• Skip to primary navigation
  • Skip to main content
  • Skip to primary sidebar

John August

  • Arlo Finch
  • Scriptnotes
  • Library
  • Store
  • About

Search Results for: hero main character protagonist

Scriptnotes, Episode 659: Big Money Movies with Marielle Heller, Transcript

November 19, 2024 Scriptnotes Transcript

The original post for this episode can be found here.

John August: Hello and welcome. My name is John August and you’re listening to Episode 659 of Scriptnotes, a podcast about screenwriting and things that are interesting to screenwriters.

Often, in film and television, our protagonists are facing economic hardship. Today on the show, what if your hero’s problem is too much money? We’ll look at three stories in the news about excessive fame and fortune and ask, how would this be a movie? This week, we have a ringer to help us answer this question. Mari Heller is a writer and director whose credits include Diary of a Teenage Girl, Can You Ever Forgive Me? and A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood. Her new film is Nightbitch, which just debuted at Toronto. Welcome back, Mari.

Mari Heller: Yay, thanks, John. I’m so glad to be here.

John: In addition to all of your writing and directing credits, you also played MacGruber’s mom. Craig would be really upset if we did not acknowledge that you are officially canonically MacGruber’s mom.

Mari: I was expecting you were going to say Queen’s Gambit, but I like that it went to MacGruber’s mom. I appreciate it.

John: Queen’s Gambit, sure, a meaningful, dramatic role, but come on.

Mari: The most important role of my lifetime. Not the mother to my own children, but the mother to MacGruber on the MacGruber TV show on Peacock.

John: Yes, everyone can see that there today. We’re going to talk through, probably not very much MacGruber, but we’re going to talk through Nightbitch. We’re going to talk through, how would these be movies? In a bonus segment for premium members, I would love to talk film festivals because I think maybe all of your movies have gone through film festivals. Is that right?

Mari: Yes, all of them have.

John: I want to talk about film festivals, both for when you’re trying to sell a movie originally, but when you’re also trying to launch a movie into the world and what writers and directors need to think about when their movies are playing at film festivals.

Mari: That’s a good topic. I like that.

John: Yes, great. I try.

Before we get to any of that, Drew, we have actual Scriptnotes news.

Drew Marquardt: That’s right, we do. You, Craig, and I will be headed to Austin for the Austin Film Festival at the end of October. We’re going to be really busy.

John: We are going to be so, so busy. Currently, on the books, we have four official events. We have a live Scriptnotes show and a separate three-page challenge. I’m going to be doing a panel on video games and graphic novels with Jordan Mechner. Plus, there’ll be a special 25th anniversary screening of Go with a Q&A afterwards led by Matt Selman of The Simpsons fame.

Drew: Oh, that sounds great.

John: Yes, I’m really excited for all of those. If you’re going to go to Austin and you already have your festival pass, you should be able to attend all of these for free just with your pass. There’s one more thing. We are planning an afternoon event in Austin, probably on Thursday the 24th, for the launch of the next version of Highland. This one is open to everybody, but we do need you to RSVP so we can figure out the logistics and how big a space we need and other stuff. So if you are interested in coming to that, Drew, how should they get on a list?

Drew: I will put a link in the show notes for the RSVP and you can just go through there.

John: Thank you, Drew. Now, let’s get on to the other news. We’ll start with this article by Matt Belloni and Puck about Hollywood’s 10% problem. He’s referring to a study that came out a couple of weeks ago that only one-tenth of the 500-plus movies that were either released or scheduled for release by the major studios and streamers between ’22 and 2026 actually came from an internal development slate.

The movies that development executives are theoretically working on at studios, very few of those actually are the movies that they’re releasing. Often, as screenwriters, we’re thinking like, “Oh, I’m going to go off with this open writing assignment that’s at a studio,” or they have this internal idea or they’re buying a spec script. And really, very few of those movies are actually getting made.

Mari: Yes.

John: It’s funny that Disney has not created an original live-action movie franchise since National Treasure 20 years ago, so two decades for that. It feels like so much of the theoretical work that we’re doing as writers does not ever actually make it to the big screen. Did this feel true to you, Mari?

Mari: Feels true to me in my limited experience. I’m sure it does for you too. When I was starting out and had first gotten an agent based on a spec script that I wrote with a writing partner, we were constantly going out for assignment jobs. We were constantly answering every call and getting– our first paid jobs were all things that never got made. I started to see a journey where I was an employed screenwriter with nothing ever getting made, where I wrote a made-for-TV movie for Disney for YA audience.

I wrote a number of pilots that sold for the networks when it was still more of the pilot game. I was like, “Okay, this is great. I’m getting health insurance and I’m making enough money to live.” But at some point, I want actors to say these words. The purpose of writing these scripts is that I want somebody to say them out loud and for it to get recorded and maybe even somebody sees it. I started to see a situation where development hell just becomes your experience of Hollywood. That’s all you get to do is just develop, develop, develop, but nothing actually gets made.

John: Absolutely. To slice apart these numbers a little bit more. Obviously, some open writing assignments are based on studio IP. That’s probably not quite what this is here, but that it’s sense of, “I have this original idea that I’m going to take out on the town and sell as a pitch or sell as a spec script.” Very few of those are getting made, at least at the majors. Now, this study omitted A24 and Neon. Some places are also making more originals. That also probably is undercounting genre movies that are getting made. There are horror things that are at certain price points.

Mari: Horror, it’s like the exception to every rule, right?

John: Yes.

Mari: In terms of theater audiences and how they get made and how much money they make.

John: Yes. You and I were both in the same situation where, listen, I was lucky to get some movies made, but I had a lot of movies that did not get made. I know so many writers who were in the guild for years and had no credits to show for all the hard work they’ve done. I think that partially pushes people towards television where at least like, “Hey, my name is on a screen at least. The work I’m doing is being said by actors,” like you’re saying, and it’s actually out there in the world.

The other part of this study, which I thought was interesting, is there’s charts. Listen, I don’t know that we can actually verify all the data that’s in there, but they talk about how many of these movies that are greenlit really came with so many elements attached. It was almost greenlit by the time the studio bought them. They had director attachments. They had progress to production built into the thing. The studio couldn’t help but make these movies. It wasn’t that the hard work of development executives brought this thing to fruition. That’s frustrating. It also feels like it was always true in this industry that most stuff has some other aspect to it. Increasingly, everything has to be completely safe before they’ll even consider greenlighting it.

Mari: Well, I think it’s a minor miracle when anything gets made. I think it takes so many things coming together at the right time and so many pieces have to line up. Sometimes having a lot of different attachments to something, I know I do that as a filmmaker, is I try to make sure that by the time I’m trying to get something greenlit, it’s an impossible thing to say no to because everything’s already moving.

The train is already going and all of these actors have slated this into their schedule or we got this tax incentive or whatever it may be. It’s putting enough pieces together so that you feel like you can push the thing over the finish line and actually get it shot because it’s just so easy for– particularly movies is what I know more, but it’s so easy for a movie to fall apart. There’s eight million ways that it can fall apart and there’s only one way it can get made.

John: Well, let’s jump ahead, though, and talk about Nightbitch because I want to talk about this as a movie and how this came to be because this is your fourth feature film as a director?

Mari: Yes.

John: Great. You’re a known quantity. Everyone knows you know what you’re doing here, but my understanding is like this wasn’t a thing where you went to them. Instead, they came to you. Is that accurate?

Mari: Sort of. This movie is based on an incredible novel called Nightbitch by Rachel Yoder. It was her first novel, but it was a splashy-enough novel that it got on the radar of a lot of people. It was acquired by Annapurna, Sue Naegle, who was working at Annapurna at the time. Amy Adams and her company and Stacy O’Neil together both read the book and decided to option it.

John: That’s great.

Mari: So the book was optioned before I came on board, but it hadn’t even been published yet. It was one of those situations where it was an early manuscript and it had enough buzz to it that people started reading it. Amy Adams and Sue were the ones who said, “Let’s try and send this to Mari.” I hadn’t worked with Amy before, but she knew my work. She sent it to me.

Really, nothing had been done. All that had been done is it had been optioned. It was like, “Who knows if this is a movie? If anyone could make it into a movie, we think you could.” She sent me the book and I read it and came on board really early.

John: Let’s break down some of the parts of that because I think some people outside of the industry might not know who these players are and how they all fit together. Annapurna is an independent motion picture-producing entity and Sue Naegle was running it at that point. Sue Naegle was my former TV agent. Sue Naegle is fantastic. I love her to death. And it’s not surprising that they read this book when it was in manuscript because most books that sell in Hollywood sell very early on, way before they come out. Every Friday, I get this email that has summaries of all the different agencies that are covering all the different books like, “These are the books that people are talking about.”

Mari: There’s whole departments at the agencies, literary departments who cover all the books that are coming out, especially the ones that have a lot of buzz.

John: Beyond that, there are book scouts out of New York who are looking for those things. Individual producers might have their own book scouts who are hunting those things. They have bandits who try to find, “These are the areas of literature that we’re most focused on.”

Mari: Right.

John: When Yoder’s book came out and got the buzz and attention it did, it’s maybe not so surprising because the people who are the early barometers of what’s going to be cool had already read it and said, “This is going to be interesting.”

Mari: Right. I think what’s surprising about it is that it was her first novel. I think often, it’s a novel from a known entity that comes out that gets bought up quite so early. I think it was very exciting.

John: Amy Adams had read this book. Annapurna read this book. They decided together to work together to option this book. Then they need to find a filmmaker, a writer. Ideally, a writer-director. They came to you. What are those initial conversations like? Are you both feeling each other out in terms of like, “Is this a movie?” What are those conversations like?

Mari: My first initial conversations, and I can say this in this type of situation and podcast and I wouldn’t say it necessarily to everybody, but is I’m often looking for– I don’t want to get involved in projects that are so far along that I’m just being brought on as a director for hire. I really want to be able to make something my own. I want to be able to come with a vision and make something from the ground up. The fact that the first conversation I had with Amy after I read the book and I was totally moved by the book, I found it really impressive. It spoke to me in a really emotional way. I was postpartum. I was about six months postpartum on having my second kid. It was very personal in the moment that I read it.

John: What year would this have been? Is this 2020? When is this?

Mari: 2021. My daughter was born in 2020 and it was post-pandemic-ish, but still pandemic vibes around town. I was very isolated. I had moved out of the city. I was living in the woods, raising two kids. This book really spoke to me.

John: Actually, we know that you were isolated, living in the woods, because there was an episode we did of Scriptnotes where we asked a bunch of our previous guests, “Hey, during the pandemic, what the hell are you doing?” You were generous enough to tell us about moving out of the city and being in the woods and homeschooling your kids in New York with a group of other people. You’re just making it work.

Mari: You have such a good memory. Maybe you are a robot. You remember something from so many years ago on Scriptnotes. Yes, we were in a pod with another family. We were splitting up the homeschooling duties. We were each trying to get time for our creative work, which was so difficult at the time. That’s when this book got sent to me, not too long after that, once my daughter was born, and I was really home with her. Actually, Jorma was off prepping the MacGruber TV show.

He was away and I was home alone with two kids for the first time. The book, it spoke to me on an emotional level. Then when I spoke to Amy about it, it was great that she basically said to me, “I have no idea if this can be a movie or not and I don’t really know what it should be, but I would trust you to figure it out.” That was exactly what I needed to hear to also know, “Okay, this isn’t a train that’s already moving that already has everything figured out.” I get a lot of creative latitude to make my decisions.

John: Let’s talk about the decisions you’re making here because I haven’t read the book, so I’ve just seen your movie, which is fantastic, and everyone should see. Just so we don’t forget, when does it come out?

Mari: It doesn’t come out till December 6th. We’re doing the festival circuit right now. We just did TIFF. We’ll be at festivals all over, from the Hamptons to London to Middleburg and throughout the fall, and then it’ll come out in theaters on December 6th.

John: You said the book speaks to you, but what is your initial instinct about how to adapt this thing and to find your way into it?

Mari: It’s like a big internal monologue of somebody who is living as a newly stay-at-home mom and is isolated, has moved out of the city, is living in the suburbs with her son. Her husband travels for work a lot and she’s losing her mind. It wasn’t immediately clear how I would adapt it or what the form would be exactly, but I knew that the themes were something I had been wanting to explore for a while.

I’d been wanting to write a movie about motherhood and bodies and women’s aging bodies for a while. I had been toying with a number of ideas along those same themes. This just gave me enough excitement. I don’t know. I was so excited about what the book made me feel that I just was like, “I’ll figure it out.” I embarked on my adaptation without having a totally clear plan of how I was going to adapt it.

One of the first things that I realized was the central question of the book, or at least when I read the book, in my mind was, “Oh, God, have I made a horrible decision by becoming a mother? Did I screw my whole life up?” That felt like it was the central question that I was going to explore, and then that gave me some framework for what I wanted to focus on because the book has a lot more storylines and plot that happen where there’s a pyramid scheme with all the other mothers.

There’s a number of other storylines, but it became clear like, “No, this is a story about long-term relationships and parenthood and motherhood.” My central question that I want to be exploring and thinking about is, has this woman made a huge mistake by becoming a mother? Then really early on, that gave me the ending of the movie, which is not too much of a spoiler, but there’s a birth at the ending of the movie. I thought that’s the way to answer the central question is by seeing a birth. That’s something that wasn’t in the book.

John: The character’s journey gets her to a place where the idea of being a mother is not an affront to her. She comes to embrace both what she needs as a person and motherhood and able to find a unification of these two different sides of herself.

Mari: Exactly, a unification of the rage and all of the untethered parts of her that have felt like motherhood broke her apart and is able to bring them back together. If you think about that time in the world coming right out of the pandemic and I was pregnant during the pandemic and I remember I had one of my really good friends said to me, “Having a baby is the ultimate act of optimism,” and I thought, “God, that’s true.” I wasn’t feeling very optimistic about the world in that moment, and yet I was embarking on this journey of optimism by having another child. Yes, the end of the movie speaks to that choice and how you make that choice even when it doesn’t always feel like the clearest answer.

John: I want to go back to the question of, “Is this even a movie?” Because if you think about the internal monologue aspect of the book and you’re able to stage some of this as voiceover that’s directed to the audience, it could be a stage monologue. It could be what the Constitution means to me. It could be a thing where it’s ready to deliver to the audience, except that then you wouldn’t have the actual child in front of you.

I think one of the things I need to ask you a question about is, “How the hell did you get this performance out of the twins, I guess?” I’ve never seen young people on screen so much like such young people who have to actually do the thing you need them to do so that the scene could happen. As a writer who knew that they needed to direct this movie, I would never have put such young people in so many scenes, and you did. Talk to me about both the decision as a writer to, “I’m going to try this,” and as the director who actually had to pull this off. What was that process?

Mari: Well, first, I’ll say, thinking about whether this should just be a stage monologue or whether this was something that I wanted to be more of an experiential film where you get to put yourself in the shoes of a parent of a very young child and really feel what it feels like to be that person, I thought a lot about Diary and that this piece feels like a companion piece to The Diary of a Teenage Girl because it is a very subjective movie.

The attempt is to really place you squarely in the shoes of a person who’s in the middle of a major life transformation and she’s sleep-deprived. Every day feels like the same as the day before. Things are blending into each other. She doesn’t remember when she last changed her shirt or when she last took a shower or when she ate anything but Mac and cheese and fried hash browns.

That got exciting for me to think about creating a totally subjective world, where we’re trying to give an audience an experience of what it feels like because I realized, “Oh, friends of mine who haven’t had kids or family members who haven’t had kids, they have no idea how insane I felt and how this experience of being a first-time parent with a very little kid stuck at home, how much you do lose your mind.”

That became the fun thing about thinking about it as a film and why it is more than just a monologue. Then, yes, I have a big pet peeve about kids in movies who look like little Hollywood actor kids who don’t act like kids because I feel like it’s so deceiving. I don’t know about your kid, but my kids are wild. I had a little boy first. He always had so much energy.

He was up at 5:00 in the morning running crazy right away, even from the time he was really little. Just not a kid that you would have seen on screen. Not a kid who’s just quietly sitting in the corner while the grownups have conversations. Somebody who’s climbing on your head and it’s a very interactive physical life that I embarked on with him. So I really wanted to find kids who weren’t really actors and were really kids who would play.

John: Well, how old are these twins? Because when you say they’re not really actors, to what degree are they even aware of what they’re doing or they’re just having fun?

Mari: They were two when I cast them. They turned three on our camera test day. We found them through a twin forum on Facebook. We were out plastering with twin forums to find twins who could come. Then the way that I cast them was I just hung out for days at parks. I had twins come in batches basically to come and meet with me and I just played with them for hours on end until I found the twins who I felt really could play and pretend and were down to play these different games with me, and yet were also good listeners in their own way even if they had a lot of energy and wildness and spunk and humor, but also could listen and take direction and understand pretend.

These two boys, Arleigh and Emmett, they were just the perfect twins. I feel so lucky that I cast them because it could have gone really poorly. They gave one of the best toddler performances in a movie, as you said. They really are very realistic. We made the environment really fun for them, I think. They loved coming to set. They knew everybody’s names. They knew where to put the microphone. They got really into the mechanics of filmmaking. We let them check out the camera. We let them check out the props. They understood everything about what we were doing and what everyone’s job was. We made everything a game. So I think they had a really good time.

John: I’m doing this animated movie right now. One of the first conversations I had with the director was, “To what degree is this camera looking into a world versus the world that’s being projected onto the screen?” They’re really fundamentally different aspects. One of the things I think you do so nicely is that balance between the camera feels like it’s just documenting a thing that’s happening in front of you.

You feel like the kid is just actually a natural kid and Amy Adams is a good actor. She’s just rolling with it, which totally works. Also, the subjective reality is you’re pushing things at the screen that are not necessarily just the camera documenting a moment. When we’re in her point of view, it is a subjective experience. We’re shoving things at the audience rather than we’re supposed to believe that this is really what’s happening in front of the lens.

Mari: Right. It’s that tricky balance of having it feel not staged. You do want to feel like the kid is just a kid who’s acting like a kid. Between the editing and the framing and the ways in which there’s repetition, you realize it’s actually all very carefully planned. There was the trick of needing the kid to be able to say certain lines that scenes needed in order for the scene to actually progress the way I had written it.

There were certain scenes I wrote very much knowing we will improv whatever the kid ends up saying. They’re walking down the street hand-in-hand. “What do you want to talk about? That leaf up there or a truck rolling by or whatever it is? It doesn’t matter what you say. We’ll find something great in whatever your conversation is as long as it’s not about the cameraman.”

