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Scriptnotes Transcript

Scriptnotes, Episode 706: Is TV Better Now?, Transcript

October 17, 2025 Scriptnotes Transcript

The original post for this episode can be found here.

John August: Hello, and welcome. My name is John August.

Craig Mazin: My name is Craig Mazin.

John: You’re listening to Episode 706 of Scriptnotes. It’s a podcast about screenwriting and things that are interesting to screenwriters.

Today on the show, television has changed a lot over the last decade, but has it changed for the better or for the worse, or is it a mix? We’ll talk about TV as experienced by viewers and by writers like Craig working in the medium. Then we’ll answer some listener questions. In our bonus segment for premium members, Craig, let’s talk coffee. You just had some coffee.

Craig: Yes.

John: I would say if you think screenwriters have strong opinions about formatting, you should hear some of them complain about coffee.

Craig: I think he said the keyword there, which is complain. God, screenwriters complain a lot.

John: That’s all we do. We sit around and we complain. You can hear some of those complaints live at the Austin Film Festival.

Craig: Segue man.

John: Reminder that we’re going to be at the Austin Film Festival. A couple of things on the calendar here. Thursday, October 24th, is the opening night party that Highland Pro, my company, is hosting. Come see us there. Drew will be there.

Craig: Drew’s a big draw.

John: You can see Drew in person.

Craig: Yes. I think we will–

John: Pull him from behind the mic right up front there.

Craig: People, do they want to touch the hem of your garment?

Drew Marquardt: Everywhere I go.

[laughter]

John: The opening night party is at the bar at the Driskill. That’s a crowded space.

Craig: Now, the Driskill had become a non-participant because they basically kicked the whole place out. I wonder why. I wonder what happened.

John: I think there is-

Craig: Mayhem?

John: -money and mayhem. They may also have been doing remodeling. Driskill is also a cool old hotel that was a weird fit in terms of space.

Craig: Yes, it was, but that bar is bananas.

John: It’s great for hanging out, but is bananas.

Craig: It’s crazy.

John: Friday, we’re hosting a Highland keynote at 10:45. We’re starting off a new feature for Highland. Craig, you at that same time are working with Alec Berg to talk about?

Craig: Oh, yes. Alec Berg and I are returning to do a second chapter of a panel we did years ago, Everything Everyone Is Telling You About Screenwriting Is Wrong, in which we go through all the advice you’re given. For instance, write what you know. We explain why that’s just wrong.

It’s very freeing, I have to say. You come there and you get liberated because if you’re going and you’re going to be at these panels, you’re going to hear a lot of what you’re supposed to do. Then you come to our panel, and we set you free from all of it.

John: Absolutely.

Craig: You got to do none of that.

John: That night, Scriptnotes, 9:00 PM, Scriptnotes Live. We’re back in the big room, and we’ll have special guests. We’ll do a couple of things. We’ll have some giveaways of the Scriptnotes galley. You’ll be some of the first people on earth to read the Scriptnotes book.

Craig: I will have one and a half glasses of wine.

John: I will have a nap, which will be great.

Craig: Oh, that’s nice.

John: Saturday, we have a Scriptnotes Live three-page challenge at 4:45 PM. When we do the live three-page challenge, the best part is the people come up on stage and we actually get to talk to them about their script and why they wrote it, and what they’re doing. We’re probably a little bit nicer because the person is in the room.

Craig: So much. Although I try to not be. I really do.

John: I try to give them information that they need.

Craig: I’m personally nice, but I’m not going to hold back too much.

John: For the three-page challenge that’s live at Austin, it’s the normal link you submit your scripts, journalist.com/three-page, all spelled out. There’s a special tick box on there now saying, I will be in person at the Austin Film Festival. Tick that box if you’re going to be there, and then Drew will know to look through just those ones for the pool of entries for this.

Craig: You’ll probably get four or five.

Drew: Just a couple.

Craig: Just a couple.

Drew: Handful. You just have to pick two of three.

John: Two, yes.

Craig: Easy.

John: We’ll probably have a special guest up there reading through these with us.

Craig: We usually do.

John: We usually do. Someone smart and great.

Craig: Somebody smart.

John: Fantastic. Come join us at the Austin Film Festival if you get a chance to. We don’t come every year, but we come most years, and it’s a good fun time. This past week, I went and visited the Entertainment Community Fund, which is the organization that helped us out when we were doing money for assistance during the pandemic. Do you remember that?

Craig: Sure do.

John: I distributed those grants. They are one of the main charities in this town who help support artists, but also crew members, anyone working in the entertainment industry who’s going through tough times. One of the things I wanted to highlight here is if you are a person who is working in the industry, who is on the verge of losing your health insurance, they have a whole special program which is just helping out those people to get them into short-term or long-term insurance solutions. Your instinct will be to go onto COBRA, which is maybe not the right choice.

Craig: Very expensive.

John: Very expensive. Notice to anyone listening to this podcast who’s like, “Oh, I’m going to lose my insurance at the end of the month or whatever,” we’re going to put a link in the show notes to talk to these people first because-

Craig: Definitely.

John: They have no vested interest in anything other than helping you get on insurance policy that’ll get you through, whether that be COBRA California or something else. It’s a reminder that it exists out there as a resource.

Craig: COBRA, unfortunately, fortunately, lets you buy the insurance you’ve been getting for, I think it’s a year or a year and a half. That’s your choice, is buy the insurance you were getting. If you’re getting insurance through the Writers’ Guild, it’s-

John: Crazy expensive.

Craig: -very expensive to buy. You’re better off seeking help with something like that.

John: An actor friend of mine ended up talking to them and getting on COBRA California and getting on Medi-Cal. It was good. It wasn’t as good as a SAG insurance, but it saved his ass.

Craig: It’s insurance.

John: It’s insurance.

Craig: It’s insurance.

John: Right now, all our European listeners are like, “You poor Americans.”

Craig: Yes, but I have things to say as well about their systems, which I’ve experienced.

John: Some follow-up. Scriptnotes book, we have signed editions now. Right before we recorded this podcast, Craig heroically signed 500 of these bookplates.

Craig: That was heroic. I got to tell you, I know people out there claim to be heroes, first responders, and so forth-

John: Craig, you doubted yourself. It seemed like, “This is going to be an impossible task,” and then you just banged it out.

Craig: Isn’t that the story of my life, John?

John: It really is.

Craig: Isn’t that me in a nutshell, doing the impossible?

John: Thank you to–

Craig: I wrote my name a lot.

John: You did write your name a lot. You didn’t even write your name a lot. You made two swirls next to each other.

Craig: Two swirls. When I was a kid, I don’t know, but I practiced my signature. The reason my signature looks the way it does is because my dad’s signature was equally garbly bizarre. I wanted to be like my dad, so I made my own version. Then I would just practice it over and over. It wasn’t like I was practicing it because I thought I would be famous or anything. I was practicing it because it just seemed like an adult thing to master. It served me so well now.

John: That’s great. I have two signatures. I have my signature for signing checks, and I have my signature, which is for signing other people’s merch. They’re substantially different. My merch signature is much more like a Walt Disney signature.

Craig: Sorry, you sign checks?

John: I’ve had to sign checks in the past. I don’t sign checks now.

Craig: How long ago? Actually, in my mind, I’m like, “When was the last time I signed a check?”

John: I signed a “check” for the other company like a week ago for– We gave a prize to this pitch competition, and I had to sign a physical check.

Craig: Wow.

John: Wow. There was a concern about the check, so they actually checked my signature.

Craig: Of course, there was a concern about the check because-

John: Why does the check exist?

Craig: What is this? My kids won’t know what it is.

John: No. Crazy.

Craig: Won’t know what it is, like they haven’t been born yet. They don’t know what it is.

John: Your future children won’t know what this is.

Craig: They won’t know.

John: If you would like one of these signed editions, it’s at a place called Premiere Collectibles. We’ll put it in the show notes, but you can just google Premiere Collectibles. You can pre-order them now, and the sticker will be in there, and you get a signed copy of the book. If you’ve already pre-ordered and you don’t care about this, thank you for pre-ordering the book. We’ve got hundreds of people send through their receipts to Drew. Keep doing that.

Craig: That’s crazy.

John: If you pre-order, send it to Drew. As we were signing, we were on the Zoom, we had a bunch of people who had pre-ordered before. We’re sending out special stuff to these people, including links to little live, streamy things. How many people did we have on the stream today?

Craig: That’s a great question.

John: We ended up with 80 questions we didn’t get to.

Craig: I think I was so under the avalanche of questions that I didn’t even see how many we had. We had 500 people signed up for it. That’s awesome.

John: That’s really cool.

Craig: That would make us one of the most popular videos on YouTube. 500.

John: 500.

Craig: 500 people.

John: 500 distinct people.

Craig: Let me hit triple digits. It’s a big deal.

John: We have some follow-up here from Patrick. We asked in Episode 704 about whether any three-page challenges had become movies, and Patrick had an answer.

Craig: Oh, that’s a good question. My project, Destination Earth, was a three-page challenge in, I believe, 2014. While it hasn’t been turned into a movie, I made it into a feature-length audio drama, which was released in 2020. Later that year, we were lucky enough to win the Australian Podcast Award in the fiction category. I think every writer has those favorite projects that never go anywhere. I’m glad this one’s out in the world in a format that people can enjoy and doesn’t have to linger in my projects folder, never to see the light of day.

John: The projects folder.

Craig: Yes.

John: You can listen to it at destinationearthaudio.com. Patrick, that’s great that you got this made. I would say that I would be surprised if a lot of the three-page challenges became movies because people were sending them through as test flight things. We weren’t picking the things we thought were the best things ever written, things that would be-

Craig: Instructive.

John: -instructive to talk about.

Craig: Out of any grouping of scripts, very few of them are going to get made. Out of the blacklist scripts, very few of them get made.

John: Let’s talk about scripts that haven’t been made. Drew, talk to us about Weekend Read because you’re the person who puts together collections. What is in Weekend Read, the app for iOS right now?

Drew: I’m doing ghost stories this week.

John: All right.

Drew: We have A Nightmare on Elm Street, American Horror Story, Beetlejuice, Coco, Crimson Peak, Doctor Sleep, Ghosts, Ghostbusters, Ghosts, the show, Insidious, Paranormal, Poltergeist, The Conjuring, Haunting of Hill House, Sixth Sense, and What Lies Beneath.

Craig: Where’s Blithe Spirit?

Drew: You always find the one that I couldn’t find.

Craig: You couldn’t find Blithe Spirit?

Drew: The play version of it, the Noël Coward play.

Craig: That’s worth it.

Drew: It’s great. That’s actually probably still protected.

Craig: Yes, I guess so, because it’s still being performed.

Drew: Absolutely.

John: If you want to read any of these–

Craig: You always find the one.

John: I love that you bicker. You have your own energy here.

Craig: I immediately go right to the one that he’s angry about. I knew it. Spent a lot of time. Where’s Blithe Spirit? Damn you. We did a big deep dive on Ghost. Is that right?

John: Yes, we did.

Craig: That was fun.

John: It was good. If you want to read any of these scripts, they’re up now in Weekend Read for iOS. Just go to the App Store and download Weekend Read. We had more feedback from Saleem on clipboard managers.

Drew: “Love the show, but the advice John gave in a recent episode on clipboard managers is already out of date.”

Craig: Thanks a lot, Saleem. God.

Drew: “MacOS Tahoe, which came out a few days ago, includes built-in clipboard manager as part of Spotlight. Mackie may be more capable. I use the clipboard manager in Raycast, and it’s also more capable than Apple’s new included offering. For neophytes such as Craig and others online, the best advice for them may be just to use Apple’s new built-in solution rather than a third-party app.”

John: I had no idea that macOS 26 included a clipboard manager. I’ll give it a look. I’m really happy with Mackie, which is free. Saleem, you’re correct. The simplest solution is the one that most people are going to use, which is great.

Craig: Sure. The word Spotlight caused slight spinal shuddering because-

John: I use Spotlight for opening apps. It’s all command.

Craig: Don’t even do that.

John: I don’t even do that. If you want to open an app that’s not currently running, how do you open the app?

Craig: Almost certainly it’s in my dock.

John: Everything’s always in your dock.

Craig: The ones that I use, but if I need something that isn’t there that I don’t-

John: You go to the applications folder.

Craig: I just go to the applications folder. I have it in my Finder window. I pinned it on the left side, so if you just click, boom, there.

John: I will Spotlight it and just start typing.

Craig: I’m a big Finder fan.

John: Not a big Finder fan.

Craig: I love the Finder.

John: I’m not as opposed to it as some people are, but–

Craig: I know that I like it more than a lot of people, but what does blow my mind is sometimes they’ll say, “Okay, someone’s asked me how to do something.” God bless him, Tom Morello. Our D&D friend. As good as he is at playing guitar is how bad he is at just managing simple computer tasks.

John: It is so much fun to watch Craig Mazin be like Tom Morello’s tech support.

Craig: He will just hand me his iPad like, “Help me.”

John: Like he’s a three-year-old who wants to watch more Cocomelon.

Craig: Daddy? If he has his laptop, I’ll say, “All right, let’s go to your Finder. What is that?” People don’t know where it is, or what it is. These kids.

John: I miss my mom, but so much of my time with my mom was just really fundamental tech support. Oh my God. It’s like, “Ben was over, and he ruined my computer,” and I was like, “He literally moved a window one inch on your computer. That’s what he did.”

Craig: He ruined it.

John: He ruined it.

Craig: My wife will occasionally use the phrase, it’s broken. “My iPad’s broken.” It’s not broken. “Is it in pieces?” “Well, no, but it’s not doing what it’s supposed to.” She listens to this podcast, by the way. I’m going to hear about this.

John: Oh, yes.

Craig: I don’t care.

John: How dare you put her on a podcast?

Craig: You know what? I say a lot of nice things about her.

John: You do. You do say plenty of nice things.

Craig: I really do. I really say a lot of nice things about it.

John: Some of it is even recorded.

Craig: This isn’t even that bad.

John: No.

Craig: No. What is that? It’s broken. You mean it’s not working the way you want it to, or you don’t know how to use it? You’re broken.

John: Here’s the thing I’m trying to do, and I cannot get this to do it.

Craig: That’s a you’re broken thing. We need to fix you. The iPad is fine. Oh, she’s going to be so mad.

John: Let’s talk about television, then, instead of this issue.

Craig: Save my marriage.

[laughter]

John: This came up during a staff meeting, and Nima, who does our coding, said, “Is TV better now or is it just much worse?” Nima is fairly pessimistic. He thought it’s much, much worse. I wanted to talk through the ways that TV is better and worse now for both the viewer and for the person making television. Let’s start with the good news.

Craig: We’re comparing it to–

John: To 10 years ago. Let’s not do that. You have to pick a thing. Let’s say over the last 10 years.

Craig: 2015 to 2025.

John: Here are some things that I think is probably better as a viewer over the last 10 years. It’s much more global. The television we watched used to just be American television. Now we watch television from all over the world, including stuff with subtitles, things we would never be exposed to before. That’s great. That’s thanks to streaming. Cinematically, the way our shows look is much better than it was 10 years ago. Our standards for it, what we’re supposed to see, things just do look better. We’re spending more money on making things look great and sound great. I think we’re really focusing on the cinematic qualities of things.

This is halfway between for the viewer and for the creator. Prestige. I think we’re acknowledging that great TV is our greatest art form at this moment. While movies are still great, I think TV is really taking the dominance there. Over the last 10 years, I think there’s much better diversity and representation. We see more different kinds of people on screens than we did 10 years ago. We’re hearing more of their stories, and more of their stories are being told by the people who actually live those experiences rather than being beamed in by ordinary white guys.

This is going to be a pro and a con. We focused on quality over quantity. We’re doing fewer episodes of shows. Any individual episode of a series is probably better now than an individual episode of a series was 10 years ago, partly because there’s fewer of them. I see nods there. Anything more you’d say as a viewer experience that the things are better than 10 years ago?

Craig: They’re definitely better. That’s not to disparage the great, great shows that-

John: One hundred percent.

Craig: -were 10 years ago, amazing shows, but 10 years ago, we didn’t really even have the ability to do what we now consider to be the limited format. It was almost not a thing at all.

John: We had the mini-series, but–

Craig: Mini-series were typically– Well, the classic network mini-series was adapting a very popular novel. There were some prestigious ones like Roots or Shogun back in the ’80s, but mostly it was Sinatra by Kitty Kelley, The Life and Times of Sinatra. Over three nights, we’re going to explore Elvis. The rise of the 12-episode, 5-episode, just limited series in general. If you look at what limited series were prior to 2015, with rare exception, shows like Band of Brothers and so forth, it just wasn’t what it– Now, there are four, five, six great limited series every year, minimum.

John: Even more so than limited series, I would say that HBO always had the quality mark on what HBO was trying to do. I remember I went to an event with David Chase a couple of months back. I realized the Sopranos had many more episodes than he thought it did. I always thought it was like an eight-episode season, but no, no. It was a full season of a show, 12 or 15.

Craig: Something like that.

John: It was a sizable number. HBO set a very high standard, and people started reaching out for that standard, and that transformed things. You have to say, the arrival of Netflix, House of Cards, which was also aiming for that high standard, just set the bar.

Craig: Netflix is the good and bad news, I think, because Netflix opened up a fire hydrant and out came 4 million shows. That is the major difference between, I think, 10 years ago and now. Even though there’s been some contraction, still insane amount of television they make. I think that they make the same number of really good shows every year. That hasn’t changed. There’s a lot of quantity there. Their signal-to-noise ratio is not great, but that’s okay. That’s part of their deal. Whereas someplace like FX, for instance, still has an excellent signal-to-noise ratio.

Amazon’s been a really interesting one. Amazon, it’s not quite at Netflix level of volume. It’s not at HBO level of curation. They have made some huge bets on things, spent a lot of money. Some of them have worked out, some haven’t. What they do is they certainly support people. When they believe in something, boy, do they support it financially. Then there’s Apple. Apple’s the interesting one to watch. They had a very good year at the Emmys.

John: For sure.

Craig: The studio won everything.

John: Severance got tremendous attention as well.

Craig: Severance, it went from that show that a few people had seen and loved in Season 1 to much more of a cultural thing in Season 2. Apple was running shows, and they still run shows that I’m not sure anyone watches.

John: Expensive shows that it seems like nobody watches.

Craig: Right. That makes them an interesting patron of the arts.

John: My friend James loves the Apple show Acapulco, which I’ve watched an episode of. I was like, “I totally get it.”

Craig: There’s a show called Acapulco?

John: That just finished its fourth season.

Craig: No.

John: It is-

Craig: Are you serious?

John: It is a-

Craig: How do they– This is what Apple advertised.

John: It is a candy-colored, just delightful romp. I feel like nobody’s watched it, but it goes for four seasons.

Craig: Oh my God, this is incredible.

John: The lead actor’s incredible. Everyone in it’s really great.

Craig: I don’t want them to feel like– Apple does not advertise things. It’s not their fault or my fault that I didn’t know about this.

John: This ties into, let’s talk about, as a viewer, the things that are worse now than 10 years ago. There’s no shared cultural moments. There’s everyone–

Craig: They are coming back around.

John: Occasionally, there are some, but there are very few. I feel like the end of Summer I Turned Pretty, that was– The wrap-up of that felt like a shared cultural moment. The end of Severance, I felt like a shared cultural moment. A bunch of people were focusing on that thing, but the fact that you don’t even know that Acapulco is a show that ran for four years, 10 years ago, would be less likely.

Craig: Yes, because there are just so many fewer shows. Also, Apple is very specifically interesting to me in the way that they almost are like, “We don’t even want you to know we’re running the show.” Like See. See is a big show and we’re in it for a while. They’re just like, “Let’s not tell anyone.”

John: We have billboards here close to our house for Chief of War, but I don’t see anything beyond that in terms of the cultural conversation.

Craig: It’s a very interesting choice they make. I can’t quite make sense of it. I’m sure that Tim Apple right now is fuming and about to turn my iPhone off. The reason I point it out is just because I feel for the people that make television.

John: 100%.

Craig: I helped out on Mythic Quest for a bit, and I always felt like they were just so underserved by the marketing machine because I thought the show was wonderful. They make a lot of great stuff. Now, Amazon advertises the hell out of their things. They certainly are doing that part right. Netflix is their own advertising agency. The scary thing about Netflix is because they are subscribed to by everyone-

John: They just put some on the homescreen.

Craig: -whatever is on the home screen is advertising.

John: We’ve already talked about this, but ways the TV is worse now, the content glut. There’s just so much that it’s impossible to sift through it all.

Craig: There is so much.

John: You can never watch all the things you wanted to watch. Instead of 30 shows with 22 episodes a piece, we have 100 shows with eight-episode seasons.

Craig: If you just look at the amount of episodes-

John: The amount of episodes is–

Craig: Look, I think it’s better. For instance, Adolescence. That show is just simply– You don’t even hear about it 10 years ago. It’s not made. It is made. It just stays over there. Nobody watches it here. “Don’t understand their accents,” and now, we have so many wonderful things. Nima’s complaint is the complaint of somebody who’s getting old. That’s what’s happening there.

John: I think so.

Craig: You start to have nostalgic feelings when you hit your 30s, where you’re like, “It’s not as good as it was.” No, it’s just that you’re not living– Life is not this magical, glowing smorgasbord of 20-something-ness. That’s over.

John: Nima had two points here that I do want to try to articulate the way he said. He talked about a lack of curation and that HBO used to be the guarantee of quality. That was the seal. I would add to it that pilots were a really important filtering mechanism. The pilot process determined what shows actually made it to air. Now, because I think we’re going straight to series a lot more often, there’s a lot more series that probably shouldn’t have been made, or at least shouldn’t have been made the way that they were made, that are just happening. That curation aspect has changed.

Craig: Yes. I think HBO still curates the hell out of it because they really just have– They still act like a linear network even though they are more and more, of course, entirely a streaming entity. There’s one drama a week, one episode a week, and that means there’s five shows for the year. That’s it. They still curate pretty heavily, and that’s reflected in how things perform. FX, I think, curates pretty heavily. I can’t make sense of how the rest of them actually function. Either they’re all making a lot of money or they’re all losing a lot of money. Right?

John: Yes.

Craig: We’ll never know.

John: We’ll never find out, which is nuts. Nima’s final point was that shows are prioritizing what happens in the episode over what happens in the series. Nima’s point was that you used to talk about a show, it’s like, “Oh my, I love Buffy the Vampire Slayer.” You talk about, “I love the series as a whole,” but you weren’t so focused on what happened in this episode or that episode. Now with shorter seasons, all the emphasis is on that was one great episode or this was a mess of an episode. It happens in these short seasons, too, where it’s like, “Ugh, that was a clunker in the middle of that.”

Craig: Really, what he’s saying is if there’s eight episodes, six of them are great, one is fine, and one’s a clunker, that clunker is going to really stick out.

John: It does stand out.

Craig: When you do 22 episodes–

John: They were always clunker episodes.

Craig: Most of them were clunker episodes. They were disposable and didn’t matter. They were running ads throughout the middle of them.

John: Your enjoyment of the series was the enjoyment of the series and not the one hour of watching one show.

Craig: Sure. It’s just a different experience.

John: That is the difference.

Craig: It’s just different. What would you rather have? Would you rather watch Battlestar Galactica, 1982– Was that what it was?

John: Yes.

Craig: Or would you rather watch Andor now?

John: I’ll take Andor.

Craig: Andor. No offense to the original Battlestar Galactica, but how can you make– You can’t make 22 great episodes. That’s not a thing. It does become about the season. I think that that is what Nima is experiencing. He’s growing up. He’s going through early grouchy days. Soon, he will develop into full grouchiness. Then he’ll come back around to cool.

John: Because she’s listening to this show, I do want to single out Aline and Rachel as well for Crazy Ex-Girlfriend, which feels like it has the quality of a short season show, but they were shooting like 15 or so many episodes.

They were shooting a weekly series of the show, which is just crazy. I look at all these other streaming shows that only have to do eight episodes over the course of whatever, a show made for Apple or anything else. Yes, the production values can be higher, but what they’re actually achieving episode by episode, incredible.

Craig: Listen, I would love to work on a show, but it’s 15 episodes and all takes place at Tony’s house, and the bada-bing, oh my God, and the back room, and then it’s occasional.

John: Lets you know what sets you have? Craig, you would love to have sets, standing sets. It’s such a dream. Craig is crying now. He’s realizing what he’s done.

Craig: Just like every single time I write something, I’m like, “Then for what? For what?”

John: We’re going to shoot it for one day-

Craig: I’m just going to throw it out. We do.

John: We do.

Craig: That’s what we do.

John: Let’s talk about how, from a writing perspective, as a person who writes or creates shows or writes on shows, TV is better now than it was 10 years ago. Let’s compare 2025 to 2015. I would say short seasons are more survivable in terms of you have some time off, you have a little bit of a life. When I talk to people who work on the classic network shows, they would have a summer, sort of, but there was always-

Craig: A hiatus.

John: Yes, a hiatus. They were always just writing the same damn show. It was exhausting. We were doing a rewatch of a show that I really enjoy, a comedy, and I was talking to a friend about it. He’s like, “Oh, you know how awful that was behind the scenes?” No, I don’t want to know. Everyone was sleeping in their offices, and it was awful.

Craig: That’s not good.

John: That’s not good. I think there’s a little more survivability now, but we’re going to talk about the downside of that with short seasons.

Craig: I’m not sure. I don’t feel so survivable.

John: Streamers, I think, take wilder chances than networks ever did.

Craig: Oh, yes.

John: Which is great. You can play to a niche audience and be a hit.

Craig: Oh my God. The things that people do. That’s the big difference, really, and that’s why television– Feature films used to take big swings and then got so conservative that all they would make is a superhero movie. Now we’re dancing around and thrilled that they made a cool-ass vampire movie. We used to make vampire movies, even period piece. The original Dracula was a period piece. We’re like, “Look how– W’re doing it again.” No, that’s what movies should have been the whole time. Television used to be the same thing. Every episode of TV was about a cop-

John: Doctor.

Craig: Or a doctor. Now, my God.

John: Now you can make a show like Overcompensating and get a second season of Overcompensating, which is a show I freaking love, but it’s a niche audience, and love it.

Craig: Totally.

John: Now versus 10 years ago, you can spend more time per script. The machinery of production, the television is a beast that eats scripts. You have more time to work on things and sometimes write a whole season before you start shooting, which has pros and cons.

Craig: That sounds great. I wonder what that’s like.

John: Then you can plan things. You can have setups and payoffs that you actually know are going to work because you planned. I actually think everything was always written. Downsides to that, too, but some pros. I would say a pro is that we now develop things year-round. There used to be one season, you developed all the shows. If you didn’t have a show that was going, you’re screwed. You have to wait until the next season.

Craig: There is no television season. There’s no hiring season. The way the industry functions vis-à-vis writers, that’s a whole other deal. Just for the audience, I think if you put aside your nostalgic yearning and you discount the signal-to-noise and just look at what is the actual quantity of signal, it’s tremendous.

John: Just wrapping this up, ways the TV is worse now as a creator or a staff writer, the short season doesn’t mean you’re always looking for a job. If you’re a staff writer on a show that is a room that’s running for 15, 20 weeks, halfway through that time, you need to start looking for other jobs. That sucks.

Craig: In terms of creators, a lot is worse about this method, so much.

John: We’ve talked on a podcast a lot about how when you divide the writing process from the production process, it’s those creators who end up getting dragged through three years of a show and getting paid for one. It can be exhausting.

Craig: The way it’s disrupted the career. It’s just disrupted the career.

John: Absolutely.

Craig: It’s turned it into this strange–

John: So many writers are completely divorced from the production process and have no ability to basically run a show.

Craig: Which is– Poor feature writers have been dealing with that forever. Like, this is the way it goes. You’re constantly looking for that next job. There is no guarantee. There is no schedule. There is no machinery to support anything. There’s no promotion ladder. There’s nothing. That’s what it’s now become for everyone. In terms of the audience and how they experience TV, I think the part that’s worse is the recap industry.

John: Totally.

Craig: I think the recap industry is a little bit like sports betting. Sports betting diminishes your pure enjoyment of a sporting event. The recap industry turns, particularly the big shows into– It’s almost like it tabloidizes them and again, feeds into outrage and so forth. There’s just so much clickbait on so much of it. I don’t know. I understand why it’s out there. It’s free publicity.

John: Pamela Ribon, who’s been on the show a couple of times, talking about she came up as a TV recapper. She’d watch a show and have to recap it in real time. There was an aspect to it that was actually, it was a kind of celebration in a fandom that was so intoxicating. A chance for people to participate and enjoy the thing they just watched.

Craig: Yes, but also, who are recaps for? They’re for people that didn’t watch it. I feel like we’ve just cliffnoted things so that people can– We used to say, okay, the water cooler, come in on Monday. Hate or love, you get to come in on Monday and talk about it with your friends at work, and hate on it or love on it. Now, you can be like, “I don’t want to watch this again. There’s too much stuff to watch, or I’m going to do something else. I’m just going to read the recap, and then I’ll be like, “Oh, yes. So I heard.”

John: Let’s wrap up this segment on TV, better, worse, or mixed now, 10 years?

Craig: Better.

John: I think mostly better. I think the quality of things you can watch as a viewer are better. I think, from a viewing perspective, I’m probably happier watching TV now than I was 10 years ago. From a person working in television, is it better or worse? I think it’s mixed and probably a little worse. At the bottom of the ladder, I think there’s smaller rooms, meaning fewer jobs, meaning less opportunity to actually see how stuff is working.

Craig: I have nothing to compare it to. My television career has taken place within the last 10 years.

