have feelings. You have circuitry. You have your root sub routines. But Megana…

And, listen, you did a great job. That’s the god’s honest truth. And we were both of us in a strange position, because I get blamed for stuff all the time that I didn’t do. And also apparently entire agencies think that I’m who I’m not.

We were each getting it from multiple ends. And so it is a difficult thing to process through and there were times where you definitely were in a tough spot. And I give you credit. You always listened respectfully. I mean, you behaved the way elected officials should behave.

**John:** Yeah. And I think people would comment on like, “Oh, I like how you’re modeling the conversation of respectful listening and sort of talking through the issues and not getting upset about it.” But I was secretly really upset. But we’re still modeling. I’m still modeling–

**Craig:** So was I. I mean, I think that’s part – look, you can’t avoid getting upset. There are times when we’re going to head into situations where we are going to feel things, you can’t avoid that. All you can do as hopefully a decent person is remember that the person on the other end is a human being. That they are a good human being. That you hope that they listen to you. And you hope that you can do the same for them.

And so, yes, it’s inevitable that you’re going to get upset. There’s no shame in being upset. It’s just how you handle it. So, you know, and you had a harder job for sure and so I just, you know, tip my hat. You did a really good job. You were my favorite, by far.

**John:** Aw.

**Craig:** Of all of the leadership.

**John:** Now I feel all warm and happy. Now he loves me.

**Craig:** Oh yeah. Of course. Listen, of course I love you. But, you know, you really did a great job. And that’s not surprising to me because you are, you know, all joking aside you are more human than I am I suspect. And you want to bridge gaps and find common ground which is exactly the right instinct. And we need more of you, not fewer.

**John:** Well thank you. That was really nice to say. Thank you.

**Craig:** Hats off to you. And, you know, listen, hats off to the membership and the guild for achieving something while arguing amongst themselves, which is what we do. As long as you followed the rules. I’ll just keep saying. You’ve got to follow the rules. So, there you go.

**John:** All right. This is a time in the show where we listener questions where we invite on Megana Rao to ask those questions. But I’m going to start with my first question for Megana. Was this experience uncomfortable for you because I didn’t want to put words in your mouth? How are you feeling about the end of this and this end of this chapter in Scriptnotes?

**Megana Rao:** I’ve been like so giddy. I feel a lot of emotions right now just in this past hour of recording. I’ve been sad, and happy, and relieved. And I have been dying to know what was on that USB. I didn’t realize the toll it was taking on my mental health having it be encrypted. And now I feel just like a huge weight has been lifted off of me.

**Craig:** Wow. You’re way more curious. I should say, I’m way less curious.

**Megana:** Well, I feel like it’s come up in conversations between John and I and I just keep being like what is on that USB.

**Craig:** Yeah.

**John:** And so that was a long setup on the show. And was the payoff worth it? You tell me. Was the payoff worth it?

**Megana:** Uh…

**John:** No it wasn’t. Was it? [laughs] It really, I oversold it.

**Megana:** It’s like when you have a time capsule and you think it’s going to be the coolest thing ever and then…

**Craig:** I thought there were some interesting – I mean, look, it’s about wonky stuff.

**John:** Yeah.

**Craig:** So it’s not like oh my god this is going to tell us who shot JFK.

**John:** Well let’s answer some listener questions in the here and now. Do you want to start us off, Megana?

**Megana:** Great. So Ryan asked, “I’m finishing up the first draft for a feature and having that cold feet moment I sometimes get before I turn in a draft to the studio. It’s an original story and my deal includes revision steps. So I know I will get notes and I know I will make changes. There are a few minor things I’ve already spotted that I may end up changing, but overall the draft is in pretty good shape. Do you guys sometimes send your first draft for feedback knowing there’s still edits you’ll probably make on the next pass, even if you don’t get the specific notes? Or do you make all the possible improvements you can before you open the kitchen to other cooks?

“Basically, how do you know when your draft is ready to send?”

**John:** So, the realistic answer is the draft is due, I have to send it in. So that becomes the deciding factor. But, I get what Ryan is asking here. Sometimes you know that there’s things you’re going to want to change and maybe you’re going to save/hold back on changing some of those things because it will give you a thing to do in the next pass.

I would not send in that thing for preliminary review. First off, you shouldn’t do that. Because then you’re going to end up doing free work and it’s going to be a mess. And you don’t know what kind of stuff they’re going to ask for. But you only get really one shot for that first impression. So if you’re going to share it with somebody share it with somebody who is not in the chain of decision-making and get their take on it. And in that conversation you can have like, “Oh, I’m thinking about changing these things. Is that something I should think about?” And you can really have a conversation with the person who has read the script.