Then there were other scenes where I knew, “No, I need a really specific thing. I need you to ride on your mom’s back, tell her to play horsey with you, and then tell her that she’s got fuzzy hair coming out of her back.” We figured out games for how to do this. A lot of times, it was call and response. I would do a game of like, “Ready. Repeat after me. Say poo.” “Poo.” “Go.” “Go.” “Moo.” “Moo.” “Ruff.” “Ruff.” “Ah.” “Ah,” or get rhythmic games going, and then you say, “Mama fuzzy.” “Mama fuzzy.” “Louder. Mama fuzzy,” or whatever.

However it was, it was getting this to be something that was fun and playful for them, but sometimes it was trickier than others. I’d have a plan for how we were going to make something into a game for the kid. They would not be in the mood to do that thing that I was thinking of, or I’m thinking of this one scene where Amy thinks she’s lost her son at the playground. When she finds him, she runs for him. We had him sitting on this grass. I think this was day one or two, so he had just met Amy.

I had him sitting on the grass and I said, “Okay, and then she’s going to run up to you.” Well, he didn’t know as soon as I said action, she was going to be screaming, crying, running up to him. He turned around and saw this woman who he had just met really the day before screaming at him. He stood up and started running away, a very natural response. We realized, “Oh right, we need to figure out a way to make this game. Okay, you’re playing hide-and-go-seek. You count to 10. Even when she screams and runs for you, you can’t get up until you get to 10,” something like that.

John: In addition to all the challenges of these very young actors, you put a bunch of dogs in your movie. These are another classic rookie mistake, putting dogs in your movie. Dogs at this point, there are trainers. There’s ways to do it. How much of the dog action we’re seeing are, “This is what the lens saw,” versus you had to go in and post and move dogs around to make this all work?

Mari: Most of it is totally practical. There’s a tiny bit of adjustment in post when it comes to, “Oh, this one dog was misbehaving,” so we moved them over here or whatever. Actually, what we really did was we worked with really great trainers who spent a lot of time casting and training the dogs for the very specific behavior that we wanted in the movie. I wrote scenes and action for dogs having no real basis on how dogs behave.

Because the dogs are supposed to be a little bit magical and non-realistic in the movie, the things that I needed them to do were not necessarily things that dogs would do. Things like bowing to another dog. I had read things about wolves and how they’ll sometimes show their neck to another dog, so I would take things from research like that and put them into the script, but then we had to actually get dogs to do those things. Sometimes it worked and sometimes it didn’t work.

John: In Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, we had to train hundreds of squirrels to pick up nuts and shake them and then put them in the right places. Each time you see a squirrel, they’re trained for that one specific thing, and then you’ll never see that squirrel again. It’s all unique stuff.

Mari: We needed a squirrel to just run up a tree for this. I remember as I was going through my budget at one point, it was going to be $13,000 to train a squirrel. I was like, “But the squirrel doesn’t do something that a squirrel wouldn’t do. It just needs to run up a tree.” I was like, “No, we’re not doing this. I can’t pay $13,000 to train a squirrel.” We took that out of the budget and we just wandered around the park until we found a squirrel and filmed a squirrel.

John: I want to wrap up by talking about tone because you mentioned that the dogs were somewhat magical. One of the things that is so fascinating about your film but also unsettling is it always feels like it’s just about to tip into a different genre. Music-wise, we’re often getting close to horror moments at times. It feels like it’s a horror movie that doesn’t ever fully get to the horror thing.

Obviously, there’s a whole tradition of body horror that’s part of this. The experience of being a woman of that age and motherhood is a body horror story, and yet it’s also a comedy. There’s funny moments. There’s moments of marital strife that are appropriate in other movies. How did you think about the tonal shifts and how did you communicate them? Were there discussions both on the script stage and on the set about, “Where are we at here?”

Mari: Well, a lot of what I thought about was when reading the book, the mother does turn into a dog, but it’s not like The Fly or other transformation movies where that metamorphosis is painful or horrifying. If anything, it’s cathartic and euphoric. There was this whole element of body horror and the metaphor being as you enter into perimenopause and you go to look in the mirror and, “Oh, God, what’s that weird hair sprouting out here? What new wrinkles do I have?” and all the ways in which we look at our own bodies as we age and we think, “Who is that? I don’t even recognize myself,” taking that to a sort of extreme level.

That has a level of horror to it and just gore and grossness. We get some really great groans when we see this movie in big theaters as you can imagine. There’s some really nasty stuff. When it came to the actual transformation, it was really important that the transformation itself didn’t feel painful or horrible, but it felt euphoric. That was our guiding force. We did always want to be dancing on that edge.

I definitely think there’s a misconception if anybody goes into this movie thinking it’s a horror movie. I think it’s more of a psychological drama with a lot of comedy, more than anything in the horror realm. We played with horror tricks. We played with visual styles that tip their hat to the more horror genre, whether it’s like she’s walking down a hallway and we’re doing the push-pull visual styles or music as well. Ultimately, it’s really a story about motherhood and transformation. I don’t know. The things I got more interested in were less of the full horror parts of it and the more parts that made me laugh.

John: Well, let’s put Nightbitch to the side for a second because everyone will get a chance to see that and they should and think about some other movies down the road. Someone might be coming to you, Mari Heller, to say, “Hey, how about this article to adapt into your next thing?”

You have three choices here. We’re going to start with one that’s not even an article. This is the first time on Scriptnotes where we’re actually just going to a Threads post. Not even a Twitter post, a Threads post.

This is a post by Bo Predko. I have no idea who Bo Predko is, if it’s a real person or if it’s some other corporate entity. This is so short. We’ll actually just read this all aloud. Let me read the setup and then you can read the bullet points here.

All right, so it starts, “You’re 23 years old dating Leonardo DiCaprio in LA. Private parties, yachts, jets, signing NDAs every month. You’re 100% sure Leo loves you because he let you touch his Oscar. Let’s be real. You’ll be forgotten in two years. Here’s what to do when you’re dating a celebrity.” All right, help us out.

Mari: Number one, keep the contacts you make in a separate list. Number two, network like a shark at high-end parties. Number three, leverage the relationship to collaborate with luxury brands. Number four, save and invest the money from the lifestyle perks. Number five, eyes will be on you. Grow your social media following. Number six, read every paper you sign. Number seven, learn from Leo’s work ethic and use it to fuel your own goals. Number eight, stay out of unnecessary drama and keep things private.

John: All right. Mari, you and I both know famous people. This is not unfamiliar territory to us and it’s not unfamiliar as a setup for a movie in a way. We’ve seen other stories like a normie dating a celebrity and what that looks like and feels like, and yet I like that it’s an inversion of what we normally expect where the wide-eyed, young, doe-eyed girl falls in love with this guy and has her heart broken and learns a valuable lesson. Assuming that you know this going in and here’s how you’re going to plan for it.

Mari: Right, and not just plan for it, here’s how you’re going to abuse the system that would abuse you.

John: Yes, which I thought was exciting. Let’s think about this as, how would this be a movie? If this came towards you, what is your instinct? Where do you start? Are you thinking about who this young woman is? Are you thinking about the situation? What’s interesting about this to you?

Mari: I guess what’s interesting is the way that younger generations are approaching everything with a savviness that maybe I didn’t grow up with and playing the game. Everything about this scares me a little bit, to be honest. The idea of using a romantic relationship for your personal gain, it’s just so dirty and gross, but I also see the humor in it, especially using somebody like Leonardo DiCaprio because he so famously dates young women and drops them quickly.

I think in all of the comments below, so many people were commenting on how young this person would be, who he’s dating. It’s a funny subverting, I guess, a subversion of the expectation, like you’re saying, especially if it could be a misdirect, maybe. Maybe there’s a way that you start off really believing that this person is a bit of a dupe and that they’re in this situation having no idea what they’re doing. Then you start to realize, you could uncover it like The Usual Suspects or whatever and realize that they’ve been manipulating it the entire way.

John: Absolutely.

Mari: Everything’s been a plan.

John: There’s a Taylor Swift song, Mastermind, where she reveals like, “Oh no, you thought this was an accidental thing, but actually, I planned this whole thing the whole time through.” It also made me think about All About Eve because in that, you have the young assistant who, of course, takes over the role. What’s different is that in something like All About Eve, the assumption is like, “Oh, I want to be an actress. I want to be you. I have this other skill, which I’m going to be able to manifest by getting close to you.”

Here, and I think this is a generational difference that you’re pointing to, is that it’s not just about, “This is how I’m going to become the famous actor or whatever.” It’s like because we have this role of influencer and just like a person who’s able to monetize their fame, the goal is, “I need to become famous and get the brand deals, and that’s what I’m going to do. I want to become like Kylie Jenner. I don’t need to be Charlize Theron.”

Mari: Right. It could be fun if you did a movie like this that has the Being John Malkovich thing where the celebrity is in on it, in on the joke of it all, enough that they’re willing to use their own real name like if Leonardo DiCaprio would do this movie, let’s say it was a movie, as himself, right? It could be poking fun at his own celebrity and expectations of him as a celebrity. There could be something fun about that.

John: Well, if you think about Seth Rogen’s This Is the End, and you look at that as an example. They’re all playing themselves like highly characterized versions of themselves. There’s something really interesting and clever about that.

Let’s talk about the inversions of this because right now, this is a young woman dating Leonardo DiCaprio. What is the version of this where she’s famous and he’s the guy who gets swept up in there?

Mari: It’s not as fun.

John: It’s not as fun.

Mari: It’s just not as fun.

John: No.

Mari: It’s the person you always assume is going to be the victim, which in a scenario like this where the man has all the power and the age and all the influence and the fame and all the money and the woman is in the more subversive role and then she turns out to be the one who’s actually controlling everything, that could be really fun.

John: I guess because of the setup and because it’s supposed to be Leonardo DiCaprio and there’s this history of him dating for two years at most and then discarding, the idea that there’s an expiration date on the relationship is built in, but it doesn’t always happen that way. Matt Damon’s wife was a normie and I think that’s still going fine. There are famous people who marry normal people and it’s not always a Ben Affleck or a J.Lo.

Mari: I just love how comfortable you are with saying “normie.” That’s really making me laugh.

John: We know other people who aren’t Leonardo DiCaprio level but who work in the industry and who are comparatively famous, who are married to non-famous people. That can work. It’s just it has to be–

Mari: In fact, I think I see those relationships and I tend to believe in them the most, especially people who’ve been together since before they got anything. Often, if somebody has a really cool spouse, it can make me like them more.

John: 100%. Someone who does have a cool spouse, at least a very devoted spouse, is Palmer Luckey. This is an article by Jeremy Stern writing for Tablet Magazine. He’s talking about Palmer Luckey, who is an inventor, clearly brilliant, clearly some things about him that are challenging for people around him. He created Oculus Rift. He sold that to Facebook for $2.7 billion, then got fired by Mark Zuckerberg after he made this $10,000 donation to this pro-Trump troll group that was dedicated to “shitposting” in real life.

He tried to build this nonprofit that was about prisons. Ultimately, he founded Anduril Industries, this defense technology startup. It makes autonomous weapon systems. It’s now valued at $14 billion. It’s not just Mark Zuckerberg creating Facebook. There’s a two-step thing here. He’s able to rise and fall and rise again in ways that are really interesting. He’s married to or still with his high school sweetheart.

Mari: Except for they didn’t go to high school, they were both homeschooled.

John: Exactly right. The homeschool of it all feels relevant and appropriate. This comes in your direction. What parts of this are interesting to you? Where do you think a movie exists here? What are even the boundaries or the edges of the story you might want to tell on this?

Mari: Well, that’s the issue. The story is fascinating. Fascinating and overwhelming. I got tired just reading this story because there are so many twists and turns. I think the question comes down to, what type of story are we telling? What are we meant to feel about this person? Are they a hero in this story? Are they a tragic character? Are they somebody that we’re rooting for or are they somebody who we’re vilifying? Also, what are you saying? I couldn’t even feel through reading this article what the takeaway is.

What am I meant to feel about this person and what he’s done in the world? Yes, his brain is impressive. Yes, what he’s accomplished is impressive. I love somebody who’s been in this long relationship with somebody for so long through all these ups and downs. He has a thing in the article where he talks about how other people in the tech industry are all trying to keep all options open at the same time. He likes to pick a path and stick with it. There’s something about that ethos, which is really fascinating. But god, I would not know where to begin with this. What did you feel?

John: Listen, you could do the cradle to present day with him and rise up through the homeschool, but that’s going to be too much. It’s not going to be interesting. I think the instinct of, do a Social Network, where you’re focusing on one aspect of that person’s career and take that and you’re fictionalizing and fudging what you need to fudge to create the version of the character who makes sense for the course of your two-hour movie feels right, but it actually just misses so much.

Because if you’re talking about the sale of Oculus to Facebook, eh, that’s actually not– he’s getting fired is interesting. Maybe he’s getting fired from Facebook is the starting point and then having to build back up. It feels like that second founder story and the revenge story. Again, like you, I don’t know if he’s the hero of the story or if he’s an anti-hero that we’re following through the story. I don’t know where we want the audience to sit with our relationship with him.

Mari: No, and I don’t know what the ending is. I don’t know where you’re taking it to because Social Network, it’s all around the court case, right?

John: Yes.

Mari: What would be the framework that you were taking this person’s life through? It feels like the story is not over yet.

John: That’s really a part of the problem is that because of the court case, you could have a resolution of the court case. Even though Zuckerberg is still making a new story, it feels like that’s the resolution here. I don’t know what the resolution is at this point. We also need to talk about how challenging it is to make a movie about a living person. You’ve made two biopics.

Mari: Sort of three.

John: All right, so can you ever forgive me? Are those people alive at this point?

Mari: No, everybody’s dead.

John: Great, so that’s helpful for you.

Mari: Ooh. That’s the best-case scenario. I hate to say that.

John: A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood. Fred Rogers was still alive as you were making this?

Mari: No, he passed away. His wife was still alive. A lot of the people who we were putting on screen were still alive, but he was not alive.

John: What’s the third biopic?

Mari: Well, it’s not exactly a biopic, but The Diary of a Teenage Girl is based on Phoebe, who wrote the book. It’s based on her real life and real people in her life, including her mom and her mom’s boyfriend. It wasn’t a biopic, but it was still based on people’s real lives. I actually cringe at the idea of calling any of the movies biopics because they aren’t cradle-to-grave stories and I don’t love biopics in general, but they are based on real people.

John: Yes. Where I come out with Palmer Luckey and Tell Me How You’re Feeling is that I think there’s so many things that are fascinating here, but I don’t think this article or any story about him specifically right now at this moment makes sense to do.

Mari: No.

John: If you could make this with his permission, I don’t see that working out very well. If you make this without his permission, he feels like a person who could be litigious and you could be in for some real situations there.

Mari: I could see like an organization on the right, somebody within the Trump world wanting to make a biopic of him as a hero for the right because the contribution he made was to a Trump troll account. Then eventually so many of the other people in the tech world ended up coming out for Trump and he feels like he was the one who started that. I don’t know. I wonder, it would almost be like a propaganda film.

John: Yes. I could also see if someone tried to do that, I could see him pushing it back against that too because I think he believes himself to be outside of those systems completely.

What I do think is maybe useful about this is to think about this as a kind of character and think about it as a template for sort of like an interesting character to build a new fictional character off of.

Mari: I think you’re right. He’s like an archetype that we don’t see very often and it makes you realize, my husband always says he finds it interesting when I adapt books because things don’t follow a certain way that they’re meant to go. Books take narrative in different directions or characters are more complex than they would be otherwise.

I think there’s something about him that’s sort of contradictory, like the fact that he is in this long-term marriage and has chosen to become a parent. It’s not what you would expect, but it gives you permission to look at a character and think, oh, you can make weird choices.

John: Yes. Agreed. I think he’s fascinating. I think people should read the article and think about him as a character, but I don’t feel like people are going to rush out and like, I want to make the Palmer Luckey movie. I just don’t see that working out well.

Mari: I can’t tell. Somebody might. It would not be me.

John: Look at Succession. You’re not going to make a movie or a series about the Murdochs, but what you can do is take some of the framework and some of the area around them and make a fictionalized story, and that may be the best approach here.

Mari: I miss Succession so much.

John: I miss it so much. It’s so good.

Mari: It’s so good.

John: It’s so good. All right, let’s wrap this up with sort of the opposite of Succession, which is How to Give Away a Fortune. This is by Joshua Jaffa writing for the New Yorker.

This is really fascinating. I’d sort of heard about little pieces of this before, but this is the first encapsulation where this is all together. It centers around Marlene Englehorn, who’s this Austrian heiress. Her family is incredibly wealthy because of a pharmaceutical fortune and her focus is like, I don’t believe I should have this fortune. I want to give away this fortune, but I want to give it away in a way that actually most benefits society.

And so to do this, I’m going to recruit a bunch of Austrians, 50 Austrians who are representative of our country and have them come together over the course of weekends to make decisions about how this $500 billion, this big chunk of money is going to be distributed to the world. I thought it was cool and ambitious and felt naive at times. There were lots of things that were interesting about it. I was trying to think like, could this be a movie? Would this be a movie? If this were a movie, who would you even center it on?

Obviously Marlene Englehorn is one choice, but the story actually puts a lot of its time in Emma, who’s this 80-year-old retiree who gets this letter recruiting her, which sort of feels like the Golden Ticket in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, come to this thing and we’re going to do this thing. She doesn’t even believe it at first, but then she participates in it. Marielle, what’s your instinct here? Is there a movie here? If so, how would you start?

Mari: What I think is so interesting about it is it plays on something culturally that we as Americans, I think, feel is very foreign to us, which is this idea that we’re such a capitalist society. I didn’t even really realize how much that’s baked into our everyday life until I spent time in Berlin. I was talking to an American acquaintance who had moved to Berlin, and he was somebody I knew from my days of making theater, and he was working as a theater artist in Berlin.

He was saying, yeah, the thing about having a job here or about Berlin in general is nobody’s going to get very rich, but nobody’s going to be very poor. We’re all working and making a good living wage, and doctors and theater artists make somewhere around the same amount of money. We all have jobs, and we all have health care, and education is free, and the quality of life is really good, and nobody’s going to be too rich, but nobody’s going to be hurting too much, or not nobody, but in general, it’s just much more socialistic in that way. We’re operating from a very different perspective.