John: My television career started in 1873.

Craig: Do you know I was [crosstalk].

John: 2000, that was when I was doing my disastrous WB show. I would say that if I had no business running a show that was supposed to be a weekly show. That’s completely out of my depth.

Craig: Running a show is hard.

John: It’s really hard. It’s really also hard for a person who’s never been in a TV room.

Craig: Yes, or a room. Running a television show is hard.

John: It’s hard.

Craig: It’s really hard. I like that they have that show runner’s training program. I’m just not sure how you train somebody for this. I get what you can impart, but it’s a little bit like combat training.

John: It is.

Craig: You join the Marines, they teach you how to shoot, they teach you how to move, and then– [screams] Once those bullets are going by, I’m like, “Training?”

John: No plan survives contact with the enemy.

Craig: No. Training is experience, survival.

John: Let’s answer a question or two. I see one here from CW.

Craig: CW.

John: CW.

Craig: Nice.

Drew: CW writes, “I usually am hired for feature projects for screenplays during the development phase, as is the case for most of us, but a new project coming up has a director wanting me to accompany him during table reads with cast and also during principal photography. He states that as the writer, I’m more in sync with the story, and he’ll need my help to chime in during those pre-production and production moments. In my country, the writer is almost never asked or allowed to be on set or reads. We are paid for the written work and cycled out once that is done.

“My question is, how do you rate for these tasks? Have you done this before on your commissioned works, and do you charge with a day rate? While others have opined that it’s a nice perk to be even invited along to do so, as writers generally are not asked to contribute during those phases, I also am aware that these tasks do take time and effort, and since they’re related to story, do they not count as labor as well and therefore to be rated?”

John: It is labor. You’re there not as a friend, but you’re there to be doing work, to be helping out. This is not under the writer’s guild; this is someplace overseas. I think your best place to start is looking for anybody who’s done similar work and seeing if there’s any comp that makes sense for you. Look at what other people are being paid on the production, look in the crew, and make sure you’re charging something that feels like it’s worth your time because ultimately, you are the person who’s going to know whether this is worth your time or not worth your time.

Craig: In the US, when it is writer’s guild, there’s something called an all-services deal, and that’s what we would apply to this. You get paid an amount of money that would cover the time that you’re working on it, and we protect our minimums by basically looking at the weekly minimum, multiplying it by the amount of time, and that’s the floor for whatever you’re– The nice thing about the all-services deal is you don’t have to bill every week. They don’t have to constantly decide if you’re going to be employed or not. They have bought your time, and then everyone can relax. You can relax and you are free then to write as much or as little as you want or need.

There isn’t this constant– You know, like when you have– I don’t know. You’ve hired somebody to paint your house, and they’re like, “Those shingles are going to be more today and then, oh, I’m going to come back.” Just here, do it. Paint the house and stop asking me. It’s the nickel and dimming that just drives everybody crazy. There is some amount that is reasonable here.

I don’t know what country CW is from, but my guess is he or she has an attorney that negotiated their deal in the first place. That’s the person I would be talking to, and that’s the kind of deal that you’d want to make, especially because you are valuable to the director. It’s not going to be a lot of money, but I would also say that the experience is tremendously important, and as I’ve said many times, you do work well with this director. A director-writer combo is incredibly powerful.

John: Yes, it is.

Craig: That rising tide will lift your boat financially when it’s time for the next one if this movie were successful.

John: CW is saying that in their country, it’s not common for the writer to be around in all parts of the process.

Craig: Same here.

John: Normalize it. Just be the person who’s there. I will say that the movies where I have been more involved have turned out better, and I also think-

Craig: What?

John: I think actors feel excited that you’re there and are an additional person who can help them out. It’s been nice and so on. Go, I was obviously there for every frame shot, but on the Tim Burton movies, where I was in there through pre-production and getting people started, it’s just nice. It really helps things get figured out and solve some problems before they become problems. Set the example, and it sounds like you’re going to– Should have a good experience.

Craig: The director basically told you why it’s a good idea.

John: Yes, do it.

Drew: Dan writes, “I plan to turn my screenplay into an audio drama for Audible, complete with score, sound effects, and professional voice actors. Do you think this has the same merit as making a low-budget feature? I work in podcasting and know I can make the audio drama extremely high quality, and I want to follow the advice of trying to make something myself with friends and not wait around to break in. I have no aspirations toward directing and don’t want to take the time to raise funds for a film feature, especially considering the audio drama can be made right away.”

John: Does it have the same prestige as a film? No. It’s going to get a tiny fraction of the audience for many films. If you know how to do this and you actually really want to do this, you should absolutely do it. If you’re not doing this because you don’t know what else to do, but you’re doing it because you actually really want to do it, that you would listen to this thing yourself, great. I always caution people like, “Don’t do the thing that you yourself would not watch or listen to. You’re wasting your time.”

Craig: This person said they don’t want to direct?

Drew: They don’t want to direct, but they wrote it as a screenplay.

Craig: Who’s going to be directing these voice actors?

John: I feel like Dan maybe feels comfortable doing that, but doesn’t feel comfortable doing the onset blocking and all the other stuff.

Craig: Generally, no. Nobody listens to that. As long as you’re fine with that. It could be that one that people love, but–

John: I hope it is.

Craig: The value for me, first of all, would not spend a lot of money on it. The value would be to make me a better writer. I’ve made this. I’ve listened to it. I’ve experienced it. I’ve edited. That will make you a better writer.

John: I’ll also caution Dan, and Dan, I’m sure you’re aware of this, but audio drama is really hard. It’s a weird format because it’s like, what is this scene? Where are we? All the things you get for free in a visual medium are challenging to do in audio. Just make sure you’re-

Craig: Why have you invited me to this greasy spoon diner?

John: Make sure you’re really thinking through how you’re going to do it and you’re listening for great examples of how other people are doing it.

Craig: And how to not do it.

John: Avoid the bad things.

Craig: Avoid the things that are bad.

John: It is time for one cool thing. Craig, you got a spoiler because I already showed you my one cool thing, which is called Phantom Inc.

Craig: You got me to buy it before we even began recording.

John: Phantom Inc. is a game that we played here in the office last week. It is in the same space as Codenames or Decrypto, where you are in two different teams and you’re trying to get people on your team to guess this thing. There’s one clue-giver, and everyone else is trying to figure out what this is. The mechanic is really, really smart. The narrative idea is that there is a spirit who is trying to describe one object. The two different teams are both trying to describe the same object, but you’re writing one letter at a time. There’s questions that the team can ask. It plays really well. It’s so smart. Phantom Inc. is available everywhere, but we’ll put a link in the show notes to it.

Craig: Love it. You’ve got a game, I’ve got a game. This week, the game, The House of Tesla. This is not referring to anything involving Elon Musk.

John: You know what? I’ve got to say, though, it’s-

Craig: It’s triggering.

John: Yes, it’s triggering.

Craig: It’s triggering. The House of Tesla referring to the scientist, not the overpriced company.

John: This looks like a very classic Craig game.

Craig: It’s a very classic Craig game. It was released on Steam and is not yet out for iOS or Android, but eventually it will be. It’s by a company called Blue Brain Games. They made the House of Da Vinci games. The House of Da Vinci games themselves were barely derivative of the Room games by Fireproof Software. Is this what I would call an A-plus example of the genre? No, but is it well done? Mostly yes.

John: Great.

Craig: I think the visuals are great. The puzzles are very typical for this sort of thing, and the manipulation of objects is fun to do. I’m going to give them a little bit of a ding on the acting.

John: It’s just voice acting, or they’re performing, too?

Craig: They just needed to cast one good voice actor to play Tesla. The way he reads things, I’m fairly certain it’s a man and not AI, but it’s on the edge. It’s so weirdly dead. I don’t know. I’d be curious to see what the deal is there, but it’s not the actor’s fault if it is a human being. It’s theirs, it’s directing matters. Let’s face it, no one’s buying this game for the great voice acting. They’re there for the puzzles and the environment, and there’s some interesting mechanics in it. I think so far, so good on Steam. It’s delivering exactly what I expected it to. The House of Tesla by Blue Brain Games. Sorry for triggering you, John.

John: I love it. That is our show for this week. Scriptnotes has been produced by Drew Marquardt.

Craig: Oh no.

John: Welcome back, Drew. Edited by Matthew Chilelli, outro this week is by Nick Moore. If you have an outro, you can send us a link to ask@johnaugust.com. That is also the place where you can send questions like the ones we answered today. You’ll find transcripts at johnaugust.com along with the signup for our weekly newsletter called Interesting, which has lots of links to things about writing. You’ll find clips and other helpful video on our YouTube. Just search for Scriptnotes and give us a follow. You can also find us on Instagram at Scriptnotes Podcast.

We have T-shirts and hoodies, and drinkwear perfect for the holiday season. You’ll find those at Cotton Bureau. Make sure to get your Scriptnotes shirt before Austin Film Festival so we can identify, like, “Oh, you’re a Scriptnotes listener.” You’ll find show notes with links to all the–

Craig: Oh no, Roney. Scriptnotes listeners. [laughs]

John: You’ll find show notes with links to all the things we talked about today in the email you get each week as a premium subscriber. Again, thank you to all our premium subscribers. You guys are the best. Thank you to everyone who pre-ordered the book as well. That’s fantastic.

Craig: Put us to work this morning.

John: Absolutely.

Craig: Got to sign my name many times.

John: Pretty good stuff. If you want more information about the book, Scriptnotesbook.com is a place that has links out to all the different places where you can pre-order. We’ll probably also put on, if you want one of these special signed ones, to Premiere Collectibles, but we can also put a link on there for that. You can sign up to become a premium member at scriptnotes.net, where you get all the back episodes and bonus segments like the one we’re about to record on coffee. Craig, Drew, thanks for a fun episode.

Craig: Thanks, John.

John: Thanks, guys.

[Bonus Segment]

John: Craig, before we started signing all these bookplates, we got you a cup of coffee, which is from our Keurig. How would you rate that coffee?

Craig: It’s not my favorite cup of coffee. Keurig, they’re like the Blue Brain Games of– It’s what I expected to get.

John: It’s drinkable, but not your [unintelligible 00:43:41].

Craig: It’s drinkable. I’m a black coffee drinker, so I’m comparing apples to apples. Nothing can’t say, oh, this blends so lovely with the oat foam. I’m just–

John: When did you start drinking coffee?

Craig: I know exactly when I started drinking coffee. This is a weird story, actually. I think I’ve talked about this before. When I was in high school and I knew I wanted to be a doctor, and I knew I was going to be pre-med in college, I did a summer internship between my junior and senior year with the Monmouth County Medical Examiner’s Office. Every day, I would go to the morgue at the hospital and assist with autopsies. It was early. I was 16. They let a 16-year-old assist with autopsies. It was a different time, but it was really early. It started early.

I was a teenager, and I’m not waking up early. Plus, it was the summer, so I was hanging out with my friends. When the alarm would go off at 7:00, I was like, “Oh my God.” I would get to the hospital and I was really bleary. There’s the first body already. It’s like, “I’ve got to cut open another body.” They had a coffee– It was morgue coffee. It is a Mr. Coffee, that marble glass pot.

John: That has never been cleaned.

Craig: Ever. They had styrofoam cups, those old, nasty styrofoam cups. They didn’t even have milk or sugar or anything because they were like, “Whatever, we do autopsies. No one’s got time for that.” I drank this horrible coffee out of a horrible styrofoam cup in a room with dead people. That, my friend, is how you grow some hair on your chest.

[laughter]

Craig: It was terrible, and it woke me up. That’s how I started each day.

John: Caffeine.

Craig: Then I would turn and go, “What do we got, boys?” “Crush injury.” “All right, here we go.” I was also smoking in the room. No, I wasn’t. I don’t know if it’d be great, but it’s like Quincy. You don’t know what Quincy is.

John: I don’t know Quincy at all.

Craig: You remember Quincy.

John: Quincy medical examiner, yes.

Craig: Quincy, Jack Klugman played a medical examiner in the-

John: Several times.

Craig: -’70s, and he was awesome.

John: My first coffee was in college at some point, so never in high school. I don’t think I ever had coffee. My mom always had coffee, and I tasted it, but I never willingly drank coffee. My friend George and I had driven from Des Moines to Chicago because we wanted to see Naked Lunch, which was only screening in Chicago. It was so effing cold, and George was like, “Let’s get coffee.” I’m like, “Sure.” There was a Starbucks. First time I’d ever seen a Starbucks.

Craig: No.

John: In Starbucks, I got something and probably a lot of milk in it.

Craig: Give me something.

John: Maybe I asked for a latte or a cappuccino or whatever it was, but that was my first time having coffee. It was good, but it didn’t enamor me to coffee. It wasn’t until I moved out to Los Angeles post-college that I started drinking coffee a little bit more regularly. At some point, I got a coffee maker and just started drinking coffee in the mornings, but that was the turning point.

Craig: You find your way to it. It’s just like nice cocaine. I’ve never used cocaine, but I feel like coffee’s like nice cocaine. Like cigarettes, I feel like more.

John: You’re not drinking coffee right now, but you grew up drinking it.

Craig: Yes.

John: When did you start coffee?

Craig: As a little child, like a two-year-old?

Drew: I think I was probably like seven or eight. Just sitting there with like a hot cup of coffee. Tennis lessons in the summer, I would get a blueberry bagel and a little coffee with a lot of cream and sugar.

Craig: Oh, so you had milk-

Drew: I had milk.

Craig: -with some coffee. You had coffee ice cream.

Drew: Basically. I do think iced coffee was probably the gateway for a lot of my generation.

John: I’m sure for the next generation because iced coffee was not a thing in our years.

Craig: Honestly, I say this as this grouchy black coffee drinker so much, and I’m like, “That’s not coffee. That’s something else. That’s coffee-flavored milk. That’s coffee-flavored something else.” What I do, actually, my standard order is not just pure, pure black, actually. Standard order is short Americano. What does that mean? Tiny, small? Why don’t they just call it small? Small americano, two or three shots, and one pump of mocha.

It’s not a lot. Just a tiny bit of sweetness and a little bit of chocolate to mellow out what can be sometimes a little bit of a bitter awakening. Most of that mocha never makes it into the coffee, by the way. It goes in and just drops to the bottom, so when I’m done, there’s a sludge at the bottom that I never touch. It’s just that little hint, but that’s every morning. Starbucks. I wish I didn’t like it so much, but I do.

John: We grew up at a time before Starbucks and before Peet’s. Before there was nice coffee or consistent coffee.

Craig: Just diner coffee.

John: Yes. Diner coffee is generally just awful.

Craig: Horrible.

John: We’ll go to IHOP, and IHOP has just notoriously the worst coffee.

Craig: Terrible.

John: It seems like it’ll be so simple to get good coffee.

Craig: It’s terrible. Also, if you get a cup of coffee there, I’ll deal with it. Fine. I’m halfway through it. Let’s say you are somebody that drinks coffee with milk. You’re halfway through it. They come by, and they’re like, “Let me freshen that up.” They fill the rest of it, and looking like, “Now I don’t know what this coffee is anymore. There’s no sensible portion to this.” It’s insane.

John: The math formula is for adding two liquids together.

Craig: It’s madness.

John: It’s madness.

Craig: It’s absolute madness. Then there’s that blue coffee cup in New York, the green-style coffee cup, that coffee is horrible. I do remember Mr. Coffee.

John: Oh, yes.

Craig: My parents had a Mr. Coffee, which Joe DiMaggio advertised.

John: That’s the glass carafe and plastic thing on top, and you put the paper filter in and load it in. The challenge with Mr. Coffee was, you can make a decent cup of coffee with Mr. Coffee, but you’re making three cups of coffee. If you only want one, you’re making too much. I had a little Mr. Coffee, but the math just doesn’t work right. It didn’t work right for making one.

Craig: When I wasn’t doing autopsies, I was working at a Wawa, which is our New Jersey, Pennsylvania-area convenience store chain. One of the things I had to do was, every seven hours, change the coffee out because we have those coffee pots. By the time you get to the end of that shift, it is just hot dirt.

John: Yes, hot dirt.

Craig: When people pour it, they would spill it, and it would sizzle and burn on the plate below it and stank.

John: Gross. Did those coffee pots ever get washed out?

Craig: [laughs] I’ve heard from a flight attendant that coffee pots on an airplane never get cleaned.

John: I’m not sure why you do need to wash them out. What’s in there?

Craig: I guess not. It’s just hot liquid, and then you’re going to rinse it out with more hot liquid to put the same hot liquid back in. If there were anything that could spoil inside of it, but coffee is just bean-flavored water. There’s definitely not a lot.

John: Until someone’s drunk from it or if there’s milk in there, that could do a thing.

Craig: You never put milk in the coffee pot.

John: No, not in the coffee pot.

Craig: Actually, it’s like a self-cleaning thing, like a dog’s mouth. It turns out that’s an urban myth, by the way. You explored that.

John: Urban myth. Filthy, filthy mouth.

Craig: They’re disgusting.

John: My current coffee situation is I do Aeropress coffee. Aeropress is you do one cup at a time. It’s a little bit of a hassle, but it’s pretty simple, and it’s very consistent. I’m weighing my 16 ounces of coffee on the scale, and it’s consistent. I know exactly what it’s going to taste like. I’m half-caf in the morning, and I’m just full-decaf after that. I can only have very little caffeine over the course of the day.

Craig: I cut myself off caffeine-wise, but I think 2:00 PM is my absolute limit. I thought about investing in– Really, what I drink is espresso. I’ll get an Americano just because the thing about espresso is it’s like, boom, gone, done, which I’ll do. Even Americanos made with espresso, I thought about investing in a really nice machine. The problem is it’s not as good as what they got at any coffee spot.

John: We had a JURA, which is the one where it grinds and it does it all itself. It’s okay, but it’s not great. Honestly, Aeropress is much better than that is.

Craig: I will say that in my– not the place we live in now, but our prior home had that Miele coffee thing built in, and that thing was incredible because it would really make complicated stuff. It was pretty cool.

John: Circling back the conversation around to the Keurig that we had, we call that machine Little Stew. Little Stew is good for just making that cup of coffee at a time. I will find that if we have people over for a game night or we’re eating desserts, it’s like, “Who wants coffee?” That’s much more handy than me trying to make individual things. We don’t have a Mr. Coffee anymore. We’re making coffee in that.

Craig: It’s a perfectly good way to go about it. Keurig, notoriously horrible for the environment.

John: Little plastic pots.

Craig: Yes. I’ve never had a cup of coffee from a Keurig that made me go, “Wow, good.” It’s always been like, “I need this liquid to put caffeine chemical in my brain.”

John: Instant coffee has actually gotten noticeably better over the years. You wouldn’t think so, but there’s many cases where instant coffee is much better than IHOP coffee. The good instant coffee.

Craig: Sure. I have this sense memory of my parents dinging a spoon inside of a mug, ding, ding, ding, because they put those older’s crystals in there. No, Sanka is for the elderly because they can’t have caffeine. Also, Sanka isn’t even coffee. What is Sanka? What comprises Sanka? I don’t even know.

John: Don’t know.

Craig: Let’s find out.

John: What is Sanka?

Craig: I feel like it’s made of mica chips and bone dust.

John: While we’re looking that up, I’m going to pull up the ad for High Point Coffee, which is the perfect way to end this segment. Let me see if I can find the video here. What is Sanka?

Craig: It says it is coffee. It’s just decaffeinated, but I don’t know. I always thought it was made of some other stuff. Oh, this is interesting. The name Sanka is a portmanteau of sans and ca for caffeine.

John: Sans ca.

Craig: Sans ca.

John: That feels like something you could be using in a puzzle at some point.

Craig: Absolutely. Sanka is nasty.

John: Let’s end this segment with the incredible Lauren Bacall and an ad for High Point Coffee.

Craig: Oh, no, it’s Lauren Bacall, not Katherine Hepburn. Different.

Lauren Bacall: It’s very nice.

Speaker 1: Thank you.

Lauren: One rehearsal, four actors, and 20 coffee cups.

Craig: Oh, I’ve seen this. It’s great. It’s amazing.

Lauren: Around here, we don’t like coffee. We love it. I look forward to my sixth cup as much as my first one. That’s because my coffee’s High Point decaffeinated. I don’t need caffeine. I’m active enough, thank you. That’s just one reason this coffee lover chooses High Point. Oh, that aroma’s wonderful. Just look at this deep, rich color. You know what really matters to coffee lovers? This. Deep and rich. Flavor this good has to be deep-brewed into a coffee.

Speaker 2: Try High Point. The coffee lover’s decaffeinated.

Lauren: Deep-brewed flavor. I think you’ll really go for it.

Craig: Lauren Bacall is from some spot in the ocean between New York and London.

John: Which is fantastic.

Craig: Incredible.

John: I love the Mid-Atlantic accent.

Craig: We had left that so far behind by this point. She doesn’t care.

John: Doesn’t care. The Trans-Atlantic accent.

Craig: She’s like, “I love my–“ That commercial’s made for drag queens to re-perform.

John: That’s what it is.

Craig: I love a cup of coffee.

John: As do I.

Craig: It’s my sixth cup. I’m like, oh, Jesus. Slow down.” It doesn’t matter. She’s going to be peeing constantly. “Where’s Ms. Bacall?” “10-1.” “How many cups of High Point did you give her?” “12.”

[laughter]

John: She’s now mostly High Point.

Craig: Also, 12 cups of High Point at some point will equal 4 cups. They’re still caffeinated. She’s like, “I love my High Point and this line of cocaine.”

John: That’s so good. Drew Craig, thanks much.

Craig: Thank you.

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Email us at ask@johnaugust.com

You can download the episode here.

Scriptnotes, Episode 705: Short Films and Existential Threats, Transcript

October 15, 2025 Scriptnotes Transcript

The original post for this episode can be found here.

John August: Hey, this is John. We recorded this episode on Friday afternoon. In it, we talk about ABC’s decision to indefinitely suspend Jimmy Kimmel for his comments in the wake of the Charlie Kirk assassination. Then on Monday afternoon, ABC announced that Kimmel would be coming back to air on Tuesday. We decided to leave this segment as recorded because the broader implications are still the broader implications. I’ll be honest, the first half of the episode is a little grim because how could it not be?

Then in the second half, I promise we do get into short films and other evergreen topics. Enjoy.

[Music]

Hello and welcome. My name is John August.

Craig Mazin: My name is Craig Mazin.

John: You’re listening to Episode 705 of Scriptnotes. It’s a podcast about screenwriting and things that are interesting to screenwriters. Today on the show, what is the platonic ideal of the short film, and why should anyone make one? Then we’ll revisit our 2018 forecast of existential threats and update our predictions. Plus, we have listener questions.

Drew is off traveling the world this week. Luckily, we convinced Scriptnotes legend Megana Rao to fill in for him. Megana, welcome back.

Megana Rao: Thank you. I’m here again.

John: You never really left, but now you’re actually behind the control board rather than just at the desk.

Megana: Yes. I’m afraid I am revealing how desperate I am to hang.

Craig: I don’t think so.

John: Oh. No.

Megana: Okay, great.

Craig: No, I think what you’re doing is evoking and becoming the legend of Megana Rao. I like that you’re legendary now. In Dungeons & Dragons, things with legendary status, quite awesome.

Megana: Okay. I’ll take that.

John: Unique, special, highly sought after.

Megana: Very pretty,

John: You’re not an artifact.

Craig: Did you say pretty? [laughter] No. I’m not commenting on you. I’m saying–

Megana: No, classic in Dungeons & Dragons lore, legendary is gorgeous, stunning.

Craig: No. Although I like this idea now, what NPC would Megana Rao be? She’s definitely into being beautiful. I’m feeling possibly banshee. I always feel like they’re beautiful.

Megana: Do you?

Craig: Yes. In D&D, they float there. They’re like these ladies that float. Then they scream you to death.

Megana: Yes. That actually is accurate.

[laughter]

Craig: They scream you to death.

John: We will start our actual podcast here in a second.

Craig: Oh, sure.

John: In our bonus segment with premium members, Megana and I were talking, and I think we’re going to talk about intermissions, the role of intermissions in film and entertainment, and also stage management.

Craig: Oh, okay. I can think of my first film intermission. It’s burned in my brain.

Megana: Ooh, can’t wait to hear.

John: We are generally not a news-driven podcast, but this past week there were two bits of significant news that I did want to talk about. First, I want to talk about Robert Redford. Robert Redford passed away this week. Legendary, again.

Craig: Actual legend. Sorry, Megana. Actual legend.

Megana: No, I’ll give him that.

John: Actor and director. Of course, what I associate him most with is the Sundance Institute. He founded the Sundance Institute, named after Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. Sundance, we think about the film festival, and independent film, especially in the US, would not be what it is without the Sundance Film Festival showcasing and highlighting independent film.

Craig: Robert Redford was someone who used his pretty privilege before anyone knew what pretty privilege was to actually achieve something. He was an incredibly handsome man and incredibly charismatic, plus a really good actor, and let’s not forget also an excellent director, even though I still think Raging Bull should have won. In any case, he was a Renaissance man. He absolutely channeled all of his charisma and pretty privilege into getting people to show up on that mountain to see a film festival, and he didn’t have to do that.

It wasn’t there to make him rich. It wasn’t really there to make anybody rich. It was just there to promote art. I haven’t seen anybody similar do anything since. Not like that.

John: No. I got to meet Redford a couple of times over the years. Part of Sundance is also the Sundance Screenwriters and Directors Labs. The labs are a phenomenal experience. When Redford wasn’t off shooting a movie someplace, he would come visit us at the labs. He would sit at the edges of meetings and contribute where he could. He was mostly listening and was always just so smart about trying to find who the next visionary filmmakers were going to be and how to support them in making their first and their second films.

So many of the guests we’ve had on the show came through the Sundance Filmmaker Labs.

Craig: Yes. He was a force for good. He actually achieved things. In our town, and I don’t know if you’ve noticed this, John, we are gushing with unproductive opinions. I was just at the Emmys getting my ass kicked. A lot of unproductive opinions [laughter] said there on stage, not going to move the needle. Not going to do a damn thing. People do like to talk in Hollywood, but Robert Redford did stuff. Hats off to him, and rest in peace.

John: Absolutely. The other bit of news was Jimmy Kimmel. As we’re recording this on Friday afternoon, the Kimmel’s late show is off the air, Late Night with Jimmy Kimmel. For international listeners who may not understand how late shows work in the United States, there are three big networks that each of them has a late show. Jimmy Kimmel hosts the show on ABC. He’s been doing that for more than 15 years.

Craig: Forever, as I can tell.

John: He was taken off the air extensively for comments made about the assassination of Charlie Kirk. If you actually look at the actual text of what he said, it was not inflammatory in any meaningful way.

Craig: It inflamed people. I don’t know if that qualifies as inflammatory. What we’re dealing with is the vestigial nature of broadcast television. Most of what we think about as television, we watch Netflix or Max, or even Disney+, and it’s streaming. Networks are still broadcast over the air. I actually looked this up. There’s still something like 18% of Americans who get their television through an antenna. Weirdly, there has been an increase in antenna use among millennials. Megana, explain.

Megana: Who? Where would I even find that?

John: My guess would be it’s folks who are getting their internet through some other way. They’re on some shared Wi-Fi network, and they want to watch TV occasionally.

Craig: They just don’t want to pay anything. It’s free. The hiccup here is that because it’s over the public airways, it is regulated by the FCC. The FCC, which we think of as an administrative body, which technically is nothing more than that, a regulatory agency, the appointees are political appointees. The FCC has been a football for a long time. People can call in and complain to the FCC, and the FCC can decide what complaints matter more than others. In this case, Disney had a couple of things going on. They had an affiliate uprising.
There’s a couple of companies that own a lot of stations that are affiliated with the ABC network. They also had the FCC getting cranky.

John: We should say those affiliates are attempting to merge, and they need supplemental approval to merge.

Craig: The affiliates are attempting to merge, which they are going to be allowed to do by this administration. ABC decided– it’s similar to what they did when Florida had their Don’t Say Gay thing. Disney just keeps stepping in it. I get it. On the one hand, they’re like the family brand, and they need to stand up. On the other hand, now everybody just hates them here in the business. If I’m Jimmy Kimmel, and I don’t know Jimmy– I talk to him once every year when I’m a celebrity phone-a-friend on, let’s be a millionaire, two or three.

What do you do if you’re him? Do you come back? Do you say, “Okay, yes.” In my mind, they’re like, “They’re going to suspend him for a week, and he’ll be back next week.” I don’t know.

John: We don’t really know. Again, we’re recording this on Friday afternoon. By the time you hear this on Monday afternoon or Tuesday morning, things could be vastly different. It’s moving so quickly that Megana and I went to the protest at ABC yesterday, which was organized at noon, and sort of last-minute, we showed up there. Megana, why did you want to go?

Megana: I wanted to go because I feel like you read so much of this news in a vacuum, and I just think it’s important to show up when you can show up. This is a thing where it’s like a First Amendment violation. The other thing that is more concerning to me is the Nexstar television channel operator and their merger with this other company, and how powerful they’ll be. I don’t know how we protest against that.

Craig: I’m not sure it is a First Amendment violation. This is part of the problem.

John: Is it an indirect First Amendment violation? Because Carr and the FCC had threatened to pull licenses unless they did X, Y, or Z.

Craig: They didn’t do that. That’s actually why the FCC is there. You don’t have the right to use the public airways to say whatever you want. You have to conform to whatever. This is why I don’t like the fact that broadcast networks are there. By the way, broadcast networks have been doing this forever. Ask the Smothers Brothers. You can’t. They’re dead. The Smothers Brothers were taken off the air in 1969 because they kept talking about the Vietnam War in a way that the government didn’t like.