But in general every draft you turn in should be the best reflection of what you hope the movie could and should be.

**Craig:** Yes. Ryan, I know what you’re feeling there, too. And I have to say that I’m kind of extreme on this. So I don’t know if this is good advice or not. But the way I approach it is when I turn in a draft my job, I believe this is my job, is to hand over a document that could be shot the next day.

**John:** Yup.

**Craig:** If I know that there’s something that could be better and I know how to make it better I should make it better. That’s what the job is. Now, if there is something that I think is wrong, but I don’t know why or how, that’s where hopefully there’s somebody in the process I can talk to like a good producer to say, “Let’s just talk for an hour, because I’m running into a stumbling block.”

But I don’t want to send a script with that stumbling block included. I want to resolve it before I turn the script in. So I know the draft is ready to send when it feels like it is a good solid, clean undamaged representation of my intention. And that’s not easy to do.

**John:** Yeah. It’s tough. But I think we’re both saying like every draft you send in has to really reflect your best work. And so don’t send in something that you know is broken.

**Craig:** Correct. That is a bad look as the kids say.

**John:** Megana, what else do you have for us?

**Megana:** OK, so Michelle asks, “How do screenwriters take vacations? Let’s say you have a two-week Europe trip planned six months ago and then you get hired to do a writing assignment a month before that long-planned vacation. The draft is due in ten weeks, but two of those are supposed to be vacation. Do you cancel the trip because you need the work? Or is there any way to tell the producer that you need an extra two weeks? Or do screenwriters just book all trips last minute once they turn in a draft?

“Also, what if you and your partner are both screenwriters?”

**Craig:** Wow.

**John:** Writer’s vacation. This could be a whole episode. I’ve had a really hard time – I have a hard time taking vacations, but my husband will say like, “Oh, we’re taking a vacation during this time,” and I’m like OK. And I do it.

**Craig:** Yup. That’s how it goes over here. I’m like you. Vacation isn’t a thing in my head. You know like people sit there and daydream about vacations and I don’t. And if left alone no vacations will occur. So it is up to my wife to say, “All right, that’s it. We’re doing it. It’s happening. This is when it’s happening.” Because then at that point it’s not me. I’m not the one calling people saying I have to go away for two weeks. I’m calling them and telling them that I’ve been hired by a higher power to go away for two weeks. And that people seem to understand. Everybody has a boss. And when it comes to vacations my wife is the boss.

**John:** Michelle asks sort of on the ten-week writing assignment and two weeks of those you’re on vacation. That just happens and you just make it work. And you can work from anywhere. When I was doing the Arlo Finch books I just absolutely had to write a thousand words a day. And so wherever we were I would block out an hour or two hours of my time and get out of the room and write during that time. And that’s great, too. But I also feel that there’s a place at which writers actually do need to take real vacations. And I’d welcome our listeners to write in, especially our listeners who are working writing professionals, how do they think about vacations and how do they actually take time off, because I’ve never been good at it.

**Craig:** Same. Yeah.

**John:** How about one more question.

**Megana:** All right, so Mr. Aussie writes, “Last year my dream came true. I finally got the call from Hollywood after a short film of mine went viral. I got an LA manager and many chats and phone calls were lighting up my life. Now Covid has prevented me from flying over for general meetings with all the major studios. And I finally felt like I had made it. I find myself in a dark depression waiting for a call back of good news, or that something is being picked up or green lit. I know the odds are low, but now it’s like I just lay on my bed at night in the dark with no hope or desire to write or create. I feel empty and jaded and I know I’m better than this but can’t seem to snap out of it.

“I’d love to know if depression is real with those over in Hollywood who have movies and TV series green lit year to year and how they deal with it.”

**John:** Oh, Mr. Aussie. You have depression.

**Craig:** Yeah.

**John:** You have depression. You have an actual medical condition. It’s called depression. And you need someone to help with your depression because that’s what you’re experiencing. It’s a real phenomenon. And it’s not just being a little sad. You have depression. It’s the thing that you have. And people here have it. People everywhere have it. And people who have big successful TV shows have it. And you need someone to help you with it.