Then he pointed something out to me, which was he was like, have you noticed that when you talk to people here in Berlin, the first question is never, what do you do? It made me realize how much we’re focused on just wealth and career and what we do and how we make money and all of these things in our country. That I found it really liberating and beautiful to think about a society that was really thinking about wealth distribution in different ways. Berlin had capped rental increases at that point as a city because they just didn’t want housing to become unaffordable.

All of these things that the society in itself was supporting a more socialist view of the world, and somewhere it jived with me from an ethical point of view where I just thought, “God, we’re an unethical country.” That makes so much sense. Even just reading this, I felt the same feeling of like, “Could you do this? Could you change the whole way we perceive money and capitalism in such a jarring way?” There’s something fun about it.

John: There’s something fun about it. I like that. You could look at Marlene Englehorn as being sort of the antithesis of an Ayn Rand character, basically, not believing that any individual is worth more than society, therefore, she should not be worth more than everybody else around her. There’s something really noble about that. One thing that the article has to do a lot of work to explain is that, well, how did this family become so wealthy in a country that is not to have such great disparities? It’s because of sort of inherited wealth and sort of the way that inherited wealth becomes this perpetual cycle that’s very hard to break out of.

As a story purpose, I’m not sure who the antagonist is in a way, I’m not sure like what the–

Mari: I wonder if from a story point of view, if it’s the type of story that starts out with this great idea and great intentions, and then as soon as you get into the nitty gritty of it, things go really wrong and you can’t– she sort of, like you said, has a little bit of a naivete about what this would do for people’s lives that is probably coming from a privileged position where she actually really doesn’t understand what people who haven’t grown up how she did need or want, the sort of rich person, “I’m the hero of my own story” narrative vibe. Then maybe she could actually come to a point where she actually has to grow and change also in some other way, I don’t know.

John: Yes, we were talking about Succession before, it feels like she’s almost like the Siobhan’s character in Succession if she actually believed the things she sort of professed to believe in Succession, and then she sort of keeps getting pulled back in. The other thing that reminded me of was The Good Place and that it was a chance for have characters wrestling about like what is good and right in society, like how do we do this thing?

Because the probably most interesting parts of the story, which I think is probably a better documentary than a feature film, is about sort of like, well, how are we going to prioritize these choices that we’re making as a society and as a subset of society who gets to make some of these choices? It comes down to at the end, I’ll spoil a little bit, is that they have a slush fund at the end where they have like these stickers, they can just apply their stickers that are each worth like $50,000 to different projects and it’s like they’re putting my posters around.

Mari: Very Succession.

John: Yes, which is absurd, but also you get it. There’s a certain point you’re throwing money at things.

Mari: Yes, it does feel like it’s a fun way to explore some bigger ethical questions, and you would almost want like economists and ethicists to come in and weigh in on all of the like pitfalls that you couldn’t anticipate. If you were fictionalizing this and narrativizing it, like what’s the most extreme thing that could happen in this situation?

John: Let’s do a recap of our three How Would this Would Be a Movies.

I think the surprise for me is like the one that’s probably closest to a movie is the Thread thread of Dating a Celebrity because How To Give Away A Fortune is so interesting, but it’s probably a documentary, it’s probably not really suited for a two-hour theatrical experience. Palmer Luckey, I don’t think we want to tell his specific story over the course of this time. We’d like him as a template, but I could imagine several different kinds of movies that are based on essentially this list of advice for dating a celebrity.

Mari: Yes. When I first read it, I didn’t think it would be a movie, but as we talked about it, I got convinced.

John: As we drop this podcast, you and I both be racing to get our versions of this story down and get them sold off there.

Mari: I’m going to call Leonardo DiCaprio right now.

John: Right now. Appian Way, we’re going to get in there and make that movie.

Let’s do our One Cool Things. My One Cool Thing is a blog post by Teresa Justino called, You Get To Be Fulfilled Now. She’s talking about how as writers, often we need day jobs to sort of get through and pay our bills and pay our rent. Often we think of those as survival jobs and she wants to recast those as what she calls thrival jobs, which are jobs you can thrive in even while you’re making a living to do your thing.

She says, “I love thrival because I believe it’s possible to find a job outside your chosen field that nonetheless contributes to your ultimate goals, supports you financially, and provides some sort of joy, fulfillment, and purpose. In other words, a job that allows you to thrive rather than just survive.” She talks about what that was like for her, but I think that’s a nice framework for us to be thinking about what we’re doing in terms of the work we do that is not the work we aspire to do. It applies to writers, directors, actors, everybody.

Mari: It reminds me of some advice you guys gave on the podcast a few weeks ago, I think, to somebody who was asking whether they should take a certain job within the industry even though they felt, I can’t remember what their hesitation was, and I loved that both of you were like, take the job, make the money, do the thing you need to do, and we need to all, not that you’re saying, “Oh, you just have to pay dues and we all have to pay dues,” but there is this sort of, I think, thing within Hollywood where people sort of believe somehow they’re just going to get handed their dream job out of the blue.

It just never has happened from what I can tell in the world. I agree, I feel like working in restaurants for 15 years and all of the different jobs I’ve done where I was a hard worker and I was good at multitasking and I learned lots of skills that helped me be a director and that everybody who I worked with recognized that I was a hard worker. There were times that I felt like that would be what I did for the rest of my life, and oh no, I want to do something else. But I was still going to give my all to jobs. I was still going to work hard and be the person I want to be in the world.

John: I think I always talk about with my early jobs, my sort of survivaly thrival jobs, is it was helpful for me to have a job that I didn’t hate, but I didn’t love, and that I could leave with enough brainpower left in me that I could still go home and write. That’s the balance, and there’s some, I do see sometimes people who will take a job that is so overwhelming that they don’t have anything left in the tank, and that’s not going to be the right choice. It made more sense to take a job, like waiting tables is physically exhausting, but it’s not using that same creative spark that you would otherwise be spending.

Mari: It’s true. My main thrival jobs of my life were all waiting tables and working as a camp counselor or for a daycare and taking care of children. That was much more exhausting on an emotional level than was waiting tables.

John: Yes, I can see it. What do you have to recommend for our listeners?

Mari: My one cool thing is a book that I just started reading that’s beautiful by my friend Priyanka Mattoo, and it’s called Bird Milk and Mosquito Bones. It’s a memoir, and it’s funny and relatable and just gorgeously written, and I recommend everybody reading it. She’s just a beautiful writer, and it’s a series of essays, and I think it will just warm your heart and make you feel less alone, which is what I think the goal of all art is.

John: Fantastic, Bird Milk and Mosquito Bones.

Mari: Bird Milk and Mosquito Bones, which is also just such a great title, right?

John: I love it. That is our show for this week. Scriptnotes is produced by Drew Marquardt, it’s edited by Matthew Chilelli. Our outro this week is by Spencer Lackey. If you have an outro, you can send us a link to ask@johnaugust.com. That’s also the place where you can send questions. You’ll find the show notes for this episode and all episodes at johnaugust.com.

It’s also where you find the transcripts and sign up for our weekly newsletter called Interesting, which has lots of links to things about writing. We have t-shirts and hoodies and drinkware now. They’re all great. You’ll find them at Cotton Bureau. You can sign up to become our premium member at scriptnotes.net, where you get all those back episodes and bonus segments like the one we’re about to record on film festivals. Mari Heller, an absolute damn delight having you back on the show.

Mari: It’s so nice to be back, like coming home.

John: Check out Nightbitch, which is going to be coming out in December and many festivals before then, right?

Mari: Yes, please come and see it.

[Bonus Segment]

John: All right, we just mentioned film festivals. Let’s talk about film festivals. Nightbitch debuted at TIFF, but this was not your first experience at film festivals. Was the first time you were there with a movie, was that Diary of a Teenage Girl?

Mari: Yes, so Diary premiered at Sundance and that was a very specific and special experience because the movie had been supported by the Sundance Labs, a place you and I both know and love. Sundance had been, sort of my creative home in that way because I had developed both at the Writer’s Lab and the Director’s Lab. Then I got to premiere the movie at the Sundance Film Festival.

John: That’s amazing. So in that case, you want people to see your movie, but you want them to buy your movie, right? Because it hadn’t been sold yet?

Mari: Absolutely, it had not been sold yet.

John: There’s a lot of pressure there.

Mari: It sold at Sundance back when that still happened, which from what I can understand, movies don’t really sell at film festivals the way they used to.

Mari: Probably a topic for a bigger discussion, but like a lot of times, there’s been a lot of screenings ahead of time so people know what they’re going to buy or they premiere there and it’s weeks or months later that the actual sale happens.

Mari: That seems like it happens more often now, yes.

John: The case of, Diary of a Teenage Girl, there was that excitement of like, oh my gosh, there’s like two in the morning and the offers are going back and forth. That’s so cool and exciting.

Mari: That’s exactly what happened, which blew my mind that it played out in that way. What we did at the time was I took a lot of meetings before the movie premiered with a number of companies. I got to know the players and sort of people who were maybe going to be interested in the movie before they had seen the movie.

Then once the movie premiered, we were in that exact game of trying to sell the movie. Then three weeks later, I went to Berlinale with the movie to try to sell it to foreign markets. We had our foreign sales agent and I did a million meetings there and worked on basically selling off different territories to the movie too.

John: Good. I had two Sundance experiences. My first one was with Go and Go was a premiere at Sundance, but we already were sold. Columbia owned the movie everywhere in the world. This was just a happy premiere situation, like getting hype for the story and it was great. The second time was with The Nines and The Nines was not sold anywhere. We had that, the big screening, but really the purpose there was to find a buyer for the movie.

Like you, we had some conversations ahead of time. They hadn’t seen the movie, but they’d sort of knew who we were. We enlisted both a film sales agent and a film publicity agent who were there to make sure all the right people were coming to the screening. Of course, they don’t actually come to the screening because they’re getting busy with other stuff, so they have to come to a later screening or we’re burning a DVD for them so they can watch it in their hotel room. It’s so stressful to try to sell a movie at a film festival.

Mari: It is so stressful. At the time, I had just had a kid. He was five weeks old. I was at the film festival with a five week old baby and trying to understand the sort of ins and outs of selling this movie. UTA was representing the movie and having all of these meetings. It was, yes, it was very stressful and exciting. I’m glad I had that experience, but man, it was stressful. None of my other film festival experiences have been like that.

John: Let’s talk about the happier situation generally of a film festival where you are there to premiere your film, to debut it, to talk about it, but you don’t have to actually sell it. Something like A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood or Nightbitch, what do you go in with? Who has seen it before? Let’s talk about Nightbitch. Who had seen the movie before it debuted at TIFF? The programmers at TIFF, somebody had seen it, right?

Mari: Yes, so we had actually shown the movie to the programmers at TIFF the year before, before the strikes happened, because the plan was to premiere then. They were so passionate about loving the movie that they basically said, if you need to hold it for a year, we’ll hold a spot for you for next year, which was so kind and wonderful. So yes, programmers see the movie early. We had tested the movie. We had shown the movie to test audiences.

We had done some sort of tastemaker screen, or no, not tastemakers, not the right– toe-dip screenings, as they call them, where you sort of show them to journalists who will never cover the movie, but you get a sort of sense of how people might review the movie. We had done all of those preliminary screenings, and then, of course, I had shown the movie to everybody I had, no, in my house or living room or screening room or whatever, and done a million friends and family screenings. Because we weren’t selling the movie, the movie was already with Searchlight. It wasn’t the same situation where we needed to meet with people ahead of time in order to have them see the movie.

John: Let’s talk about the actual experience, then, of the premiere screenings. Was it at nighttime? Was it 7 PM, were you at one of the sort of marches?

Mari: It was 9.30 on Saturday night, which was a pretty key time, but late for me.

John: As a parent, yes.

Mari: Yes, I started that day at 8 AM doing my tech check of the DCP and checking all the theater stuff and showing up to make sure everything was going to sound and look great, and then I got into my glam, which is a wonderful thing, but, exhausting, too, and did pictures and press all day, and then the movie didn’t play until 9:30 at night.

It was really fun, though, because we were in a huge theater, this gorgeous theater that sat almost 2,000 people, and it felt like it was the hot ticket, Everybody wanted to see the movie, and I was getting calls and texts from everyone, “I can’t get into your movie, do you have any extra tickets, blah, blah, blah.” It just had this feeling, this energy, which I think that’s the best part about film festivals, is this energy of being together communally, watching movies, and people getting excited about something and hearing about something.

John: Because it’s in a big theater they’re not on their phone doing anything else, they’re actually just focused on the screen for once.

Mari: People are there because they love movies. People are geeking out over movies which is such a fun place to be, it’s always scary to show your movie to an audience no matter what but you feel like you’re watching with a ton of people who love movies and love watching movies and there’s just an energy that you can’t replicate. I remember Jorma talking about MacGruber premiered at South by Southwest and he was like, I’ll never have a better screening than that in my life. That was the most exciting, best audience reaction I could ever have.

John: Yes, Go’s premiere was also, it was at nighttime at Sundance. It was a great big party. My movie, The Nines, we had like the great big premiere, but like it went well, but like that’s by far the biggest house that’s ever going to see the movie. That probably is true for Nightbitch as well. You’re going to have a theatrical release, but this is the only one time you’re going to have that many people looking at their eyeballs directed towards your film at one place.

Mari: I sit in the audience and watch the movie at these film festivals because of that exact reason, because it’s so satisfying and fun to watch that many people watch your movie. I know a lot of filmmakers who can’t, who can’t sit there while it plays, and it just feels too much or actors who feel like it’s just too much to sit there while everybody watches the movie.

I think even when I was sitting there, this was only now two weekends ago, sitting there with the audience watching Nightbitch premiere, I was, as it was happening, doing that thing of being like, remember this, remember this feeling, remember that laugh, this feels so good, it’s never going to feel like this again.

John: It’s not your last festival, so let’s talk about that, because it’s not just, because this is really the start of awards season, and TIFF sort of kicks off awards season, part of the goal of doing this is to sort of get that first initial buzz started about sort of the things people might say like, “Oh, this should be on our list for picture, for screenplay, for Amy Adams, for other things.” All those things, those conversations are going to start happening, and you keep those conversations happening by going to different festivals. What does the runway look like ahead of you?

Mari: Yes, I’m so lucky that I can talk about this with as much experience as I’ve already had, because I had two years in a row, 2018 and 2019, where for Can you Ever Forgive Me, and A Beautiful Day, I did a very similar trajectory of film festival to film festival to film festival and press. An awards campaign, essentially. I am a little more prepared, I guess, this time around for all of that. I will be going to the London Film Festival, the Middleburg Film Festival, the Savannah Film Festival, the Chicago Film Festival, Hampton’s Film Festival.

I would be doing even more if my husband wasn’t off making a movie in Finland right now, and I wasn’t also solo parenting. I’m going to do as many as I can, and I have called on all the grandparents to help because it’s going to be quite a fall. Once you do the initial film festival, the rest of them don’t feel nearly as terrifying. They are a little bit more fun. You start to get your talking points down.

We all went to TIFF, the cast, me, the author of the book, the producers. Often what then ends up happening is we sort of split up and we each cover different territories when it comes to the film festivals. you become less– you’re more alone doing the next sections of it, so a few of us will go to London but I think like when I go I don’t know to Middleburg it may just be me I might be the only one really there representing the film, there to answer questions and do the press around it so it doesn’t have the same energy as the first time when everybody comes together and gets to celebrate.

John: The Nines went to Venice Film Festival it was like, “Oh what movies did at Venice?” I’m like, I saw nothing. I was there. That’s the other irony.

Mari: I saw nothing at Toronto either, no. I’ve never seen anything at a film festival when I’m there for a film. You’re working the whole time. Going to Sundance when I haven’t had a movie there is one of my favorite experiences because getting to see three movies a day or whatever you might be able to sneak your way into is such a cool experience. No, when you’re there with your own movie, you don’t see anything.

John: Yes, you’re in work mode. Mari, congratulations on the film you’ve made so far, on the festival so far, and all the festivals ahead.

Mari: Thank you.

John: Thank you for talking us through this.

Mari: My pleasure.

Links:

  • Nightbitch | Official Trailer
  • Marielle Heller
  • Highland Pro Austin launch party – sign up here!
  • MacGruber on Peacock
  • Hollywood’s 10 Percent Problem by Matt Belloni at Puck
  • Dating a Celebrity – Thread by bo.predko
  • American Vulcan by Jeremy Stern for Tablet
  • How to Give Away a Fortune by Joshua Yaffa for The New Yorker
  • You Get to Be Fulfilled Now by Teresa Jusino
  • Bird Milk & Mosquito Bones by Priyanka Mattoo
  • Get a Scriptnotes T-shirt!
  • Check out the Inneresting Newsletter
  • Gift a Scriptnotes Subscription or treat yourself to a premium subscription!
  • Craig Mazin on Threads and Instagram
  • John August on Threads, Instagram, Twitter and Mastodon
  • Outro by Spencer Lackey (send us yours!)
  • Scriptnotes is produced by Drew Marquardt and edited by Matthew Chilelli.

Email us at ask@johnaugust.com

You can download the episode here.

Scriptnotes, Episode 658: Advice Show, Transcript

November 15, 2024 Scriptnotes Transcript

The original post for this episode can be found here.

Craig Mazin: Hi. Today’s episode features an enormous amount of profane language, and not for any reason. I just felt like cursing. If you have kids in the car or anybody that doesn’t enjoy that sort of thing, earmuffs on.

John August: Hello, and welcome. My name is John August.

Craig: [Underwater voice] Hello, and this is Craig Mazin.

John: This is Episode 658 of Scriptnotes, a podcast about screenwriting and things that are interesting to screenwriters.

Today on the show, we open our overflowing mailbag to tackle listener questions on collaboration, non-disclosure agreements, self-delusion, and when to switch jobs.

Craig: I like self-delusion.

John: Are you going to switch your job?

Craig: If I said yes, I would be engaging in some serious self-delusion.

John: Yes. Our bonus segment for premium members, which English words do we recognize but never actually use? We’ll discuss those words. We’re too chicken to try. I have a list of those.

Craig: Okay. That’s fun.

John: First, Craig, we have some actual news, a thing that has changed in the world. For as long as you have been a member of the WGA, you’ve been looking for your big green envelopes.

Craig: Oh my God. The WGA sent an update to us all. It was almost like, “Hey, we are now accepting your mobile phone number instead of your landline.” It was that overdue and out of date, but they are finally doing direct deposit of residuals into your bank account. Why it took them this long, I’m sure there’s a reason.

John: Yes. I can tell you some of the reasons why.

Craig: Yes. I’d love to know.

John: It was a subject of negotiation every time we went in with the studios.