They were taken off the air and taken off the air at the height of their popularity. This is a thing. What’s going to happen between this with Jimmy Kimmel and the fact that Stephen Colbert lost his job, which is insane. Obviously, that was designed to help the CBS Paramount merger go through with Skydance. Who’s going to want to do a late-night talk show on network television now, other than Jimmy Fallon? It’s a real problem.

John: Yes. Obviously, you can pull that down and say that “Oh, there are economic factors at play as well. The late-night shows are not profitable the way they used to be, and all that stuff, whatever.”

Craig: They’re profitable.

John: At least they had the fig leaf of saying, “Oh, Colbert, it’s for business reasons, not for any other political reasons why we’re doing it.” Here, they’re not attempting to do that. It was clearly in reaction to this uproar, this manufactured uproar over.

Craig: It’s a manufactured uproar. It is also a manufactured uproar that follows a long-standing hatred of Jimmy Kimmel from people on the right. They don’t like the fact that he makes fun of Donald Trump because they’re incredibly sensitive. You know the people with the F Your Feelings T-shirts? Yes, they’re super sensitive. I suspect we may be looking at the end here of broadcast late-night television because I don’t think anybody good will ever want to do that job.

John: How does Saturday Night Live come back in the fall?

Craig: Saturday Night Live never stops coming back. Saturday Night Live is forever. They aren’t going to do a sketch that makes fun of Charlie Kirk. It’s not really what they do. They’ll make fun of ABC.

John: Yes, but if you look at the comment that was made, it wasn’t making fun of Charlie Kirk, though. It was–

Craig: I completely agree. I feel like Saturday Night Live gets a historical pass. They legitimately do make fun of everybody, but late-night talk– Also, Saturday Night Live is incredibly profitable. Late-night talk shows, I think you’re just going to see that it’s once a week on Netflix now. It’s once a week on Apple+.

Megana: Like with John Oliver.

Craig: John Oliver on HBO. John Oliver can do whatever he wants. Now, if Paramount buys Warner Brothers, I don’t think that’s–
John: Deal approved, yes.

Craig: The point is, HBO doesn’t have to worry about the FCC coming after them. The FCC can’t do a damn thing about HBO.

John: All right, let’s get some more follow-up. We have a Scriptnotes book coming out on December 2nd, and around that time, you and I want to do a live show or maybe two live shows in Los Angeles to promote the book.

Craig: Sure.

John: A question I have that I would love our listeners to help us answer is, should we do one live show on the East Side, or should we do two live shows, an East Side show and a West Side show?

Craig: Do I get a vote?

John: You get a vote.

Craig: One show.

John: Okay. [laughter] The argument for two shows is that if we could just do Dynasty Typewriter, it’s incredibly small, and it’s great if we can sell it out, but we can’t fill that many seats, and there’s probably more people who actually want to come and get a copy of the book. That’s fine.

Craig: You’re thinking Shrine Auditorium.

[laughter]

John: Yes, so Shrine Auditorium should be able to hold everybody.

Craig: You got better.

John: Basically, we need to know how many people want to come.

Craig: Get a sense of–

John: Get a sense of that. There’s now a little tally form that’s up. We’ll put a link in the show notes to it. Some people can click and say, “Oh, I want to come to a show on the East Side. I want to come to a show on the West Side. We get a sort of overall headcount. We’ll figure out whether we’re doing one show, if we’re doing two shows, and what size venue we need if we need a bigger place.

Craig: We could do one show on the West Side, too, if most people are on the West.

John: Exactly. That’s what I’m saying. We could do both.

Craig: Do you know what your mobster name is?

John: What’s this?

Craig: Johnny Two Shows.

John: Johnny Two Shows.

[laughter]

Craig: Johnny Two Shows.

John: For either of these events, we’d be partnering up with a local bookstore, and your ticket would get you a signed copy of the book. That would be probably a $32 ticket, which gets you a free copy of the book.

Craig: Oh, I like that number, 32. Very specific.

John: We have a follow-up on verticals. It’s a long one. I think probably I’m going to post this on the blog instead because, man, it’s a long one.

Craig: Those things.

John: Peter had a writing job on a vertical and actually had a better experience than the last guy we talked through. He ended up making about $15, $40 a week with benefits, which is much lower than what a WGA rate would be. Well lower. Yes. Had a reasonably good experience. He was not a WGA writer, which is good because a WGA writer shouldn’t be working on these things.

Craig: It would be against our rules.

John: It would be against our rules. I’ll put this on the blog so people can see what his experience was. Last bit of follow-up. I sent this to you yesterday, and I want to hear your reaction live on the show. Jerry wrote in, “I saw something on Instagram that I thought you and Craig might have some fun with, a digital D&D die. Basically, it is a oversized die that you roll, and it always comes with the screen side up, and that gives you the number result.” What was your impression of this D&D die?

Craig: I wanted it to do something else ultimately. I did enjoy their video because they were so excited as they were doing it.

John: They were rolling a die for no purpose.

Craig: Fighting over it and rolling a die for no purpose. I’m like, “Okay, now what happens? Now what happens?” They just kept rolling the die. There are lots of gimmick dies. What does that die do? You have to roll a die, and then you see a number. Isn’t that just what rolling a die does anyway?

John: I didn’t have sound turned on for the video, but if I were building this product, which I’m not intended to ever build, I think if you roll a 20, a critical hit, it should make a very cool sound. Then, like a sad trombone, if you roll a one.

Craig: Okay, but I just didn’t see the purpose. There are things where you got to put a little screen in there and a little random number generator. That’s not hard. I don’t know. I can’t imagine being excited. Hardcore nerds, and I think you and I qualify, my friend, when it comes to these things, we’re more interested in purchasing strange manufactured dice.

John: You and Chris Morgan and some other folks are. I could not give a crap about fancy dice.

Craig: Absolutely, nor should you. If you do, you’re looking for strange metal.

John: The lab diamond.

Craig: Yes, tungsten and weird designs that are dwarven or elvish. Look at Megana. She’s like, “Oh my God.”

Megana: This is like your crystals.

John: Yes, and literally, they are crystal dice. You have to be so careful with it because they can’t roll against each other because they’ll chip.

Craig: These are like your crystals.

Megana: Do you have one for your birth month, Craig?

Craig: No, I don’t even know what my birthstone is. What’s my birthstone? I was born in April. I’m terrified that it’s diamond. I think it might be diamond.

Megana: Yes, you’re an Aries.

John: It is the diamond.

Craig: It’s diamond. I can’t afford diamond dice.

John: No one can.

Megana: Dungeons & Dragons dice. That’s incredible.

Craig: No one’s made diamond dice.

Megana: Lab-grown.

Craig: What?

Megana: A lab-grown diamond dice.

Craig: Think of how big the– Each diamond has to be the size of the Hope Diamond. [laughter] Because they’re enormous. It’s like an 800-carat diamond is your D20. It’s been like, careful. I don’t. I don’t.

Megana: Now people know what to get you for Christmas.

John: It would be really challenging to engrave the diamond.

Craig: You have to engrave it with another diamond? [laughter] How do you even see what it is? Chris Morgan has the shiny, crystally glass. They’re beautiful. They reflect a million bits of light.

John: Incredibly hard to read.

Craig: Hard to read. The D4, which is a pyramid, is pointy enough to hurt you.

John: Yes, you could drop a lot of the D4.

Craig: Yes, I like that one.

John: That is not an existential threat, but let’s get to our actual meta topic about existential threats.

Craig: I’m going to call that segue man.

John: Megana, would you read what Donna wrote?

Megana: Donna writes, “Hi, John and Craig. I’m still deep in my quest to finish all your back episodes, and today I listened to Episode 334, Worst Case Scenarios. In it, you might recall you talked about a plague and AI, among other potential screenwriting death knells. Since both of those things are now part of our reality, I wondered if it’s worth revisiting this idea from eight years ago. To see how much more real the threats you named feel, and if there are any new ones, and if you would up your percentages on their likely effects on screenwriting careers.”

John: Great. I went back and looked at the transcript for 334. This is pre-pandemic, pre-Zoom, and we were really close on a lot of things. We talked about scenarios in which there’s no screenwriting happening anymore because the world has so fundamentally changed. I’m walking dead and sort of post-apocalyptic.

Craig: Zombies.

John: The luxury of screenwriting. It’s just not a thing that anyone would do. We also talked about economic collapse, some of the Great Depression, but of course, there were still movies being made during the Great Depression.

Craig: Loads.

John: We talked about scenarios in which there were still movies, but screenwriters were no longer being hired, either because they were all being hired from overseas, or there would be AI. For 2018, we were dead on with AI. You said, “I think AI, I’m just guessing here, will never get better than mediocre.” Mediocre would be amazing, by the way. The fact that a computer could be a mediocre writer would be amazing. That was Craig in 2018.

Craig: I think I nailed it on that one. Currently, AI is amazingly mediocre, and that is amazing.

John: Yes. I would say that the written material generated by AI is much better quality than I would have assumed, and yet it does not have a human quality. That’s a challenging thing to achieve.

Craig: Not yet. No.

John: We talked about whether the WGA could cease to exist, perhaps being eliminated by a government fiat. Lots on the table. We were squishy on our timeframe for things. Between 5 and 20 years, which is a big range considering how fast things are moving.

Craig: Sure. What year was this?

John: 2018?

Craig: Here we are seven years later.

John: Things are still around.

Craig: I think for a couple of guys predicting things, it’s not too bad.

John: You had said our percentage chance for civilization-ending events was between 2% and 5%. Is that a range you still would hold yourself in?

Craig: Yes.

John: An economic event that ends all movies. We were at one–

Craig: Sorry, I’m going to go up on that, actually. I’m going to go 5% to 10% because of AI. If they continue to shift, for instance, the control of weapons of mass destruction to systems that are even vaguely AI, much less fully AI, then we are entering a danger zone. I’m going to go up on that one.

John: Yes. I haven’t read the book yet, but–

Craig: I’d say 7.5%.

John: By the time this comes out, everyone will be talking about If Anyone Builds It, Everyone Dies, which is a new book about superintelligence and why we need to avoid superintelligence. I think I wasn’t sticking AI in the catastrophic risk back in 2018. I certainly would put it very high there.

Craig: Have I talked about Douglas Hofstadter and his whole thing about AI?

John: No. What’s this?

Craig: Douglas Hofstadter is a brilliant man, professor. He wrote the book Gödel, Escher, Bach, which is a famous rumination on art and early artificial intelligence. He always felt that it was never going to get better than a certain thing. He was always the guy who was like, “Everyone, please stop worrying.” Now, I read [laughs] an entry of him where he said, “It’s all I worry about every day. It’s all I think about every day, and I’m pretty sure we’re doomed.”

That doesn’t feel good.

John: No, not a bit.

Craig: I’m not saying he’s necessarily right, but I do marvel at the stupidity of the way we’re just all rushing towards this because I don’t even know why we’re doing it. They keep telling me that AI is going to make things better. Every stupid app I have is like, “Now we can do AI.” I’m like, “For what? I don’t need it.”

John: I think you need to distinguish between cheap commercial consumer applications of AI to the hard science, the mathematics, the engineering kinds of things that it does demonstrate some real capabilities to in ways that are both useful, but also much more dangerous. Those are the real concerns. We shouldn’t go too deep into this in this podcast because it’ll go way off the rails. Yes, you do have to be concerned both in what the current systems can do and how the destabilizing and bad effects of them, but also be mindful of a meteor that’s coming, which is–

Craig: We do always have to worry about the meteor. The only thing that gives me hope about any of these things is that there is a wall, a wall we can’t see that is inherent to the way that these things function. Once they hit that wall, they can go no further. There is that AI may begin to feed on itself and just create recursive slop and thus suicide.

John: I’m not convinced that wall exists.

Craig: We’ll find out.

John: I don’t want to find out. [laughter]

Craig: You’re going to.

John: An economic event that stops all movies. We’d said 1%. Will bad economic events happen? Almost certainly. I think we’re headed towards one.

Craig: An economic event to stop movies?

John: I think we’re headed to a bad economic time, but will that stop movies? No.

Craig: We’re always headed to a bad economic time and a good one. That’s inevitable. Man, if the pandemic couldn’t kill movies, at this point, I’m going to go ahead and say they are immortal. They just seem immortal.

John: International writers taking all of the domestic writers’ jobs.

Craig: No, it doesn’t seem to be happening at all.

John: It’s not happening either. AI doing the job of screenwriters. You said 1%. I didn’t give a percent back in 2018. I think we will see examples of material that’s being generated by these machines doing some of the stuff that screenwriters would normally do. I think that’s bad, but I don’t think it’s catastrophic for the industry. I think if we survive AI, screenwriters will survive AI as well. Because so much of what we do is not just sticking words after each other. It’s actually being able to intuit what people need, what this movie feels like.

It’s being able to predict how this will actually work on a screen.

Craig: Yes. Also, I think humans are required to create things that people didn’t know they wanted. That’s the big advantage we have. We just invent things that no one realized. One thing that’s helped shore this up is that the Writers Guild, which still exists, has made it so that companies really can’t use AI.

If that all collapses, I suppose that’s the end of that. I’m going to put that at 5% now. It is encouraging to note that in this era of AI obsession, no one’s really going, “Hey.”
The con artists and the startups are all like, “We can do–” but nobody that actually runs these companies and makes money, no serious people are saying, “Let’s have ChatGPT write a screenplay.”

John: That’s absolutely true. You see things like the Lion’s Fate of it all, no one’s talking about end-to-end this stuff. Even in 2018, we were talking about the risk of a new form of entertainment that’s coming out of either AI or some other way that basically takes the place of movies and television, or the time and attention, which I think is a genuine worry. I think it’s absolutely possible that something else is just so compelling that you don’t want to sit and watch a movie for two hours, or you don’t want to watch even a half-hour TV show, the way that TikTok can suck up all of your time.

Craig: That’s a real thing. I don’t think people quite yet understand how much time is going to be taken up by Grand Theft Auto VI. I’m not joking. Grand Theft Auto VI-

John: Production will plummet.

Craig: -is going to hit our time consumption as a civilization.

John: Is it 2027 now?

Craig: I thought it was 2026, but late. We’ll have to check. When it happens, it’s going to be insane.

John: Traffic accidents will drop temporarily, but then increase.

Craig: [laughs] After you play GTA, you get in your car, you have to just remind yourself, “I’m not allowed to hit pedestrians.” Also, red lights are serious. They’re not suggestions.

John: No, you really have to [crosstalk]

Craig: You have to actually stop at the red light because in Grand Theft Auto, nobody stops. If you stop at a red light, you’re an idiot. You got places to go. You know how you get away from the police, Megana?

Megana: I do not.

Craig: While they’re chasing you pull into some sort of auto body shop, close the garage, repaint your car, you roll out, police never know. It’s not how law enforcement works, actually.

Megana: It’s kind of clever.

John: Absolutely.

Craig: Works in [crosstalk]

John: You got a good heist movie. Lastly, talked about the end of the WGA back in 2018. You said a 4% chance that there’s no WGA in the future. I would increase that a bit. I just feel like there’s, with the anti-union sentiment and the sense of some way to say that it’s anti-competitive, whatever, that the existence of unions is anti-competitive, by government fiat, I think there’s a reason why WGA–

Craig: Ultimately, it comes down to the courts. If the courts decide that the NLRB can be overturned or whatever, which they’re contemplating, then, yes, I could see the end of unions. The problem with the end of unions is that there are going to be strikes. Unions aren’t going to go quietly. What you don’t want if you are running a government is all the unions striking all at once, because then it is cats and dogs sleeping together in a nightmare. I think they’re going to want to allow unions. Let’s not forget that unions are also useful to businesses.

John: Absolutely. Predictability.

Craig: Predictability, and they create both a floor and a ceiling, which is helpful. The ceilings are great for business. Sure, Amazon, Meta, all these guys, they hate labor unions. They’re also trying to hire people for $500 million. Do you know what I mean? Maybe they should rethink their stupid obsession with no unions. I’m going to put it at 5%.

John: All right.

Megana: All of your percentages are so low.

Craig: Yes. Well, because they should be.

Megana: Is the world ending?

Craig: If you say there’s a 50-50 shot the WGA won’t exist in whatever five years, that goes in deadline. That’s a big deal.

John: Yes. Even low percentages can be absolutely terrifying. I was reading a blog post. I don’t see if I can find a link to it. It was basically arguing that if you think there is even a 50% chance of this terrible thing happening, you should reasonably dedicate all your efforts to stopping that thing. By putting it at 5%, we’re acknowledging that this is a serious concern, but not a “stop everything until this is addressed” concern.

Craig: As John and I know, because we play D&D constantly, what we’re really saying is you’re rolling a 1 on the D20.

John: That happens.

Craig: All the time.

Megana: Yes. This is really nice because I have a friend who’s constantly saying that our careers won’t exist in five years.

Craig: Maybe don’t be friends with that person. They’re annoying. How does that help you?

John: It’s not helpful.

Megana: It doesn’t. It keeps me up at night.

Craig: Right. Maybe, no. Maybe, are you getting anything good out of that friend?

Megana: Yes.

Craig: Okay. Then you can tell them that you have a need, and your need is for them to stop it.

Megana: You guys think that screenwriters will be around for–

John: I do. I was actually talking about doing a New York Times opinion piece for the book. That may actually be a good topic. Like, screenwriters will still exist, assuming anything exists.

Craig: Only issue is that the machines may use that as exhibit number one when we’re put on trial and beheaded.

John: We’ll have to be careful with our words, but fortunately, we are wordsmiths. We can figure it out.

Craig: We should use ChatGPT to write that.

[laughter]

John: Good Lord. Are there new threats? I was thinking of some threats that didn’t occur to me in 2018. It was American authoritarianism. We were in the first Trump administration, but it was inept. They were trying to do bad things, but they couldn’t actually pull them off very well. I certainly underestimated the ability of motivated people to just wreck systems.

Craig: Yes. The American authoritarianism is at a high point. We’ve been here before. I always like to put things in political perspective because people think this is unprecedented. It is not. Although the manner in which it is unfolding is particularly stupid and worthy of contempt. Yes, it is a more concerning problem now, I think, than it has ever been before in my lifetime.

John: The actual– we were talking about with the Kimmel, if you want to call this government censorship, it feels like the ability of the federal government to stop speech that it doesn’t want to happen is a real thing. Complying in advance, like, we’re not going to greenlight this thing because we know it’s going to piss off something.

Craig: Yes. In the past, I think people that operated on broadcast networks were very careful. Johnny Carson never said anything that was going to get him kicked off the air. Everybody behaved with this decorum. Over time, all of us, including obviously our ridiculous president, we’ve lost all sense of decorum everywhere. Now, I’m not suggesting that Jimmy Kimmel exhibited a lack of decorum. I don’t think he did, but because we are all collectively playing it less safe, trouble is afoot.

We have an administration that is laser-focused on stuff that doesn’t matter. They are just, wow, they really need to deal with this Jimmy Kimmel problem, but not say the fact that millions of Americans are hungry. There is still an opioid crisis. Real estate’s getting stupid again. I could run down a long list of things. They laser-focus on picking up eight guys outside of a Home Depot. Wow, thank you for solving that problem.

John: Other things I would add that weren’t on my radar in 2018 would be international blockades. Our film and television industry is our biggest export, and it’s because the rest of the world wants to see our things. They don’t have to want to see the rest of our things. They could put up prohibitions to stop that from happening. If we lose the international box office, our industry changes.

Craig: Yes. We got a little bit excited about how much money was coming in from China, and that became a whole thing. Let’s take a beat for a second and point out that Hollywood, while decrying the state of affairs in the United States and censorship and all the rest, willingly, thrillingly dealt with repressive China forever, thrilled to give them censored versions of things. They censor our work in the Middle East. My show is censored when it airs in the Middle East. It makes me insane.

When I look at Hollywood wringing their hands over Jimmy Kimmel, I’m sorry, I just can’t help but think, “We don’t have clean hands here in this business.”

John: We have an expectation that when I turn on the TV, I get the real thing. [laughter] I get the real source.

Craig: You here as a privileged American, should get what you want.

John: Yes, absolutely. It’s our pretty privilege. Lastly, in 2018, I wasn’t thinking about actual war being a possibility. I do think it’s a significantly higher percentage chance that we’re in an actual war situation now than we would have been in 2018. Do you disagree?

Craig: I currently am going to lower my, because we are in an isolationist stance and a hard isolationist stance. The most hard right of the right, which seems to be the force that’s pulling things, is, as it has always been, isolationist. If this were 1999, I would say, “Oh, there’s a 40% chance we’re going to be sending troops, perhaps under the guise of NATO, into Ukraine.” There’s currently a 0% chance we do that now.

John: Yes, but I would say the odds that we have military action inside our borders is significantly higher than ever before.

Craig: That, I’m not sure what to call it exactly. That would just be military repression within the United States.

John: Let’s move on from this grim topic to something more constructive, which should be short films.

[laughter]

Craig: That is, whatever the opposite of segue man is pivot man.

John: Ian wrote in. Megana, can you read what Ian wrote?

Megana: Ian writes, “In the last few months, I’ve started resurrecting an animated short that I started a decade ago. I would love to hear your thoughts about short films. I found it very challenging to find the right balance of telling a story that is full and compelling, but simple enough to get across in 10 minutes. I would love to know what you all think makes a great short film, as opposed to a feature. Are there any structure or character considerations that you think are especially important in a short, especially in a case where there is no dialogue?”

John: All right. This is just a great question for me because I gave a presentation a couple months ago about short films specifically. I had to really think about, “Oh, what do I mean by short films? What are the characters that are different?” I’m going to run through some of these, but then I would love to have a conversation with you, Craig, about what you feel like. My basic premise is that short films are like jokes. They have setup, they have development, and they have payoff.

They need to have all three things, whether they’re funny or whether they’re horror or whatever the nature of them is. They are like jokes in that way. That setup is meeting your hero and their deal, which has to happen very quickly. Development is the change and the escalating consequences. That payoff is the release of tension that happens over the course of it.

Basically, every good short film you’re going to see is going to follow that basic pattern because that’s what your expectation is with a short film.

They’re not small versions of long movies. They don’t have three acts. They get right to it. They have ruthless compression. You open them as late as possible. You use images instead of exposition wherever you can. You’re writing a postcard, not a book. You have to frame everything around one question, one dilemma. There are no subplots. There are no supporting characters. You have to make sure you are showing versus explaining. It has to be even more so than most movies. You need to be able to understand what’s happening if you didn’t have the sound on.

It just has to really unfurl in a way that you quickly get what the question is and what the resolution of the short film is. Having watched the Academy shorts for so many years, the best ones do follow this. There’s some other ones that are like, “Why is this in there?” They’re tedious and they’re 25 minutes long, but the best ones do follow this pattern.

Craig: I like that. Like a joke, like a song. They are very focused. Ian, animation is great for short films. Ian is working in animation. One of the reasons why is because animation tends to be pure story, in no small part, because it’s expensive. Every frame costs something. You want to make sure it’s dense, calorically dense, gets to the point, delivers. Short films often do have ironic endings, twist endings, surprise endings. They also do give you space to do things without dialogue.

When you look at a movie like Flow, which is not a short film, they were able to do that without dialogue the whole way because animation is so evocative that way. WALL-E, very little dialogue until suddenly there’s a lot. Yes, in a short film, you have a chance to be a limerick, a song, a joke, whatever you want to call. Look at the other short forms of other things. Short stories, which are some of my favorite stories, are great lessons for anyone making a short film. Read Shirley Jackson.

John: The three short films I want to steer, Ian, and our listeners to, first is Lights Out, which is a horror short that later became a feature. It’s such a simple premise of there’s a monster that comes every time you turn the lights out, and it gets closer and closer. Paperman, which was, I think, probably won the Oscar. Black and white short film, no dialogue, gorgeously done. Then The Long Goodbye, which is a Riz Ahmed short film. I don’t remember if he directed it or not, but he stars in it. It just seems like a slice of life, family, and a house, and then terrible things happen.

The setup and payoff is brilliant. Examples of three very different short films, but they still have that core theme, which is that they’re very clear in what they’re trying to deliver. They’re not subplots. They’re not other things. It’s not trying to set up a bigger world. They are contained within themselves.

Craig: I think it’s good for people to consider that even though it seems like making a short film is easier than making a feature film because it’s short, the demands narratively are higher. You don’t have any wiggle room. You don’t have time to coast. You don’t have moments to luxuriate. Everything has to be intentional. Everything has to get you closer and closer to that ending, which must be a big punch to the face, a big laugh, a big cry, whatever it is.

John: That ties in very well to the question from James here.

Megana: James says, “I’m directing my first short in a couple months. I’ve spent the year saving for it and tried to think carefully about the script. I know it’s pretty good, but can’t help preoccupying myself with how I hope it might sell me. How can I validate its existence apart from festival success? I want to believe in the magic of just making a picture, but the immense financial and energetic resources required cause me to be anxious rather than excited to do more of what I like.”

John: Basically, I think James is trying to make a calling card film. It’s making a short film that will announce himself to the world. While I understand that instinct, he needs to actually just make sure that the short film he’s making is the best short film he can possibly make. That feels like he’s mistaking the outcome of the process and the actual aim of this thing.

Craig: There’s a little bit too much good therapy work and self-love in that. [laughter] Honestly, he’s worried about it being valid. No, think incredibly practically. It is a business. It’s an investment. It is a lot of money. There is nothing inherently valid about a short film. It’s either good, medium, bad. Yes, you do need to make it good. The anxiety you’re feeling is perhaps tied to the fact that you got a lot riding on this. Do the work ahead of time to stress-test it. Sit down with some folks, read it through.

Shoot a really simple version of it on the iPhone without any props or lighting or anything, and then edit that. That costs literally nothing except time and some friends who might be willing to help. Is it good? Treat it like business. It’s business. This is your career.

John: Here’s where I want to push back a little bit about “it’s business.” It’s not business in the sense that you’re going to make money off of this, because you will not make money off the short film. What you will hopefully do is make something that is so good that people want to meet with you and talk to you about doing other projects.

Craig: That’s the business.

John: That’s the business.

Craig: That’s why you’re putting money into it. You can’t put money into it just so that it exists. That’s not enough.

John: A short film, though, is also a chance to experiment, to learn. It’s a great education in how things go from being on the page to actually being on a screen. You’ve got to celebrate that as well. I look now at so many content creators who are doing stuff for TikTok or for Instagram Reels or whatever or YouTube. They’re not quite making short films. They’re doing something else that’s orthogonal to it. It’s using the same equipment but not doing the same kind of stuff.

Friends of mine did this program with a bunch of big YouTube people, where they went off and made narrative short films. They found it very difficult. It was a similar skill but not quite the same skill. Those people did have real talents of being able to understand shot by shot by shot by shot how stuff can work and cut together. Listen, James, I know you have a vision for this that’s going to put you on a path to this place. I just wouldn’t focus on that as being the main thing you’re working on with this is basically you want to do this because you want to make something good that people will watch and be entertained by.

If you do something that’s really good, it’s going to get your career moving ahead. You’ve got to focus on what is this thing, what is the thing itself, rather than what is the outcome of it.

Craig: Yes. Making it good implies that it maybe won’t be good. You have to let that in. This is really important. I think that there’s this toxic positivity thing that happens where people are like, I had an idea and therefore– Maybe it’s a bad idea. I can tell he is because he’s scared. That’s the best news of all. That fear, that’s useful. It’s useful fear. It’s telling you something. Listen to it.

John: We have one last one that’s on topic here. This is Matt from Boston.

Megana: Matt writes, “I’m an emerging screenwriter who’s written a handful of feature scripts, some of which have received interest from managers and production companies. I recently received an email from a producer asking if I have a concept trailer for one of my scripts. In the email, the person explained they produce concept trailers for writers who have high-scoring, unproduced scripts and are looking for a new way to cut through the noise and get their projects the attention they deserve.”

Craig: Oh God.

Megana: “I understand the usefulness of directors such as Damien Chazelle with Whiplash creating proof-of-concept short films, but I’m wondering how helpful creating a concept trailer would be for a screenwriter. I believe the focus should remain on writing and developing the best script possible. Curious to get your thoughts on this.”

John: Two separate things here.

Craig: Just so I’m clear, somebody emails him back and goes, “Hey, you know what you should do? You should pay us.” That’s like when you get an email that says, “Congratulations, we want to include you in the who’s who of America. You give us $1,000, and you can be in the–” just a rip-off. That’s just a straight-up con artist rip-off. I hate these companies that prey on people. I loathe them. Loathe bottom feeders.

John: Let’s acknowledge that, set that aside. Don’t pay this producer person. Let’s talk in a general sense about concept trailers or little short films that show the proof-of-concept for something. I think they can be valid, especially for something that you realistically could shoot yourself, that you’re trying to raise money for to shoot as indie film. I think it makes sense if that’s a thing you actually want to do. What I worry about is that we start to create a whole bunch of other auxiliary industries for these people. Not only do you have to be a really good screenwriter, but you also have to be able to write and produce and direct these other little short things, which is not the job of a writer.

Craig: I’ll tell you the kind of script that doesn’t need a concept trailer, a good one. Because a good script is the proof of concept. If it’s good, it’ll work. Nobody has ever read a really good script and gone, “Oh my God, this is great,” but I need a proof-of-concept.

John: Here’s the question. The reason why the proof-of-concept trailers happen is because it’s to get you to read the script. That, I think, is a valid thing, and there are examples of people who’ve done it.

Craig: If anybody refuses to read a script unless they see a proof-of-concept trailer–

John: They’re not refusing to read it. They’re not interested in reading it.