**Craig:** Yeah. We’ll talk through the easy parts first, Mr. Aussie. The fact that Covid has prevented you from flying over here is actually irrelevant. Covid prevents all of us over here from going anywhere also. We might as well be in Australia. The only difference between us and you in terms of meeting people is just that we’re on the time zone so we’ll probably be a little more awake. But beyond that all chats and all phone calls are being done over Zoom or regular phones. So that as a circumstance is actually not the problem.

I’m not here to tell you what has led you into this depression, because I’m not a professional. What I can tell you is depression is real with people in Hollywood who have movies and TV series green lit year to year. Without question. In fact, there is a higher, I would argue, incidence of depression and crippling anxiety among artistic, creative professionals than in any other occupation because our minds are overactive and we work with emotion. That’s our paint. And at times it backfires on us, and at times it gets depleted. And we get hurt and everyone’s damage manifests in different ways and this is how yours is manifesting.

John is absolutely right. This is not a thing that you snap out of. This is a thing that you get treated for. So you’re going to make an appointment to see a therapist and a psychiatrist. You’re going to talk about your symptoms. You’re going to talk about your situation. And they are ideally going to treat you well. There is absolutely hope. You may not feel hope, but feelings are not facts. Hope is there regardless of whether you feel it or not.

So, go ahead and reach out and start doing the work to take care of this condition. It is a medical condition. And you should not ignore it or think that you’re responsible for ending it yourself. [Craig’s phone rings] Decline. Sorry. You know what? I think maybe just leave it here as an example for Mr. Aussie of things are just messy and awkward in real life.

**John:** Yeah. And so I would just urge you, do something right now. It doesn’t have to be like making the appointment with the therapist, but tell someone in your life that this is a plan that you’re going to be doing and get them to help you just make that first step to talk to that person. Because it’s going to get better as you start doing the things to make it get better. That’s just how it works.

All right. It has come time for our One Cool Things. My One Cool Thing I have actually had for a while and I just keep forgetting to give it. So, this is the Kikkerland Make Your Own Music Box Kit. So click through the link there Craig and you’ll see it’s this little, it’s like a music box assembly with a little crank and these strips of paper that you feed in and then you use a special hole punch to punch the notes into the strips and it feeds through.

**Craig:** Oh my. This is the most John August thing I think I’ve ever seen.

**John:** It’s musical. It’s mechanical. It is just delightful. And so I was trying to figure out – somebody on Twitter, I think another screenwriter, had linked to it and had done Tainted Love with strips.

**Craig:** Oh nice.

**John:** Which is fantastic. I think the ideal use of this gift would be to buy one of these kits, make the song for like a gift for somebody, like their favorite song, and to hand them the device and the thing. But I will give you an example, just a little short thing that I punched myself.

[Music plays – the Scriptnotes Theme]

**Craig:** I know that song.

**John:** So I will build out a fuller version at some point, but it’s just simple and delightful, so try that.

**Craig:** Wonderful. And affordable.

My One Cool Thing this week is a person by the name of Thor.

**John:** I like Thor.

**Craig:** Thor. Not God of Thunder Thor, but my friend Thor Knai. I think it’s Knai. I don’t really ever say his last name. It’s Knai. It could be Knai, but I think it’s Knai. He’s Norwegian, or Knorwegian. And Thor is the dungeon master of the game that I play in. So I DM a campaign with our friends, like you play in that game of course. And then I am a player in that game on a further along path and Thor is the DM of that game.

Thor is also now available essentially to hire. So the way we play is over Zoom and Roll 20 and it works beautifully. But it will only work as good as your DM.

**John:** That’s true.

**Craig:** Thor is spectacularly good at it. I mean, he’s really, really, really good at it. He runs a number of games and his expertise and his style are just spot on. I’ve learned a lot just observing him DM. I think every DM should be playing also. It’s good for us to always be on the other side and feel what works and what doesn’t work.

So he’s available to hire. If you are thinking about putting together a private game but you don’t have a DM, reach out. So he’s on this site called startplaying.games. We’ll include a link in the show notes. And he puts together custom games, modules, all sorts of stuff. And he’s terrific. Just a very gentle, sweet, fun dude who knows how to DM as well as anyone.

**John:** That’s great. So I strongly recommend if you have a group of friends who want to play or you played when you were in high school and haven’t played since it feels like a great way to get back into it. And typically Roll 20, Craig and I did this series that we’ll put a link to in how to get started GM’ing there. But someone who really knows what they’re doing will have a much better landing experience. So, yeah—

**Craig:** John, have you clicked on the link? Don’t if you haven’t yet.

**John:** I have clicked on it.

**Craig:** Oh, you have. Because I was going to ask you if you hear about a guy named Thor Knai from Norway who is a DM what would you imagine he would look like?