Craig: Really?

John: Yeah. Because if you think about it, residual checks, they’re coming from the WGA, but they’re actually really coming from the individual studios. That relationship between the studios and the person being paid is complicated. Usually direct deposit is simple because you have direct deposit from just your one employer. Because they’re coming from all these different accounts, getting it all together to happen was an issue.

Craig: Just out of curiosity, because I don’t understand banking. I think everybody knows that about me. The WGA would collect the money and then it would conglomerate it into a paper check that came from the WGA to me. The companies weren’t paying me, right? The WGA was paying me.

John: The companies are ultimately paying you. There’s accounting that goes behind it too. It was more complicated than you would think.

Craig: It must have been.

John: Because obviously for 20 years we’ve been talking about this.

Craig: Right. It was crazy. The idea that paper checks were still– the cost of it all.

John: The cost of it all, yes.

Craig: Especially when you would get–

John: The checks would get lost.

Craig: Sometimes you get those weird residuals that are valued at less than the cost of the stamp.

John: It’s a good change. It just took a long time for it to happen. They’re rolling it out in phases, which makes sense.

Craig: Oh, you mean I’m one of the lucky ones that got it early?

John: Yes. Maybe I got it now, but my checks have been going to my business manager, so I’ve not actually seen the big green envelopes coming in.

Craig: Well, same. Nonetheless, I was happy for them. Business managers, particularly the large companies, the amount of those envelopes they have to process every week from writers and directors and actors, the opening of the things and the pens and the check and blah, blah, blah, so annoying. So, hooray. I’d love to really know–

John: What were the real obstacles, yes.

Craig: So strange, but thank God.

John: Thank God. We are a business that is being employed gig to gig, so all of our paychecks are coming through different services, but the same kind of payroll services that do things a lot. It makes sense that there should be some relationship electronically that they could figure out. So I’m not–

Craig: No, there is, obviously, because they did.

John: Yes. Making them partners.

Craig: It’s just whoever was responsible for this logjam, it is an interesting thing. Bureaucracies can harden themselves to things. When I was involved in the public schools in La Cuñada, here in California, which is a small school district, one of the first things that I encountered was that technologically, they weren’t just behind. They were so far behind, they were using software and a server that no one had really heard of or seen since the mid-‘90s. Basically, the guy who ran it was like– it was like when you’re trying to take your dog somewhere and they don’t want to go and they just plant their legs and you have to drag them. Eventually, he just got reassigned.

Somebody else came in and was like, “Oh my God. What?” But that was what they knew. The thought of a new system terrified everybody. They worried that the system will make them redundant. Sometimes there’s just this weird bureaucratic, what do you call it, cruft?

John: Cruft, yes.

Craig: Cruft.

John: That’s absolutely true. Sometimes it’s the gatekeeper, decision-makers, the doctors. Sometimes it’s the individual teachers who are so used to their one way of doing things, they don’t have the bandwidth to learn a new thing. Then other times, it’s just this acknowledgement that trying to change the system is going to be really difficult. My daughter’s at BU, and they changed the way this one financial thing works there. It’s just been absolute chaos to get bills paid.

Craig: That’s the thing that they all worry about. On the other hand, there are ways to transition to new technologies that are smooth, if they’re well thought through, well-planned. My goodness, the amount of meetings that must have occurred.

John: Oh, yeah.

Craig: It makes me shudder to think of having to sit through the quantity of meetings at the Writer’s Guild to transition to direct deposit. I don’t even want to think about it.

John: It’s going to be a lot. Well, as we talk about trying to transition people off of using Final Draft for everything, or the sense of colored pages, or the sense of locked pages, it’s tough because people are used to a thing.

Craig: Yes. And they’re afraid.

John: They’re afraid.

Craig: Oh, by the way, a little tip of the hat to our friends at Scriptation, because they sent me a free copy. Because I guess I mentioned on the show today, I was like, “I don’t have it.” Then they didn’t think like, “Oh, he can afford it.” They just sent me a free one. I would have also gone with if they had just been like, “Dude, buy a copy. Stupid.” They were very nice and they gave me one.

John: They gave me one too.

Craig: I downloaded it.

John: Nice. That’s the first step.

Craig: That’s the first step.

John: I agree, bit by bit. Back at Episode 654, we were talking about AI training. There was basically this service that was trying to hire WGA members to train on scripts.

Craig: Oh my God. Yes.

John: Peter wrote in and actually had his experience as a person who does this. Drew.

Drew Marquardt: Peter says, “I make between $20 and $30 an hour having conversations, editing text, and reviewing other workers’ conversations with AI chatbots. I work with General Models, LLMs designed to be personal assistants. I’m a 30-year-old actor, writer, and producer. To be clear, I’m not making it yet in the industry. I’m not yet in the Writer’s Guild. I audition for all kinds of projects and write all the time. I show up on my friends and colleagues’ sets to lend a hand when I can and will do whatever work I’m capable of.

There’s not as much of this happening right now and much less of it tied to a paycheck. I’d love to avoid this, but it pays my bills while I struggle to break into entertainment in a financially meaningful way. I set my own hours and my coworkers who are AI models are non-toxic, two things I highly value after working for years in the corporate service industry.

If I were a WGA writer, I would likely not volunteer to train a model specified to write, engineer, or filter scripts, even at $100 an hour. That said, as someone who’s been waiting for the chance to write and look at words all day and simultaneously make money, I’m extremely happy with this new position. I worry that I’m stealing from myself and my peers in the future, but the groceries I need to buy exist in the present.”

Craig: Well, that’s how they get you. Yes, you should be worried that you are stealing from yourself and everybody else in the future. Also, you should be worried about buying groceries, and this is how they get you. I think we were pretty clear when we discussed this last time that we certainly did not sit in moral judgment of somebody that needed to pay bills.

You need to pay bills. You need to pay bills. There are obviously other ways to pay bills. Everybody does have a choice. Peter has certain values. He doesn’t want to work in the corporate service industry. Do not blame him. He doesn’t want to deal with toxic coworkers. Don’t blame him. He’s training assistants, not AI writing.

From our point of view, okay. If I were an assistant out there, I would not like this at all.

John: Assistant is a pretty broad category. What Peter is doing is sort of making Siri better, like making those kinds of things. That’s also an assistant.

Craig: Yes, and hopefully that’s what it is. Then, okay, because I’m also a realist and I understand if Peter doesn’t do it, then Michelle will. Somebody’s going to do it. I understand this completely. I do think that we just have to be mindful that it’s not Peter’s fault. It’s the system and our business’s fault that it is driving people like Peter into the arms of the AI fuck masters.

John: I guess the language warning has to go on this.

Craig: Yes, I thought about it for a second. I was like, “It’s worth it.”

John: We had more follow-up from Kevin in San Francisco.

Drew: Kevin says, “Have you ever considered training an AI on the Scriptnotes transcripts? You could train an AI to create co-hosts that could fill in when one or both of you are too busy to record.”

John: Which one of us is going to be too busy to record, Craig? I wonder who would get filled in more often.

Craig: “It’s not my fault. I’m just trying to do my job.” Yes, we should totally do our job.

John: We totally have done that. You’ll remember this. Back in Episode 405, that was the one with Melissa McCarthy and Ben Falcone at the Ace Hotel, I had used a Markov chain generator, which is a very early rudimentary version of this thing, to create these synthetic statements of quotes from me and Craig, and we played a game called Bot or Not. We had to figure out, was that a real thing that we said or a robot?
Then in prepping for the script notes book, I had a resident genius named Yusefi train a version of ChatGPT-3, the older one, on the whole corpus of Scriptnotes to see if we could ask questions like, “Give me quotes from John and Craig talking about stakes.” We could search through the whole thing and then pull up the stuff because that’s useful. It’s not writing the stuff, but basically, can you gather up all the stuff–

Craig: Gather the things we’ve said.

John: We’ve said. It worked, but it was really kludgy, it was Python, it was really a brutal process. That was April 2023, and so just yesterday, I should say that nothing in the book is AI-generated at all, it’s 100%–

Craig: You’re goddamn right.

John: You’re goddamn right. It’s the stuff we said, edited by Drew and Chris and other folks who’ve just worked their asses off to do this, but yesterday, I went on perplexity.ai, which is one of the other big sort of LLM services, and I asked it to give me quotes from script notes in which John and Craig talk about stakes. That’s the only prompt I gave it, and holy shit, did it really come back with a lot. Craig, I’m going to show you the resulting page here.

Craig: I can get my glasses on for this.

John: All right.

Craig: It says, “In Episode 402 Scriptnotes titled How Do You Like Your stakes, John August and Craig Mazin delve into the concept of stakes in storytelling.” I have a problem with that first sentence, but that’s fine. “Here are some notable quotes from their discussion. John emphasizes the importance of understanding the stakes for each character. ‘When we talk about stakes, our key focus has to be our hero, our protagonist, and what are the stakes for that character?’” Okay, so it’s just– “But it’s important to remember that there should be stakes for most of these characters and they don’t have to be the same stakes.

Craig adds that different characters may have competing stakes. ‘For some characters in the show, the stakes are love. For other people, the stakes are I have to keep this government together, and If I fail, then there’s going to be chaos.’” Well, that one actually was sort of interesting because it introduced the idea of competing stakes based on what I said. That’s fairly impressive. Certainly, this looks like a book report from a very bland person.

John: I think what is remarkable, which is what we were trying to do when I had Nima train this himself, was it’s not hallucinating a bunch of stuff. It’s pulling quotes and you can actually click and see like, “Oh, that is where that this is from.” That is useful as a research tool, which I think is the kind of thing that I’m actually okay with. If it’s doing the job that a Google search would do, I’m much better with that than if it’s generating stuff.

Craig: I agree with you. Part of this is to not fall into the trap that a million math teachers fell into when we were growing up, which is to say calculators are cheating. No, they’re not. There’s really no benefit in knowing how to add three numbers together. There actually isn’t. If a calculator can do it, what’s the difference? If you want to be a mathematician, you have to understand the fundamentals behind that. I understand. Once you understand the fundamentals, what’s the point of requiring you to do it by hand? It’s stupid. It just comes down to [makes crazy sounds] I don’t think we should be that way with stuff like this.

If you say, “Listen, you have to go through by hand and pull all the things,” and it’s just drudge work, then yes, I’m fine with something that makes drudge work faster, sure. I would not be fine with saying, “Hey, ChatGPT-4…” is that what you use here?

John: This is actually perplexity.

Craig: Perplexity. “Hey Perplexity, go through all 600 and whatever episodes and write a book.” Nor, as the Australians say. Nor.

John: I agree. To your point about adding three numbers, there was a recent study, and I’ll try to find a link to it, that was talking about, I think it was college students who were encouraged to use AI to learn how to do certain things and basically studying how much did it help them when they were doing the thing right then, but how much did they actually retain in terms of their skills to actually do the thing? It helped them in the short term and it hurt them in the long term because they didn’t fundamentally learn how a thing worked. That’s the subtlety that I think we need to get past is that sometimes these AI systems are so good at doing certain tasks that we forget how to do them and we don’t understand the fundamental things behind this.

Drew, you have an example of this for Weekend Read, right? You were trying to– these duplicated lines that were showing up in a script that you were trying to clean up.

Drew: Yes, the OCR for a script had doubled every sentence, but it wasn’t perfect sentences. I tried to go to ChatGPT to have it make a Python code to just, or even a regular expressions thing to just take away that second sentence and it was nearly impossible.

John: The challenge is, Drew has the expertise to know how to ask ChatGPT to do a thing, but not really to understand how it’s doing the thing. It’s not a generalizable skill.

Craig: Yes, it seems to me that if you use these tools to take something you know how to do, but do it much, much faster, sure. That’s what– I can multiply any two numbers together. Doesn’t matter how big they are. Might take me a week if they’re really, really big. Calculator can do that instantly. So fine, do it instantly. I know how to do it.

John: Example of trying to use an LLM for a good purpose. This is when I tried this last week was, the prompt was, have a conversation with me in Spanish, correct me in English if I say anything wrong, and you can start your questioning with something about what I did today. It just becomes a back-and-forth conversation in Spanish. When I will freely make mistakes in front of this thing and will correct the mistakes, but then the conversation will continue. That was genuinely useful for me.

Craig: That’s actually a brilliant idea. That’s a really interesting way to learn a language. People generally say the best way to learn a language is just immerse yourself somewhere where you don’t know the language and you’re going to have to figure it out. If you talk to ChatGPT all day long and it’s speaking another language and it’s correcting you in that language, slowing down and repeating it, now that seems like a really good way of learning something. Did it insult you when you got things wrong?

John: I didn’t ask it to be snotty and insulting.

Craig: I would.

John: They’re very good at those tonal shifts, so I’m sure they could do that for you.

Craig: Did it ever sigh in exasperation? Like, “How many fucking times–“ there goes a language warning. “How many fucking times do I have to tell you? That’s a masculine word, not a feminine word. You goddamn moron.”

John: Yes. There’s a little of that.

Craig: That’s what I would set it to.

John: A little shame.

Craig: Because that’s how I learn best.

John: Absolutely. It’s well established that shame and abuse are really–

Craig: My love language.

John: We have more feedback on GitHub for screenplays. This is, again, I think that same episode we talked about how ideas of merging changes and like a bunch of whole established ways in coding, which you can– most people have been working on a code base and you can merge those changes. Someone with firsthand experience wrote in with their expertise.

Drew: “Tried and Failed writes, John and Craig are absolutely correct about Git being ineffective for script collaboration. I’m a software developer for a major innovative service vendor in the film industry. I was on a highly-skilled team that was instructed to build an internal screenplay-related tool with a Git backend and like a nice UI. We reluctantly built it and got it to production and the experience was awful for us and our poor users. The Git approach quickly descended into corner case hell.

Git works for code because the what and the why are explicitly expressed in code and comments with tightly bound atomic change sets. Screenplays are so different. They’re an incomplete product of sprawling intentions. A lot of what makes a screenplay effective happens off the page and the bones supporting that are rarely expressed atomically in text. I’ve used revision control for three decades and I assure you merging complex script changes was way more difficult than complex code changes.

As programmers, we dread huge unfocused pull requests, but with screenplay change sets, that’s the norm, not the exception. Revision control was the wrong approach.”

Craig: Yeah, seemed pretty clear to us. John, do you know what GitHub is called in the astral plane?

John: It’s something Githyanki?

Craig: It’s GithHub.

John: It’s GithHub, very nice, yes. Just for the D&D players out there.

Craig: Yes, GitHub is the wrong tool. Nothing wrong with that. It’s a great tool for collaborating on code, clearly. It’s very popular, but no. Screenwriting is not a matter of revision tracking. Revision tracking is secondary. Most of the revision tracking we do, we do even individually, just for ourselves. Then we show other people so that they can see what changed, not to make different changes. But when people are writing together, the changes should be happening together. When I was writing with Todd Phillips, we would sit side by side, computer in front of me. I would type because I type faster.

We would just talk through everything and just do it. That, to me, seems like still the best way, but there are solutions that aren’t so obsessed with revision tracking, but rather just we’re writing together. More like a shared Google Doc. Writer Duet sort of functions like this.

John: One of the points that he brings up here, which I think is really interesting, is that in code, you’re supposed to put in comments to sort of say like, “What’s actually happening here?” That would be a really great practice for writing in terms of like what is this scene? What has changed?

Craig: It’s so exhausting.

John: It’d be exhausting. One of the things we do in Highland is we have this thing called synopsis. Basically, we start a line with an equal sign. It doesn’t show up in the script, but it shows up in the actual editor. That is actually really useful for mapping out stuff. I wonder if it’d be a good practice to start just saying like, “This is what’s actually happening here. This is the intention, or this is why I changed this thing.” Because there’s an episode of a different podcast that’s coming out down the road, and a script that I’d written 20 years ago, they called to ask me about like, “Well, why is this thing this way?” I’m looking at the script, I have no idea.

I have no idea when this idea was introduced, but if it had some commenting in there, I could maybe figure it out.

Craig: I know that Final Draft and Fade In have a notes feature, which essentially, is the same thing. I never use it because, again, I just write for myself. Sometimes what I’ll do when I’m talking with people about– so I’ll sit with a director and we’ll go through the script, and we’ll have a discussion, and they may bring up a great point like, “Oh, you said this, but actually they don’t have the walkie-talkie right now.” I’ll just, I’ve set up a new revision level. I’ll just type my notes in bold, all caps. Then I go back, erase, and do the things that I want to change. That’s just for me.

John: I use synopses for the same thing, basically. I’m basically like bullet-pointing, like, “This is what’s going to happen here.”

Craig: Yeah, it’s a nice idea to think that we could go back and actually have a library of intentions, but writing’s hard enough. It’s just not– Also, I’m not sure to whom it would be super useful.

John: A thing we can already do is track changes, and so basically I’ll say compare this script to this script and see what changed, and with that sort of showing what changed, you can generally understand why, if you’re doing that close enough to the time that you actually did it. It’s like, “These are the reasons why I did that.” It would be a good practice to go in and, as you’re delivering a new script, just to spend the 10 minutes of like, “This is what actually happened in this draft.” Sometimes I can check the email that I sent with the draft and say like, “Here’s what’s new, here’s what’s different, and that’s a way to–” It doesn’t stick with the script.

Craig: It doesn’t. Season one, our script coordinator was very thorough about this. I think she would send a change log with every draft. Nobody read it. Nobody cared about it. They just looked for the asterisks, and then were like, “Okay, that’s the new stuff.” This season, I don’t think we did a change log. It just seems like nobody pays any attention to it.

John: In Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, because there was no script coordinator. I was essentially the script coordinator. When I would send it through a color revisions, I would bullet point like, “These are the things that have changed.”

Craig: Oh, definitely. If it’s that kind of thing where I need people to know, but by the time we get into production, it’s all the product of meetings and things anyway, and generally no one cares. They are just, “Where’s my instruction set?” “Oh, I no longer have to do this with five people. I only have to do it with three people. Okay.” “We’re not shooting over there. We don’t have to build that anymore. Okay.” In development, it’s an easy thing to sort of say, “Hey, here’s what we’re doing. Here’s how it changed.”

John: Classically in TV, which is probably not your experience doing the show for HBO, but you would deliver an outline to the studio and then to the network, and they would give you notes back on this thing. In the follow-up phone calls and in the follow-up documents you’re sending through, you would make it clear like, “These are how we are addressing the notes that you sent through.” And that gives you some history on what’s actually happened here, but it’s not the same as what I think we’re asking for.