Craig: Then who are those people?

John: They are people who value their reading time. They’re not going to read a thing until they see a thing. They would rather spend Lights Out, which is the little short that I mentioned before. It’s basically a proof-of-concept thing. It’s like a 90-second thing. People spend 90 seconds to do a thing.

Craig: Yes. If you have a high concept, it can be–

John: That’s the reason why I think you do it.

Craig: I still think that our business largely runs on people reading.

John: Yes, it does.

Craig: Part of what happens here is everybody is desperate to exert control over the process. There is no control over the process. The only way you can truly exert control over the process is by writing something undeniably good. That’s it.

John: We’re not in disagreement there. I do think that in certain genres and for really high-concept ideas, a trailer, a short film could be a good way to pique interest in it.

Craig: Spend as little money as possible.

John: Or you do a thing where you make a short that actually is good in and of itself. That goes to festivals-

Craig: That’s different.

John: -and people say, “Oh, well, this is a good short, and I would love to see the feature version of that.”

Craig: That’s the Whiplash method, and that’s fine. You can absolutely make a short film that you then are like, “Look, I have a feature version of this. That is, in and of itself, a whole thing, but just for a script that is good? Just like, hey, read the first five pages. There’s my little teaser.

John: Let’s answer our listener question from Martin. He’s writing about staff writers’ salaries.

Megana: Martin asks, “We now have TV shows like Severance and Shogun that might yield one season of output over a three-year period. Presumably, the writers are working on that material the entire time. Are the salaries for the writers on those shows structured in such a way that it is a living/desirable wage for a person in this industry at that level? Are those people forced to find other work while they work on their eight scripts over a three-year period?”

John: Martin has a presumption there that is not actually correct. Presumably, the writers are working on material that entire time. That’s not how these shows work. Writers on shows like Severance or Shogun are hired for a writer’s room, a writing period. Maybe it’s 20 weeks, maybe it’s longer than that. On shows like this, they’re basically getting all the scripts written ahead of time. Those writers go away, and then it’s left to the showrunners and maybe another producer to stay on board to actually make the rest of the shows.

We’ve had many showrunners come on the show talking about how it’s a real struggle to get the studio to pay for it. I need another writer on set to help me out here. Ms. Hannah has talked about that.

Craig: Which I think we now have mandated to some amount. The last strike, in no small part, was about addressing some of these issues because it had become an enormous problem, particularly in the case of what they call mini rooms, which is a really bad name for what it is. It’s not descriptive, but pre-green light rooms where writers were not being paid, or they were being paid for a week, but then they would be held exclusive for these long stretches of time where they couldn’t do anything else. Then the show wouldn’t go.

We’ve done quite a bit of work on the union side to address some of those things. John’s right. There is some fundamental misunderstandings here. Why does Severance take three years? Because they shoot slowly. Production is the longest phase. That’s the same for me and my show. That’s the same for Justin and his show. That’s just how it goes. Because I write and Justin writes and Dan Erickson writes, the primary writer is there constantly going while the show is being shot.

Yes, you don’t hold a full-size room throughout the course of production. Nobody does that because of the way these shows are made. It used to be that you would because shows were made so quickly. There are still shows that function like that.

John: Yes, Tracker on CBS.

Craig: Sure. Tracker on CBS. That is–

John: It’s a big room that’s constantly writing, and they’re writing as they’re shooting.

Craig: Because they’re making 22 episodes a season, because their production is about, I’m going to guess, 8 days an episode, maybe 9. For a show like Severance, their production is probably between 20 and 30 days an episode, sometimes maybe even more. Same goes for me. Same goes for Shogun. That’s how that functions. Because of that, no. That’s why it takes so long in between these shows, because of the scale of them or just the nature of how they go. For those shows, no.

John: Overall, I’d say Martin’s instinct was right. It feels like it would be a problem. How would you possibly make it work? It was a problem, and so we had to address it.

Craig: We definitely fixed some things. The good news here is that writers who work on these shows for, let’s say, 20 weeks, when they’re done, they go work on another show, hopefully, for another 20 weeks. They’re not held. Basically, it’s not like they work on a show for 20 weeks, and then they have to wait until that show has finished production for them to go and do another job.

John: Megana, you had this experience firsthand because you worked on a show for a writer’s room for a time, and then while that show was still shooting, you were off on another show.

Megana: Right. Yes. To get back to Martin’s question, though, about whether this is structured in a way that’s like a living desirable wage, I would still say no.

John: Because the real challenge, if you’re constantly hopping from show to show to show, it’s hard to piece together enough work over the course of a year to do it. It’s better than it was before, where people were being held on things and they couldn’t actually pursue other work, but it’s still really challenging.

Megana: Also, in our industry, you give 25% to your reps, your lawyers, and California taxes, et cetera, et cetera. I think for a lot of people in this industry, they are going a couple of years without finding work. To answer your second question, I think you are forced to find other sources of income.

Craig: Yes. The availability of work is the problem. If you could fill 50 weeks of the year, you would make a living wage.

John: If you could fill 40 weeks of the year, you would probably make a living wage.

Megana: 20 weeks.

Craig: Or 20. Finding those jobs is hard because there are not a lot of them.

John: There are many fewer than there were a few years ago.

Craig: Therefore, the competition for them is more intense. Therefore, people who have more experience are now competing for the same jobs that rookies are competing for. That squeeze is the problem that our membership faces. What the Writers’ Guild can do is negotiate how much you get paid a week if you’re getting paid, and how many weeks at a minimum you’re going to be paid for. Beyond that, what they can’t do is help you get a job. When the industry contracts and the jobs contract, then it becomes brutal.

I’ve heard nothing good from folks out there. Look, I’m happy that I was able to employ people. I think we employed them for 20 weeks. We’re just a show. You know what may be a good sign, actually? Let’s think about something positive for a moment. The Pitt won the Emmy for Best Drama, which I thought was fantastic. The Pitt is a new thing. It is halfway between the old model and the new model. Therefore, it is the new model, which is we’re going to do 15 episodes. We’re not doing 6 to 10. We’re also not doing 22. We’re doing 15.

That means we do need more writers, and it is going to run longer. Okay, I don’t think anybody’s thinking that we’re going to be able to fill all the network schedules with Dick Wolf shows that run 22 episodes a season, but this new model may catch on.

John: Yes, and are shot here in Los Angeles.

Craig: Well, that’s the most wonderful thing. That’s a whole other discussion, though.

John: Let’s take one last question. This is from Lawant about URLs.

Megana: Lawant writes, “This feels like a very basic and answerable question. How does film and TV production deal with fictional URLs? I’m currently co-writing a movie about hacking that has a significant amount of screen time dedicated to what’s happening on computer monitors, which includes hacking over the internet. Are we liable if we use URLs that either someone else or nobody owns? As in, while we’re not showing anything illegal on those sites, could a company that owns a URL we show give us trouble? Is there an equivalent to the 555 phone numbers used on TV?”

John: In most cases, Lawant, you’re actually just registering the URL. You’re picking things that aren’t being used for other things, and you’re just actually getting them yourself. I own a bunch of URLs for things I need to do for projects, including Arlo Finch stuff, and it’s $10 a year or whatever. I just hold onto a bunch of these, and I suspect that’s what the legal counsel will ask you to do on any show.

Craig: This is a not problem. You don’t even have to spend the $10. I would say, hey, don’t use a URL that exists because, yes, it could be an issue. You just put whatever you want in there. You can always go www3 dot, dah, da, dah. Throw another symbol in there or whatever, just to change it up. Ultimately, that’s the production’s issue. They’ll make sure that they find things that are clearable and ownable and controllable. They can even use those things as Easter egg sites for people that want to dive in. This is not an issue.

John: Time for one cool thing. My one cool thing is called Maccy. It is a clipboard manager for your Mac. It is free. You should download it and install it. Craig, I don’t know if you use a clipboard manager.

Craig: I’ve tried so many times.

John: Once you get used to it, basically, a clipboard manager means when you copy something and paste it just holds onto everything that you’ve copied. You can go back like, “Oh, that’s the thing I needed.” It’s because so often you need to copy and paste two things, and rather than go back and forth, you just do that.

Craig: I think I said one of these years ago on the show. It was one cool thing. I just can’t find one that just–

John: This is the one you should use.

Craig: It’s called Maccy.

John: Maccy, M-A-C-C-Y.

Craig: For a MacBook.

John: It’s only for Mac.

Craig: Got it. M-A-C-C-Y.

John: Basically, Command-V is paste, Shift-Command-V or whatever else you want is open this, and just puts up a list of all the recent things in your clipboard. You can paste those in. That’s what it looks like.

Megana: This is incredible.

John: It’s so useful. The reason I’m mentioning it today is I updated my system software, and suddenly my clipboard manager wasn’t working on it. I had no idea what the name of the app was that I was actually using. It’s just been so invisible. There, it just feels like my computer’s broken if I don’t have this installed.

Craig: Okay, Maccy. That is now my one cool thing because if that works–

John: It is free and open source.

Craig: If this works–

John: You will be amazed at how much more productive you are.

Craig: I’m emailing myself to get Maccy. This is good. I’m doing it. I’m using that. That’s it. I’m stealing it.

John: That’s your one cool thing.

Craig: That’s my money. It’s cooler than anything I can think of. That’s awesome.

John: Do you have one cool thing you want to share with us?

Megana: Sure. I watched this documentary on Devo last night on Netflix. I would highly recommend it. It is a little bit depressing because it’s about this group of artists who didn’t quite get their message across. I found it uplifting in that it reminded me that artists have always struggled against the US government. This is not the first time. This is not the last. If you’re trying to do something new and inventive, it will probably be misunderstood, and you won’t find commercial success.

John: What was the name of the documentary again?

Megana: I think it’s just called Devo.

John: Devo. Just the band?

Megana: Yes. Are you familiar with Devo?

John: I know what they are. I can’t say I’m a fan, but I recognize them as being–

Craig: There are some fans of Devo. Maybe because of my age, I was just a little young.

John: Yes, same.

Craig: I never quite understood what the hell was going on there. Although, like everybody our age, I assume you went to a roller skate birthday party and you heard Whip It. Whip It, real good.

Megana: I would recommend this documentary. It’s really good.

John: All right. I’ll check it out.

Megana: I’ve always been a Devo fan because they’re little art freaks from Ohio.

John: Yes. Good stuff.

Craig: You must whip it.

John: Awesome.

Craig: You must whip it.

John: That is our show for this week. Scriptnotes is produced this week by Megana Rao, normally by Drew Marquardt, edited by Matthew Chilelli. Outro this week is by Luke Davis. If you have an outro, you can send us a link to ask at johnaugust.com. That is also the place where you can send questions like the ones we answered today. You’ll find transcripts at johnaugust.com along with our sign-up for a weekly newsletter called Interesting, which has lots of links to things about writing. You can find clips and other helpful video on our YouTube. Just search for Scriptnotes and give us a follow.

You will also find us on Instagram @Scriptnotes Podcast. We have T-shirts and hoodies, and drinkware. You can find all those at Cotton Bureau. You’ll find the show notes with the links to all the things we talked about today in the email you get each week as a premium subscriber. Thank you, premium subscribers. You make it possible for us to do things like transcripts where we can go back and look at what did we actually say in 2018.

Craig: What did we say?

John: What did we say? We have transcripts all the way back to episode one. You can sign up to become a premium member at scriptnotes.net where you get all those backup episodes and bonus segments like the one we’re about to record on intermission. Megana, thanks again for producing today.

Megana: Thank you guys for having me on.

Craig: Legend.

Megana: The Banshee.

Craig: The Banshee.

[Bonus Segment]

John: All right, intermissions. We were driving back from the Jimmy Kimmel protest yesterday, and we were thinking about what is the bonus topic going to be? We went through a lot of different options. I think because we’re both excited to see the new Paula Thomas Anderson movie, which is three hours long without an intermission, we thought we should talk about intermissions and intermissions as a concept for movies, but also for stage productions.

Craig: I love them.

John: Yes, I like them too.

Craig: I love an intermission. An intermission, first and foremost, lets you pee. That’s huge. Everybody gets in that place where they’re like, “Okay, I got to pee. I am trying to suss out if I am just hitting the right three-minute moment to run out, pee, run back in.

John: Mike, for a long movie, he’ll go to the site that tells you where you should pee. For the Marvel movies, especially, it’ll tell you this is when to run out.

Craig: I think you run at any point. No offense to Marvel movies, but you know.

John: You don’t want to miss the cool big moment.

Craig: I think you’re going to run out at the end. You don’t run to pee during the climactic action. I love an intermission for that reason. I also think for certain movies, you need an intermission to just, woo, because–

John: I thought The Brutalist’s intermission was very smartly done. Also, it’s like the movie really is in two parts. You’re introducing a new major character after the intermission.

Craig: It lets you restart, which, as we’ve talked about, beginnings are great. It gives you a place to have a little bit of an ending. My first intermission, the one that is seared into my brain, was when I saw Gandhi. I was a kid, and I’d never been to a movie that was– I don’t know how long Gandhi was. Gandhi, like three and a half hours long or something. I got to that intermission, and I was just like, I need this moment to just breathe and go, “Whoa.” Then go back in. I was so excited to go back in.

It was like it was a chance to just get ready for more. Because there is also, there’s only so much your brain can handle without just taking a little bit of a break. That’s why I love a musical where the curtain comes down. It gives you a chance to drive everybody excited and give them a chance to go pee and talk amongst themselves, and then get back into it.

John: I’m a fan of intermissions, but having now gone through Big Fish, the musical, doing a version that’s one act, it is so interesting to look at how the form of the intermission breaks musicals and forces patterns that are maybe not natural. In the two-act version of Big Fish, I love it, but we have to get up to this moment where the end of act one, it has to be a big song, a big moment, a big decision point that’s setting up for, “Oh, you want to come back after the intermission to see what pays off.” It is an artificial construct to do it.

It can’t just stop. It has to really start. Then you have to come into the second act with, there’s an expectation of size and scope and welcome back to the thing. Cutting those moments out of this one-act version, it’s like, oh, there’s sustained tension about the question the entire time through. That is a nice difference. I like both versions of it, but it’s just, you notice how much you are forcing things into a specific pattern when you have to have the intermission.

Megana: We were talking about this yesterday where you were saying The Brutalist is designed to have an intermission because it’s two distinct parts. Aren’t most movies, like you are working towards a midpoint where there’s going to be some sort of reversal or–

John: I also feel like the midpoint is a construct that was created by, I don’t know if it’s Sid Fields specifically, but I don’t think midpoints are really a thing the way that act rates are a thing.

Craig: Yes. They’re rarely divided in the middle. On Broadway, the first act is always longer than the second act.

John: For a theatrical film, the classic paradigm is that the first 30 pages is your first act and there’s not a cadence anymore. Then the next 60 pages are the second act, and the last 30 pages are the third act. Sure, sort of. It feels nice and symmetrical to say that at 60, there’s some sort of midpoint turn. I don’t find that in the movies I’ve written or most movies I’ve seen, I can really point out what that is.

Craig: No. In my How to Write a Movie 1, talk about it like how in the middle of a movie, generally, a character starts to realize they can’t go back, but they’re afraid of going forward. That’s not like a big plot thing necessarily.

Megana: Something you could have an intermission around.

Craig: Right. I don’t recall what scene was the last scene of the first part of Gandhi, but in my sense memory, it wasn’t designed for an intermission. It was sort of like, “We need an intermission, where can we put it?” “Here.” Which I was fine with.

John: It’s also worth thinking about, there were probably actual mechanical things they needed to think about. We saw Gandhi on film. Film was shipping on these giant reels. At a certain point, they literally needed to switch over what’s happening, or they needed to cut things together onto bigger plates. I just went and saw an old Hitchcock movie, Suspicion, over at Tarantino’s Theater. You realize, “Oh, that’s right.” We used to have to change reels. We used to have to do all these different things. An intermission is actually a chance to do physical things that needed to happen with film that aren’t necessary anymore.

Craig: They have. Obviously, you have the whole alternating reel thing, but it may also– I don’t know. I don’t know how did projectors need a moment to cool off or with the bulb burnout. I don’t know.

John: In the business model, they wanted people to go buy concessions, too.

Craig: That’s the other thing. If you run a movie that’s 3 and a half hours long, that movie costs the same as a movie that costs 90 minutes. That’s a problem for you as a theater owner. You’re absolutely right. You’re giving people a chance to go buy some more stuff because they don’t want films that long. It helps the exhibitors accept the film.

John: Notably, we have very long movies that don’t have intermission. A lot of James Cameron movies are very long and don’t have intermissions. They could be designed for it. You can imagine a version of Titanic that includes intermission.

Craig: Oh, absolutely. I think intermissions are dramatic. I think intermissions say, you are at the theater. This is special.

John: The other nice thing about an intermission is the filmmaker is making a decision about, this is the right moment to get up and leave, to go to the bathroom, to have a conversation, to do something else. When you’re watching a movie at home, you can just pause it at any point and do those things. You don’t know if this is a good moment to do it. If you knew that there was going to be a natural spot in there, you might do it better. TV has always been written for act breaks for that reason. You write up to the act breaks and they’re artificial, but they–

Craig: Commercials were 12 intermissions on a show.

Megana: There used to always be intermissions in India. I think for Western movies I saw in India, it would just be wherever they wanted to put it.

John: Talk to us about seeing Indian movies in India. How long is the total experience? Is there just one intermission? Is there going to be multiple intermissions? How would it work?

Megana: Yes. It used to seem like Bollywood movies were so long, but now most Hollywood movies are the same length. I would say two and a half, three hours. Watching a movie in an Indian theater is the most fun you’ll ever have. People are dancing and singing, and they’re in the aisles. You have a 15-minute intermission. It makes the experience an event. You go out and get snacks. There’s always such good food at Indian movie theaters. Then you can use the restroom and come back. Usually in Bollywood movies, the second half of the movie is the very sad, melodramatic part. That’s when you come back, and then you start crying.

John: The films you’re describing, they are written with an intermission. It’s not just that we’re stopping at a random place. You feel like they’re actually structured to have an intermission.

Megana: They are written with an intermission. What is that Jennifer Lopez movie with the snake?

Craig: Oh, Anaconda?

John: Anaconda, yes.

Megana: Anaconda, yes. I remember seeing Anaconda in theaters in India.

Craig: They just threw one in there?

Megana: Yes.

Craig: How long was Anaconda?

John: No, Anaconda is probably a 90-minute movie.

Megana: Yes, but it’s good for you to go get a snack and talk about things.

Craig: Listen, everybody needs a snack. I looked up, so–

Megana: I can’t believe I forgot Anaconda.

John: Yes. There’s a new Anaconda coming. I’m very excited for the new Anaconda. The trailer looks very, very funny.

Craig: 1982, Gandhi’s intermission was at the 1-hour and 31-minute mark.

John: That feels right.

Craig: It was followed by a three-minute musical interlude over a black screen before the second part of the film began. Basically, go pee, come back. However, this intermission was omitted for most subsequent releases. It was special. It was special.

John: I remember in the start of the program, we had to talk about plans for a re-release of a classic film. I chose Gone with the Wind. My proposal was rather than split it with the intermission, you should actually make it Gone with the Wind Part I and Gone with the Wind Part II.

Craig: Like two different nights?

John: Two different nights.

Craig: Sure.

Megana: More ticket sales.

John: Do it. Absolutely.

Craig: More ticket sales. Listen, we’re show people. We’re carnival barkers. Anything that works. Anything that works.

John: Including the intermission.

Craig: Including throwing an intermission into Anaconda.
[laughter]

John: Now for our intermission. Thank you, Craig. Thank you, Megana.

Megana: Thank you both.

Craig: Thanks, guys.

Links:

  • Remembering Sundance Institute Founder, Robert Redford
  • John’s post on Robert Redford
  • Digital Dungeons and Dragons Die
  • Tally to vote for Scriptnotes Live Shows
  • Scriptnotes Episode 334, Worst Case Scenarios, Transcript
  • Maccy App
  • DEVO Documentary on Netflix
  • Megana Rao on Instagram and X
  • Preorder the Scriptnotes Book!
  • Get a Scriptnotes T-shirt!
  • Check out the Inneresting Newsletter
  • Become a Scriptnotes Premium member, or gift a subscription
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  • John August on Bluesky and Instagram
  • Outro by Luke Davis (send us yours!)
  • Scriptnotes is produced by Drew Marquardt and edited by Matthew Chilelli.

Email us at ask@johnaugust.com

You can download the episode here.

Scriptnotes, Episode 704: Places, Everyone, Transcript

October 15, 2025 Scriptnotes Transcript

The original post for this episode can be found here.

John August: Hello, and welcome. My name is John August, and you’re listening to Episode 704 of Scriptnotes. It’s a podcast about screenwriting and things that are interesting to screenwriters.

Today on the show, how do you construct and communicate the geography for where your story is taking place, and how does that translate onto the screen? We’ll look at examples from our own work and others. Then we answer listener emails on a plethora of topics, from imposter syndrome to revisions to disappearing agents. To help us do all this, welcome back returning champion, Liz Hannah.

Liz Hannah: Wooo.

John: Oh my gosh, Liz, it’s so nice to have you here.

Liz: Thank you. Do I get a T-shirt? I feel like a five-timers club or something T-shirt is necessary.

John: Absolutely. We’re getting the robes made. It’s going to be so good.

Liz: Merch. Get me with the merch.

John: Hey, Liz, how do you talk about yourself as a writer? Are you a feature writer or a TV writer at this point? You have several amazing feature credits, but the most recent two things I associate you with are limited series. Are you feature land, TV land? What do you think about yourself as?

Liz: I often just say writer, and then if anybody asks, I’d say feature and television. I definitely avoid defining myself in any way. I don’t know. It’s a really good question. I feel bifurcated in my brain. I don’t feel one way or the other.

John: When you talk to your team, to your agents, and I assume you have a manager as well, what is the split in terms of the projects you’re pursuing? How are you talking to them about bring me these things, reach out with these things?

Liz: What I look for in features is much smaller now in terms of what I feel like I want to do that I haven’t done. I haven’t done a big four-quadrant movie. I’ve done rewrites on them, but I’ve never originated one. That’s a bucket list type of– at least for me, my favorite movie growing up and the movie that made me want to be a writer is Raiders. Wanting to do something like that is always in there. I’ve always flirted with it and never found the right one. That’s always one.

Then it really is, for me, filmmaker, team-based. That could be director, that could be producer, that could be whomever is involved that’s originating it. That is, I’m very now experience-based and I want to have a good experience. I don’t want to work with people that will make it not good. That is really how I– I talk about it really much more, I think, holistically in that way.

I’m also focused on directing now in features that I’m generating a lot of that material myself. By a lot, I mean slowly over the course of many years, there will be potentially one.

It’s a much more, I think, organic conversation of just, “Where do we want to go? What are we looking for?” and then also having the ability to be flexible. If a filmmaker comes up that I really like, that I have a relationship with, that I want to work with, then it goes there.

John: I changed reps about a year ago, a year-and-a-half ago. Time is a void into which all reason disappears.

Liz: I was at the chiropractor the other day and I was like, “I can’t believe it’s September 8th.” She was like, “It’s September 9th.” I was like, “Great.”

John: Great, love it. As I was changing reps, I had to make a list of these are the things I want to do, these are my priorities. I’ve mostly stuck to that. It’s interesting because I think people perceive me as just a features guy because all my credits are features for the last 20 years. The money I’ve actually been making and the things I’ve been doing have actually been on the episodic side. It’s just that there’s no visible evidence of that yet. I say that I’m mostly a features person, but that’s actually not entirely true given what I’ve been doing.

Liz: I think it’s interesting because pre-strike and post-strike, my business has mostly been in television. That’s where I’ve definitely had the most consistency. Also, post-strike, it’s so hard to make anything, that it is one of those things that, like, I swear I’ve been working for three years.

John: Yes, same here. We’ll get into some of that. Also, in our bonus segment for premium members, let’s discuss how we talk to our kids, other people’s kids, about what it is that we actually do for a living. There’s so many jobs which is like, “I’m a police officer, I’m a firefighter, I’m a baker,” where it’s just really clear versus what we do is, like, “I write things, but not things you can read, not books.” We’ll just talk about age-appropriate ways to talk to kids about what it is that we do for a living, be it features, or TV, or some murky middle that we can’t quite even articulate to ourselves.

Liz: Love it.

John: Love it. We have some news. The Scriptnotes book, which I don’t know if you’ve seen the Scriptnotes book. This is the galley-

Liz: So exciting. Love it.

John: -of the Scriptnotes book. We got our first review. This is in Booklist, which is a trade publication, which is one of the first people to put out reviews of things because it helps signal to booksellers, “Oh, this is a book you want to check out. We got a great review.” We’ll be able to link to the real one in October, but we got the advance of it. The last sentence in the review is, “Bound to be a staple, this guy, just like the podcast, is accessible, engaging, and informative,” which is nice. Also, they tagged us for young adult, which means that we could also be on the list for younger people to read it. We were pretty careful with the language in it so that it actually feels good for anyone 13 and up to be able to read this book.

Liz: Love it. I’m so excited to read it.

John: Yes, excited to send it to you. Reminder that the book is available for pre-order everywhere you buy books. You can just go to scriptnotesbook.com and see where it is in your market, UK, Australia, US. If you’re in another country overseas, wherever you buy English books, they’ll probably have it. Just check there. If you do pre-order it, send your receipt to Drew at ask@johnaugust.com, and we’ll be emailing you something very cool very soon. Send that through.
Drew has a very long list of people who’ve sent through those pre-orders, so it’s exciting. Liz Hannah, do you do Connections on New York Times?

Liz: I do. I do Connections.

John: We were talking about it two weeks ago, and we were commenting on how much we loved it and how great Wyna Liu is. I mispronounced her name as Wyna Liu, and I know that because she actually wrote us in. She wrote back to us and said that she’d listened to the episode in which we mentioned her. Drew, what did she say?

Drew Marquardt: Hi, John and Craig. Thanks so much for the shout-out in your Connections episode. It was so kind of you, and I’m thrilled you liked the game. It was my first time hearing your show, and I really enjoyed it. Glad to have something new in the rotation. Hope you’re doing well.

John: We’re doing very well to know that Wyna Liu is listening to Scriptnotes. Hi, Wyna, and thank you. Sorry I mispronounced your name. We’ll pronounce it right from now on because we’re probably going to mention it a lot because we love Connections so much.

Liz: It’s the best.

John: It’s the best. Liz Hannah, have you ever worked on Bob: The Musical?

Liz: I have not.

John: Did you know about Bob: The Musical?

Liz: I didn’t until this morning.

John: Bob: The Musical is a very long development project at Disney. I’ve worked on it. Craig, I think, didn’t work on it, but knew of it. Everyone in town has worked on it. It must have millions of dollars worth of scripts against it. There’s finally a director announced for it. Randy Mancuso is set to helm Disney’s long-awaited Bob: The Musical. I’ll put a link in the show notes to the Deadline article. Just a thing to track. It would be just a nice thing to tick off that, “Oh, this thing actually happened.” It’s sort of, “How would this be a movie that’s actually been in development for forever?”

Liz: Is it good, is always a question.

John: I hope it’s fantastic.

Liz: I hope so.

John: You know the premise of it, right?

Liz: I do. I read the premise. I was like, “This is great.”

John: That’s a great idea for a movie. That’s why it’s been in development for forever.

Liz: Totally.

John: Also, you’ve got to hit it just right and moves change. Within the concept of a man who hates musical wakes up in a musical, there’s a lot of ways to go with that. I’m sure the drafts have gone through all these things. I have no recollection of all of what I wrote on that script. [laughter] Liz Hannah, have you seen Showgirls?

Liz: I have.

John: What is your impression of Showgirls? When did you see it? How did it land for you?

Liz: I saw it probably when I was younger at a sleepover or something like that, and then actually saw it in college. Then watched it again as an adult probably not that long ago, like 10 years ago or something like that. My impression is that it only got better with every rewatch as I aged into it. The appreciation I have of it and what it did at the time and what it was trying to do only grows. I’m happy for it– I saw it played at Vidiots recently or is going to play at Vidiots, and I’m happy for its renaissance.

John: I saw it screening over at the Academy as part of their summer camp series. It is an incredibly enjoyable movie until it gets to a horrifying rate that completely ruins your ability to laugh at and with the movie, completely falls apart. We were talking a few episodes ago about Joe Eszterhas and his career as a screenwriter and just all the things he wrote. Craig was saying, “Oh, we should have him on.” Several people wrote in to say that Joe Eszterhas actually has three to four autobiographies. Can you imagine writing one autobiography, much less three or four autobiographies, Liz Hannah?

Liz: He has three or four autobiographies that he wrote about himself.

John: About himself.

Liz: He didn’t ghostwrite other people’s autobiographies.

John: No, they’re his.

Liz: I would only be so lucky to live a life where I could write three to four biographies. I feel like, “Could you write one?”

John: Here’s how he did it. The first one is Hollywood Animal. That’s 2004, which my Amazon purchases shows that I must have bought at some point. I don’t recall. I don’t have that book.

Liz: Obsessed with that.

John: Obsessed. I don’t think I read it. 754 pages. That’s a long autobiography there.

Liz: That is almost as long as the tome about Che Guevara.

John: Exactly.

Liz: That is like 900 pages.

John: A similar career.

Liz: Same, by the way. Similar people.

John: Similar people, just the same. Devil’s Guide to Hollywood was in 2006. Crossbearer: A Memoir of Faith about his return to Catholicism was 2008. Then he has– the fourth book is Heaven and Mel, which was a Kindle single actually, but it counts. 2012, which is about his experience working with Mel Gibson on the Maccabees movie, which never shot.