**John:** Well, bearded. And so bearded was correct. But he’s also sort of like more kind of like Rob McElhenney sort of like white attractive actor guy.

**Craig:** He’s a very handsome guy. I think people sometimes are like, “Oh, yeah, you know, Dungeons & Dragons are nerds.” He actually looks a little bit like he could be Thor. Like he could play Thor. And he is an actor.

Anyway, so great guy. Check him out.

**John:** Cool. That is our show for this week. Scriptnotes is produced by Megana Rao. Thank you, Megana. It is edited by Matthew Chilelli. Our outro this week is by Eric Pearson. If you have an outro you can send us a link to ask@johnaugust.com. That’s also the place where you can send longer questions. For short questions on Twitter I am @johnaugust. Craig is no longer really on Twitter so don’t tweet at him.

We have t-shirts and they’re great. You can find them at Cotton Bureau. You can also find the show notes for this episode and all episodes at johnaugust.com. We’ll include a link also to the WGA timeline that sort of talks through when everything happened over the course of the past three years.

You’ll find transcripts at johnaugust.com. And you can sign up there for our weekly-ish newsletter called Inneresting which has lots of links to things about writing.

You can sign up to become a Premium member of Scriptnotes at Scriptnotes.net where you get all the back episodes and bonus segments like the one we’re about to record. Craig, thank you for a fun show and a nice closure to a whole saga.

**Craig:** Ah, it has been laid to rest. Thank you sir.

[Bonus segment]

**John:** So that music was sort of nostalgic and got me thinking back to my youth which ties in very well to a question from Alec Amate who is a curious 25-year-old. He asks, “The further I get into my 20s the more I realize how little I know and how I really have no clue what’s going on. While this doesn’t disturb me that much, I’m curious. If you could offer one essential piece of advice to someone in their 20s what would it be? Thanks so much.”

So I took this to be like my 20-year-old self. Really he’s talking early 20s. What things do you think would be helpful for a person in their 20s to know?

**Craig:** Well–

**John:** I can start.

**Craig:** Go for it.

**John:** Or you start.

**Craig:** No, no, no. I want to hear what you say.

**John:** So, to me, I think it took me a long time to realize that everybody around me was faking it. I felt like I was the imposter and everybody else knew what they were doing. And eventually I realized like, oh right, no one knows what they’re doing and they’re all just winging it. And if I had realized that earlier on I would just have had much more confidence and given myself permission to take risks because like no one knows what they’re doing.

And I would also understand, like I’d be a little more sympathetic to people knowing that they’re messing up because they really had no idea what they were doing. And they had no clear plan. They were just faking it, too. So I would have left myself off the hook and other people off the hook a little bit more if I had just understood that no one kind of knows what they doing.

**Craig:** Yeah. No one does know what they’re doing. Everyone is a child. It’s just that we get more wrinkly.

Yeah, I think maybe if I were giving myself in my 20s specific advice I would probably say that even though you are angry for all sorts of reasons, including a number of very good ones, that empathy is going to make you feel better than anger. Now, I still get angry all the time. Don’t get me wrong. But I get angry about things. I try not to get angry at people. When I do feel angry about people or angry at people then I try and forcibly put myself in their shoes and remind myself that everybody has got something going on. Everybody. And that has made me happier. Seems maybe it’s counterintuitive. I don’t know. Maybe in your 20s you’re so ready to take on the world and you’ve been taught that you’ve got to beat the world into submission that it seems counterintuitive. But here I am on the doorstep of 50 and it seems more clear to me than ever that the more connected I am to another person the happier I feel about myself.

**John:** Yeah. But it’s not an illusion. There’s many, many studies that back that up. Essentially being able to think about someone else’s well-being ends up making you feel better. It does reflect back on you. So there’s a classic example where you sit still and you watch people walking past and you just think good thoughts about all of them. You wish them well individually. And you will noticeably feel better about yourself. And you will personally feel better just because it gets your brain thinking in that space.

**Craig:** Vastly preferable to Sea-Lioning.

**John:** Indeed.

So, Craig, I think you know that I have one tattoo. Do you know about my tattoo?