Craig: We do that with cuts. We’ll send a cut to the network and then HBO will have thoughts and then what I’ll do is I make what I call the little Christmas tree document. After absorbing them and looking through the material we have and also considering, do I agree? I will send back a response that’s basically, I just highlight their notes and I paint them either red or green. If I paint them red, I explain why I can’t or don’t want to do them. If I paint them green, I tell them how I either will be doing them or here’s the way we’re going to address this or we’re going to try at the very least. That stuff is all worth changelogging.

John: Well, we have a bunch of listener questions. It’s been a while since you and I’ve done this. Drew, help us out.

Drew: Yes, we’ll start with two questions on being torn between two jobs. SoVeryTired writes, “I’m a writer/director and VFX artist in LA. The lead actress from my last short has asked if I can help out with visual effects for a proof-of-concept pilot she wants to make. She’s made it clear this project already has a writer and director. She’s asked me to come on in a VFX artist capacity, which is my day job. My aspiration is to be a writer/director. My question is, how do you choose which projects to say yes to when you’re early in your career? I wouldn’t get paid much, if anything, for this. It’s definitely not about the money. I’ve asked to see an outline or script to see if it’s something I’m interested in.

Should I choose based on whether or not I’m interested in it or whether I think it has legs and might get picked up? I’m sure you’re going to say not to get involved if I don’t believe in the project, but nothing else I’ve made thus far has gotten me work. What if this project could be the one to get me noticed?”

Craig: What was the name of this person?

Drew: SoVeryTired.

John: SoVeryTired.

Craig: SoVeryTired, what you were sure of is incorrect. This sounds like you’re early in your career. Generally speaking, when it’s early in your career, I think the notion of opportunity cost is overemphasized. Your day is more elastic than you think. You have more time than you think. You have more energy than you think. Say yes, if you can. As long as it’s not clearly taking you away from something else.

It doesn’t sound like the conundrum is, “I am supposed to do this, which could help my career in terms of my creative output, but it’s not a lot of money. This over here is offering me a bunch of money for something that isn’t necessarily going to advance my career. What do I do? I’m torn between money or aspiration.” That’s not what’s happening here.

Nobody was healthy in the ‘90s, emotionally, and no one had any pride, because I did–

John: Or boundaries.

Craig: Or boundaries or anything. No one talked this way. No one. No one was like, “Oh, don’t do anything that your heart…” No, I did it. Nothing I did for 10 years had anything to do with what I wanted to do. I was just like, “Get me working. Get me knowing people. Get me experience. Have me prove to the people that do these things that I am reliable and talented.” Everyone’s path to that is different.

Your path to it was way different than mine. Your path was shorter. It was more efficient. I doubt there was much of a time where you were like, “Oh yes, I’m not going to do–“ you were 24 and you’re like, “I’m not doing that rewrite for this amount of money because it’s just not where my heart is, even though I have nothing else going on at the moment.” No, you just say yes.

John: I think saying yes is the right approach to most of these situations. I would say, you’re publicly saying yes, but internally, you should also be thinking about what is it I hope to get out of this experience? Do I want to meet some new people? Do I want to try this new visual effects tool that I’ve not gotten a chance to use? Do I want to get more stuff from my reel? SoVeryTired, you say that you are a writer/director, and VFX artist. If your goal is really to be a writer/director, do be mindful that you’re not only taking VFX jobs and never actually getting around to the thing that you actually want to do, which is writer/director.

There is a reality of people sometimes will distract themselves by taking a bunch of not-so-meaningful stuff because they know their main goal is hard. You’re young, you’re early in your career, do the things. If people are asking you to do a thing, say yes.

Craig: First of all, you’re not very tired. I’m sorry. You can’t be that tired yet. I’m very tired. I’m very tired. I just shot 12 hours a day for 7 months. I’m 53 years old. I’m very tired. You can’t be very– if you’re this tired already, bad news for you. Now, I’m making presumptions. Because even though it’s early in his career, it doesn’t necessarily mean it’s early in his life. He could be 70 for all I know. Doesn’t matter. When you start, the one thing you really can’t afford to be is tired. This is when you’re supposed to have boundless energy. This is actually a pep talk.

I agree with John. If you go into this VFX thing, if it’s for a little bit of money or whatever, you’re hoping to get something out of it. Sometimes, you know what, you don’t know who you’re going to meet. That’s the crazy part. You don’t know who you’re going to meet on this gig. That person– how many stories are there of like two PAs meet, love each other creatively, write a script, become a thing? That happens.

John: Here’s what we’re not saying. We’re not saying you should do a thing that your spider sense says, “Don’t do.”

Craig: Of course.

John: If there’s people involved, you’re like, “I don’t think these are good people,” then that’s not worth your time.

Craig: Correct.

John: Don’t say yes to bad situations.

Craig: You want to basically say yes to things that you are actively interested in or things that don’t seem offensive and may therefore get you some additional experience. You want to be a writer/director? Well, bad news, hardest thing to be, rarest thing to be. We’ve talked a lot about shorts, which everyone seems to have and no one seems to watch, and the questionable value of those.

John: We have a question about that today.

Craig: Oh, well, you know what, maybe we’ll get to that question if I shut the fuck up. Once we do it, right?

John: Yes.

Craig: Once we do it, we do it. It’s been a long time. It’s been a long time since I cursed on this show.

John: On this show?

Craig: Yes. It’s pointless.

Drew: A second question here from Ben. Ben writes, “I’m an office coordinator in the facilities and real estate department for a major film studio. I took this job to make connections and hopefully get a job as a screenwriter. However, I find myself at an impasse today because of a few different factors. First, a lot of the connections and development that I’ve made were just laid off. Second, I just received an offer doing the same facilities job, but at a video game studio for double the pay. Finally, I recently got a publishing agent who also handles film and TV rights for my books, and I really enjoy writing novels now, not just screenplays.

If you were in my shoes, would you take the video game job and know that you’ll still be writing novels that have a slim chance of getting turned into movies anyway, or would you stay at the film studio and try to make more connections?

John: This one is so easy to me.

Craig: We’ve never had more of a slam dunk in our lives.

John: Take the video game job.

Craig: Oh my God.

John: You’re working in the facilities and real estate department for a major film studio. That’s nothing.

Craig: That’s like working in the facilities and office coordination area at Ralph’s or anywhere. It doesn’t matter. The fact that it’s at a studio is completely irrelevant.

John: If you worked at Universal Studios in the theme park side, you’re not any closer to the film and television business.

Craig: Correct. You’re just geographically close to the film business. Look, you made a mistake of perception. You thought, “Okay, if I work in the office and real estate section of a movie studio, I will be able to make connections to sell screenplays.” Never in a million years is that going to happen. You don’t come into contact with those people that’s not part of your job. However, it sounds like you’re very good at your job because this other company is offering you all this money to do it. Of course, also, you seem to like writing novels. Where are all your screenplays?

Your novels are doing well. They’re getting published. Maybe people are going to talk about adapting them. Great. Maybe you’ll be the person to try and adapt. Who knows? You are not at all in the right place to make “Connections.” Someone’s offering you double the money to do the same gig and you can still write novels on the side? This is like walking up to a 1 foot-high basketball hoop and dunking. John, dunking is the act of taking a basketball…

John: I know what dunking is.

Craig: Okay, just checking.

John: It sounds like this is your day job. Basically, they’re offering you a day job that pays twice as much because it seems like you really perceive yourself as a writer and possibly a novelist rather than a screenwriter. These are wonderful things. Many great novelists have come out of working day jobs their whole lives. It also sounds like this job is not taxing you mentally. It sounds like– I was an intern at Universal. There were three assistants above me and I was the intern below them. I had no responsibilities. I came home from work and I had not used my brain at all. I wrote my first screenplay those evenings.

Craig: Yes. When I was an intern at Fox Network, I was 20. My responsibility was to work for the assistant to the assistant to a guy. That meant xeroxing and covering phones for about 30 minutes where everyone was panicked I would screw it up. You’re absolutely right. When I got in my car, my brain emptied completely. I haven’t had that feeling since 1991.

John: It’s so nice.

Craig: It’s so nice to just know job ended. Go home. Think about not job at all because job done. Sounds like you got that nailed and you have time to write novels.

John: I bet because you’d be working at Starbucks and you’d have the same situation, you’d be exhausted because you would have been on your feet all day.

Craig: Exactly. Here you’re sitting in an office. You’re good at it. You answer some– you set up some people with some office space for– This one. Oh, one of the easiest ones we’ve ever had.

John: Love it. All right. Two questions here about career momentum.

Drew: Stu writes, “I was hired to write the pilot and Bible for two major sci-fi television franchises, each of which for various reasons never made it to production. I recently saw that the producers have now teamed up with a very well-known late-night talk show host to produce the series and they’re looking for a writer. Apparently I got fired without ever being informed I was fired, which sounds like Hollywood.”

John: I’ve been there.

Drew: “My frustration beyond the obvious is that I put a good four years of work into this project and I’m quite proud of it. Yet outside of a few offhand mentions buried deep in the internet, my contribution to the franchise seems to have been erased from our timeline. It seems childish to update my own IMDb page with the project in question. My question is less about what to do about this particular project and more what I should be doing to ensure that I can maintain industry visibility when I’m hired to write something that 9 times out of 10 will never make it out of development.”

Craig: Oh my God. What are we going to do with this generation?

John: First off, the easiest thing is you do not update your IMDb.

Craig: No.

John: No. No, absolutely not.

Craig: No.

John: Great. You were hired to write a pilot and Bible for two major TV franchises. I am assuming that got you reps. I don’t think this is going to be a situation like our mistakes on Hallmark movies. If these are major things, you have reps. They know the work you did. You got paid for them. They have those as samples that they can show around and give you additional work. Focus on what you’re doing next and you got to move past thinking about these two things that didn’t happen.

Craig: We have to talk about the value of recognizing and appreciating our failures. We fail all the time. In this case, a failure occurred. I’m not saying it was a failure of creativity. What you wrote might’ve been incredible, but here’s what happened. It wasn’t enough to get it made. Then the people that own the property had a conversation with some late-night talk show host who loves that property. No one has any interest in what you did. It doesn’t matter. They just hit reset and started over. You’re sitting here talking about all of those years and the pride and all the rest. You got paid. You took a job. You got paid. You took the money.

Welcome to being a professional in Hollywood. Put your pride away. Don’t go on IMDb with a, “Look at me thirsty, uncredited.” Every time anybody with an uncredited on their page, it’s a stain, as far as I’m concerned. All it says is maybe I did something, maybe I’m lying, or maybe I got fired. Either way, nothing good. What’s wrong with going, “Okay, lost. I lost that game.” Doesn’t make me a bad player. It just means you can’t win them all. I lost it. What industry visibility are you hoping to get from being a washout on a project? The only visibility you can get is a guy that got–

You weren’t even fired by the way. You weren’t fired. You were hired to do something. You did it. Job ended. That’s not even fired. It just means they didn’t want to keep going with you. That’s independent contracting.

Look, I know I have shame issues. I know that. I know that I’m not healthy, but it just seems like we have to get the pendulum swinging a little bit back towards, let’s not say shame. Let’s just say humility. This thing of, “Well, I worked on it, so therefore I deserve something from it.” You got something. Money, experience. Move on.

John: Now, down the road, if this project happens and it’s the same producers, you may still be in the chain of title for this thing. You may still end up with some credit on it.

Craig: Who knows.

John: Who know. You cannot be banking on that. You cannot be focused on that, because Craig and I both know too many writers who got so obsessed with this one thing that didn’t happen and it derailed their careers.

Craig: It’ll kill you. It’s a poison in your veins. To me, I am angry because I didn’t get to succeed on this. I’m not going to say I failed. I’m angry about this and I’m going to fight it in my heart and soul and also in the world somehow.

That’s one of the great poisons that can be in your blood in this business. The other one is envy. When you are watching other people and going, “Well, I should be where that lady is. It’s not fair that she’s there. I’m better than her.” None of that shit is going to help you ever. It’s only– not only to hurt you, it will keep you from succeeding all the time. There is nothing wrong.

By the way, Stu, the most Hollywood thing about you is that you worked on something that it didn’t work out. That’s the ultimate Hollywood professional thing. You don’t think that’s happened to me? You don’t think that’s happened to John? Not once, not twice, but maybe 10 times. It’s just what happens, man. You got to just– you got to let it go. Come on. Come on, Stu. Stu, be the guy that got that job. Don’t be the guy that lost that job.

John: Craig and I have both had conversations with– we’ve had folks on this podcast who were the subsequent writers on projects that we had initially done.

Craig: Yes, of course.

John: You roll with it.

Craig: Absolutely. Look, you and I have both sat in movie theaters, watching movies that are huge hits that our names aren’t on. We weren’t even sent a copy that we wrote a lot of. We took the money. It’s about not getting defined by these things and also not clinging to this one thing is like, “Look what I did.” Next. No one cares what you did four years ago.

John: Here’s the related thing, is I think we talk about writers whose career could derail because they get too obsessed about the thing that didn’t happen. There’s also writers who get too obsessed about the thing that did happen. The success that happened and like, well, that’s it for them. “I had this one success. I got this nomination on this movie was a hit,” and they’re not thinking about what comes after.

Craig: There is a well-known study. I don’t know if it’s apocryphal or not, but that when directors in particular win an Oscar award, the time between that and their next movie is way larger than the time between whatever the median director is and their next feature. It’s because there’s this awards paralysis of, “I must now be precious.” Keep going, man. Just keep going, kids. None of it matters. Did you sell something today? Celebrate. Celebrate for three days if you want. When Monday comes around, get back to work. Do the next thing.

John: I was watching a movie this last week that I thought was fantastic. I was wondering like, “Where is this director’s next movie?” Because this is 10 years and the next movie has not happened. I emailed my manager who figured he’ll probably know this. I said, “What’s the deal? Did this person get secretly canceled? Is there a problem? I don’t understand.” It’s like, “Oh no, apparently he wants his next movie to be something he writes himself, and he’s just having a hard time writing that script.”

Ten years?

Craig: John, see, he wants something. What he wants has nothing to do with how he does his best work. What he wants has everything to do with his pride. “I don’t want to share it. I don’t want somebody else to get it. It’s me. I’m the man. Me. Me.” Well, you’re not. There’s nothing wrong with that either.

John: I do wonder whether there’s a sunk cost fallacy. It’s like, “Now, I’ve spent seven years working on this thing. Maybe I’ll spend another three years.” He should have directed three movies in that time.

Craig: Cut, bait, move on. You can’t. Maybe it’s an offshoot of follow your dreams, do your passion, all that crap, that then leads people who are underemployed and under-credited to behave as if they’re not.

I still struggle to say no to things because I’m panicked that it’ll all end. I have to, because I don’t have the time. That’s because I’m working. There’s no part of me ever that was like, “What? I’m above that.” The only time that I was like, I was very focused on, “I want to try and do something that’s different than the things I’m doing.” And that’s why I did Chernobyl. I did it. And I got to tell you, while I was doing that, I was writing other stuff. I was rewriting things left and right for money.

Because Chernobyl, the entire thing, paid me about what I would make in a week and a half on production rewrites on some very good movies and some spectacularly awful ones. That’s okay. I needed money to support my family while I did this. I never, ever just hit the brakes and was like, “I am now God’s little special, passionate dream child.” I’m in a mood today.

John: You are in a mood today.

Craig: You know what? There’s nothing wrong with that.

John: Let’s move on to Michael here.

Craig: Stu’s probably like, “What the fuck? Jesus, just say, just say no.”

Drew: Michael’s thinking about the next thing. Michael says, “My first short film was recently turned into a film that has won several prestigious awards in my home country. However, the biggest surprise is that it won Best International Short at an Oscar qualifying festival in the States, making it eligible for a 2025 nomination.”

Craig: Congrats.

Drew: “I understand that being long listed isn’t life changing. However, I don’t want whatever potential opportunities that might come from this to pass me by. I’m uncertain about my next steps. Should I continue to focus on developing another short film, or would it be more strategic to shift towards a feature script or TV series? If I’m lucky enough to be in a position where I’m speaking to anyone about potential future projects, I want to make sure I have something in the chamber.”

Craig: I feel like I’m dying.

John: Craig’s shaking his head. You go to that third paragraph and it’s like-

Craig: I feel like everyone’s turned into a fucking agent.

John: Here, I want to make sure we’re catching this. My first short film script was recently turned into a film. Michael is not the writer director, is the writer of the short film script. Michael, I’m so happy for you. I’m so happy the short turned out great. You as the writer will get a very small bump off of this. The writer directors and directors get bumps off of shorts. You will not. Anything you’re doing now to write other stuff that people can see is what you should be doing. Writing another short is not the best use of your time.

Craig: There is literally one way to convert this into value for you, Michael. That is to have whoever sends your script, your next script to someone, whether it’s you or a representative, they get to say in that little thing, “This script is from so-and-so whose movie that he wrote got this award, this award and was long listed, shortlisted or even won an Oscar.” That’s it. Period. The end. Meaning there is nothing to get from this. It happened. They need scripts. There has to be a script. Keep writing. Stop calculating so much. Everybody is just, “How do I convert this into max?” Because that’s the way everyone fucking talks now. It’s unreal. I see it.

You know there used to be, there was a bunch of fake gurus and you hated them? There’s too many now. There’s not enough hate in the world. Everyone now is obsessed with strategizing. I’m like, “You want to cut through all the strategizing? Write a good script. Then you don’t need strategy.” Guess what? My former writing assistant for season two of The Last of Us, I won’t say her name or anything about it identifying because I haven’t asked her for permission. I’ll simply say this. This is an unassuming human being who has the least amount of strategizing of anybody I know. She’s just a very simple, cool, down-to-earth person who’s a bit shy, a bit diffident, a bit nervous.

Well she wrote a script. And I don’t know who initially saw it or got it but there’s a full seven studio bidding war over this thing going on right now. The strategizing got no further than her calling me in a panic going, “I’m terrified and I feel like no one’s really on my side during this.” I was like, “Well, who are your representatives? Who’s your lawyer?” “I don’t have one.” “Got it, done. Now you have my lawyer. Now someone’s on your side. Go with God and congrats.” No planning, no conversions, just writing a script. Which, by the way, Michael, that’s how you got into this position in the first place. You wrote a script. Just keep going. Oh my God. It’s over. Let it go.

John: I do wonder if some of the strategizing that we’ve seen over this last, I’d say the last 10 years has been more of a focus on that. I think, I wonder if social media and the way that you get the instant gratification of like the likes and the re-shares is an acceleration. “This thing has happened, so therefore I have to capitalize on it.”