Liz: First of all, Heaven and Mel, iconic.

John: Great.

Liz: How have we not gotten there yet? Really elite title. I feel like it would be funny if he wrote about a biography with each generational iteration of somebody watching Showgirls and how it’s interpreted. It’s like with each generation, the first generation hates it, the second generation loves it and thinks it’s regarded incorrectly, and now the third generation is like, “There’s some really tough stuff in it, but there’s some really good stuff in it.” That would be fun. The first one, it being that long, feels like he can maybe cover it all. Also, how old was he when he wrote his first one?

John: I don’t know. 2004. We can do the math to figure out how old he was. He was not a young person as he was writing Basic Instinct or Showgirls or any of these things. I feel like you only get to write the screenwriter autobiography when you’re like, “Okay, I’m done with my career,” because you’re inevitably going to just burn a lot of bridges and talk about the things. The movies I’ve worked on that I could talk about that would actually be good stories would also make me unpopular with the people who I needed to write about.

Liz: Unhireable.

John: Unhireable, that’s really what we’ll say.

Liz: I think any autobiography or memoir, you have to be very conscious that people will, even if you’re telling, from your perspective, stories that are complementary, they might not be interpreted that way. You have to be conscious that anything that you’re divulging is something that somebody else doesn’t want out there. To write three of those, including one about Mel Gibson, who has such a great reputation, it’s fascinating.

John: It is. Choices that we could make, but have not chosen to make.

Liz: Hey, who knows?

John: Absolutely. The year’s young. [chuckles]

Liz: The year’s young, the world’s on fire. Let’s see what happens in 2026.

John: People ask, “Liz Hannah, do you write mostly features or TV?” It’s like, “I write autobiographies.”

Liz: Yes, that’s right. Memoirs [crosstalk].

John: Memoirs. It’s a memoirist.

Liz: Thank you.

John: In episode 702, we talked about Last Looks, and we had a couple people write in about Last Looks. Before we start with these emails, Liz, what is your process for Last Looks? What are the things you’d like to do before you hand in a script?

Liz: I’ve totally stolen this from Sorkin, which is I do a– I think we–

John: We talked about this. We were talking about transition pass.

Liz: You and I recently talked about this at the Sundance Lab, which is I do a full transcription pass. I basically have a blank page in final draft. I have my final “draft” of my script on the right, and I just type it up. I try not to think about it as I’m typing it up, and try to just let it flow. Inevitably, there will always be things where I’m like, “This action line is taking too long,” or, “This dialogue is bad,” or you’ll organically come to it, but it really is a final pass.

John: You’re really doing that on most of your projects where you are side-by-side.

Liz: Yes.

John: Wow. How long does that take you to type up a full script?

Liz: It’s like two hours. It’s the time of a movie. It doesn’t take very long.

John: Very good typist.

Liz: Thank you to Bedford Middle School for teaching me that. It doesn’t take very long because also at that point, I do feel quite burned out by my own script, so it’s the only way for me to, I think– For me, it’s the way to read things that I tend to gloss over when I’m going through those final passes. Sometimes it’s fine to do that because you’re like, “It’s done. It’s set. I need other people to read this at this point.” Sorkin says he does it for every feature. I stole it with The Post, and I’ve done it ever since.

John: We had two people write in with suggestions. Drew, help us with that.

Drew: Tom in Cheltenham writes, “My very final last look is now always on Weekend Read. Once I have endlessly polished and tweaked a draft and read through on my computer, I export to Weekend Read. I then read through it on my phone, not my iPad, and the amount of stuff I catch is unbelievable. Maybe it’s just the way my brain works, but there’s something about seeing the text laid out differently with different line breaks that allows me to actually read it fresh.

This isn’t about typos or orphans or widows or page breaks. I’ve caught all those by now. This is about pure readability. It’s about catching sentences that don’t quite flow or could be improved or extraneous words that simply don’t need to be there. I get so used to seeing the exact same text and the same pages laid out the same way that at some point I stop actually reading it. Weekend Read is as close to reading your own script for the first time as you can get.”

John: It’s a good point. When you see things in a different format, it’s the same reason why back in the day when we used to print scripts and you’d pull a page at a time, you’d catch things just as in print on the first time and you’d see things that are different. That tracks to make sense. It’s not the intention of Weekend Read, but it certainly is a good use of it.

Liz: I also think that everyone should alleviate themselves from the stress of having a typo-free draft. It will literally never happen. Just to make everybody feel better, there’s a typo on the first page in the third sentence of The Post in the draft that went everywhere, and it’s still there. I will never recover.

John: Absolutely.

Liz: It just is what it is.

John: It broke the film. Absolutely.

Liz: It broke it. Everything.

John: It ruined everything. It all collapsed.

Liz: It is funny because it’s Chiron is misspelled, and so it’s also in bold and underlined very explicitly. There you go.

John: Fancy. One more suggestion here from John.

Drew: He says, “To have Weekend Read or WriterDuet read the script for you. It’s the one step I never skip. I don’t want to do it because I’ve spent so much time going over the script again and again, but it finds something every time. Repeated words, misspelling, something wonky from a copy and paste. The voices are pretty robotic, but performance doesn’t really matter, and it’s better than reading it out loud myself as my brain will skip things that I’ve read 100 times.

John: When you hear it read aloud, you definitely notice it. That’s why table readings are so mortifying for us because, “Oh God, there’s a word left out of that dialogue block, and I never knew it until this actor was sitting around the table.” Very publicly, everyone says, “Oh, yes, the writer screwed up here.” Drew, you do the most work in Weekend Read because each week you are curating the list of Weekend Read scripts that we’re putting in there. What is this week’s collection of scripts?

Drew: As we’re recording it, this week’s collection of scripts is Witches because I think we’re going off of the last Scriptnotes. As this comes out, the feature Friday to come is creator-driven comedies, so it’s all writer stars.

Liz: Ooh.

John: What are some of the things in that collection?

Drew: We’ve got Crazy Ex-Girlfriend, 30 Rock, Abbott Elementary, Atlanta, Feel Good, Fleabag, Girls, Insecure, Master of None, Pen15, Rami, Workaholics. There’s just a few.

John: That’s great. That’s actually a good grouping of things that I wouldn’t have actually thought of that being a creator-driven comedy, but where the person who created the show is the star of the show, and it’s all centered on them. That’s great.

Liz: Love that.

John: Reminder, Weekend Read is in the App Store. It’s free to download, so check that out. Each week, Drew will have new scripts for you to read. In Episode 702, we talked about Accountability Groups, and we had two people write in with their experiences with accountability groups.

Drew: Bill says, “I’ve found accountability groups to be a silver bullet. Every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, I had to email five pages by 5:00 PM. No one had to read them. I just needed to send the pages. One strike for every day that five or more pages weren’t handed in on time. Three strikes, and you’re kicked out of the group. I had a first draft in what was, for me, record time. It costs nothing to be on the receiving end of an email that doesn’t require a response, but being there for each other in that capacity meant everything. It manufactured the kind of structure and deadlines that writing, especially on spec, especially a first draft, often requires.”

John: Wow. That’s great. In that sense of you’re out of the group, there’s not a financial penalty, but there’s a social pressure to stay in there. What did Ethan have to say here?

Drew: “For my last script, I set hard deadlines and a goal of writing three hours a day. Only words on the page counted to my time. I used a stopwatch and writing log to track the hours and minutes. For every three hours, I paid myself with a Magic the Gathering booster pack. I successfully finished a polished script in 12 weeks. Pay yourself for your work, and you associate the work with payment.”

John: All right. These are examples of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Basically, it’s ways to get yourself to do things. Paying yourself with Magic the Gathering cards, it rewards that little pleasure center in your brain until you start to feel like, “Oh, actually, maybe the writing is actually the pleasure center.” It becomes less about the Magic the Gathering cards to do it. I don’t know. I think these are good things to try if you’re looking for ways to actually get stuff done and get out of your way in terms of the habits that are stopping you from doing stuff. Liz, have you tried either of these methods or anything like this?

Liz: I haven’t personally. I will say, and I really don’t mean this in a dismissive way, but it made me laugh because I was like, I’m currently, over the course of the last 10 months, been potty training my child, and we are doing a potty training chart. He gets a sticker, and then at the very end, he gets a car. Let me tell you, every book tells you not to do it. Every podcast, everybody, every mom is like, “Oh, they’ll just do it.” It’s the only way. It’s the only way. I will buy him an actual car when he’s 16 if he’s still doing this. I don’t care. This is the way.

It is interesting psychologically how it works, and it does make me think about, and has in the past, even prior to this email, made me consider a reward base for myself of completing pages. I think I would be too tricky for myself and still buy myself Sugarfish at the end of the day, even if I didn’t do the pages. I think it’s whatever works for anyone is what you should do. It’s hard to self-motivate to write, particularly when you’re writing a spec. However you can motivate yourself to do that, be it a sweet treat or be it FOMO of not being in a club, if you don’t tend your pages in a time, then great, do it.

John: We have a screenwriter coming on in a couple weeks, and she was talking about getting her first script written. She went through a 12-week bootcamp-y situation. Yes, you’re learning something in that, but it’s mostly the accountability. It’s mostly like, “I am blocking out this amount of time, and this is the [unintelligible 00:19:53] and my identity for these next 12 weeks is the person who’s writing this script,” and that’s really meaningful.

I would say over the course of a 20-year career, I’ve been more productive, less productive, but you’re deep enough into it, you know you can get stuff written. Eventually, you’ll get out of your own way, you’ll get stuff done. If there’s weeks where I’m like, “Oh, I cranked through a bunch of stuff in weeks I didn’t–” You give yourself a little bit more grace because you just know what you can do and you know when you need to change things up and when it’s just normal.

Liz: I think the reward of having a first draft is the best reward possible for me. Being able to say that there is a completed draft of a screenplay that I can then rewrite and make better and it will never be as bad as it is in this moment is truly the greatest relief there is.

John: Honestly, for me, one of the greatest feelings is sending in a script, just getting it off of mind and just knowing, “Oh, I should have this freedom, I just have this lightness,” of like, “Oh, I don’t have this thing hovering over me.” As we’re recording this, everything is turned in at the moment. There’s some stuff I got for Drew, but everything else is done and it is nice to just like, “Oh, I could do anything.” I saw a movie at 10:00 in the morning. It was–

Liz: Oh, love attending a movie.

John: Yes, so good.

Liz: It’s the best.

John: Next up, let’s talk and follow up Three Page Challenges. Episode 702 was a Three Page Challenge, and we had two folks write in with their feedback on the Three Page Challenge.

Drew: Jason writes, “In the most recent Three Page Challenge, you questioned a writer’s choice to have a male character call his female friend a bitch during a scene. The consensus was that it was too aggressive. While I do agree with you, I did wonder something. Did we all assume that the male character was straight? I’m sure you’d agree that the levity of the exchange is different if it’s a cis gay man versus a cis straight man. What’s the most elegant way to deal with this default cis straight issue?”

John: I think Jason’s asking a fair question. As we were recording this, Craig pulled out the bitch and I did stick a little bit on, we don’t know enough about this character to know whether it’s actually okay for him to be saying it. The fact that he was saying it tipped me towards the idea that he could be gay or that it might be reasonable in his vocabulary to say this thing. In terms of overall, I just feel like–

Imagine a scene where we are introduced to a male character and we’re not told anything about him. If it’s not actually relevant in the scene, it feels really forced to try to put it in there because in that initial description for the character, something about the way he’s presenting, so what we’re seeing, what his behavior is like, that is useful. If it’s not relevant to the scene, it feels forced to try to jam it in there. Liz, what’s your instinct on identifying someone’s not just gender but sexuality when they’re first introduced?

Liz: I think to me, it goes to the authenticity of the read and the authenticity of the character and making sure that the character and your intentions are being interpreted in the way that you want them to be. If that character has any quality about them that would change the interpretation of their words, then I think it’s important to call that out. I would want to make sure the importance of that attribute, whatever it is not just for one scene and for intentionally creating an authentic character that lives in the world and is presenting in the world as a certain way.

Be that a cis straight white guy, then if it’s important to this character for that to be there and for him to be interpreted in the way, then that’s an important thing for me to read into it. If it’s not, then I don’t need to know that. I don’t think making choices about characters for one scene, for them to be a certain way is right.

John: Yes, I agree with you. I now want to go back and look through my scripts where I do have gay characters and see, “Did I call that out right away?” Obviously, in Go, that information is pushed back and hidden, so I’m sure I didn’t do it in that. In other things, I wonder if I did call it out from the start or whether the genre we’re in, we’re just going to assume that this character’s gay.

Liz: There’s a script that I wrote where it’s very important that there’s a character that’s not white because of the circumstances of the entirety of the script. I called it out in his character description because I didn’t want there to be any misinterpretation about the read. I think that is, whereas other characters in the script, it was not important to call out who they are. I don’t think you need to, because you define one character, define every character necessarily. You can, obviously, but I think it’s important. If it’s important to the character and to the read, to define them.

John: As we were talking here, I pulled up my script for The Nines. “Gavin Taylor, 30, walks into a meeting with his laptop bag over his shoulder. He’s a tidy, banana republic sensibility and an easy smile that belies his manic schedule.” I’m not calling him out as gay from the start, although it just feels like you’re going to see behavior pretty quickly that lets you know that he’s gay. We also had, specifically about episode 702, someone wrote in about loose part. There’s a location described as loose park, and we’re like, “What is that?” It bumped for us.

Drew: Tara wrote in that loose park is actually a famous park in Kansas City, Missouri.

John: Saying that, it bumped for us because we were like, “I don’t know what this is,” and yet it is appropriate to the thing. It’s one of those weird things where it bumps on the page. It’s not going to bump for anyone watching the movie. For somebody who knows Kansas City, it makes sense for that. To me, it’s being aware of what information your reader probably has and is going to assume. Liz, you’ve run into this, I’m sure.

Liz: Yes. When I wrote The Post, for instance, it takes place entirely in DC. There were major monuments and things like that where scenes had to take place. I just anticipated that we would Google if we didn’t know what they were. In other scripts I’ve written, it’s not important where it takes place. In a lot of scripts, I feel like I don’t necessarily have a defined base or area. It’s more general because you just don’t ever know. It reminds me of the previous question. I think unless it’s really important to the scene work or to the script, then I wouldn’t necessarily be that specific.

John: The other case for specificity is that if it was MacArthur Park, if it was Genesee Park, or whatever thing, I think because the word loose just feels like a normal English word, then we’re simply like, “Wait, it’s a loose park? What is a loose park? Is it like I’m not [unintelligible 00:26:28]?”

Liz: Was it capitalized?

John: It was all uppercase because it was the scene description. It was the scene header.

Liz: Oh, got it.

John: Because of that, we’re like, “Wait, what is a loose park as opposed to a tight park?”

Liz: Totally.

John: Totally.

Liz: Obviously, didn’t you know?

John: No. Show all revision sets. We also talked about this in Episode 702. Liz, as you’re going through revisions, do you tend to just switch to the next revision, color, and keep it in the same file? Are you making a new file? What is your preferred way?

Liz: The idea of show all revision sets just made me break into a sweat. That is terrifying. I keep it all in the same file. I live in blue. We’re talking about features that I’m just at this point revising myself. We’re not talking about production or anything. I just keep it in blue, and I clear, and I save a file that says which day it was and that has the revisions. I use Scriptation to do my notes for every draft for myself. I also have the PDF of my handwritten notes for each draft of the revision saved with those files.

That’s often more what I reference than if I go back and look at the revision set because the revision set is only a half thought because you can’t really see like, what did I strike out? What did I cut? I don’t really remember.

John: The stars and the margins, they are useful for showing what literally changed, but they don’t show intention at all. You don’t know why they have been changed. Sometimes it’s like you deleted an extra space, but was there a word there? Why was that there?

Liz: It’s funny because I have opposing arguments where it’s like when I’m turning in a starred draft, I actually don’t want them to have as much information of why I’ve made these decisions because I want them to know that I heard the note and I made an executive choice of how to do that. Hopefully, they agree. I think if we go into it becomes more by committee of making a decision of how we do this.

Whereas for myself, I want to be able to go back into my brain and be like, “Now why did I make this decision that this has to go here?” I recently rebroke a pilot into a feature, and going into my notes to myself in my earlier drafts was really helpful in being like, “I think I cut some scenes. What scenes did I cut?” Finding out how characters moved around and stuff was helpful.

John: We had a listener write in talking about how they use show all revision sets. That was actually helpful for them.

Liz: Good for them.

Drew: Happy in LA writes, “Because my wife and I tag team a draft, we often write on top of each other’s work. Revisions stack up quickly, so we found it clearest to change the color each time one of us takes a pass. Sure, the result can be a rainbow of colors, but it makes the progression easy to track. Once a sequence feels solid, we’ll flatten it with a clear revised for just those sections. Anywho, that’s just how we’ve fallen into writing together, and it really works for us.”

John: That absolutely makes sense. If that’s a thing that you as a team works for you, that’s awesome. That’s great. It’s always going to be challenging to figure out what is the right workflow for people, and you just have to experiment to see what it is that works.

Liz: I think it’s also really specific when you’re talking about working with a writing partner versus writing with yourself solo. Writing for yourself solo, who knows what’s going on inside my brain and nobody else does need to know. When you’re working with another partner, you actually do have to show proof of product and proof of thought in a lot of things. I’m working with somebody on something right now, and we do the same shared revision set, but we strike through things rather than just cut them so that we can show, this is my pitch for what we should lose, or this is my thought of where this could move to, and things like that, so that there’s a little bit more of a blueprint to how to get to those stars.

John: For the work you’re doing with somebody else here, are you just passing a file back and forth? How are you collaborating?

Liz: We take turns. On first drafts, we break out acts. It’s a series, so we’ll break out acts and separate them and then we’ll swap. In revisions, we’ll do it just different. She’ll take a pass and I’ll take a pass or vice versa.

John: I feel like there’s a missing, not missing solution, but the problem set that we’re trying to solve isn’t really addressed by the two cursors on the same screen at the same time problem, which is the classic shared script, nor is it really well resolved by passing a file back and forth because then you’re just duplicating files and stuff like that. There’s a middle ground. The late night shows, many of them are using Scripto, which is very much set up for this kind of thing and has a more robust checking in and putting stuff together, which is probably overkill for two little teams, but I think it is a good problem space to be tackling.

Liz: There’s definitely– I’ve written a lot with partners in my career, and there definitely feels like at least once in every single one, one of us is like, “Who has the draft? What draft are we on? Am I doing the pass first?” Just having an ability to streamline that conversation and not rely on my having dated it perfectly. Also, sometimes you’re doing multiple drafts in one day and keeping track of those. Yes, John, I think you should do this. That sounds great.

John: Absolutely. We’ll work on it.

Liz: Thanks, John.

John: Last bit of follow-up. In Episode 701, I talked about how Do, Re, Mi– in the US we have it as a movable system. In other parts of the world, it’s a fixed system. Craig then made an absolute slander saying there are no good French composers. In the moment, I said Debussy, but I said, “There must also be a lot more.” Our listeners wrote in to contribute, Charles Gounod, Berlioz, Poulenc, Duparc, Jacques Offenbach, and the list goes on. There are many good French composers and Craig was being stupid.

Liz: Of course, Craig’s not here to receive that. We will make sure he hears about it.

John: Let’s get on to our marquee topic, which actually does come from a listener question, but I think we can build it out to a bigger thing. Can you read Richard’s question for us, Drew?

Drew: “I just had my first movie made, which was so cool, but we did come into problems when the crew began building the set, notably, the house where 70% of this film takes place. I had to admit, with much embarrassment, that the layout in the script just didn’t make sense. We lost a bit of time restructuring the scripts so that the geography was coherent, i.e., whose bedrooms were where, how the kitchen links to the living room, where the stairs led, et cetera. How early do you guys think about the physicality of an interior space? Do you try and create floor plans and maps? How would you advise writers to avoid getting into these sorts of issues?”

John: This is a great question. I think actually a great topic. The project I just handed in, there are scenes that take place in a house where we need to– it’s not quite continuous shot through the house, but we need to be able to feel like, from the front door up into her bedroom, you could do that as a continuous shot. I had to really think through like, “What would this house be like and how would this fit?”

To be honest, there were rooms that I did not need. I didn’t need to know where the mother’s bedroom was. I couldn’t tell you where in the house that was. I feel like I’m always trying to be able to move the camera around and find where people are at in a space, interior and exterior as well. If there’s characters who are walking along a path in the forest and having two separate conversations, I need to be able to think about, “How far apart would they be? What would it actually feel like to be in this space with them?” Liz, as you’re working through projects, and especially if you’re collaborating with somebody on a project– another writer on a project, how often are you having conversations about the places themselves and the layouts of things?

Liz: I think it’s a really good question. I think my first instinct always is to be the most economical while being articulate as possible on the page, because I think– which I would just preface before going into anything else. I think if I’m the reader and I’m either thinking too much or too little about it, that’s a problem. I do think going to this question, I will say that– to answer, I think about it a lot in terms of how much I need the audience to know and where I am. There’s a specific project that I’m working on right now where geography is very important. The entire project takes place on a compound of two places that has two home bases. We’ve had many conversations.

We drew out what it looks like. There’s a map of it so that we can be on the same page when we’re describing this. I failed miserably in my first attempt at describing the proximity between these two places. Then we had conversations of how do we have a blanket answer for ourselves that’s a one sentence that we can quickly go to in multiple scripts that tells us the answer to the proximity of the two places. The other thing I would say, and this goes also to, I think is not specific to every writer. I definitely don’t think it’s a blanket statement, but I am generally not precious about most things if they’re not vital to the plot or the characters.

If it’s a preference that I have made, then I’ll probably say that. If we, within conversations with the– If it’s a series and I’m having these conversations with the production designer early on, and they pitch me something and I’m like, “That’s so much better than what it was in my head,” I would rather go into the script and make these adjustments or on the day make these adjustments with the director with blocking than to hold tight to whatever my vision was in my head.

I have a more specific thing of if drama is happening within a scene, let’s say within the house. I’ve written a few different projects where– I wrote one last year where there was a main house where things took place that needed to basically have a two-level central area because a death happened and somebody was pushed off of the top area. I spent a good amount of the first page of the introduction of that house describing the architecture of it and the geography of it, so I never had to go back to it again.

That took me a really long time, legitimately time-wise, to both articulate to myself and then find ways to make it so that it was engaging for an audience to read. Not just like, “And then here’s this room, and here’s this room,” but something that feels emotionally engaging and is telling me something about the characters, like why they live in this house, why it is important not just for the story but for the emotional arc of these characters, before I came here, of like, “This is the reason they bought this house, this is the reason that kid lives in that room, that’s the reason that this kitchen is here,” et cetera, et cetera.

John: There’s a project I wrote where it’s not quite an haunted house movie, but the house is incredibly important. You needed to know a sense of like, from the entrance, there are stairs that lead up, and this is where the dining room is because things will tie together in ways that are important. I needed to, when the characters are introduced to this house, have scenes that are leading them up and through places just so the audience would actually have a sense of how things were connected and what the geography was, and if a person needed to sneak out, how that would work, and how it all fit together.

There’s times where you need to be incredibly specific and explicit about where things are, and there’s times where you can just shorthand it because– especially if they’re in a place and they don’t need to go into or out of that place, it ends up mattering a lot less. You may need to describe what we can see through the windows and sort of how things fit together, but it’s not crucial.

Now, a thing which will still happen even if you’re in one space is the choreography within that space, we need to believe that you, at least the writer understands and the writer sees it and have some faith that like, “Oh, this actually would work and work well together.” The experience that you were describing in terms of like, “Oh, it doesn’t have to exactly match what I see in my head as long as it works.”

In Big Fish, there’s a moment where Will calls home after his father died. It doesn’t work for me watching it because in my head, I put the phone on the other side of the bed. Literally, I’ve seen the scene in my head one way for five years to that point. Then when I saw the cut, I’m like, “That’s wrong.” I was like, “It’s on the wrong side of the bed.” It’s like, “Of course, it doesn’t matter at all.” You can tell when some writers aren’t really putting themselves in the scene. It’s just characters talking, but they’re not physically present in the space with the characters.

Liz: When I was writing Lee, I had gone to Farley Farm, which is where she had lived and where one of the timelines takes place in the film. I remember driving there and being like, “Please let there be a patio outside.” I hadn’t written the script yet, but I had an idea for how I wanted it to end and how I wanted it to take place and to be staged and things like that. I was just like, “Let’s bank on some double doors.” That I was like, “We can get in.” Thankfully, there were. I also feel like early in my career, I blocked too much in my writing, which I think is really typical when you’re starting because you are–

John: talk us through what you mean by blocked. Theater stage blocking.

Liz: Yes, I would theater stage block the characters and where they would be throughout, which, in some ways, is important. For instance, in Lee, she’s drinking a lot and she’s making– Her act of making a cocktail is a breakup of some of the scene work that’s happening. Actions like that were really important for me to write in and to find other moments like that are happening like that. I’m not talking about that.

I’m talking about literally motivated movement that is going to be an actor and a director’s choice on the day, and is frankly just too distracting to read when you’re reading a script. You’re reading something, you’re not watching something. When you’re watching something, they move, and you’re reading something, you should imagine how they move. That should be part of the audience’s interpretation of it. The act of removing that from my vocabulary partially also removed a lot of my tether to having a geography and relying on that.

John: All right. Let’s get on to some listener questions. Drew, help us out.

Drew: Benjamin writes, have any of the entries to the three-page challenge been produced as full movies? I’d love to watch one, listen to the segment of the show where John and Craig talk about it, and then watch the movie again.

John: To my knowledge, none of them have been. Drew, have you been able to find any evidence of ones that have?

Drew: Not that I know of, but I’m really curious about this. I’d love if people could write in.

John: If you were in a three-page challenge and the thing since that point has, Shawn, please let us know. I can half remember, I feel like there’s one three-page challenge where it was a scene of two people in a car, and there was a pack of cigarettes, and I feel like they ended up going through and shooting it as a short film. I think something like that has happened, but to my knowledge, none of these have been features or pilots of shows. That may be appropriate because a lot of times, what people are sending in through the previous challenges are like, “This is just a test of my writing. This is an example.”

We’re not picking for the things like, “Oh my God, but that is 100% going to be a movie that’s going to happen.” We’re picking examples that show interesting things for our listeners to focus in on. It could be things that are being done really well, but more often like, “These are things that are bumping for us, and here’s how we would address those.” I’ll be curious to see if anything has been made, but again, this isn’t the Blacklist. You would expect that many of those Blacklist scripts will shoot at some point; three-page challenge is not the Blacklist. What do we have next?

Drew: Clara writes, “Revising is so hard and intimidating. I found it so challenging that in my early career, I basically tried to avoid having to revise it all. Instead, I’d attempt to get it right with my first drafts. So many of us feel stumped or totally overwhelmed by the sheer volume of threads that we have to track unweave, and reweave in order to properly fix a script. Have you ever felt this way about revising, intimidated, not sure where to start, lost without a map? How have you overcome this both from a craft and from a mindset perspective?”

John: I’m sympathetic, but also I think revising is easier than the first draft sometimes because you have something to work off of. It’s like you’ve made some choices and you have to unmake some choices, but you also know who the characters are, you know what the places are. You, hopefully, have a sense of what’s not working and what you want to fix. My first bit of advice to Clara would really just be to, on a separate document, make a list of like, “These are the things I want to do. These are the things I want to change. These are my goals with this next set of revisions.”

Then once you have that list, then you can really look at the draft. It’s like, “Okay, what needs to change in order to make these things happen?” I’ve said this on the podcast a bunch, but my instinct is if you’re making some serious changes, it may make more sense to write the stuff that is new that’s going to change and then only bring into a new document the stuff that you can take from the original script rather than just try to open the old script and futz around with it because you probably won’t do as much as you should be doing. You should be doing a little bit more of what Liz Hannah does, it’s just retype the whole damn thing.

Liz: I have felt this way in a page 1 situation where, first of all, I’d send out a lot of admiration for somebody who can feel like they can get it on the first draft, because just even the pressure of that would make me never finish anything. The only way that I can ever finish a first draft is knowing that I’m going to be able to go back and make it better. The stress of that, if that’s something that drives you, great, but also maybe let’s find new tools so you don’t have that stress because that feels really difficult.

My thing is, I definitely have been in those situations where I’ve been so happy to have a first draft done only to realize that actually the story should be from a different character’s perspective, or that the tone isn’t right, or that it just didn’t work, and I have to go back to the beginning. It’s really overwhelming when that happens. I do something very similar to what John is suggesting, which is I make a list of the things that do work. I make a list of the things that I really like. It’s like positive talking, it’s like self-talk of like, “What do I like about myself?”

I recommend the episode where you guys were like, “Executives, this is how you should give notes.” That, I think, is how you should also give yourself notes, is to be kind to yourself first. Then rip it apart and make some very significant choices. On those page 1s that feel really overwhelming, I just do the big stuff. If it’s like I’m changing a point of view character or I’m adding in a massive storyline, which is something I just did to a script, then that’s the only thing I focus on on that draft. I do not try and do everything at once.

Even if I know there’s eight more things to come and eight more drafts, to try and do them all at once is just impossible for me. I just tackle one at a time and then that’s this character draft, and then I do the next one and the next one. Sometimes when you do those big things, you lose the other notes.

Sometimes the tone will change if you make it from a different character’s point of view, or the plot feels more propulsive, or feels more engaging, or anything. I would just say take it one draft at a time. Take it one step at a time. Take it one note at a time.