**Craig:** What?

**John:** Is that a surprise to you?

**Craig:** I mean, I think it’s a surprise. It doesn’t strike me as something I knew.

**John:** Yeah. So I got this tattoo when I was 21 years old. It was while I was at USC, my first year at USC. So friends came down who were living in San Francisco and we had a really drunken, debauched weekend, which was really fun. And we ended up in Venice. And they all had tattoos and I was like I want to get a tattoo. So I got a tattoo on my ankle. And I wanted it to be Latin, but I also didn’t have a lot of money, so I just did the initials for a Latin phrase, which is [Latin phrase] which would translate roughly to “Let me fear nothing, not even fear.”

And it’s been really good advice for me. I come back to that a lot. Most of the things in life that I regret are the things I didn’t do rather than the things I did. And so really to take more chances and to not worry that I will chicken out. Not to worry about being afraid. Just get over it. And that pushing ahead is generally the best policy for me.

**Craig:** Yeah. I think that’s great advice.

I have no tattoos, but I do often think about Don Rhymer’s final words which I believe his son has tattooed which simply “Focus on the Good.” And it’s so simple, but you kind of just want to float right by it until you realize how frequently we focus on what’s not working and we focus on the worst parts of ourselves. Where we are too fat. Where we are too thin. Where we’re too bad. Whatever it is. And we focus on what we haven’t achieved. And what dream hasn’t come true. And all of that.

And, sure, count your blessings and all that. But focusing on the good is really valuable because there is something good there to look at and to appreciate. You know, I like that.

When I remind myself that it came from a dying man it becomes all the more true. Because I will be a dying man and I know there’s no way that I’m going to be there and go, “Oh, Don, you were totally wrong. You should totally focus on the crap, man. That’s important.” No, I mean, of course. Of course. As it is all coming to its conclusion you’re going to – it’s the things that are beautiful that you’re going to miss. So focus on them now.

**John:** Yeah. Whenever these kind of exercises come up where think back to your 20s and stuff like that I look back at those photos and I’m like, oh my god, you were better looking than you realized. You could have slept with a lot more people. Those are all sort of things that you can think about. You had these opportunities. Look at the body you had at that age.

And then I inevitably stop and think like, wait, what will the 80-year-old me think about the 20, 21 version of John? Why are you not taking advantage of the body that you had, the opportunities you had? And so I think I’m being more realistic about that now. And, you know, there’s a story you tell yourself, like a negative story, like I’m not that kind of person, I can’t do this kind of thing. And I always assume like, oh, you’re not an athletic person. But then it turned out I actually can do all that stuff pretty well. I could run a half-marathon.

So I would encourage my 20-year-old self to look at the negative stories you’re telling about yourself and really challenge them because they’re probably not actually true. They’re probably things that are difficult but not impossible.

**Craig:** Yeah. Great advice.

**John:** Thanks Craig.

**Craig:** Thank you, John.

Links:

* [Last of Us casts Pedro Pascal and Bella Ramsey](https://variety.com/2021/tv/news/the-last-of-us-hbo-series-cast-bella-ramsey-ellie-1234905508/?cx_testId=49&cx_testVariant=cx_1&cx_artPos=0#cxrecs_s)
* [WGA PR and Social Media Event]( http://click.email.wgaw.org/rsvp/?WGAWPR101) join John this Thursday, February 18th, 2021.
* [Timeline of the WGA Agency Campaign](https://johnaugust.com/timeline-of-the-wga-agency-campaign)
* [Scriptnotes 389: The Future of the Industry](https://johnaugust.com/2019/the-future-of-the-industry)
* [Sea Lioning](http://wondermark.com/1k62/)
* [Kikkerland Make Your Own Music Box Kit](https://amzn.to/3rJ7QiL)
* [Thor Knai, DnD Dungeon Master for hire](https://startplaying.games/game-master/dm-thorknai)
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* [Gift a Scriptnotes Subscription](https://scriptnotes.supportingcast.fm/gifts) or [treat yourself to a premium subscription!](https://scriptnotes.supportingcast.fm/)
* [John August](https://twitter.com/johnaugust) on Twitter
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* [John on Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/johnaugust/?hl=en)
* [Outro](http://johnaugust.com/2013/scriptnotes-the-outros) by Eric Pearson ([send us yours!](http://johnaugust.com/2014/outros-needed))
* Scriptnotes is produced by Megana Rao and edited by Matthew Chilelli.

Email us at ask@johnaugust.com

You can download the episode [here](http://traffic.libsyn.com/scriptnotes/488standard.mp3).

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