Craig: Oh yes. It’s poisonous. Everyone thinks that that’s getting you something. It’s getting you nothing. You are all just huffing air and pretending it’s special. It’s not. There’s nothing happening there that matters. As a writer, nothing. Your screenplays matter. The self-promotion, the strategizing, the, “Look at me,” all that stuff, if it makes you feel good, great. Hopefully you recognize that, but it doesn’t matter. The scripts, that’s it. Write something. Keep writing. Stop talking so much about it. Do it instead. I say that as somebody who’s on episode 609,000, but that’s only because you make me. I’m your indentured servant.

John: The last thing I’ll say to Michael is if you had a good experience with this director who did the short and you want to do other stuff, that might make sense. If they are getting some traction and you can be the person getting traction there with them, you can get in some meetings, fantastic. That’s a way that you could actually get out of this.

Craig: You can certainly, you can contact the producers of the film. You can contact maybe the studio that’s releasing it. It’s an easy one for at least for somebody to pick up the phone and go, “You wrote a thing that we made, of course.” Like I said, short of saying, “Hey, this is what I did, therefore, you might want to read the next thing–“

John: If you’re on anybody’s radars, if you’re on the radar of a Sundance Institute and it helps you get into the Sundance Labs, if that’s the thing you’re interested in, could be useful.

Craig: Apply.

John: Apply.

Craig: Anyone can apply.

John: Anyone can apply.

Craig: There’s no strategizing.

John: Two questions on IP stuff.

Drew: Wendy writes, “We’re starting to show our pitch deck around town to gain the interest of an actor. We have an NDA that everyone so far has agreed to sign.”

Craig: NDA, everyone knows that term.

Drew: “We have interest from a verbal pitch by a well-known actor, and his manager is telling us that they don’t sign NDAs. Is this common practice? When I worked as a producer at Imagineering at Disney, we wouldn’t let anyone in the door without signing an NDA. I feel the same way with this, but wanted to make sure that was correct.”

John: I think that anybody’s willing to sign an NDA for you is surprising. NDAs are not common for me as an individual to go out and do a thing. Disney is notorious. You’re not allowed to walk in that Disney Magic Hat building without signing an NDA.

Craig: That’s for them. We shouldn’t also know that abbreviation. We should be innocent of these things. It’s a nondisclosure agreement. Anybody that comes and auditions for us, visits our set, walks near our props, has to sign an NDA. If you’re talking with people about maybe working on something together, I’ve never asked. I personally, I’ve never asked anyone to sign an NDA in my life. It’s sending a little bit of an amateur vibe, I think, to say like, “This actor, we want to talk with you, but we don’t really trust you.”

John: I think it’s Silicon Valley NDAs are more common. When you’re going to pitch a concept of a–

Craig: Of course, because it’s financial, it’s about investing. This is about collaboration. Unless I’m misunderstanding.

John: No, it seems like it is. My answer to Wendy is I don’t think you should be stressed about it. Just don’t worry about it. They’re not going to sign an NDA. Then take that as–

Craig: I can see where like, if your whole career– Wendy worked in Imagineering?

John: Yes.

Craig: I get, your whole career you’ve been signing NDAs. People have been signing NDAs. Nobody can go to the bathroom without an NDA because, “Oh my God, no one can know about the Star Wars hotel or whatever.” But that’s that. You might think like, “That’s been my life. Therefore, it’s what we should do.” No, not in this circumstance. It doesn’t feel like it to me. Look, hopefully you have a lawyer who is working with you, but I’m not really sure what it is that they’re going to disclose anyway that’s so damaging.

John: Drew, let’s jump ahead to Brandon, who’s also sort of IP.

Drew: Brandon writes, “An artist friend and I were originally planning a comic book idea called Monster Agents. I handles all the writing, he worked on art concepts for the characters. But due to his schedule, a comic doesn’t seem likely. He gave me full support and permission to move on with adopting our comic idea into a children’s animation series. I began adapting my own comic scripts to a television pilot and it’s gotten some fantastic grades from some screenwriting feedback services, with many people believing this would work great as a television series for kids. I’ve started organizing a pitch deck and this leads to my question. In any of my pitch materials or on the front of my screenplay, do I say, adapted from the comic book concept?”

“The comic book never left basic storyboards, character concept drawings and scriptwriting phases. Also, it’s me adapting my own work from one medium to another, so would that be weird to mention? Should I just present it as purely an original television animation concept?”

John: So we actually have an answer here. Source material is defined in the WJ credits manual as, “material assigned to the writer that was previously published or exploited and upon which the writer’s work will be based.” This was not a comic book that was published out in the world. This is still an original idea.

Craig: It wasn’t even made. The answer to your question is no. That would be like saying, “Adapted from an idea that I had.” So not adapted. It’s new. It’s a new thing. The fact that you talked about it with people or even the fact that somebody illustrated images that you’re not currently using to promote it or anything like that, no.

John: The degree to which this was a collaboration between you and this artist friend, if you guys, this was your joint thing that you were doing together, I think it’s shitty to try to cut them out of this. You have to have a conversation with them to what degree are they a story collaborator on this?

Craig: It sounds like the other person was like, “Go do it. I drew some things, but we couldn’t turn it into a comic book.” If in the development of it, monsters started looking like the monsters that the artist drew, that would be a discussion to have, of course. But no, it’s an original work.

What was common, I don’t know if they’re still doing it, but in the 2000s and 2010s, it was common for people to nearly self-publish some sort of graphic novel to then go to studios and say, “I wrote a graphic novel, it’s IP, let’s set it up here and then I’ll adapt it into a screenplay.” That was somehow schmuckbait for dumb executives who couldn’t tell. Basically, they were just selling you a screenplay, but they just wrote it and put some pictures on it and published it at some baloney press. You could do that, but why?

John: There’s no advantage to it.

Craig: No, not anymore, I don’t think.

John: All right, let’s do our One Cool Things. I have two one cool things. First off is the new COVID vaccine, a booster shot that I got yesterday. I got it in my arm. Craig, you don’t need it because you just got it.

Craig: I just had nature’s COVID vaccine.

John: You just got the COVID vaccine. It’s out there, so everyone should get it. I always recommend the flu shots. From the very start of the program, I would recommend the flu shots. Now it’s the COVID booster.

Craig: I need to pick a week where I’m okay with being a little gross for a few days because I do need to get the shingles vaccine. Shingrix.

John: I got my shingles vaccine. It did, makes you feel bad. The second one hurts more than the first one.

Craig: Is it a series of two shots?

John: It’s two shots.

Craig: Hurts like your arm swells up kind of hurts?

John: No. They just feel bad. The shot hurts a little bit.

Craig: Your body reaction?

John: Yes.

Craig: Remember the first COVID vaccines, how much they hurt? The next day, your arm was like, ow.

John: My arm was a little bit sore.

Craig: Oh man, it really hurt. Then everyone was like, “That means it’s working.” I’m like, “I’m sure it is.”

John: My second one thing is a feature they’ve added onto threads, which I think is actually really smart. It’s called Hide for Everyone. Basically, if someone is replying to your post and is just being a jerk, and you tap Hide for Everyone, it just sends them into a void where they don’t know that you’ve hidden it from everybody else.

Craig: This feature is one of the most brilliant things. Back in the old days when I was on the writers’ BBS-type forums, there was a setting on this old, I think it was V Bulletin, I think it was called. There was a setting called Send to Coventry. It meant that person would not know that anyone couldn’t hear them. No one else would know that person was talking. They would just go on and on. No one knew. They didn’t know. It was wonderful because some people, oh my God. Send to Coventry, so that’s what they’ve done here, which is brilliant. Love it.

John: The other feature is you can, if you’re getting piled onto for a post you’ve made, you can disconnect that post from the feedback.

Craig: I see.

John: It just sort of takes you out of that.

Craig: To short circuit the viral kickback?

John: Yes.

Craig: You know what really does that? The best version of Hide for everyone.

John: Stay off social media?

Craig: Stay off social media. That’s what I’ve done. I have the ultimate Hide from Everybody. Disconnect. It doesn’t seem to have slowed me down, even though strategically I’m not leveraging my social media reach. Barf.

John: Barf.

Craig: Barf.

John: Craig, you got any one cool things for us?

Craig: It’s an old one cool thing, but it’s a renewed one cool thing because it’s just so goddamn cool. Obviously Baldur’s Gate 3 was my one cool thing when I first played it through. Now that we’ve wrapped, I’ve picked it back up to do a new playthrough, which is a little painful at first because you have to like learn a new character and you’re trying to break your old patterns and you want to experience different things.

John: You’re on rails for that first little section too. I find frustrating.

Craig: Ish. But that’s the thing. On this playthrough, as a totally different character, I’ve just made a point of like, “I’m going to slow down and look everywhere.” And the amount of shit that I had missed-

John: Totally.

Craig: -is insane. I’m not even talking about things that were like, “Well you made this choice. That gets cut off for you. I’m talking about-

John: A Little geographic exploration.

Craig: Correct. It’s bananas. Larian is just a little miracle. It was, it’s honestly like a little miracle. It’s hard to believe. The first playthrough, did you by any chance fight Raphael?

John: I did. Yes.

Craig: You did? That’s a, that’s a tough fight. That’s the toughest fight in the game.

John: It’s a really tough fight.

Craig: 666 hit points.

John: Of course the special song that plays.

Craig: The special song, which is catchy.

John: On your first playthrough, I bet you did not do the Githyanki crush.

Craig: I did.

John: You did?

Craig: I did. That’s the thing. On my first playthrough, I didn’t go to the house of hope. I didn’t do that. That entire thing I missed. I’m just saying like, “Wait, here’s a whole weird house with a thing in it that was in the corner of a map that I didn’t know was there.” There’s so much stuff. I thought I’d picked through all of it. In Laroque and the wizard in Baldur’s Gate, that tower has so much shit in it that I was not aware of. Now I am. God damn, that game is good. It’s so good. You know what? We should play D&D tonight.

John: I think we will. We should go to your house and play some D&D.

Craig: Huzzah.

John: What do we eat for D&D?

Craig: You know what? Whatever you want. You tell me and I’ll order it up.

John: I think some Burger Lounge could be good.

Craig: Burger Lounge? Done.

John: It’s been a minute.

Craig: It works every time.

John: That is it for Scriptnotes for today. It’s produced by Drew Marquardt.

Craig: What?

John: Edited by Matthew Cilelli.

Craig: Oh God.

John: Outro this week is by Nick Moore. If you have an outro, you can send us a link to ask@johnaugust.com. That is also the place where you can send questions. You’ll find show notes for this episode and all episodes at johnaugust.com

That’a also where you find the transcripts, and sign up for our weekly newsletter called Interesting, which has lots of links to things about writing. We have t-shirts and hoodies and drinkware. They’re all great. You’ll find them at Cotton Bureau, and hats. Hats are great. You can sign up to become a premium member at scriptnotes.net where you get all the back episodes and bonus segments like the one we’re about to record on words we know, but never use.

Craig: Like GithHub.

John: Craig, thank you so much.

Craig: Thank you.

[Bonus Segment]

John: Alright, Craig. The motivation behind this segment was I recognized that there were words that I knew, but I was never actually using. I’d be nervous to type them, but I certainly wouldn’t say them in a conversation. It’s like, “Am I going to get it wrong?” For example, I got reticent wrong on the podcast and people called me out. I was like, “That’s right. It does not mean reluctant. I was using it as that.” Here’s a word that I’ve heard you use. This is the one.

Craig: Decrement?

John: Yes. I’ve heard you in the course of D&D say dee-crement rather than decrement.

Craig: Sometimes I’ll say dee-crement. I don’t know which is better, pronunciation wise.

John: Dee-crement matches up well with decrease and with the opposite of increment, but it does go down. Yes. Then I also listened to this past week, wrote in to say we should talk about bathos, and do you even know what bathos is?

Craig: I know that it’s not pathos.

John: Bathos is an effect of anticlimax created by an unintentional lapse in mood from sublime to the trivial or ridiculous. You might say, “His epic poem has passages of almost embarrassing bathos.”

Craig: It’s not going to come up often.

John: It’s not going to come up all that often.

Craig: No. It certainly is going to come up constantly in the staff meetings at the English department, classics departments at various colleges.

John: I thought we might take a look through some words that I will see used, and I’ve never been tempted to try to use.

Craig: Let’s play this game. I’m certain to fail.

John: Desultory.

Craig: Desultory?

John: Have you ever used it?

Craig: No.

John: Desultory is lacking a plan or purpose or enthusiasm. “A few people left dancing in a desultory fashion.”

Craig: Okay. A fancy way of saying random.

John: Yes, random.

Craig: Purposeless. Aimless. Unfocused.

John: Yes, I think the fact that we have really good alternative things for it is-

Craig: Don’t need it.

John: Induritize.

Craig: Induritize?

John: Yes, to harden the heart.

Craig: That’s just ridiculous.

John: We don’t need it.

Craig: Because we have inure. Inure to. Induritize. That almost feels like a mistake.

John: It does feel like a mistake. Not necessarily a word. Ebullient.

Craig: Ebullient means with bravado and confidence.

John: Confidence and joy and enthusiasm. I get the word. I’ve just never been tempted to use it.

Craig: Nah, it feels like you’re an asshole if you use that word.

John: Importune. To importune upon somebody.

Craig: To importune is to, is that to prevail upon them in an interrupting way, to force yourself upon someone?

John: Yes. Again, I’ve not needed it.

Craig: It’s not necessary.

John: Assent, so assent not to climb up, but to give one’s assent to a thing.

Craig: That’s to give your nod of approval. That I do use all the time.

John: Yes, with your assent. I use it as a matching to dissent, but it’s not a word I would reach for.

Craig: Do you give me your assent? What it’s been replaced with is consent. People are obsessed with consent.

John: Consent, but they’re not the same word.

Craig: They are not the same word.

John: Consent is agreeing to a thing.

Craig: A mutual agreement. Whereas assent is, and I think a lot of times when people say consent, they mean assent. Which is, “I assent to you doing this to me.” Consent is, “We both agree this will happen.”

John: Expatiate.

Craig: Oh boy. I guess it would mean to send somebody away from their country?

John: That sounds right. Expatriate is how I think it would be. If you think about it. Expatiate is to speak or write in detail about, expatiate upon.

Craig: Couldn’t have been wronger.

John: Again, a word that we’re not going to use.

Craig: Also, I said wronger.

John: Do you ever use mettle? Mettle, like prove you’re mettle?

Craig: Yes.

John: I don’t think I’ve ever used it.

Craig: Yes. To test someone’s mettle? Sure.

John: Rakish is a word I know. I never use it.

Craig: A rake, a rake is sort of a slightly caddish guy. A rakishness, rakish audacity is one of the things in D&D. Rakish. You’re a bit suave and cool and sassy.

John: Confidently careless and informal.

Craig: There you go.

John: Censorious.

Craig: Censorious, so that’s with a C?

John: Yes.

Craig: I assume that means in the matter of a censor, meaning prohibiting things.

John: Prohibiting, it’s actually criticizing.

Craig: Like censure?

John: Yes.

Craig: I see, interesting.

John: Insipid is a thing, I know it’s negative, but I’ve never actually had the opportunity to use it.

Craig: Stupid, banal, boring, witless.

John: Here’s a word, peruse, which does not mean what we think it means.

Craig: No, it does not.

John: It’s drifted and now it just means-

Craig: Peruse is in the category of decimate, and has become the opposite of what it means. Peruse means to study something very carefully, but everybody uses it to mean briefly scan for something. Where decimate means remove one-tenth of something and everyone thinks it means remove 90% of something.

John: Harsh. Laconic. Laconic is using words, using a lot of words or using very few words?

Craig: Very few.

John: Yes, and to me it feels like using a lot of words, therefore I’ve never reached for the word.

Craig: Laconic is a classic SAT word that gets grouped in with terse, brusque.

John: Perfidy.

Craig: Perfidy is lying, it’s being a liar.

John: Yes, have you ever used it?

Craig: I’ve used perfidious. Perfidy as a crime, rarely spoken of.

John: Supercilious.

Craig: Supercilious is a wonderful word that means snobby, basically. It comes from, it basically means raising your eyebrow. Super above cilia, the eyebrow.

John: Nice.

Craig: It literally comes from like, “I’m better than you.”

John: With your word game background, you’re probably encountering some of these words that you’re not even reading that often, but they exist.

Craig: They’re part of my life.

John: They’re part of your life but they’re not necessarily things that I would, even knowing what they mean, I would be not inclined to put them in my own writing.

Craig: Supercilious, if I used that word, I would be aware that I was almost self-defining as supercilious. It’s a word that means, like sesquipedalian means a lengthy word. You’re a dick if you say supercilious. You’re being supercilious. Nobody’s going to be like, “That common word.”

John: The challenge here is they’re not dead words. They’re words that people could use and people can understand, but they’re nearly dead words because you can’t count on a person understanding what your intention is behind them. While they could probably pick it out of context, it’s tough.

Craig: If you note, quite a few of these words are either Latin or Greek-rooted. We tend in English to move more towards the Germanic, our Germanic roots and our Scandinavian roots. There’s no way that the Romans or the Greeks didn’t come up with snobby. That’s going to have to be from the Vikings, right? Something like that. Supercilious, yes, very Latin.

John: As we talked about on the show before, English is unusual in that. We had a whole bunch of words and then the French came in and we took all of their words too. We have a bunch of redundant words that actually have the same origin.

Craig: That is correct. We have both small and petite.

John: Yes, which is fun. Royal and regal, which is good. There’s also the words that on podcasts I hear mispronounced and I’m always so surprised when it happens. This last week I heard re-present for represent. It wasn’t that they were re-presenting something that they presented before. They actually just said re-present.

Craig: Like he represents a version of, yes, that’s wrong. It’s just wrong.

John: It’s just wrong. I hear prefix.

Craig: No. Who says prefix? Prefix, like prix fixe menu?

John: Prefix menu. Tell me your objection.

Craig: I thought you meant prefix.

John: Not prefix. Not the thing that comes before a thing. Prix fixe like a fixed price menu. People will try to over-journalize the rules they think they know about French and so they’ll say, so they’ll say “pree fee,” or…

Craig: No. There’s a weird thing. You’re talking about prefix. Now, by the way, with that, I understand people can mispronounce French words. Especially with Xs.

John: Sometimes they’ll be so insistent that they’re doing it right.