John: That makes a lot of sense. There’s a project which we’re maybe dusting off that’s like 10 years old, and there’s something I wrote. It was great to go back through the script and let you read it. It’s like, “Oh, I actually still really like this. This is mostly working really, really well,” but what’s challenging to think about it is that the scenes are very tight and the scenes fit together in a very tight way. It’s intimidating to try to make many changes to it because I do know the domino effect of making one change is going to ripple through a lot.

It’s multiple characters’ point of views and they are like, “Each transition is really important to get from one place to the next.” I just know it’s going to be an intimidating amount of work. Doing what we’re talking about here, which is really making a list of like, “These are the things I’m trying to do. These are the big changes I’m trying to make,” and picking one and letting that be this next bit of work and the next draft and then the next thing and the next thing. You’re right that sometimes these things, which were lower on the list, just get scratched off because those scenes aren’t there anymore.
The problems that you were trying to solve, they’re just not there anymore because everything has been shifted around in the script.

Liz: I think the other thing is that, sometimes you have a script and you’re like, “It just doesn’t work and I don’t know why.” I know the plot doesn’t work, or I like it, but I don’t love it. I don’t know if I’ve talked about this on this podcast before, but on Plainville, we did something called Crazy Idea Hour on every Friday. At the end of the day, we would do about an hour, and anybody could pitch on anything. You could pitch on a character, you could pitch on a story, you could pitch him needle drop, you could really pitch anything.

It was a way for us to step out of the very typical, “Oh, we’re breaking this episode and we only have eight or we only have however many and we have to tell the story, and just remind you to be creative and to use your imagination and to find fun ways, at least for me, to tackle problems that you don’t sometimes think of. Sometimes you’re looking at something from North and you need to be looking at it from East. On this other script recently, I had this like, “I really like it, but it’s not working, and I don’t know why.”

I just did one of those, I spent two days and just watched a bunch of movies and I listened to a bunch of music and then I was driving in my car, and I had a totally batshit crazy idea. I was like, “What if I did this?” The initial thought I had was, “This will be a lot of work and I don’t know if I’m going to be able to do that because it’s so much work,” but then I put the script back on cards, I looked at it and I was like, “I think I can do this this way pretty economically.” It ended up really helping me-

John: That’s great.

Liz: -with the script. I think sometimes we can have blinders on of this is the way to fix it. I just suggest rooting yourself in a different place to think about it.

John: Remind me, you called it your Friday session or your Friday one-hour session?

Liz: Crazy Idea Hour.

John: Crazy Idea Hour. It’s very smart. I’ve not heard other people talking about it, but listening to showrunners talk about putting their seasons together, they tend to start with a week of blue sky and stuff like that. It sounds like it’s a way to bring the blue sky back in on a regular basis so that it’s not so focused on like, “Oh, crap. How do we move between these two scenes?” It’s more like, “What if we threw a grenade in there?”

Liz: Right. Blue sky, I think, at least for me, is both the most fun and the most stressful because I’m like, “Well, but eventually I’m going to have to actually make this television show.” Like, “It’s so fun to talk about all these things, but like, “No, I don’t know how a Glee musical sequence will make its way into the television show.” When you have a refresh of Crazy Idea Hour, it’s also fun because I think at least when you’re doing it yourself for your own feature, you can have–
I have post-it notes on my computer of things that I want to remember about a script or a feeling I have, or I haven’t been able to put this in the movie, but I want to think about a way to do it and that’s my touchstone for a Crazy Idea Hour for myself. In a writer’s room, I think also is very freeing to your staff to be able to be like, “I know you love this idea and you haven’t been able to figure out how to put it in the television show, now here’s an opportunity for us to workshop it with no rules or consequences for 15 minutes a week and see if we can get there.”

In Plainville, one of our writers was pitching this fantastic writer named Ashley Michel Hoban, who has gone on to run her own show. She pitched a scene in an indiscriminate episode, but a scene where we were trying to figure out how to have the tension of their text messages between Michelle and Coco really reach its echelon. She pitched something very similar to the Tango in Moulin Rouge, and so that it was like a musical sequence that– I will say that musical sequences were a part of the vocabulary of the show, so it wasn’t totally batshit crazy that she pitched us.

She pitched it the first week, and it didn’t work. There’s typically a rule in a writer’s room that if you pitch something once, you don’t pitch it again, and it’s shut down. I would say that’s correct. I always have that, I would say, restriction in a room, but in Crazy Idea Hour, if you pitch it differently and you’ve developed it, then it can come back, and so she brought it back every week for 20 weeks, and it never made its way into the show. Then the room had wrapped. I was writing Episode 7, and I was breaking it, and I was moving at the time and I was listening to this playlist that we had created for the show.

I was driving back and forth, and this one song came on, and it just laid on top of her idea. I called her and I was like, “I think I know how to do it. In this episode, can you just write me a paragraph of this song and figure out how we can make it?” She did, and we made it work, and it’s in the show.

John: That’s awesome. All right. Let’s do one last question here from Becca.

Drew: “I signed with my manager in 2021. He’s friends with agents at a reputable agency, and they signed me as well for both TV and film. He emailed me today and told me we were parting ways because the industry is tough right now, and they want to focus on clients whose scripts are ready to sell, which is understandable. No hard feelings there. Should I not contact any of the people that they connected me to that I had general meetings with? Agents as well? Because I’m assuming I’ve also been let go by them. Am I able to send a script out that they already sent out, or do I shelve it? Not sure of the etiquette in these situations.”

John: Oh, Becca. All right. First off, I want to clarify. It sounds like– so your manager says, “We are dropping you. We’re no longer repping you,” but you’ve not had any contact with the agents about what’s happened here, too. Becca, it seems like you feel like “you are a member of Hollywood card” has been pulled, and that you’re no longer able to do things, so that it’s simply not the case. I’m sorry that your manager dropped you. It does happen. I’ve heard that happening a lot more recently as things have tightened down a bit, but the agents are free to do whatever they want to do, and I wouldn’t assume that they have disappeared on you.

My advice, Becca, is you are going to email the agents, who are your agents, and talk to them about like, “These are the things I’m working on. This is what I want to be doing next.” I don’t know if they even necessarily need to acknowledge that you’re no longer working with that manager, but see where that is, and just don’t make an assumption at this moment that they’ve dropped you. In terms of the other people you’ve met, good lord, you’ve met those people, the other executives, all the people you’ve had general meetings with.

That’s why you try to get their contact information in those moments so that you can also continue to reach out with them and talk with them and continue to develop stuff. You are not required to have a manager in this town. You’re not required to have an agent in this town. Most of the work you’re going to get for yourself, it’s really the work you’re going to get for yourself, and so I think, yes, you do need to look for a new manager, but you also need to continue writing and continue trying to find places where they want to hire you to do stuff.

Liz: 100%, no notes.

John: All right. Great. That is resolved. Let’s go onto our One Cool Things. Liz Hannah, what is your One Cool Thing other than the wasp I see flying around you?

Liz: There’s a wasp in my office. It’s cool. He’s not cool.

John: No.

Liz: He and I are going to have a conversation in a little bit that will end with, I’m sorry to say, a death.

John: Not yours. Liz, it’s not going to be you. Not today.

Liz: Fingers crossed. My one cool thing is a candle company, which is called Dehv Candle Company, D-E-H-V. I love these candles. They’re hand-poured, they’re non-GMO, they’re lead-free. It is a female-owned LA business. They are in these concrete jars that once the candles run out, they comes with a botanical biodegradable thing where you can grow flowers, you can put seeds in it, you can grow anything in it. I love them. There’s one scent in particular that I just lit the other day because it’s September and I would like it to be fall, which is called Northeast. It’s a very fall, not overbearing scent. Check out Dehv Candle Company, local business. We love it.

John: Excellent. Mine is also a physical thing, so I make my scrambled eggs every morning, and I’ve been using this really good nonstick thing. It works well on our induction cooktop and I’ve loved it, but non-stick services of all kinds are not great for the world, the chemicals that are used to make it. I know this largely because Drew’s wife, Heather, is a chemist who studies these kinds of things. It’d be great if we’d had fewer of these forever chemicals in our lives. I’ve been trying out a new fry pan from OXO. It’s a carbon steel pan.

Carbon steel is light cast iron, but doesn’t weigh 10,000 pounds. Basically has its own natural coating on it [unintelligible 00:55:18] oil that sticks to it. It’s non-stick as long as you treat it properly and treat it right. So far, knock wood, it’s worked really well. It works really fast on induction cooking. I’ve actually had to turn down the heat on that because it just transfers the heat so well, and so eggs go a little too quick if you don’t turn down the heat a bit, but so far it’s been really good. You just wipe it out. You never wash it. I’m enjoying using my OXO carbon steel pan. They’re not expensive, so if you’re looking for a fry pan, I would urge you to check it out.

Liz: Love this. I need a new one.

John: All right. That is our show for this week. Script is produced by Drew Marquardt, edited by Matthew Chilelli. Our outro this week is by Spencer Lackey. If you have an outro, you can send us a link to ask@johnaugust.com. That’s also a place we can send questions like the ones Liz and I answered today. You’ll find transcripts @johnaugust.com, along with a signup for a weekly newsletter called Interesting, which has lots of links to things about writing. You’ll find the clips and other helpful video on our YouTube. Just search for Scriptnotes and give us a follow while you’re there.

You can also follow us on Instagram at Scriptnotes Podcast. We have t-shirts and hoodies, and drinkwear. You’ll find those at Cotton Bureau. You’ll find the show notes with links to all the things we talked about today in the email you get each week as a premium subscriber. Thank you to all of our premium subscribers and the folks who’ve sent through their receipts for pre-ordering the Scriptnotes book. If you’ve ordered the Scriptnotes book, make sure to send that receipt to Drew, ask@johnaugust.com, because we’re about to send out something really cool that we are going to be doing as we’re signing books, so you get to see what we’re doing there.

You can sign to become our premium member @scriptnotes.net. You get all the backup episodes and bonus segments, all the Liz Hannah episodes, the other four or five. You’ve been on a fair amount?

Liz: I’ve been on a few times.

John: More than once or twice?

Liz: I need that merch, need that belt.

John: We’re about to record a new one on talking to your kids about what you do for a living. Liz Hannah, it’s always a pleasure. Thank you so much for coming back on Scriptnotes.

Liz: Thank you.

[Bonus Segment]

John: All right. You and I are both film and TV writers. It’s a little bit hard to explain to a kid what we do. Your kid is being potty-trained, so three, four?

Liz: He’s three and a half.

John: All right. Does he have a sense that you go someplace, you do a thing, but does he have a sense of what Mama does for work?

Liz: No, not at all. He knows that I go to an office and that he’s been to my office, but he does not know what I do. Maybe he knows I think that we write. I don’t think he would know enough to say we’re writers, but my husband, who is also a writer, works from home and has a home office, and so he knows that the computer is a thing that we work on.

John: My daughter growing up, we filmed a movie at the house, but she was too young to know that was there. She got to see a lot of big fish for Broadway. She got to see all the rehearsals for that. She really had a very good sense of like, “Papa works on this show,” and she got to see how it all fits together, and that was great. It’s like, bringing a kid to set gives a sense of like, “Oh, this is a whole thing to do.” Then she could see the show and see how it all developed. In terms of me putting words together and being paid to do that, it’s a hard thing to explain.

For a while, I had an office outside of the house, and then I moved to this room over the garage. I’ve talked about it on the show before, how for several years, it was like, “Papa’s going off to work.” I would leave. She didn’t know that it was actually just upstairs in the office, and so–

Liz: Son of a bitch. There he is. Get out of here. Hang on. This is the most exciting Scriptnotes [inaudible 00:59:01].

John: 100%. An element of danger that’s lacking in most Scriptnotes episodes.

Liz: I see you. Land. Break the window. Got him. Oh my gosh.

John: Nice. A murder happened live on podcast.

[laughter]

Liz: Woo. All right. I feel alive. This is, I will say, the second wasp that has appeared in my office, which is a problem.

John: That is a problem.

Drew: I was about to say I feel like–

Liz: We’re going to have to deal with this.

John: If it’s three, then it’s officially a trend.

Liz: This is an issue.

John: All right. Wasps come from someplace, so if you track down the source, you could maybe get rid of the wasps.

Liz: Or just maybe they should spread to their brethren that this is not free to come to live.

John: A deadly place. Stay away from that office. My daughter had no sense that I was actually working upstairs over the garage, but she would come in to see Matt, my assistant at the time, who worked downstairs. I talked to Matt not knowing I was upstairs. Once she finally figured out that I wasn’t going someplace, because she was asking for a while, like, “Why is Papa’s car still here?” It’s like, “Oh, he must have walked to work, which is not a lie. I did walk to work. Once she discovered I worked upstairs, I just sort of laid down the law, like, “You can never come out here while I’m working. I’ll be really upset if you come out here while I’m working. That lasted for a couple years. I actually got some years of quiet.

Liz: Productivity out of it.

John: Then at some point, kids stop caring about what you do and don’t want to be in your presence. Then she was not interrupting me for very much at all.

Liz: When I work from home, I often will just work in bed because I’ll just be writing. That really doesn’t help him think that I have a job because it also doesn’t help when part of my job is to watch things because then he’s just– it’s just really confusing. I had to explain to my niece recently what I did. Well, I didn’t have to, but she was at the house and she was doing some homework. Her homework was writing, and she was not pleased that this was a thing that she was doing. I was like, “Me and Uncle Brian, our job is basically homework.”

She just looked at me, and her mother was like, “Yes, I was explaining to you, they are writers, this is what they do.” I just truly felt like she was like, “Why would you do this to yourself? Did you lose a bet? This is a terrible idea.” I will say that, as an adult who I’m very thankful for my career, but I did really come to a realization about five years ago that I was like, “I decided to do homework forever.” That’s what I chose to do as a career.

John: Choices. When I was writing the Arlo Finch books, at least there was a physical thing I could show a person like, “Okay, I wrote all the words that are in this book,” and that was helpful to see. When we were writing a movie, it’s like, “We’re writing the plan for the thing, but they’re not going to want to read this script for a thing, and that’s not interesting to them.”

Liz: I think going into production is fun for them to have a sense of process of it. I wasn’t shooting something, but my friends were shooting something legitimately around the corner from my house for the last six months. I took him and he went on set. He couldn’t process that he was seeing one of his aunts basically on screen and that she was working, but he was also engrossed by it because he loves watching things. He had a great time.

John: He just got into trucks and vehicles because there’s trucks and vehicles that are great.

Liz: Are you kidding? What are you talking about? Literally the dream. If I drove a truck for a living, I would be a hero. That would be it.

John: Liz, you’ve got to do a Fast and the Furious movie so your kids can see it.

Liz: I know. Did you ever have– because this is something I think about a lot, did you ever have a moment where you were like, “I want to make something that my child can watch? Did you have that period?”

John: I’ve done that. Of course, I did.

John: Yes, you have done that. My experience was, and again, I probably have told this on the air before, we were shooting Frankenweenie. We were in London, me and my husband and my daughter were in London, and we’re touring the sets for the stop-motion Frankenweenie. They’re so impressive, so amazing. To scale, that’s just really cool. Then at some point, she realized that Sparky the dog dies. She sat down on the floor and would not move until I explained that Sparky comes back through magic and everything is okay. Everything is fine. To this day, she’s not seeing Frankenweenie because she’s just been so traumatized by that memory of like-

Liz: You’re like, “I made this movie for you.” [laughs] I think it’ll take him a while to see the post. That’s going to be up his alley for a while. Long Shot might actually come closer for him to watch more recently. I do often think about making something for him to watch, but then there’s a finite time of him thinking I’m cool, so I really have to make it now.

John: By the time Aladdin came out, my daughter had no interest in Aladdin at all. She’s actually never seen Aladdin.

Liz: I’m very excited to show my son Aladdin. We’re deep in Cars right now, so that’s a big one.

John: Cars was not a big movie in our household, and I’m grateful for that. Cars is just that thing that never fit my brain well.

Liz: It’s funny because then I have friends who have girls and they’re watching all the princess things. For me, it’s a hard no. I would just not function in that world. The Cars world, I’m thrived. Truly, in this moment. Although I will say that Batwheels was recently introduced to my house, and that really broke me. There’s an overstimulation and sound thing that I can’t handle. We really do generally live in a Pixar world in our house, which I think is just great for everybody.

John: Sure. Absolutely.

Liz: It’s like Pixar and Disney animation, you really can’t go wrong. It’s really meant for everyone, and it’s very accessible. For me, who basically gets overstimulated by two people talking at once, having too many flashing lights was really enough.

John: The thing you get to look forward on your behalf for is, at a certain point, you’re like, okay, now we’ll start Star Wars. Every weekend, watch one of the Star Wars and pick the right order for it, which is great. You’ll be just astonished how much little kids love the prequels. They love them.

Liz: Oh, yes.

John: They love them.

Liz: Less excited for. I will say that Back to the Future made its way into my house. My son went through at least six weeks where he dressed like Marty McFly every single day.

John: There’s a DeLorean in it.

Liz: It was a dream. When we went to visit my friends on set, they were shooting on the Universal lot, and he dressed like Marty and brought a tiny DeLorean. Then we went and saw the clock tower.

John: Incredible.

Liz: It was life-changing for every adult that was present and him, though he won’t remember it. We are going to see– Back to the Future is coming back to theaters for Halloween, so we are going to see it.

John: A thing you also get to do is he will have some TV show that he loves, and you will pull a connection and get to visit a set of that TV show, and that will blow his mind. My daughter loved– I don’t even remember the name of the show, some Nickelodeon superhero show. I was like, “I bet I know somebody who works on the show.” We went to visit the thing, and you saw how incredibly tiny the sets were and how minimal everything was. She was still like, her mind blown. She said, like, “Papa, can we fly to Hollywood?” Like, “Honey, we live in Hollywood.”

Liz: Girl, we live there.

John: This is our town.

Liz: That’s so funny.

John: She always saw Hollywood as that thing off there. It’s something like American Idol. You’re going to Hollywood. It’s like, “No, no, we live there. This is what it is.”

Liz: That’s so funny. We were with Dan Fogelman recently, which it’s like when I think you have a teenager or something like that, and you’re like, “Here’s the showrunner.” They’re like, “I don’t give a shit who the showrunner is. What does that mean?” Having to really restrain myself from telling my three-year-old who’s obsessed with cars like, “This is the guy who created it all.” He’s just like, “Where’s lightning?” I was like, “Yes, it doesn’t compute necessarily the same thing.”

John: I guess what I’m looking forward to is there’s going to be a tipping point where like, “Oh, my parents do something that’s cool, that’s actually great.”

Liz: Yes. I’m very excited for that.

John: Then they’ll resent you for it, and then they’ll go to college.

Liz: It’s like a flash in a pan a few years where I’m cool. I’m documenting all of the things so that he does know that I was cool at one point and did take him to cool things when he hates me. Then I can show them to a therapist and be like, “I actually did do things.”

John: I have evidence. I have receipts. I did the good things.

Liz: FYI, he did have fun doing these things.

John: All right. We had a very fun time chatting with you. Liz Hannah, thank you again for coming back on Scriptnotes.

Liz: Thank you.

John: All right.

LINKS:

  • Bob The Musical has a Director!
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Email us at ask@johnaugust.com

You can download the episode here.

Episode 703: Getting Period Right, Transcript

September 25, 2025 Scriptnotes Transcript

The original post for this episode can be found here.

JOHN AUGUST: Hello, and welcome. My name is John August.

CRAIG MAZIN: My name’s Craig Mazin.

JOHN: This is Episode 703 of Scriptnotes. It’s a podcast about screenwriting and things that are interesting to screenwriters. Craig is mostly just trying to make Drew laugh.
[laughter]

DREW: So far, so good.

JOHN: Today on the show, how do you write a period film that feels accurate but also compelling? Most importantly, not a history lesson. We’ve got at least 10 tips for timely tales, plus some related listener questions. In our bonus segment for premium members, we are officially in the season of the witch. Let’s do our ranking of iconic witches. I have 13 witches-

DREW: Oh, my God.

JOHN: -from literature and film, and we will put them in the proper order-

CRAIG: We’ll rank them.

JOHN: -from God-tier to D-level.

CRAIG: You do have the witch from Into the Woods in there, I see.

JOHN: We could add the witch from Into the Woods.

CRAIG: Now, we have 14 witches.

JOHN: Yes, absolutely. It’s the Last Midnight.

CRAIG: [singing] It’s the last midnight
It’s the–

JOHN: So good. Although it’s a news to get through before we get started on things. Highland Pro, the app that my company makes, we turn on family sharing, which we didn’t have on before. Now, if you have it, anyone in your family–

CRAIG: Why were you guys anti-family?

JOHN: We were not anti-family at all. Basically, they hide it in the interface for you to do it. It’s like, “Oh, can we turn on the switch?” It’s irreversible once you turn it on, but we did it, and it worked.

CRAIG: I guess that makes sense, right? Once you start sharing with somebody, you can’t take it away. That’s a nice thing. I love family sharing.

JOHN: It’s not only witch season, but it’s also back-to-school season. I want to talk through, almost all the screenwriting apps have a version of student licenses or discounted student licenses. For Highland Pro, that’s free. If you’re a student at a university program, you get Highland Pro for free. You just need to send in an email from your email address at your university, so .edu if you’re in the US, but other countries, it’s going to be other things. Photo or student ID. Fade In has a similar thing. Student pricing is $60. Final Draft has student pricing at $90. WriterDuet has 50% off. $90 student pricing.

CRAIG: Oh, Final Draft. Jesus, Final Draft. WTF is wrong with them? By the way, it’s not worth $90. That software is worth $3. They’re charging students a discounted rate of $90, so what are they charging poor everyone else that’s getting fleeced?

JOHN: I think the most recent price I saw on there was $199.

CRAIG: Oh my God.

JOHN: I think it’s more than that. I think it might be.

CRAIG: No. Why are people still paying for this?

JOHN: Buy now. Let’s see what it says.

CRAIG: Do not buy now. Buy never.

JOHN: Final draft 13 personal license is $174.99. That’s 30% off the regular list price, which is $249.99.

CRAIG: $249?

JOHN: That’s a lot of money.

CRAIG: There are people who have paid $250 for Final Draft.

JOHN: All this is a roundabout way to say if you are a student in a university program, you should use one of these discounted systems for getting it. Highland is free, so you might as well try that.

CRAIG: Exactly. Highland’s free. The maximum you should pay is $60 for Fade In. If you’re a student, you don’t need Fade In either. Honestly, Highland, done, or WriterDuet is also like–

JOHN: 50% off.

CRAIG: Yes. What does that cost?

JOHN: Based on what level you’re getting at, there’s a free version of it.

CRAIG: There’s a free version.

JOHN: My daughter was in a screenwriting program last year. She was screenwriting class last year. They were doing it in Google Docs, and it’s just so painful. Just don’t do it in Google Docs.

CRAIG: Why? What? [chuckles]

JOHN: It’s so painful. Yes.

CRAIG: What? I can’t with higher education.

JOHN: Yes. Any of these, Highland, it’s just like, “Oh, it’s a really good program.” Yes, your father spent 10 years making this program. I’m glad that you enjoy it.

CRAIG: Right. Instead, use Google Docs. Was it the school asking them to do Google Docs, or was it the kids who prefer using Google Docs?

JOHN: Basically, I think the professor didn’t require them to use anything other than this. He said it was fine to use Google Docs.

CRAIG: No, it’s not.

JOHN: No, it’s not, because you and I both had to write– Have you ever written in Word? Your early scripts, did you write this in Word? Or you always were in Final Draft or Screenwriter?

CRAIG: My very, very first couple of scripts were in probably WordPerfect.

JOHN: Yes. It is possible to write in a normal Word processor. It’s just ugly.

CRAIG: It just sucks and laborious. [crosstalk] Yes.

JOHN: [unintelligible 00:04:03] was written in Word, and that was the last one I wrote in.

CRAIG: Honestly, we got a lot of problems in this country, not going to lie. Maybe number one problem is screenwriting professors telling students to work in Google Docs. That may be the worst thing America’s dealing with right now.

JOHN: Indeed. Absolutely. Rise of Fascism and–

CRAIG: Rise of Fascism is like fourth. Because I got other issues, like Final Draft pricing. [chuckles]

JOHN: Last bit of news. Once again, I am looking for somebody. A recurring segment on this podcast has ended up being that I need somebody to do a thing, so I asked our listenership, and someone in our listenership is like, “Oh, I’m exactly the person you need to do this thing.” Here’s what I’m looking for right now. We’re doing a new project, and we need a designer for it. We’ll have a link in the show notes with exactly what the whole description is and what the project is. Essentially, we’re looking for a UI/UX designer with front-end experience. Do you know what front-end experience means?

CRAIG: I assume that means the part that people engage with. That part.

JOHN: If it were a web app, then it’s the parts you click on and do that stuff rather than the background server stuff. This is a web thing. Mostly, we’re going to be looking at the other stuff that you’ve built. You need to have a portfolio that shows cool stuff that you’ve built, and most crucially, just taste. Taste is so fundamental here because you can learn anything else, but you can’t learn taste.

CRAIG: That’s called talent.

JOHN: Yes.

CRAIG: I have taste. I just don’t know how to code or design. I feel like I’m well on my way to getting this job. I just got to quickly learn what UX means, and I’m there.

JOHN: 100%. If you are at or above Craig’s level, you
should click through the link and see the kinds of things we’re looking for.

CRAIG: If you see the word UX and you pronounce it Ux, you’re disqualified. This is not your job.

JOHN: No, it’s not. We are looking for an individual, not looking for a company. This is for one project, and so we’ll probably be on an hourly or daily, or weekly rate, but we’d love to find somebody to bring into the team, work full-time. We are based here in Los Angeles. That’s great if we find a person in Los Angeles, but we can also work with someone remote. If you are that person who is the designer who has done this kind of thing, take a look through the notes. You’ll find the show notes, and maybe this is the job–

CRAIG: You know what? I’m going to take myself out of contention. It’s unfair.

JOHN: You’re busy, Craig. Realistically, how are we going to squeeze this on top of everything else?

CRAIG: I play a little bit less Skyrim on my Steam Deck, and I blew through Oblivion. Oblivion, by the way, I’ve forgotten. Kind of a short game, weirdly.

JOHN: Wait, I’m confusing them. Skyrim–

CRAIG: Elder Scrolls IV is Oblivion. Elder Scrolls V is Skyrim.

JOHN: Oh, that’s right, because you went back and played an earlier version. Is it up rest? Does it look decent?

CRAIG: Oblivion, they did a whole remaster because Oblivion came out in 2003, ’02, or something like that. It was like a company came and made it look decent, and it was fun to play again. Skyrim looks really good still.

JOHN: Skyrim is so long. I never finished Skyrim.

CRAIG: Oh, I did, and I’m going to finish it again.

JOHN: I restarted it a couple of times, yes.

CRAIG: I’m going to finish it.

JOHN: I can’t believe you were able to play it on a Steam Deck. It just looks amazing on a Steam Deck. It seems like it’s maybe too small. I’ll put it on my Steam Deck because I’ve not been playing anything other than Vertigo on my Steam Deck

CRAIG: It’s eight inches away from your eyes. It looks great. Anyway, Oblivion, like–

JOHN: Do you put on your readers when you play it?

CRAIG: No.

JOHN: Okay.

CRAIG: That’s actually an interesting thing. I realize I don’t. I guess because I can hold it–

JOHN: Yes, just at the right distance.

CRAIG: Just at the right distance.

JOHN: Is your posture up, or are you looking down?

CRAIG: No, it’s up. The only thing is sometimes my elbows get squeezy because my elbows are bent. I get that my ring finger and pinky finger start to go to sleep. That’s an indication that maybe I should put the Steam Deck down. You know what? I don’t, because winners don’t quit.

JOHN: At whatever point we actually get VR glasses that are really, really good, my God, that’s going to be an incredible game.

CRAIG: They’re getting there.

JOHN: They’re fatiguing to wear after a certain point.

CRAIG: The Quest is a heavy object. I really love that one game that I played on it, the one from the room people from– It was fantastic. I just wait for that one awesome game and then–

JOHN: With some follow-up. Two episodes ago, we talked about connections and the importance of connections. Jay wrote in with some connected and related business. I’m friendly with one of the top screenwriters in town, super A-list, multiple franchises, but our connection is through our daughters, who’ve become best friends at school.

CRAIG: Wait, so let’s see. This is obviously talking about me.

JOHN: Yes.

CRAIG: Let’s see. Who’s my–? Okay, go on.

JOHN: We know each other from play dates and school functions, where we have a fun, casual relationship. Our conversations are about the general state of the industry or upcoming school events. I’ve always felt like I’m not in his league, so I’ve religiously avoided pitching myself or bothering him to read my stuff. Last week, his production company independently read one of my samples. Through my reps, not through him, I now have a general with one of his execs. He and I haven’t spoken about it at all. Should I, A, text him beforehand like, “Hey, funny thing, I’m meeting with your people this week.”

B, mention our connection in the meeting. “Oh, I’m actually friends with your boss. Our daughters go to the same school.”

Or C, say nothing and let it play out, risking embarrassing confrontation later of, “Hey, why didn’t you tell me you were coming in for a meeting?” How do you navigate connection that’s personal first, professional by accident?

CRAIG: I love the amount of neurosis that’s pouring off of this. It’s very familiar to me.

JOHN: It’s a very Los Angeles thing, too. I completely picture they were at the same exhausting kids’ birthday parties every weekend.

CRAIG: Sure, over and over and over. I love this. I would go with A.

JOHN: I would go with A, also.

CRAIG: Hard recommend on A.