Craig: There’s something that Melissa pointed out to me that I didn’t believe was true. Then the moment she said it, I encountered it many times. A little bit like when her cousin pointed out that a lot of people say hythe. I was like, “No, they don’t.” Then literally for the rest of my life, I’ve just been hearing hythe from people. I just, hythe from very educated people will say hythe. It’s mind-blowing. There are quite a few people who pronounce the word concierge, “conciere”. That’s insane. If it ended in a T? Sure. It doesn’t. It ends in a G. Do we say garage instead of “Gara,” instead of “Garage?” It doesn’t even follow internal rules. Outrageous.

John: Drew, you were pointing out at lunch yesterday that you had confusion about a small wiener dog.

Drew: Yeah, I thought that dachshunds and “dash-unds” were two different types of dogs until probably my late 20s.

Craig: What is it you thought? You saw the word dachshund. You thought it was pronounced “dash-unds”.

Drew: No, I heard the word dachshund. I was like, “That’s a type of dog.” Then I saw the word dachshund and was like, “That’s a wiener dog.”

John: He thought like the dog he was seeing would be, a dachshund would be like a D-O-X-I-N or something?

Drew: Probably D-O-X-E-N is what it was in my head, but that makes no sense.

Craig: It’s actually logical, but hund, hound, it’s all there.

Drew: I wasn’t that bad.

Craig: It was there for you. You just needed to reach a little harder.

John: Those are the words that are like, where once you understand. I think we were talking about lunch also, about like cupboard, like the word, it feels like there should be a word C-U-B-B-A-R-D.

Craig: It is odd that cupboard is pronounced cupboard. We have a few of those strange, very English abbreviated pronunciations like that. I don’t know why. It’s actually, cupboard is a really interesting one. It doesn’t make any sense. I remember as a kid thinking, “Why? Mother Hubbard, H-U-B-B-A-R-D, has nothing in her cupboard.”

John: Coxswain, like the person at the head of the boat. There are those things, which a lot of times place names will be the same situation where it’s like, “It’s spelled that way, but you don’t pronounce it anything like that.”

Craig: Other than spelling bee purposes, no one who hasn’t seen the word coxswain would ever spell it the way it’s spelled. It’s impossible.

John: C-O-X-S-W-A-I-N.

Craig: Correct.

John: That’s insane. It’s coxswain and then it’s coxswain and it’s one of those cupboard things.

John: It’s shortened down. I think the only takeaway I would say from this is that if you’re going to reach for one of those words, or if you have a character who’s reaching for one of those words, just understand that there’s the context around it. Understand that if the person uses one of these ambitious words, that tells you something about the character.

Craig: If you look at the text of the architects, two semi-monologues in the second Matrix movie, there are more high vocabulary words per minute than any other movie I’ve ever seen. Some of those words are incredible, like sedulous, but that was the point, was that he’s vastly smarter than you. Certainly than Neo.

I just like that Keanu Reeves’ character never was like, “Wait, what’s sedulous?” Which we made fun of in Scary Movie 4, because it was funny, but what is sedulous? Why would you let somebody say that in passing and not go, ”Sorry, roll back? What does that mean?” He was just like, “There’s been more of me.”

You don’t know what sedulous means, Neo.

John: I have no idea what sedulous means.

Craig: I still don’t know what sedulous means.

John: We have answers in our pockets. What does sedulous mean? “A person showing dedication, diligence.” “He washed himself with the most sedulous care.”

Craig: Sure. Careful would have been a perfectly good word.

John: Absolutely. That’s an example. It’s like, it’s not a needed word anymore.

Craig: No. I think that the Wachowskis certainly must have gone to a thesaurus and said like, “This guy is going to use these words as part of his character. We want people to be like, ‘What, huh?’” Otherwise they would have just said careful, or diligent even as a slightly more elevated word.

John: My guess is that the word makes persistent English a little bit because I suspect there is seduloso or some other Latinate language might still use it in a way that keeps it alive.

Craig: No one, I have never heard anyone in my life use the word sedulous. Except the architect in The Matrix. He is the only one, ergo. He did say ergo, which I love.

John: Very good. Thanks Craig.

Craig: Thank you.

Links:

  • Move Over Green Envelopes, WGA Rolls Out Direct Deposits For Residuals by Peter White for Deadline
  • WGA Screen Credits Manual
  • CDC Recommends Updated 2024-2025 COVID-19 and Flu Vaccines for Fall/Winter Virus Season
  • Hide posts on Threads
  • Baldur’s Gate 3
  • Get a Scriptnotes T-shirt!
  • Check out the Inneresting Newsletter
  • Gift a Scriptnotes Subscription or treat yourself to a premium subscription!
  • Craig Mazin on Threads and Instagram
  • John August on Threads, Instagram, Twitter and Mastodon
  • Outro by Nick Moore (send us yours!)
  • Scriptnotes is produced by Drew Marquardt and edited by Matthew Chilelli.

Email us at ask@johnaugust.com

You can download the episode here.

Scriptnotes, Episode 655: Conflict and Stakes Compendium, Transcript

October 21, 2024 Scriptnotes Transcript

The original post for this episode can be found here.

John August: Hello and welcome. My name is John August, and you’re listening to Episode 655 of Scriptnotes. It’s a podcast about screenwriting and things that are interesting to screenwriters.

Today on the show, it is a compendium episode, where we go back through the archives and find great topics and smush them together in one episode. Drew, tell us what you found this week.

Drew Marquardt: This compendium actually came about because I needed it this week.

John: You personally needed this.

Drew: I personally needed it.

John: You selfishly orchestrated-

Drew: Yes. This is just for me. It doesn’t apply to anyone else. But hopefully someone can get something out of it. I’m in the middle of revisions right now. Most of the notes I had were that the stakes were muddy, which I think is code for “I’m bored with this.”

John: They weren’t quite sure why they should continue to pay attention to your script.

Drew: Yeah. “Why am I turning the page?” I was trying to fix it at a structure level. I was hitting a brick wall. Not to make your head big, but I was like, “What did John and Craig say about this?” I went back, and in five minutes, you guys gave me the tools and shifted my perspective and cracked it open. It made me really excited, and I figured why not put it together.

John: Fantastic. Great. I’m glad this helped you out. Hopefully this will help out our listeners as well. Before we get into this compendium, we have one bit of news/housekeeping to handle.

In the 12 years we’ve been doing this podcast, I have learned that our listeners are brilliant and multitalented. When I’m looking for someone to do a thing, I know that I should start first with the people who listen to this podcast. This is one of those cases.

There is a little video game that I would like to make. Technically, genre-wise, it’s a deck-building rogue-like game in the vein of Slay the Spire or Balatro. If you recognize those titles and love them, great. If you don’t know those titles, seek them out. They’re very, very smart and very, very fun.

On paper, the game that we have been mapping out around the office seems really fun. We know the gameplay, the mechanics. But while our team is really good at making productivity apps like Highland or Weekend Read for the Mac and for iPhone, we are not video game developers. This is not our wheelhouse. But someone listening to this podcast probably is. That’s why I’m hoping we can find someone to come in and help us do this project. If you are this person or if you know this person, great. This may not be what you do for a living. We thrive in that space of really talented amateurs coming on board, so you may be the person we want. I have a longer job description written up, which Drew-

Drew: I’ll put a link in the show notes to that. You can apply through there.

John: Absolutely. You’ll see exactly what we’re looking for and how to send in information about who you are and what you’ve done before this. I have a hunch we’re gonna find somebody great. That’s it for the housekeeping. Drew, tell us about the show we’re listening to today.

Drew: It’s only two episodes that we’re pulling from. First is Episode 179, which is The Conflict Episode.

John: Legendarily, people got very nervous in this episode, because it sounded like Craig and I were not doing well.

Drew: We took that part out, but yes. Lots of really great stuff in there. Then we go to Episode 402, which is How Do You Like Your Stakes. That’s stakes from the fate of the world and all humanity, to personal stakes to characters, why it matters to them, down to the stakes of a given scene.

John: Great. Drew, you and I will be back at the end of all this with our One Cool Things and some boilerplate. But for our Premium members, what are they gonna hear in their Bonus Segment?

Drew: For our Bonus Segment for Premium members, stick around. You and Craig talk a lot about this conversation you’re going to have about the conflict in Whiplash, so we’ve saved that as a special segment for our Premium members.

John: Fantastic. I remember loving Whiplash. I actually remember doing that little segment on that, because I felt like the conflict between your hero and the antagonist was so detailed and precise and useful, applicable to a lot of other things.

Drew: And varied too.

John: Yeah. Great. We will start with The Conflict Episode and then get into stakes, and we’ll be back here at the end.

[Episode 179 Clip]

John: Let’s get into this topic of conflict, because you, in our pre-notes, listed seven forms of conflict, which I thought were really, really smart. Do you want to start talking us through them?

Craig: Sure. Yeah. Actually, only six. So we’re already in conflict. Somebody brought this up on Twitter. We hear conflict all the time. Studio executives love to ask for more conflict, but they’re maybe sometimes not sure why. And sometimes I think people who aren’t writers miss the presence of conflict because they’re only looking for a certain kind.

But I think there are six kinds. This is what I came up with. There may be more. The first kind is the simplest: an argument. This is a physical fight or verbal argument. And we all know that conflict when we see it. That is not, however, the most common conflict. Nor is it often the most effective or impactful conflict in drama.

John: The little skit we were trying to do at the start of the episode, that’s an example of this kind of argument. Even if it’s like passive-aggressive, the way I would naturally be in my conflict, you can tell that it’s happening there. It’s really clear. It’s in the moment. There is a disagreement, and people are expressing their contrary opinions in that moment.

Craig: Yeah. They’re fighting. We have one word for both punching each other in the face and yelling at each other. They’re fighting.

The second kind of conflict is struggle against circumstance. This could be as simple as I’ve locked my keys in the car, or I’m freezing and I need to get warm. Man versus nature. Man versus object. Man getting laid off by corporation.

John: Absolutely. In the scene version of it, what you talk about, like a man getting locked out of his car, locked out of his house, that’s a scene. But then, of course, we can scale this up to the entire movie. You have Castaway. You have these big things about a man against a nature. It scales both directions.

Craig: Correct. And you’ll see that in most movies, even if there is one dominating kind of conflict, like struggle against circumstance in Castaway, they will find ways to then work in these other interesting sorts of conflicts, even to the point where you can see a conflict coming between Tom Hanks and a volleyball. It’s very smart.
John: Yes.

Craig: The third kind of conflict is an internal conflict. And I’ll call that unfulfilled desire. Essentially, I want something that I do not have. How can I get it?

John: The scene version of this is the girl across the bar that he’s trying to get to, and he cannot achieve that thing. But the inner conflict is usually driving more a movie level kind of issue. There is a goal in life that somebody has. Hopefully, it’s articulated clearly to us, the thing he or she wants. And that is a thing he cannot achieve.

Craig: And that conflict will drive all sorts of stuff. Rocky is about wanting something, unfulfilled desire. Rudy. A lot of sports movies are about this unfulfilled desire, believing that there is more in you. We’ll see certainly a ton of this in Whiplash. Whiplash really is about two kinds of conflicts: argument and unfulfilled desire.

John: The last thing I want to say about this kind of unfulfilled desire is going back to the Chuck Palahniuk conversation from last week. If that unfulfilled desire is an internal motivation, it’s the writer’s job to find a way to externalize it. To find ways to have our characters take action that lets us understand what’s going on inside their head. It’s the writer’s job to find the words that the characters can say to articulate what is actually happening inside, and to create situations that are little blocks along the way that lets them get closer to or further away from that goal.

Craig: A hundred percent. The worst thing you can do when you have an internal conflict is to have somebody explain it as if the audience is their therapist. Incredibly boring. But I always loved that scene in King of Comedy where you see Rupert Pupkin in his basement, and he’s set up a fake audience, and he is performing as the host of his talk show. What an amazing way to get across this unfulfilled desire. And then in the middle of it he’s yelling at his mother because she’s calling down to him about eating dinner. But you get it. You get the depth of his need and his want. And he’s already at conflict with the world.
John: I’m a hundred percent in agreement with you that we need to avoid that sort of sitting on the therapist’s couch and expressing your inner thoughts and desires. It’s almost always death.

Where that can be really helpful though is, again, that writing that happens off the page. And it may be very useful for writers who – if you’re struggling to get inside a character, write that scene that’s never gonna be in your movie. But write that thing where they are actually articulating their inner desire, because that way at least you have something that you can hold onto to know what it is that the character is going for. Someone who is writing a musical, those are the moments that are gonna become the songs.

Craig: The songs, right.

John: Characters sing their inner wants in ways that is incredibly useful in musicals. They don’t tend to express them the same ways in movies.

Craig: That’s right. And partly because we understand when a character is singing – particularly when they’re singing solo, they’re alone on stage – that we are hearing their inner thoughts. They’re not talking out loud to nobody. That would make them schizophrenic. We’re hearing what’s in their mind.

What’s interesting about conflict is that we often don’t understand the nature of our own inner conflict. Early on in a movie, what a character says they want may not really be what they ultimately want. They don’t yet have the bravery or insight to express what they truly want. At the end, they may sing a different song about or they may say a different thing about what they truly want. And that makes sense, because that’s when the conflict is resolved.

John: Yes. And the best of those songs, while the character is singing their inner thoughts, there’s a transformation and a change happening over the course of it. There is a realization that is happening while they’re singing their song. And expressing it to themselves, they actually have an insight and an understanding.

A good recent example is Emily Blunt’s song at the very end of Into the Woods. She has the song Moments in the Woods, where she actually has all these brilliant insights about what it is that she wants and wanted to have the prince and have the baker and have it all. Or at least have the memory of what it was like to have it all. And that’s a great thing that musicals can do that’s actually very hard to do in a straight movie.

Craig: Absolutely true. Yeah, it’s fun to watch somebody start to sing about one thing and then watch it turn into an “I want” song. Or start to sing an “I want” song and it starts to turn into an “I already have” song. It is fascinating. That’s what you get from that internal rhythm that you don’t get really from movies.

That’s our third type of conflict. Here’s the fourth kind: avoiding a negative outcome. That is, I need to figure out how to do something, but I have to do it in a way that doesn’t get me hurt. So a very simple kind of example of this conflict is I have to break up with this person. I just don’t want to hurt his feelings. That’s conflict.

John: Yeah. It is, absolutely. And this is the kind of conflict that you often see in comedies overall. If you think of any situation comedy, it’s generally one character is trying to do something without the other characters around them knowing that they’re trying to do that. And so it’s classically the I ended up on a date with two girls at once and I’m running between the two things.

You’re trying to avoid something embarrassing happening to yourself, and you’re making the situation worse by trying to just – if you just ripped off the Band-Aid, everything would be okay. But instead, you are dragging it out, and you are causing pain by trying to avoid it.

Craig: That’s right. Sitcoms are always very instructive because they are the most basic of these things. That’s where you get the line, “I should have been honest with you from the start, but I was just afraid that you would be so upset.” There’s a classic ’70s sitcom thing where someone leaves their pet with a neighbor, and then the pet gets out immediately. That’s classic avoiding a negative outcome.

John: Yes. Your next one was confusion.

Craig: Confusion. Right. This is an interesting kind of conflict that happens when – it’s different than struggle against circumstance. This is a lack of information. Essentially, you are at conflict with the world around you, because you don’t understand anything. Where am I? What’s going on? It doesn’t last long. But you can see that in a movie like The Matrix, for instance, where the conflict that we’re experiencing between Mr. Anderson and the world is one of confusion.

John: Definitely. And also, you can see it in movies like The Bourne Identity where he literally has no idea who he is. You can see it in movies where people are dropped into foreign lands and they have just no sense of understanding the rules of the world around them. The fish out of water movies are often cases where there’s just fundamental confusion, and you don’t know which side is up.

Craig: And you will see this in comedies also quite a bit. Private Benjamin, she’s confused. She’s clearly having arguments, and she’s clearly struggling against circumstance, but there is also just that terrible feeling of confusion and being lost in the world around you.

And then lastly, dilemma. Very simple kind of conflict we all know. You have to make a choice. The problem is all the choices are bad. And that’s a great conflict. Everybody likes that one.

John: Sophie’s Choice, of course, notoriously. But really, any situation between this guy or that guy; or Stanford or this; or do I break up with this person so I can have the opportunity for this person? These are fundamental dilemmas, and they feel familiar because we all experience them in real life.

The challenge is a dilemma is hard to sustain over the course of a movie. Dilemma can be like a crisis point, but if you keep your character floating in that in between for two hours, that’s probably going to be a frustrating movie.

Craig: Yeah. We like it when Hamlet waffles for awhile. We don’t want just nothing but waffling. You’re absolutely right. Some of these are better suited to moments. Confusion, for instance, cannot last the whole movie. If it does, everyone will be also in conflict and be angry. And there are filmmakers out there who seem to delight in placing the audience in positions of confusion. Perhaps confusion masquerading as art? But ultimately, the movies that I like the most are the movies that are both brilliant and not permanently confusing.

John: Agreed.

Craig: But yeah, dilemma and confusion are best used in small doses, for my taste at least.

John: For our next section, let’s talk about how conflict works within a scene, because as we read through scripts, a lot of times I will find a scene that says – there is interesting dialogue here. It’s either funny or that smart words are being said. And yet the scene is fundamentally not working. And when the scene is fundamentally not working, one of the most obvious problems I can point to is there is no conflict.

And sometimes you’ll read a scene where literally all the characters in the scene agree on what’s going on. There’s no threat to anything. It’s just a bunch of people talking. And when that happens, that’s probably not going to be the most successful scene. Let’s talk about some ways you can sustain conflict within a scene. I had a bunch of bullet points here, and we’ll see which ones work and which ones stick.

First I want to say is you have to understand what each character wants. Yes, you want to know what they want in the movie overall, but literally what is their purpose for being in that scene? What does the individual character hope to get out of this moment? And if you can’t articulate that, then maybe you need to stop and do some more thinking, or you may need to look at are these the right characters for the scene; is this the right scene for these characters?

Craig: No question. We all know that hackneyed phrase, “what’s my motivation?” And that’s a specifically tuned thing for actors. But for writers, what we have to constantly be asking about our characters is what do they want, because I’m telling a camera to be on them. And everybody in the audience understands inherently that the camera doesn’t need to be on them. The camera could be anywhere at any point. I’ve chosen it to be here. Why? And it has to be, because those people either want something or are about to become in conflict.

One of the fun things about characters that don’t want something is when they’re sitting there and they’re perfectly happy and then you destroy their moment. You have the movie crash into it. And now they want something.