JOHN: Let’s remind everybody. That is where you text him ahead of time. Say, “Oh, hey, I’m meeting with your people.” Otherwise, it’s just weird if they told you afterwards. Then if you’re in a meeting, you say, “Oh, I’m actually friends with–” then that puts everybody in a weird spot.

CRAIG: Yes. That’s an easy one. If it were me, meaning if I were this fancy guy and I got a text that said, “Hey, it’s blah, blah, I see you all the time, funny thing, I’m having a general meeting, LOL.” I would be like, “Oh, great.” Then I would probably say to that person, “Hey, I want to be in that meeting,” or “Can I read what he wrote,” or be nice to him, or nothing. What I would never do is not say anything, and then just be like, “The hell?”

JOHN: There’s a small number of people this top screenwriter could be, because I’m trying to think of a screenwriter rather than a TV writer. This person has their own development staff and own people.

CRAIG: There’s a lot of them.

JOHN: There’s a few, but it’s 10 or fewer.

CRAIG: A-list screenwriter, franchises, and so forth.

JOHN: We can think of a couple. I would say, Jay, it’s fine, it’s good. You’re overthinking and overstressing it.

CRAIG: Well, yes, but also, that is precisely the kind of overthinking and overstressing that is fairly normal for us. I just don’t want Jay to feel like there’s something wrong with him. There is something wrong with him, but it’s the same thing that’s wrong with most of us.

JOHN: The extra context we got on this is like, this isn’t Jay’s first job. He gets hired for things.

CRAIG: This is an easy one, A. What I do appreciate is that Jay is being considerate of this other person. Because, look, it’s a tough business. Everyone’s scrambling. There have been times where I’ve been aware that I’m talking to somebody who’s maybe in scramble mode, and I can feel that they want to maybe push on it a little bit. I get it completely. It is at least a good thing to be aware that it’s a little awkward and uncomfortable. The fact that this screenwriter has a company that could hire people for things, yes, totally reasonable.

JOHN: Yes. Another bit of connections follow-up. Jamie in Australia writes, “John and Craig mentioned the awkward situations that happen when a distant acquaintance approaches you, especially when you’re with someone who’s not in the business, or you feel the pressure to say, ‘Melissa, this is blah-de-blah,’ but you’re blanking on them.”

CRAIG: [chuckles] My nightmare.

JOHN: In those cases, proactively introduce the person you’re with. “This is my wife, Melissa.” In about 30% of the cases, your acquaintance will say, “Hi, Melissa,” and leave it at that, and you’re back to square one. For most people, this gives them a face-saving opportunity to say, “Hi, Melissa, I’m Kim. I was Craig’s junior assistant producer on his first feature.”

CRAIG: Okay, but here’s the thing. I’m aware of that.

JOHN: I do it. I did it this weekend.

CRAIG: Yes, and I do that, too. The problem is, no one on the other end is going to be like, “Oh, let me make everything easy for you. I’m Kim.” They don’t do that. They’re like, “Oh, hey,” and they also know what you’re doing. They all know it. There’s a moment where it’s like, okay, I’m going to get an A if I say, “Melissa, this is John. He’s blah-de-blah.” I’m going to get an D if I’m like, “This is my wife, Melissa.” Then she’s like, “Oh, hi,” and that person’s like, “Oh, hi,” I guess he doesn’t know my name.

JOHN: A small variation, which is worth trying, which I think I did this weekend as well, it’s like, “Oh, hey, do you know Mike, my husband? Have you met my husband, Mike?” Then it gives Mike an opening for saying, “Okay, I’m Mike.” Then the other person says–

CRAIG: Okay, let me give you a nightmare scenario. “Okay, have you met my husband, Mike?” “Yes. We all went out to dinner three months ago. We sat next to each other and talked at length.”

JOHN: Absolutely true. Absolutely true.

CRAIG: I feel like there are trade-offs. As you get older, your back hurts, your eyes start to– you get closer to death, sweet, beautiful death. You also get to just be excused a little bit for some of this stuff. Like, “Hey, you know what? I’m older. What are you going to do? I’m losing it.” I’m not. It’s just that I know a lot of people. I know too many people. As time goes by, you keep meeting people. It’s the worst. What are you going to do? I think people are like, “Oh, the old guy, he just can’t remember anyone’s names.”

JOHN: I’m sure I’ve said this on podcasts multiple times, but if I’m going to something like a premiere, not of my movie, but other people’s movies, I will, on a drive over, remind myself in the car, who are the people I’m likely to bump into just so they’re a little bit closer to my name.

CRAIG: You can panic about not knowing their names earlier?

JOHN: Or I can Google them.

CRAIG: Oh, God.

JOHN: I Google them in the car.

CRAIG: Lady whose name I don’t know.

JOHN: No, like a producer of this thing.

CRAIG: Oh, like you remember any details about them? Congratulations. I run into people–

JOHN: No, I remember they produced this thing, but I cannot think of their name. Fair.

CRAIG: That’s a reasonable one. It’s the ones that come up– I got to tell you, it happened to me the other day where I was like, “Oh my gosh.” Then I couldn’t remember who it was, and I should have. I should have, but I didn’t. You know what? I shouldn’t have. It was years ago.

JOHN: It was years ago.

CRAIG: It was years ago, one time years ago, but you know, I felt bad.

JOHN: Yes. There’s also people who I’ve only met on Zoom. I pitched something at eight different places on Zoom.

CRAIG: That one, I think, everybody. Because I just go, “Oh my gosh.” They make the little square in the air, like, “I only know you from this,” as if their face were not enough. Still, any excuse–

JOHN: I’ve only stared in depth at your face for hours on end.

CRAIG: I never saw it bobbing around on the top of the rest of this crap. Now, I know, “Oh, it’s you.” Listen, there’s no–

JOHN: There’s no easy way.

CRAIG: Does this happen to you a lot? You’re young.

DREW: It does a little bit. Although I’ve been the person who’s called out someone for not remembering.

CRAIG: What’s wrong with you?

DREW: Because it was egregious.

CRAIG: What do you mean [unintelligible 00:15:32]? [chuckles]

DREW: It was a person that I had done multiple friend dates with kind of thing, and seen shows with over years. Then I went to a birthday party and they acted like– It was like, “Oh, I have no idea who you are.” I called them out. I bought them a beer afterwards because I felt a little bit bad.

JOHN: There’s also people who have genuine face blindness. Brad Pitt cannot recognize anybody.

CRAIG: By the way, I’m going to start claiming I have face blindness. What a great excuse. Here’s my thing, Drew. What are you going to get out of that?

DREW: In the moment, nothing. It was just pure anger. Hurt, I guess. I’m not saying I was right. I’m not saying you should do that at all. I was in the wrong. This is 10 years ago.

CRAIG: Wait, 10 years ago?

JOHN: Maybe a little less.

CRAIG: How old are you? 12?

DREW: Yes. Yes, I was.

CRAIG: This is like, what, in a sixth-grade birthday party?

DREW: Yes. I was like, we’ve been to school together. We were in fourth grade together all year long.

CRAIG: “Yes, I’m Michael G. I thought you were Michael F.” My thing is, what do you get out of– They don’t know your name. You’re not going to change that. I would just have fun with it. I would laugh about it. You know what I would say, honestly? I would say this is amazing because I’m the one who’s usually doing this. I’m so happy that you’re the one doing it, so I get to enjoy this. Five minutes from now, I’m going to be you with somebody else.

JOHN: Craig, I don’t think we talked about you show up at a party, a friend’s party, and there’s a person there who is actually just a villain. They have done you wrong. They’re apparently friends with the host of the party. Those awkward situations. I’ve had a couple of those. I was like, “Good Lord.” I can generally just avoid the person.

CRAIG: Yes. Do you end up talking to that person?

JOHN: Sometimes it’s at a dinner party or something. It’s like, “Ugh.”

CRAIG: How does your friend not know you have some secret villains?

JOHN: Yes, just people in the industry who have just done me wrong. There’s one director who is just– He’s the worst. Everyone loves him, but he’s just the worst.

CRAIG: Oh, that’s fascinating. I wonder who that– It’s not Steven Spielberg.

JOHN: No. Steven’s great.

CRAIG: How great would it be if you were like, “Oh, man, you nailed it”?

JOHN: Nailed it. We’ve talked about one director who we wanted to have on the show, but he has a villainous history with another one of our friends. That kind of situation does come up. If those two people were at the same event, what do you do?

CRAIG: I don’t really have villains, I don’t think.

JOHN: I have very few, so that was a surprise to this person.

CRAIG: I can think of, honestly, one guy that I don’t want to be at a dinner party with, but I don’t think that’s going to be happening anytime soon anyway. Doesn’t seem like a dinner party guy, to be honest with you.

JOHN: All right, let’s get to our main topic today, which is writing period stuff. We talk on the show a lot about world-building. If you’re building a futuristic world, you have to be very specific about what’s in that world, what’s different, how not to overbuild, and all these things. What we haven’t discussed a lot, as I was looking through our catalog here, are actual period films and period series, things that are set in recognizable moments of the past.

CRAIG: We’re not talking about female reproductive health today?

JOHN: No.

CRAIG: I was confused. Go on.

JOHN: Yes, but I want to make sure that the stuff we’re writing is accurate, but also accessible for audiences. The tension is really between those two things often because done wrong, these can feel like history lessons, but done properly, it’s like, “Oh, this is the color and the context for the world. The history is the plate upon which you are serving the food.” Often, we can confuse the foreground and the background. As we have this conversation, it’s so easy to think like, “Oh, we’re talking about Victorian times or this.” Also, the ’60s, ’70s, ’80s, ’90s.

There was a thing I was writing that was in 2010s, which is like, that’s period. You have to remember what is specifically different about this. Last weekend, I went to go see a screening of Showgirls at the Academy Museum. Showgirls and I have this weird history because–

CRAIG: At the Academy Museum.

JOHN: Yes. It was their summer camp. It was a so-called summer camp.

CRAIG: Okay, fair.

JOHN: Here’s the history, briefly, of my experience with Showgirls, is that script by Joe Eszterhas sold while I was in the Stark program at USC for a total of $3.5 million. One of us got a copy of the script. It’s like, “We have to have a dramatic reading of Showgirls.” We had a dramatic reading of Showgirls at my apartment. There were 10 of us, and we read through the whole thing.

CRAIG: Whole thing [unintelligible 00:19:59]

JOHN: Kind of, but it’s also just boring and bad. The movie is actually boring and bad, but also fabulous. It’s a maniacal glee, and the performances are awful, and yet it all works together until it goes just darkly off the rail and cannot be fun anymore.

CRAIG: You know what? We got to get Joe Eszterhas on this show, and I’ll tell you why.

JOHN: Please.

CRAIG: I’ve never met him, never spoken with him. He was ’90s screenwriting.

JOHN: He was the spirit of 1995.

CRAIG: He was it. Year after year, that guy was just crushing it, at least financially.

JOHN: Yes. Jagged Edge. I love Jagged Edge. I haven’t gotten to rewatch it.

CRAIG: Awesome.

JOHN: Basic instinct. Absurd, but sure. Iconic.

CRAIG: Love it. Then it started getting a little wobbly there. Also, Joe Eszterhas, pure screenwriter. Never directed, as far as I know. Did he?

JOHN: No.

CRAIG: I don’t think so. He was completely at the mercy of directors, which is why I would want to talk to him. Plus, there is that amazing thing that went down with him and Mel Gibson that people have forgotten.

JOHN: I’ve forgotten that, too.

CRAIG: Joe Eszterhas was working on a script for Mel Gibson. I don’t remember what it was. Mel Gibson, I think, has some sort of compound in Costa Rica. Joe Eszterhas was down there. Mel Gibson was apparently super off his rocker, angry. I don’t know why. Joe Eszterhas recorded some of it of Mel Gibson screaming at him, basically. The stories that must be there from Joe Eszterhas, I wonder if he would come on and just tell a story.

JOHN: In my head, I think I played with him with the Final Draft guy.

CRAIG: Oh, no.

JOHN: Yes, I’m sure he’s delightful.

CRAIG: The Final Draft guy, Rocco Three Shoes, or whatever that guy was, who we talked to. Who was that guy? [chuckles]

JOHN: I don’t remember either.

CRAIG: Quasi-mobster. [chuckles] He’s not really a mobster. He’s not a mobster, but he had that kind of vibe.
[laughter]

JOHN: We’re in business to stay in business.

CRAIG: That is such a mobster thing to say. No, what he said is, we’re not in the business of going out of business. What do you want from us? We’re not in the business of going out of business. Well, it’s not a reason to extort people. Hey, listen, what are you going to do?

JOHN: The whole reason I brought up Showgirls is watching that movie. It’s set in 1995. You’re like, “Oh, wow, that’s right. That’s what 1995 looks like.” It wasn’t trying to be a period. It literally just was that thing. One of the real advantages when we were making a story that is set in the time of motion pictures is we can go back and look like, what did it actually look like? That’s just so fantastic.

CRAIG: Yes. You can look at what it looked like. You can look at it or even look at what the glossy version of what it looked like looked like. The ’90s are amazing, because of our age. We graduate college. We come to Los Angeles. We go through this. 10 years of personal growth and relationship growth and career growth. It seems so separate to us from the ’80s. Everybody else is like, “Meh, it’s basically ’80s blobbing into another thing.” It was just sort of like ’80s plus. It is a fascinating time.

I had never thought about even the 2000s as being period until I had to write scenes in The Last of Us that are set in 2003. Suddenly, I’m like researching, what phones they used and what kind of– I couldn’t remember. Did people have widescreen TVs then, or were we still on square? What was our deal?

JOHN: We’re doing a rewatch of Community, which is a great rewatch if you haven’t seen the show. The phones in it are crazy, because iPhones show up at a certain point, but every other kind of phone you can possibly imagine. There’s sidekicks, there’s trios, a lot of flip phones, Blackberries, everything else.

CRAIG: Palm pilots, somebody has a Newton.

JOHN: Previous episodes, we’ve talked about [unintelligible 00:23:44] stuff obviously with Chernobyl, the deep dive into The Unforgiven. We had Robert Eggers on to talk about Nosferatu, which is period but also that heightened. Mike Makowsky was on to talk about Bad Education, which was ’80s. Mari Heller’s been on a couple times, and it seems like everything she’s done has been a period thing up until the last movie. She took a lot of period.

CRAIG: Yes, I think that’s right.

JOHN: Let’s talk about general goals, no matter what period you’re writing. Fundamentals, story first, history second. The historical setting is the backdrop. It’s not the protagonist.

CRAIG: Yes. There are certain cases where the nature of the story pushes the period forward dramatically because it is about living in the ’80s as opposed to a story that happens to be in the ’80s. I’m thinking of Super 8 or Boogie Nights. Those two movies were ’80s because that was so much of what the story was.

JOHN: All the same, both of those movies, if you needed to transplant them to a different decade, the central character conflicts, the thematic issues, you could find a way to do it in a different decade.

CRAIG: Always for all good drama, which is why Christopher Nolan is making The Odyssey. Always.

JOHN: Pick the scope of history you need. By that, I mean there are certain kinds of movies, it’s history with characters in it. I would say Lincoln is that, Oppenheimer is that, where the history is really foregrounded. There’s other movies where it’s a character story that is taking place in a historical world. I say Titanic is that, Almost Famous is that, where it’s just like the space around it is really, really important, but that’s not the focus of it. Even though Titanic is a real historical event, the movie isn’t about the history that was made there.

CRAIG: Right. It’s worth asking this question, does this need to be a period piece or not? The reason it’s worth asking is, because while it may afford you some interesting things to do in your script, it can be a little bit of a crutch. The first thing that somebody making a budget for that script is going to do is go, “Oh, no, it’s a period piece.” Period pieces cost more money. The end. Every single time. You’re spending more to transform what the world looks outside, even just replacing all the cars as a thing, getting the accurate clothing and the hairstyles, and all the rest.
Period pieces, in that way, can be a trap where people just go crazy with it. Like, “Oh my God, this movie’s set in the ’80s, everyone’s got crazy shoulder pads.” Well, not everybody was walking around with crazy shoulder pads in the ’80s.

JOHN: Most people’s clothes and most people’s– the stuff in people’s houses is actually from 10 years, 20 years before that. People hold onto their stuff. Really great production design, you’ll see that’s set in a period in that specific era. It’s not all new stuff of that era. It’s stuff that’s dragged along. One of the nice things about setting a movie in the present day is you get so much stuff for free. You can just go outside and aim a camera at something like, “Well, that’s 2025,” or whatever year you’re in. You get the modern buildings, you get the modern cars, you get everything else.
All that stuff which would have to be replaced if you’re doing it, say, in the ’80s. A reel showed up on Instagram yesterday that was talking about The Apprentice, the Donald Trump movie that Sebastian Stan was in. It was showing the visual effects they used to put buildings in proper context and make things look right. For an inexpensive movie, they were very, very smart about, “This building looks right, it will just replace the buildings on the side of it.”

CRAIG: Yes. The nature of a skyline is a very interesting research. People will catch you and laugh at you. If you’re making a movie that’s set in 1980s New York and the Freedom Tower is there and not the Twin Towers, people are going to laugh at you. That’s an obvious example, but it creates a lot of issues. At a minimum, just ask, at least why does this need to be set in this time period? Then if you have a great answer, terrific.

JOHN: One of the first movies I wrote, which never I made, thank God, it was a Western. It was like Aliens Out West. It was like a Western, but with an alien creature in it. Doing the research for that, I did not need to know about the 1880s on the East Coast. I just needed to know very specifically, in a Colorado mountain town, what was daily life like. That’s the right scope. I find so often when writers are approaching a period of things, I feel like, “Well, I need to know everything about everything.” It’s like, “You’re probably procrastinating and avoiding writing.”

I would say, all that said, don’t assume you know how things worked. Always stop yourself and ask the question, “Wait, is that really how it is?” Here’s some good examples of things you might not be thinking about. How are letters delivered? How did mail get from point A to point B? How do people light their homes at night? It’s so important. It’s going to be important for production, but also just for what a scene can make sense. If things are happening by candlelight, it’s just fundamentally different.

One of the projects that we’re running right now is in a medieval-y kind of world. Candlelight is tough. It’s challenging to live under candlelight. If you have two characters who are in a room by themselves and just lit by candlelight, everything else is going to darkness beyond that. That is–

CRAIG: Unless they’ve got that candle candelabra. I love a candle candelabra. There’s so many candles. Who’s lighting all those candles? What happens when they burn down?

JOHN: How much heat is that thing putting off?

CRAIG: How many candles did they have?

JOHN: Candles were so expensive. So much of a person’s daily income was spent on candles.

CRAIG: Candles. Then the candle maker, there’s probably a good word for candle maker, right?

JOHN: Candlestick maker.

CRAIG: No, that’s a candlestick. Candlestick is the thing the candle goes in.

JOHN: No, candlestick maker makes the candles.

CRAIG: No, the candlestick maker makes candlesticks.

JOHN: Oh my God. Are we going to fight on this?

CRAIG: Yes. Who’s making the candlestick then? Somebody else?

JOHN: All right. Drew is looking it up to give us the answer.

DREW: A chandler.

CRAIG: A chandler.

JOHN: A chandler.

CRAIG: Chandler makes candles. I knew there was a weird name for it. It’s like Coopers make barrels. All they did was add an H, and they were like, that’s good enough. Chandler. They should have done that with barrels.

JOHN: Chandler, yes. It was probably a hard C-H. That’s a certain one.

CRAIG: Chandler. Chandler Bing. He made candles.

JOHN: It was candles, yes.

CRAIG: Can we agree that the candlestick maker made candlesticks? Come on. It’s a weapon and clue.

JOHN: It is a weapon. That’s true. It’s a candlestick. You’re right. Okay. I will yield on this.

CRAIG: Thank you.

JOHN: What time were meals eaten, and what counted as– did they eat breakfast? How people addressed each other is important. Finding that what streets and roads actually looked like. Were they gravel streets? Gravel is actually a much more sophisticated thing than just a rut down the middle of a road. What was it like?

CRAIG: Here’s a weird one that I remember going, “Whoa, I didn’t know.” And this is why it’s great to look at photographs, because you can pull things from photographs and then go, “Wait, what is that?” and find out what its use was. In the video game LA Noire, which took place in post-war Los Angeles. We’re talking 19– I think it was like 1949 or ’50 or something like that. There was also a section before the war, where it was like the ’30s. I think in the ’30s in Los Angeles, there were no traffic lights. There was like a sign that went ka-chunk.

I was like, “What is that? That is so cool.” By the way, traffic, what a breeze. In the ’30s in LA? Whew. High wind. I love things. Those details. As you’re going through your details, there are details that it’s like, “Okay, I want to get this right. How many candles are in the room? Is anybody going to look at that scene and go, ‘Whoa’?” No. If there’s some interesting whoa, throw it in.

JOHN: If it creates an interesting moment, yes, for sure.

CRAIG: The characters don’t have to say, whoa, nor would they. You might go, “Oh,” that’s the kind of thing that makes you go, “I really am in a different time.”

JOHN: Here’s the challenge is you need to do the research so you have the answers to those kinds of questions that could be relevant and not shove so many of them in that it feels like, “Okay, you’re just showing off here.”

CRAIG: You don’t want it ever to feel like the movie stopped to go. Now, everyone in the mall will dance to Madonna because it’s the ’80s.

JOHN: LOL.

CRAIG: Their hair.

JOHN: Haha.

CRAIG: Well, I guess Wonder Woman did that. Wonder Woman did do that, but you shouldn’t. In general, it’s not a great idea because it takes people out of the story, and it turns it into more of just a look at us.

JOHN: Other things to keep in mind is a people’s sense of
time. Do they have clocks? Do they have watches? Even if they had those, I’ll see if I can find the blog post for this, but the idea of time as a resource that you control is actually relatively recent. People didn’t talk about saving time because you couldn’t do anything with time. Basically, you did your work, you tended the field and stuff, but there wasn’t any sense of like, “Oh, I need to save some time here. What was time?”

Time, as a thing you can sort of touch or control, is a pretty recent invention. It’s really kind of an industrial-age invention.

CRAIG: Yes, I mean, time management, definitely. The other thing to think about is how you prompted this when you talked about time. I think about just night in general, and the world at night. Depending on what time your period is, how dark is it out at night? Because boy–

JOHN: It’s probably really dark.

CRAIG: Your movie that took place in Colorado in the 1800s at night, it’s pitch black. If it’s overcast and the moon is dark–

JOHN: I feel like so often, writers never have been outdoors at true night, like out of the city at night, and you’re like, “Oh, man, it’s dark.”

CRAIG: It is dark, but also you do have the sky itself if it is not overcast. You have a setting– You don’t see this very often in Westerns, and I think it’s in part because it would look fake. At night, clear sky, back before light pollution, the world’s a planetarium. You can see stars ahead of you. It’s gorgeous. I only know that because I’ve been to Alaska, which is as close as we can get to that. It’s insane. You just don’t see that. I think I know because it just would look fake.

JOHN: Money. What was the money? Do people have currency? How are they doing this? How do they handle money? It’s always so weird to me that people’s entire life savings were in their pockets or in a box.

CRAIG: Of course, buried under a floorboard.

JOHN: How much things cost relative to wages? You don’t understand that people used to spend half their money on food.

CRAIG: Also, Louis CK. Are we allowed to cite Louis CK? He had this great bit about how in Westerns, somebody would come in to a saloon and ask for food for their horse, and a beer, a meal, a shave, a room, and then you would just hand a guy one coin. The guy’s like, “You got it.” The guy would bite the coin, and then you’re like, “Done.” What is that coin? Also, he’s like, the guy never adds up all those things. He’s like, yes, you’re actually short one, or I owe you two subcoins for this.

JOHN: I’m going to clip off a piece of that coin.

CRAIG: Everybody just vaguely was like, “That’s about a coin.” Two, better.

JOHN: You’re looking at who could own property is always a question. Obviously, it was only the white man who could own property. Even in Downton Abbey, the whole premise of Downton Abbey is based on the fact that Lady Mary can’t inherit Downton Abbey because of the entail, which prohibited a daughter from inheriting it. Do people smell? People always smell.

CRAIG: Oh, the smell thing. I think about this all the time.

JOHN: In your show, right now, they’re in a civilization where they have some running water, but otherwise, they would have been smelling a lot.

CRAIG: Yes. We presume that if you’re in a civilized settlement, like, say, Jackson, not only do you have laundry, and you showed a lot of laundry and cleaning, but you’ve also probably rummaged a whole ton of deodorant. It’s not like there are stores full of it that you can go rummage through. Maybe they’ve even started to make their own. The issue is more like when you’re dealing with, say, let’s go back to your little town in Colorado in the 1800s, everybody stank. Because everybody stank, nobody stinks.

JOHN: Nobody stank. It’s not notable.

CRAIG: I think about it all the time. I also have this thing about people that start kissing as soon as they wake up.

JOHN: We’ve heard this on the podcast.

CRAIG: On my show-

JOHN: Doesn’t happen.

CRAIG: -when two people woke up and wanted to kiss, one of them said, “No, morning breath.” “I don’t care.” “I’m not–” and I see it all. Why do people do it? I understand why they want to do it, but it’s not cool. Do you just immediately start kissing your wife when you wake up?

JOHN: Me?

CRAIG: Yes.

JOHN: All the time.

CRAIG: Oh, gross.

JOHN: No, never. We’ve both got night guards in.

CRAIG: Sexy.

JOHN: Playing it against each other.

CRAIG: Melissa wears this thing to prevent snoring. It does not work that well. It’s like a hockey tooth guard. It’s massive. She’s like, [mimics heavy breathing]. Oh my God. Sexy.

JOHN: It’s good stuff. Finally, talking about language and voice. This is a thing where you can just go way out, drop the deep end. Can you define something that makes the audience believe that they are speaking properly for the space that they’re in, and yet the audience can actually understand what they’re saying? That’s where I feel like you have to be aware of what the conventions are in other film and TV that the audience have seen, so it doesn’t seem weird.

You can make a very compelling argument for the accent should act like a British person who is speaking in the 1800s should have actually had a New York accent, but we’re not going to hear it right. That’s the reality.

CRAIG: I love the use of language in The Crucible, the
Daniel Day-Lewis version. I don’t know if it’s accurate, but I assume it’s accurate. People often would say, “I were,” instead of “I was.” I were, which we never say.

JOHN: But we can understand it.

CRAIG: We can understand it. It was so specific, and it felt– I have to assume it was accurate. It was such a lovely way of placing us in a different time, but completely understandable.

JOHN: Wrap this up to say that you, as the writer, are going to be making some of these initial decisions, but there are going to be so many more people who have to weigh in on them. A director, a production designer, historians, subject experts, props, the horse person.

CRAIG: The horse person, the picture car person, everybody.

JOHN: You need to be both able to explain and defend your choices, but also be adaptable to other people, their expertise, and make sure you’re just all rowing in the same direction, which may not be your initial direction, but is a good direction.

CRAIG: I will say that costume people, props people, those two in particular, get so excited about period stuff because it’s such a way to zero in. You just have to make sure that sometimes they don’t just turn it into an ’80s museum. With Chernobyl, we were just like, “Look, accuracy, 100%. Don’t feel like we have to push anything.” Did some people in the Soviet Union in the ’80s wear very bad suits? Of course, but people wear very bad suits now. Don’t give them very bad suits. Give them suits that were correct to a normal dressed-in person then.

JOHN: Agreed. All right, let’s move on to some listener questions. The first couple of these are actually about period stuff.

CRAIG: Okay.

JOHN: Eliza writes, “I’m writing a series that follows a family over several generations from present day to the 1930s. I know the arcs for each character, but I’m struggling with how to move between decades in a way that feels elegant feels elegant and motivated by theme without being too on-the-nose. Do you have any advice for transitioning across several timelines in a television series so it feels organic and thematically connected?” This is a television series.

CRAIG: Well, I guess the first question would be, are you moving within decades within an episode, or is it episode to episode that is a different decade?

JOHN: Let’s talk about why we’re asking those questions. Because if each episode is its own decade, I think you have a lot more latitude to just, you’re just restarting things, and the audience is with you. If you have to move between decades within episodes, that’s more challenging. The thematics, I think about the overall, what is the question that you’re trying to address in this episode or in this series overall, and those aren’t necessarily the transitions I’m worried about. I think actually the visual, auditory, story transitions are really what you need to focus on because if it’s– The bad example is I open a door, and then I open the door in the earlier period as we’re moving back and forth. Those things, the audience can understand what you’re doing.

CRAIG: If you’re inside of an episode and you’re going between decades, it’s the same game you play if you’re not moving between decades. The game is, what would make this interesting from here to here? There’s certain versions where you cut to black, start playing, fade up on a song from the 1960s, fade up, you’re in the 1960s. There’s the visual version where there’s a 2025 bus that’s– you’re looking at it as it pulls forward and stops, and then you cut around to the side and starts pulling away. There’s a billboard for cigarettes on the side of the bus, and you look around, oh my God, we’re in a different time. Play the games. Just play the games.

JOHN: See what feels right and natural. Since you’re saying it’s a family over several generations, you’re probably going to see young and old versions of the same characters, and that can work, but can also be really challenging. Just be mindful of, we’re seeing two characters who are roughly in the same space, but you think they’re going to be different actors. Just be mindful of what we’re actually seeing on screen, because if you have the 30-year-old and the 40-year-old version of a character, that’s a hard thing to distinguish.

CRAIG: That’s just clothes. If they are two different actors, then you can use objects. One actor takes his watch off, it’s all scuffed and scratched, and then the next shot is somebody putting that watch on, it’s brand new, and it’s like, okay, it’s him. It’s just from 30 years ago or something. Use props. Use wipes. Natural wipes, not Star Wars wipes. Use music. Music is a big one.

JOHN: Music helps a lot. Makes you feel like you’re in a
consistent, intentional place, and you’re moving from one thing to the next.

CRAIG: That actually ties back into something interesting about what we said earlier. Music is one of those areas where, if you are using a song to signify a time change, you actually have to use an iconic song. It doesn’t have to be the most overplayed song ever, but it needs to immediately go, “I’m from this time.” Not, “What decade was that from?” Because there are songs where you’re like, “I’m not really sure what decade that’s from.”

JOHN: Absolutely. There’s a lot of early rock and roll that could be from any of those.

CRAIG: It could be from anywhere.

JOHN: Nick has a question about period dialogue. “It seems like most films default to Shakespeare lite when it comes to dialogue for anything set before 1900. If John and Craig were doing something set in the past, like about a barbarian tribe during the Roman Empire, how realistic would they get in using the language of the actual time? How do you strike a balance between accuracy and specificity to the era while still making the dialogue understandable to the audience?” What Nick’s describing is we default to an RRP, received pronunciation, for a lot of historical things.

CRAIG: Ish.

JOHN: Ish, yes.

CRAIG: He said before 1900. I’m thinking, no. Westerns mostly take place in the late 1800s, and people aren’t talking like Shakespeare.

JOHN: We’ve established a Southern Western sound for the West, and if you’re in that general space, you’re okay. To a specific example of a barbarian tribe during the Roman Empire, you would probably want to have one voice that sounds like the Roman. Assuming everyone’s speaking the same language, we think it’s a reasonable choice. One voice for the Romans, and I think we have as an audience an expectation that they’re going to speak in a– that Rome is England, and so therefore, in our minds, it’s England. Therefore, the higher status people are going to speak more what we associate with a higher status British person, and lower class people will speak in lower class accents.

CRAIG: Because the English language is stratified by class in the UK version, we do tend to use RP to mean powerful, wealthy, educated, and then your East London to be rabble. At times, it borders on offensive. For instance, especially if you grew up in East London, where a lot of cool people live. Lord of the Rings, which I love, has this thing where the orcs are all cockney, and it’s insane. That’s what?

JOHN: Dwarves are either Scottish or Irish.

CRAIG: Dwarves are Scottish. The hobbits are southwest England. They’re Bristol and stuff like that. Mr. Frodo. I don’t know Mr. Frodo. Also, pirates, weirdly, are all from somewhere there, like Devon. I think they’re all from Devon for some reason or something like that. I don’t quite think that’s fair. On the other hand, you are implying they’re all part of a cluster because the orcs all grow up together. It would seem bizarre if the orcs were like, “I say, I do believe there’s man flesh out there. Let us feast tonight.” The Aragorn was like, “Oy, we just got to move on.” It would be stupid.

JOHN: Again, we approach everything with a set of expectations. If you’re going to abandon those expectations, you’ve got to have a really good reason to do it. In Nick’s example, if we have the barbarians, then the barbarians probably have a German tint to their accent. They have something that they’re probably still speaking English, but they’re speaking with an accent that implies that they have a just as good space.

CRAIG: Therein also is a problem. This was something that we dealt with on Chernobyl very early on. If you speak English, asking somebody to do an accent that is outside of their accent is fine if they’re good at it. Some actors are not good at it, and what you end up with is the Boston Syndrome. The Boston Syndrome, I don’t think, has ever been overcome by any film. Even films that were written by and performed by almost exclusively people from Boston still suffer from Boston Syndrome.

Good Will Hunting has Robin Williams in it, and he does not know how to do a Boston accent, but he tries. RIP, wonderful man, great performance, horrible Boston accent. Those guys knew it, and they were like, “Eh, what are you going to do?” The Boston Syndrome is real. When you ask a group of actors to say, you’re all going to be doing English, but this is slight German. Some of them will be fine, and some of them will be horrible. Now you have the Boston Syndrome.

JOHN: It’s a danger. Last question about period stuff. This one comes from Concerned. “My screenplay takes place during the American Civil War, and while its main story doesn’t focus on slavery itself, people that are slaves are featured in the script. My question is, how should I refer to them? Enslaved person feels modern in a way that could take people out of the moment and may confuse people, but simply referring to them as slaves feels wrong. Roast the question if I’m overthinking it.”

I think there’s two things we’re getting at. You have characters in your story who are enslaved, and I think you can say enslaved as far as scene description, but they need to actually just be character characters, and the fact that they are enslaved should not be the defining aspect of their characters. The people who are referring to them in the course of the story would refer to them as slaves because they’re not going to say, you can’t use modern words for these characters who are in this world where they would say slaves.

CRAIG: This feels a little bit crazy. Whether or not there is some sort of careful language that says we no longer call enslaved people slaves, although they are, that’s what they are. It’s bad. Being a slave is a horrible situation. No one’s saying, “You’re a slave,” and therefore, ha, ha, ha. That’s what everybody called people who were enslaved, and specifically at that time, that’s what everybody called them. In fact, that is what everyone has called people who have been enslaved up until, I don’t know, maybe let’s say 10 years ago.
If you’re writing a script that takes place then, and you are– even if you’re saying just in your description enslaved persons, you’re going to look wrong. Art is not here to conform to academic standards or anything. Art is here to express life, and that is what life was.

JOHN: The term enslaved person, it makes sense for why we want to foreground the fact that these are actual people and human beings who exist independently of their current situation of being enslaved. That makes total sense. In the context of the people inside world of this movie, they’re not going to have that information. Make sure that whatever you’re doing, as the person setting this up, you are being mindful of the reason we want to think of these people as human beings and treat them with the respect that all human beings need.

CRAIG: Unless your movie is making an argument for slavery, I really don’t think this is a problem. Also, I don’t think anybody is going to see the word “enslaved person” and not think slave. Ultimately, the information is exactly the same. You do what is true to that time. Therefore, people, let’s say, in late 1910s, when World War I is going on, they might call their German neighbors Huns. What I wouldn’t do in that script is say, every time in parentheses, slanderous against or crude against German because it’s just– Put yourself in the time. Put yourself in that place. Be inside of it. Be true to it. Don’t let that other stuff-

JOHN: Your instinct to never minimize the characters who are enslaved, to have that one identity of being enslaved, is the right instinct. I just feel like you’re not going to need to use that word in your scene description, probably at all. They have names.

CRAIG: They have names. Also, they’re people. That’s how you show that they’re people. Let’s say you are like someone’s riding by on a horse. They pass a field. Slaves are working. You’re saying enslaved people are working. It takes me out of the world that I’m in because, theoretically, it’s not you saying those people are doing something. It’s the people going by who are thinking it or observing it. It still has to sit within the context of those people.

JOHN: At the same time, in saying that, the sense that you don’t want people to be set dressing. Making sure that if there are people working in the field, find something more interesting than just that because then they do feel like set dressing.

CRAIG: Sometimes background is set dressing. That’s fair. There’s a movie in prison, and somebody’s walking by, and there are a lot of prisoners. Now, people can say a lot of imprisoned people. Sure, but there are a lot of them, and they are set dressing because they’re filling the world out in a natural way. In fact, sometimes showing how many people are just anonymously left to wither away or suffer is in and of itself interesting. It’s not like in Schindler’s List. All those people in the camp had names or anything. No, they didn’t. They were just continuation victims.

JOHN: All right. It’s time for our One Cool Thing. For our One Cool Thing, I have two examples of some new thinking when it comes to alternative power that I thought were both really cool, and I’d never heard about them before. The first is this thing called standard thermal. Right now, we can put up a bunch of solar, and you can get really cheap electricity out of solar, which is great. It’s the cheapest way you can get power for things. The challenge is when you have all that power, you can store it in batteries for a while. If you’re in a place where you need power other times of the year or you need heat other times of the year, what do you do with that extra capacity that you have?

This place called Standard Thermal, their thing is they use extra capacity to basically just generate heat, and they pump it into the dirt, which sounds like it would not work very well, but apparently, you can just store a bunch of heat in dirt. During summer months, you make a bunch of hot dirt, and then you use that hot dirt to create heat for the winter months.

CRAIG: Dirt just stays hot?

JOHN: Yes. You basically pile up, and you make these big dirt piles.

CRAIG: The outside parts of the dirt are insulating the inside parts of the dirt?

JOHN: Yes. Then you basically just pump the heat out of there to use as heating in buildings for the winter months.

CRAIG: How do you pump heat out of dirt?

JOHN: You’re running water or coolant, or you’re basically running–

CRAIG: Coils of water through it.

JOHN: Yes.

CRAIG: It doesn’t lose the heat over time, or just heat
loses it slowly.

JOHN: It holds enough onto it. Again, they’ve just built some test projects there in Oklahoma. What’s smart about it is, it’s just so cheap. It’s a cheap and very-

CRAIG: It’s dirt cheap.

JOHN: It’s literally dirt cheap.

CRAIG: I can’t believe I made Drew laugh.
[laughter]

JOHN: What I like about it is it’s just engineering, and you don’t have to invent anything new. You could do it on a site, and you’re not trying to pump stuff. You’re not trying to move electricity all around the world.

CRAIG: You don’t need rare earth materials to make fancy batteries or anything like that. You just–

JOHN: Battery technology has gotten really good. For when you need power at night, batteries are fantastic. When you need power in February and there’s not enough sun, this seems like a really good way of generating at least heat, which is some of what you need in a lot of places.

CRAIG: That makes all sense.

JOHN: The second energy thing, which I thought was cool, is this company called Pantalasa. I’m going to show you the picture to correct you, so you can see it. It are these nodes that float in the ocean. They look like these spheres with long tails. They basically just bob up and down in the waves. In bobbing them down constantly, they’re just constantly generating power.

CRAIG: Oh, that’s really interesting.

JOHN: Isn’t that so clever?

CRAIG: It’s basically just some electromagnet in there that’s moving up and down.

JOHN: Yes. Actually, what it’s doing is water gets pulled up, and then it gets shot out. It’s spinning these turbines.

CRAIG: Spinning a little flywheel or something.

JOHN: The free float, in fact, generates a ton of power.

CRAIG: Then there’s a battery inside that’s getting–

JOHN: The question is, it’s really easy to generate power on these things, but how do you get the power off of those things? One of the ways they could do it is use the power of electricity to create hydrogen. Then every so often, you send a boat through to pick up the hydrogen.

CRAIG: That’s a little explosive.

JOHN: Yes, but liquid hydrogen, they’ve actually done enough stuff figuring out how to handle that more safely. The other potentially really good use is maybe you don’t need to get power.

CRAIG: How do you get liquid hydrogen, though? You have to really reduce the temperature dramatically.

JOHN: I’m saying liquid hydrogen. I think it’s just compressed hydrogen. I don’t know.

CRAIG: That’s explosive.

JOHN: There’s ways to do it because hydrogen adds an alternative fuel power. It’s the thing that we’re doing more.

CRAIG: I love the idea of that wave motion.

JOHN: The other thing which is potentially smart for it is maybe you don’t actually need to get the power off that. Maybe you can just use that to do power, where you can just use it on the site. You can use it for direct carbon capture. You actually are just pulling carbon dioxide out of the air and converting it that way, or you could use it for long-term computing capacity because basically, you could compute on these things and then just satellites or whatever and beam it to other places.

CRAIG: You could surround an oil rig with these, and then you could use it to pump more oil. No?

JOHN: No.

CRAIG: Okay. Just you know, it’s just brainstorming.

JOHN: Right now, we don’t have good ways. I don’t have wireless. I don’t have electricity to transmit any power, but we can transmit data. If you could do a lot of compute-intensive stuff on one of these things, great.

CRAIG: We know this, that there is a massive amount of energy created by the moon because the moon moves the water around. If we could just start harnessing that, wow. That’s just wonderful. Big wave-capturing spinning wheels. It’s going to screw up some beaches and stuff. Who cares? Just the tide coming in and out, water flowing. I don’t know. It just feels like you’d be able to do it.

JOHN: The other thing I saw recently was the proposal for not a thing we were ready to build yet. Basically, you can just take a silicon that’s the size of a cafeteria tray. One side is just basically the silicon is used as a solar cell. The back side is just used as computer processing. You can just stick them in space, and they actually just float around and do useful, valuable things.

CRAIG: That’s nice. Maybe help us with generating everything through AI. Thank God.

JOHN: Thank God. You have an electric thing here, too. Talk about this.

CRAIG: I do have an electric thing here. I’m not a huge car guy, but I do get excited when they start to make electric cars really cool. We have a gazillion uncool electric cars out there, which is fine. They’re doing great. Baidu is making $20,000 a second. Tesla is making plenty that just sit there and do nothing because nobody wants them anymore, lol. Audi has a concept car. A lot of times, these concept cars are like, “We’re never making this.” They’re making this. It’s called Concept C. It is an all-electric roadster.

JOHN: It’s a roadster, I was going to say.

CRAIG: With a hard convertible top that looks like it folds in and retracts. It is so cool-looking.

JOHN: I would say it’s sexy, but it looks uncomfortable to me.

CRAIG: There’s no back seat or anything. I think it’s probably very comfortable for the person driving and the person right next to that person. There’s no space for anybody else. It looks so cool. It looks like an actual future car. The other thing I like about it is in the interior, they’re adopting this thing that I guess Mercedes or BMW had initiated. I think this will be the trend moving forward called Shy technology. The idea of shy technology is, no, we’re not going to put some massive screen in the middle of the dashboard and go, “Look, it’s our technology.” We just blend it in nicely. It’s muted, and it’s a screen. It’s not screaming at you. It’s not huge. There are still some physical buttons.

When my younger daughter and I went to go buy her her first car, one of her must-haves physically, manipulable air vents. She’s like, “I don’t want one of these cars where I have to go into menus to move air vents around. I just want to be able to grab a thing and move it to get the air on me or off of me.”

JOHN: I understand that tone.

CRAIG: That’s a good example where I think actually our hands work better than technology. I don’t need technology to tell me where the air goes. Anyway, this car looks fantastic. I do have one other bonus, one cool.

JOHN: Oh my gosh. This is a rare treat. Coming with not one but two.

CRAIG: Our friend, Derek Hass, has a show called Countdown on Amazon.

JOHN: Derek Hass, who is responsible for the Chicago universe.

CRAIG: Every week, we watch it together. Melissa and I and Derek and Christy watch together in my house and have a blast. So much fun. The season is almost over. This comes out on Tuesday. Last episode is Wednesday. The specific one cool thing is that Countdown within its season, and I believe it’s 13 episodes, does something that I don’t recall another show like this ever doing. Structurally, it innovates something that I actually think is genius. I wonder if it will catch on. Other people will notice what it did. I think it’s a very smart thing. I won’t spoil it. I’ll spoil it off the air for you guys, but I won’t spoil it here for our viewers.

JOHN: People should check out Countdown on Amazon Prime Video. We’re supposed to just say Prime Video rather than Amazon Prime Video, but I always say Amazon.

CRAIG: We’re saying Amazon. We’re not even saying Prime Video. It’s Amazon.

JOHN: We’re saying Amazon now.

CRAIG: It’s Amazon. What are they going to do? Take away my Prime?

JOHN: That is our program for this week. Script notice is produced by Drew Marquardt, edited by Matthew Chilelli. Our outro this week is by Whit Morless. If you do an outro, you can send us a link to Ask@johnaugust.com.

CRAIG: It’s done by program.

JOHN: I know. I didn’t hear our program.

CRAIG: I was shocked. Keep going.

JOHN: Ask@johnaugust.com is also where you can send questions like the ones we answered today. You’ll find the transcripts at johnaugust.com along with a sign-up for our weekly newsletter called Interesting, which has lots of links to things about writing. You’ll find clips and other helpful video on our YouTube. Just search for Script Notes and give us a follow. You’ll also find us on Instagram at Scriptnotes podcast. We have T-shirts and hoodies, and drinkwear. Craig, I’m sorry we’re not using the drinkwear today for this episode.

CRAIG: I have a lovely glass here.

JOHN: You’ll find them at Cotton Bureau. You’ll find the show notes with the links to all the things we talked about today in the email you get each week as a premium subscriber. Thank you to all the premium subscribers. You make it possible for us to do this each and every week. We have a cool thing, I think we’re going to try in the next couple of weeks for our premium subscribers. Stay put. You’re going to get a little advanced sneak preview of a new thing we’re going to try.
You can sign up to become a premium subscriber at scriptnotes.net, where you get all the back episodes and bonus segments like the one we’re about to record on Witches. A reminder, if you are the designer, who I should be hiring on for this project, please click through the link to look at that. If you’re a student who is at a university right now and wants to try Highland for free, just go to “apps” and click on Highland. You’ll find all the student licensing information there, or just install Highland and click on the student license button. That would also work. That works. Craig, thanks for a fun show

CRAIG: Thank you for a fun program. All right.
[music]

JOHN: Okay, Season of the Witch, we are going to talk through iconic witches, and we’re going to rank them in [unintelligible 01:03:51] here. You can get [unintelligible 01:03:52] tier A, B, C, or D.

CRAIG: We call that S tier.

JOHN: S tier.

CRAIG: S tier.

JOHN: Wow. S tier. What does S mean for you? Superior?

CRAIG: Yes. That’s just straight from video game.

JOHN: Oh, yes. 100% S tier. All right. You had proposed that we needed to add on a witch who was not originally on my list.

CRAIG: Yes. Of course. Well, it’s Meryl Streep. How can you not?

JOHN: Give us the case for her and where you want to put her in.

CRAIG: Well, I don’t know what the other witches are, but she is a tragic figure who both creates the problem of everything and also leads to the solution of everything.

JOHN: She’s the witch from Into the Woods. Does she have a name independent of that? Just a witch? Witch.

CRAIG: She has this gorgeous relationship with her daughter, who turns out to be Rapunzel. You feel so much for her. She sings two of the best songs in the show.

JOHN: Witch, iconic. Iconic is the-

CRAIG: If you are a musical fan, she is the most iconic witch there is.

JOHN: No, that absolutely cannot be true.

CRAIG: I disagree with you.

JOHN: We’re going to go through the list.

CRAIG: I know because you’re going to say Elphaba.

JOHN: I’m going to say Elphaba. We’ll get to Elphaba in a
second. You put her S tier. I would put her-

CRAIG: She’s S tier. Elphaba is A-tier because of Defying Gravity and for that reason only.

JOHN: You’re putting her S tier. I’m going to put the witch from Into the Woods at B-tier just because she was not even– We thought about this for a while, and she didn’t even enter my consciousness. All right, let’s go to the ones who are already on the list. Bellatrix Lestrange, played by Helena Bonham Carter in the Harry Potter franchise.

CRAIG: I don’t even think of her as a witch because that movie is full of women who have magic who are all theoretically witches.

JOHN: Is she C or D?

CRAIG: She’s D because she doesn’t really impact the story that much, and I don’t think of her specifically as a witch.

JOHN: Cersei.

CRAIG: Oh, wow. Cersei is a sorceress, but we’ll go ahead. Cersei is so classic and is about to have a moment, I assume, once Odyssey comes along. I’m going to go with A-tier.

JOHN: Oh, okay. That’s higher than I would guess. Cersei, she polymorphs people a lot.

CRAIG: She’s classic. She turns you into a pig.

JOHN: She does turn you into a pig. There’s a book about her that people love.

CRAIG: I don’t even know that book.

JOHN: Oh, it’s about Cersei. It’s a big seller. I’ll go A. I think she’s the oldest in terms of-

CRAIG: Exactly. She’s the orig.

JOHN: All right. Now we’re at Elphaba. I cannot believe you think she’s anything less than S tier.

CRAIG: She’s A-tier because she sings a great song, but she’s derived from an S-tier witch.

JOHN: Okay. Let’s combine them as one character. I think-

CRAIG: Whoa. Hold on. You can’t.

JOHN: Wicked Witch. Oh, so we can’t?

CRAIG: No, no, no.

JOHN: Elphaba does not exist without the Wicked Witch of the West.

CRAIG: Exactly. This is my point. Elphaba is a modern reimagining of the Wicked Witch of the West, but the Wicked Witch of the West from the bound books and most importantly, the movie, that’s S-tier.

JOHN: Wicked Witch of the West is clearly S tier, but I think they are– I can’t separate the two.

CRAIG: I’m giving Elphaba a gift by making her A-tier because she is derivative of it.

JOHN: We are in agreement that Wicked Witch of the West is S-tier because it’s who you picture when you think of a witch.

CRAIG: That is the witch.

JOHN: You’re putting Elphaba at A-tier. I guess I can see that if we had Elphaba without everything else around her, great. Hermione Granger from Harry Potter.

CRAIG: Again, it’s tough, I guess technically a witch. If we consider her a witch, then she’s– I’m going to say B-tier because I don’t think her magic is necessarily the thing that makes her awesome.

JOHN: The Sanderson sisters, otherwise the Hocus Pocus cutout.

CRAIG: Oh, well, I think they’re C-tier. I think they’re just a little cartoon for me.

JOHN: They’re not who I go to first for this. Drew, you’re welcome to chime in here if we’re getting something [crosstalk].

DREW: I just feel like I’m going to get so much mail on that one. With Hocus Pocus, I didn’t grow up with Hocus Pocus.

JOHN: I didn’t grow up with Hocus Pocus. It was around.

CRAIG: I remember it coming out, and I remember it not being particularly successful. Then I think over time, it became a cult thing, and it’s super campy. They should have had it in summer camp. It’s fun for people to dress up because it’s a great dress up. They were parodies of witches. They weren’t real witches to me.

JOHN: I do feel like C is too low for somebody who– It’s a seminal and important witch image for a generation.

CRAIG: I’m not in that generation.

JOHN: I think they might be B for our safety.

CRAIG: I’m excited for the hate mail.

JOHN: Maleficent.

CRAIG: Oh, well.

JOHN: Technically, Maleficent is an evil fairy, but she’s
coded as a witch.

CRAIG: Maleficent isn’t a great character, to be honest with you, from the original Snow White story. Angelina Jolie’s version, they try to zhuzh it up. I’ll give her a B just because, in her old lady image, handing out the apple, she’s spectacular.

JOHN: Oh, no, you’re conflating her with the witch. Maleficent is the villain in Sleeping Beauty. She has the crow. She has this.

CRAIG: Right. Maleficent. Sleeping Beauty isn’t a great story. Just the original.

JOHN: The challenge of it, you have your protagonist who is knocked out.

CRAIG: I don’t think there’s anything particularly special about her.

JOHN: C or D.

CRAIG: I’m going to put her in D, actually. Not a big fan.

JOHN: Morgan le Fay.

CRAIG: Well, I can’t put her into S because I put Cersei up there for historical versions. I’m going to say Morgan le Fay as a horror witch goes into A. She’s pretty amazing. If you’re a King Arthur fan, which I am.

JOHN: Again, an horror witch in the sense of she’s establishing a lot of templates for what we’ll explain this. Here, I originally had Sabrina the Teenage Witch. My daughter was like, “Oh, no, it has to be Selena Gomez’s character
from Wizards of Waverly Place. I’m going to put them in as a group component of–

CRAIG: Nickelodeon/Disney Teen Witches?

JOHN: Absolutely. A young TV show teen witch.

CRAIG: We might as well throw in Bewitched.

JOHN: Bewitched separately.

CRAIG: Okay. B, they’re fun, but not great for me.

JOHN: They are a teenager plus.

CRAIG: Yes.

JOHN: All right. Next up, we have Samantha Stevens, the protagonist of Bewitched.

CRAIG: I love Bewitched.

JOHN: I love Bewitched, too. Dora, come on. Paul Lind, oh my God, his uncle.

CRAIG: Paul Lind anything. [chuckles] I love her. Also, I love the sitcomy vibe as opposed to the adult sitcomy vibe. There was an interesting proto-feminism thing going on there.

JOHN: There really is. Also, just the sanitizing of witches. They’re like, “Oh, they made a show about a witch,” but this is in a conservative time.

CRAIG: Yes, but happily before Satanic Panic hit in the 80s. I’m going to say A.

JOHN: I think it’s fair.

CRAIG: I think she’s A.

JOHN: I think she did some good stuff here.

CRAIG: Yes.

JOHN: Next, we have Wanda Maximoff, the Scarlet Witch of the Marvel Universe.

CRAIG: Not a witch. Just can move stuff around with red.

JOHN: It’s interesting because if you look at her role in the Marvel Universe, particularly in WandaVision and more so in– particularly in WandaVision, they really were trying to pull the– to emphasize the witch aspects of it.

CRAIG: Agatha is a witch. I think of The Scarlet Witch as
not a witch, but a woman who can move stuff around using her red power. She’s incredibly powerful. If we were going on power alone, she’s S.

JOHN: She’s not doing a lot of witch stuff. That’s the thing, whereas as opposed to Agatha is doing witch stuff.

CRAIG: I’m going to say C.

JOHN: I think C feels fair for this.

CRAIG: Do you have the witches from Macbeth in here?

JOHN: I don’t have the witches from Macbeth. Okay.

CRAIG: Those three witches over a bubbling cauldron. Bubble toil and trouble.

JOHN: I like that for them. They’re iconic in the sense of the image. They are a coven. They are doing that [crosstalk] stuff. They have no real power. They’re just foretelling things.

CRAIG: Yes, but they’re pretty witchy. They’ve got a cauldron. Just the iconography of the cauldron alone. Just witches stirring a brew in a cauldron, there’s no-

JOHN: Baba Yaga, I think, exists independently of that. It may be an older story.

CRAIG: Baba Yaga also is incredible. Kind of a witch but not really. Do we have the witch from Hansel and Gretel?

JOHN: We don’t have the witch.

CRAIG: That’s S+++. To me, that’s the ultimate witch.

JOHN: She lives in a candy house.

CRAIG: No, she builds a candy house to lure them and then shoves them in an oven and eats them. S+.

JOHN: It’s a good fairytale witch. Can they compete with Wendy the Good Little Witch?

CRAIG: I love Wendy the Good Little Witch. I loved Harvey Comics. First of all, I love that Harvey Comics was called Harvey Comics. They didn’t even try. There’s Marvel, there’s DC, Harvey. Just some guy. “Harvey, what should we call this? Me, call it after me.”

JOHN: There’s a great movie to be made about either Harvey Comics or a fictional version of Harvey Comics. They’re desperately trying to compete against–

CRAIG: They had great stuff. They had Richie Rich, which I loved. They had Casper the Friendly Ghost, and then Casper Sidekick.

JOHN: Wendy the Good Little Witch.

CRAIG: Wendy was adorable. A. She was good, and she was legitimately a witch.

JOHN: I have no sense of what her actual abilities or powers were. They were just–

CRAIG: Same, but you know what? The word witch is in her name, and she actually was a witch. She wasn’t like Scarlet Witch, where she’s just like, “Oh, it’s a fun name.”

JOHN: I remember our last two on the official list. We have the White Witch from the Narnia movies.

CRAIG: Oh, I always think of her as the Snow Queen. Was she called the White Witch?

JOHN: She’s both.

CRAIG: She was fantastic. I would not know what Turkish delight is if not for her.

JOHN: I know about it.

CRAIG: I’ve had Turkish delight. It’s fine. I don’t quite know if it’s something I would sell my family out for. Edmund, you little bastard. I just love that in that version, CS Lewis was like, “Okay, so this is Jesus, and this is Satan. Oh, this is Judas. Now, what should be the 30 pieces of silver? Turkish delight.” That’s awesome. He made it candy. She’s great. She’s an A.

JOHN: I think she’s an A. She’s identified as a witch, but we don’t see her doing–

CRAIG: She petrifies.

JOHN: She petrifies. That’s her big skill, and she actually clearly has world-shaking power, which is great.

CRAIG: Yes, and she’s Satan.

JOHN: Let’s wrap it up with Willow Rosenberg from Puffy the Vampire Slayer.

CRAIG: This is a huge blind spot for me.

JOHN: Oh, yes. I’ve seen every bit of it. I will say Willow is iconic in the sense of she enters as a nerd who then gets into witchcraft just to help out, and then that pulls her into the dark side. It’s metaphors of addiction. Then she has a witchy lesbian lover. Fantastic stuff throughout. I think she is genuinely iconic in her overall play.

CRAIG: This is what I know that people love the Buffyverse. I’m going to admit something. I don’t know any of it. Then there’s so much because there’s Buffy and there’s Angel. I got to tell you, the only times I interact with it, people that make puzzles really dig Buffy. Sometimes datasets will happen where there’s a puzzle, and you’re trying to figure out how do these things go together. It’s like, well, there’s a willow tree, and then there’s an angel heart. Like, “Wait, all these are names from the Bu–” I’ve picked up stuff from that, but I feel bad.

JOHN: I’m putting Willow in A safely. The reason she’s not S-tier is that she’s still a relatable human. The young woman that we’re rooting for. She’s not just an iconic witch at all times. Our S-tiers are the Wicked Witch of the West.

CRAIG: I think so.

JOHN: You say–

CRAIG: The Weird Sisters from Macbeth.

JOHN: The Weird Sisters from Macbeth. Then did we put–

CRAIG: I put the Hansel and Gretel witch up there.

JOHN: Hansel and Gretel witch. Again, they’re iconic. They’re Halloween witches, all of them.

CRAIG: Exactly. All three of them look like Halloween witches to me in my mind.

JOHN: Good. Useful. We’ll put a little graphic up there for people to enjoy.

CRAIG: Now the emails come.

JOHN: Now the emails come from our premium members.

CRAIG: Could you not mention the–

JOHN: Because we didn’t think about it.

CRAIG: Because we didn’t think about it. What do you want from us?

JOHN: Craig and Drew, thank you for figuring out which witch is which on our program.

CRAIG: On our program.

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