John: Absolutely. They want that tranquility back and they cannot get it.

Craig: Right. The opening of Sexy Beast is a perfect example of this. Ray Winstone is just floating in his pool, happy as can be, and then crash, here comes a boulder. You want that. But sometimes you want to start with the scene where it opens up where somebody really, really wants something. And if you can’t have somebody want something at some point in your scene, that’s not a scene.

John: Yeah, that’s not a scene. The next thing I’ll point to is if you’ve ever taken improv class, one of the first things you learn, probably your first day, is “yes and.” You’re supposed to accept what’s been given to you and build on it and hand it back. And that next person, your scene partner, says, “Yes and,” and keeps going with it.

The real scenes are more likely going to be the opposite of that. They’re going to be “but.” The characters are going to challenge each other. And so hopefully in challenging each other, the information that you want to get out will come out much more naturally.

Sometimes you’ll read scenes that are just exposition factories where, basically, we’re going to talk though all the details of this case or whatever. And sometimes in procedurals you just have to swallow your pride, and that’s just the way it’s going to have to work. But more likely you’re going to be able to get that information out or get that sense of how we’re going to get to the next scene through conflict and through confrontation. Someone says something, and another character challenges, “But blah, blah, blah, blah.” “Yes, however, blah, blah, blah, blah.” The ability to sort of push back against the other characters in the scene is much more likely to get you to a good place than just agreeing all the time.

Craig: Absolutely. And you can use some of these conflict cue cards here if you’re struggling. If you have a Harry the Explainer, if you need an info dump – and sometimes you do – have the person listening be confused. Have them be struggling against circumstance. Someone is talking and they’re trying to escape while the person is talking. There’s always ways to avoid just the people talking.

John: That’s a great example. And I like that you go back to these initial six points about what is conflict, because in that explainer scene, you could actually be explaining the dilemma. Basically, the person, the explainer, could lay out the two – these are the two options and they’re both terrible. That is a way to create conflict through the action of the scene. And that’s going to probably be awesome. So look for that.

Next thing I’ll point to is the struggle for the steering wheel and that usually one character is driving the scene, but sometimes they can be wrestling over who is in control of the scene, this conversation, this moment, where they’re going to go to next. And that struggle for the steering wheel is real. That happens in real life. And it can happen in your scene.
Obviously, if you’re writing a movie with a central character, that central character should be driving most of the scenes, but that doesn’t mean that you can’t have other strong characters come in there and express their desire for control of that moment.

Craig: Yeah. And you’ll see this primarily in two-handers. It’s funny, I never really thought of it with that phrase “struggle for the steering wheel,” but that’s pretty much what’s going on in Identity Thief for the whole movie.

John: That’s literally a steering wheel.

Craig: I don’t think there’s ever a technical struggle for the steering wheel, but the two of them are just in complete – it’s really a battle for control. And that’s what’s going on the whole time.

John: Sort of a corollary to the knowing what each character wants, but making sure that it’s clear to the characters and to the audience, the if/then of the scene. So if this circumstance happens, then the outcome is going to be this.

Sometimes I’ve come into a scene where I don’t really know what’s at stake. I don’t know what the goal of the scene is. I don’t know what the goal of this conversation is. And so making it clear to the audience and clear to the characters in the scene what it is they’re trying to do and then what the outcome is that they’re hoping for.

Every time that you are in a conversation in real life, you have a sense of like, these are the kinds of things that could be happening next. And you need to have the same sense for your own characters. And hopefully, the characters in a scene don’t all have the same sense of where they’re going to go to. Otherwise, they could just skip forward all those steps and be at that place.

Craig: This very thing, this make clear the if/then, is why a lot of first-time writers screw up. For whatever reason, I feel like they’re primarily worried about trying to write naturalistic dialogue. Everybody is in a panic about writing dialogue that sounds normal. But all of our normal dialogue throughout the day is not if/then. It’s just this. We’re just going to talk about lunch. And they don’t understand that movies are about those days or weeks in someone’s life that define their life. It’s the craziest days or weeks in a human being’s life. So everything is far more important. This is all staked up.

And so when you are in a situation where there are high stakes, then every moment should have an if/then. Every moment. Because you are constantly moving toward your goal and away from pain; or mistakenly towards pain and away from your goal. There is no relaxy stuff. People draw all the wrong lessons.

John: Very much related to that is to really be mindful of where you’re coming into a scene and where you’re exiting a scene, because in real life, conflicts will rise up, and then they will diminish. If you wait long enough, every conflict is going to taper off and everything is going to get back to normal. But your job as the writer is to figure out, how do I get out of that scene before all the conflict has resolved. How do I think about coming into a scene where the conflict is already there?

By figuring out where you can first turn on the camera in that scene and where you can exit the scene, that’s going to get you to the heart of your conflict. The part of the scene you really want is generally that hot spot, that flare right in the very middle of it.

Craig: Yeah, exactly. If you’re going to let a conflict peter out, it better be for comedy sake, because it’s a lie, it’s a misdirect. Otherwise, absolutely; nobody wants to watch people make up over and over and over throughout the course of a movie. We need conflict. We must have it.

John: Next point. If your characters are not in conflict, then the external conflict better be really apparent and right in their face. If your characters are getting along fine, then the thing they’re facing should be right there. Literally, the lion should be right in front of them.

If there’s a lion in the distance, or there’s a roar you hear in the distance, your characters in our present scene should still be bickering or fighting with each other. It’s only when that thing is right in front of you, then you can drop the conflict right between those two characters that we’re looking at.

Craig: Yeah. And you might say, why? If there are two people and a lion is far away, why are they arguing about who is going to have to take care of the lion? Why can’t they just work it out like friends? And the answer is because they’re bad people. I hate to put it that way. But characters in movies should be bad people. I don’t mean bad like evil; I mean bad like they’re not finished.

John: Yeah. They shouldn’t be perfect.

Craig: Right. They’re not idealized. They are messes who are struggling with something that will be overcome by the end of the movie. But because it is by definition not the end of the movie at this point, they have these flaws. And the tragic flaw of any of these characters is going to manifest itself through conflict that should otherwise probably be avoided.

Look, let’s go back to The Matrix, because it’s such a basic fairy tale. The whole point of The Matrix is you’re the one you have to believe. When you start believing you’re the one, you’ll be the one. His tragic flaw is that he doesn’t believe. His tragic flaw is that he is incapable of faith in self. If he doesn’t have that tragic flaw, they come to him, and the guy says, “You’re the one,” and he goes, “Great.” And then the next scene, he does it, and we’re good. And then they have a party on the ship.

The conflict is driven entirely by the fact that he’s not finished baking. That’s why your characters must be arguing with each other, even if you like them both, about who is going to handle the tiger. I’ve changed it to a tiger.

John: Tigers and lions. They both work really well. You can mate them together. You get a liger. It’s all good.
Craig: The liger. The liger.

John: I’m going to circle back to what you were talking about with The Matrix, because I think that was a great example of – if Neo had just accepted his fate from the start, like, “Oh, I’m the chosen one? Okay, great. Let me do this thing,” the movie would have been 10 minutes long.

I want to talk about that in context of how do you sustain conflict over the whole course of a movie, because there have been times where I’ve read scripts that I’ve really enjoyed the writing, but I felt like, “Okay, on about page 50 we’re done. Everything that needed to happen happened. Okay. I guess we have another 50 pages to read through, but I don’t know why we’re reading through these things.” Let’s talk about some ways that you sustain conflict over the length of your movie.

First off is the question: are you resolving the central conflict too early? If there’s a thing that the character wants, are you giving them what they want too early? That’s sort of an obvious thing. You’re not going to find that all that often. Usually, people have a sense like, oh, I need to actually wait until near the end of the movie for the person to win the championship boxing prize.

But as Lindsay Doran often points out, the real nature of victory in these kind of movies usually is not winning the championship match; it’s resolving that conflict with your wife. It is the achieving this inner vision for who you need to be in your life. And if that happens too early, that’s not going to be a good experience to sit through the rest of the movie.

Craig: Yeah. And you can really see this with biopics because biopics are stuck with facts. And when you see a bad one, you’re watching somebody go overcome their conflict and then now they’re famous and stuff. And then you can feel the movie trying to manufacture conflict and struggling to do so, or manufacturing the same kind of conflict over and over.

That’s why one of my favorite biopics is What’s Love Got to Do With It, because it’s got this incredible conflict going through it that changes and builds and crescendos and finally is resolved. And that’s what we want. That’s why in biopics in particular you can see how the external successes are meaningless. That’s the whole point. Oh, all you thought it was just fun and games and fame, but look what was really going on. We like that sort of thing.

You definitely don’t want to make the mistake of the bad biopic. You don’t want to reward your character too soon. You want to hold back. There should be really one reward. That has to land essentially 10 pages before the movie ends. I don’t know how else to do it.

John: That sounds so formulaic, but it’s absolutely so true. And the success of writing is finding ways to get to that place, so when that moment comes, it feels like a tremendous reward that you didn’t quite see coming that way. That it’s still a surprise to you. That you may not even as an audience quite recognize what it is that you wanted them to achieve, but then they achieve it and that’s fantastic. Or if they don’t achieve it and that’s tragic. Yet, that is the point of how you’re constructing your movie.

Craig: Yeah. In Up, Carl wants to make good on his promise and take the house and land it on the place where his dead wife wanted to be. And in the end, he’s changed that, as we knew he would, and he finally lets the house go. And when he lets the house go, we understand. Maybe there’s five minutes left? Maybe eight or nine. I don’t know how much we can bear.

But the point is if that in your creation is coming at the minute 30 mark, you have a short film. Just know you’ve got 10 minutes after that thing. That’s it. And then stop.

John: It has to be done. Next thing I want to point out is sometimes you’re hitting the same note too many times. You are trying so sustain the conflict, but if you’re just sustaining the conflict by having the same argument again, or having the same fight again, then you’ve lost us. Because we need to see each time we revisit that conflict, revisit that theme, it needs to be different. There needs to be a change that has happened. If the same characters are having the same argument on page 80 as they did on page 20, that’s not going to be successful.

Craig: Agreed. Again, What’s Love Got to Do With It is a good example of this, because the actual nature of domestic violence is incredibly repetitive. A man beats up a woman. The police come. She doesn’t press charges. They go away. A man beats up the woman. And this happens over and over and over and over and over. Tragic, but not movie tragic.

The problem is, and it’s terrible to say, that in narrative form what happens is we become numb to it. We become numb to narrative repetition. What that movie does so well is it changes the nature of the abuse subtly but almost every single time. Whether it’s I’m going to say something to you, I’m going to be cruel to you, or I’m going to control you. Now I hit you once. Now I’m on drugs and I’m out of control. Now I hit you a lot.

Now the problem is now you’re having an argument with somebody else about why you don’t want to leave him. Now you’re having an argument with him about him cheating. We’re starting to change the arrows. You really can’t do the same fight over and over and over. You’ll start to feel very, very bored, unless you have a simple adventure movie where – martial arts movies oftentimes really are just a video game of increasingly difficult battles until you face the boss, and that’s okay. That’s what people are going for.
But even in those, there should be some sort of internal conflict.

John: Yeah. Generally in those cases, those conflicts, there will be dance numbers that are like a different kind of dance number, so each of those fights is a little bit different, so it feels like you have made forward progress. There’s a video I’ll link to that takes a look at Snowcatcher. Snowpiercer, sorry, Snowpiercer. Foxcatcher/Snowpiercer.

Craig: I want to see Snowcatcher.

John: Yeah. It’s basically the guy who catches snowball. He does such a great job. But then his snowball catching coach is really creepy. It’s pretty great. And it’s post-apocalyptic, too.

Craig: Of course.

John: In Snowpiercer there’s a video that shows left or right, which is the fundamental dilemma of the movie. But essentially that movie is completely linear. It literally goes from the left side of the train to the right side of the train, from the back to the front. It could have that quality of just being a grind, like fight after fight after fight, and yet it’s able to make each of them different and actually change how the Chris Evans character is facing each of these battles, because he’s questioning his own choices along the way.

Craig: That’s right. Each successive conflict point should change the character. It doesn’t have to change them for better. It doesn’t have to change them necessarily for the worse. Sometimes it just changes them sideways. Sometimes they just learn information. But it’s always about character.

And you have to remember through all of these conflicts that the people watching the movie without knowing it are constantly doing this computation of connecting the character’s conflict and tragedy to their own. Constantly.

We’re coming up on our discussion of Whiplash. Very few people are jazz drummers. I don’t know how many there are left.

John: There are probably more screenwriters than there are jazz drummers.

Craig: There are probably more screenwriters than jazz drummers. But that’s okay. We can all do the computational math to connect it to the analogs in our life.

John: Yeah. Going back to this idea of sustaining conflict across the nature of the movie, you pointed to this in your last discussion here, is that you’re looking for ways that these conflicts are changing the characters and basically how do you make it worse for your hero.

There are certain tropes that I sort of fall back on, but they’re meaningful. And to me it’s burning down the house. How are you making it so it’s impossible for them to go back to the way they were before. How do you make it so it’s impossible for them to get back to a place of safety? How can you have characters betray each other or betray their own visions? How can you pull characters away from the other characters that they love? You’re looking for ways to make things worse so that the conflict actually increases and doesn’t get resolved too early in your story.

Craig: To use The Matrix as an example, what we’re talking about I think is the genesis of one of the smartest choices in that movie. They didn’t need the Oracle character. What they had was a screenwriting problem if you think about it. Laurence Fishburne, Morpheus, is saying, I’ve been looking around. I’m really smart. I’m essentially the smartest person in the world based on what the movie is telling everyone. And I believe you are the one. I’ve been watching you. And I think you’re the one.

Now, we have no idea why. The answer to that question why is because they don’t know either. Nobody knows. It’s just let’s just take it as a given. He’s watched him. He’s smart. You’re the one. The problem then is Keanu Reeves doesn’t believe he’s the one, but I know he’s the one, so I guess I’ve got to watch this jerk not believe what I already believe until he finally believes it. And that’s brutal. That’s just brutal. I’m way ahead of him.

Enter the Oracle character, a brilliant idea from the Wachowskis, who is going to confirm that this is the one – Morpheus. It’s just a little check to make sure. She says, “You’re not.” She actually doesn’t say, “You’re not.” She says, “But you know what I’m already going to say.” And he says, “I’m not the one.” She says, “Sorry. It’s not all good news. Have a cookie.” Great character. And that was really important, because what that did was start us all running other computational math. And then it made the revelation later – she told you exactly what you needed to hear – impactful. By the way, that comes up in Whiplash as well.

John: It does. Absolutely. Before we get to Whiplash, I want to talk through one of my favorite movies of all time and sort of how it does conflict and how it sustains conflict over the course of the whole nature of the movie, which is of course my dearest most favorite movie, which is Aliens.

Craig: Game over, man.

John: Oh, my god, it’s just such an amazingly good movie.

Craig: Why’d you put her in charge?

John: Within each and every scene, there is terrific conflict. And Ripley is always in conflict with characters. Sometimes she’s arguing. Sometimes she’s disagreeing with what they’re doing. Sometimes she just doesn’t want to go on the mission at all. And she’s sort of forced into going on this mission. In every moment within each scene, if she’s not driving the scene, she is your eyes on the scene and she is your way into the scene. And she is in conflict with everyone around her basically the entire movie.

But if you look at the movie macro overall, it does just a brilliant job of not ever letting her get out of conflict. And actually, each point along the way she is getting herself more and more into more immediately dangerous physical conflict with either soldiers she’s sent on the mission with or with a group of aliens or the Alien Queen. The movie is so smartly constructed to make sure that the conflict is continuously escalating up through the very, very, very end.

Craig: Yeah. He, Cameron had this really – I don’t know if this was quite this conscious, but he created this situation that was remarkably frustrating. Frustration is a great feeling to inspire an audience.

She knows. She’s the one person who has experienced this thing, these things. She knows and everybody else is being either arrogant or duplicitous. And it’s incredibly frustrating to watch her continue to say this is bad and have nobody else really care, or think that it’s not that bad. And then it’s more frustrating when the truth emerges and all the arrogant people are now cowards, or at least one notably is a coward who is saying, “We got to go. We can’t win.” And she’s saying, “No, actually you can. I’ve done that before too.” And now she has a kid.

The conflict of frustration is wonderful. It makes us angry. And anger is a terrific thing to inspire an audience, as long as you can eventually release it with some kind of final triumph.

John: What Cameron was so smart about recognizing is that the audience had the same information as Ripley. And so we and Ripley both knew that the aliens were incredibly dangerous and this was an incredibly stupid idea to go on this rescue mission to this planet.
And he was able to let her articulate exactly what we’re thinking, like, “No, no, don’t go there.” And yet we all had to go there together.

And it was a very smart setup and a very smart change along the way, because we would make the same choices Ripley made, or at least we hope we would make the same choices as Ripley made, to go to try to save Newt, to save the other soldiers, to do what she could.

Craig: Yeah. Also, brilliantly, he understood, and I think Cameron has always understood this: that beyond all the hoopla of the effects, and the light, and the noise, and the monsters, we will always care about the person more than anything. And so we don’t care about the monsters.

I bet so many directors saw Alien and thought, wow, it’s about the monsters, man. And it’s not. It’s never about the monsters. We’re the monsters. We’re the problem. Whoa, dude.

John: Whoa dude. Just to delay Whiplash one more moment, as we were preparing our outline of notes for this thing, I started thinking back to my own movies and I wanted to quickly go through my movies and figure out which ones had conflict that basically drove it, and which ones didn’t so much.

My very first movie, Go, it’s a conflict factory. Everyone is in conflict at all times. Ronna wants to make this tiny drug deal happen. She sets off this series of events. Claire keeps trying to be the voice of reason and keeps getting ignored. The second section, the four guys in Vegas, every one of those guys is in conflict the entire time. And sometimes it’s just bantery conflict, but then it gets much, much worse throughout the thing. And in the final chapter, Adam and Zack, they seem to be at each other’s throats. We’re not sure why. We find out that they’re a couple and that they’ve been sleeping with the same guy. So, that whole movie is a conflict thing.

But compare that to the Charlie’s Angels movies, and one of the real frustrations of the Charlie’s Angels movies is the Angels kind of had to get along. They’re supposed to be a team, they’re supposed to be sisters. They weren’t supposed to fight with each other. And so we had to create a lot of external conflict just so you wouldn’t kind of notice that they were getting along so well.

That’s one of the challenges of that kind of movie is if they’re supposed to be a team that gets along great together, well, it’s hard to have it introduced in a scene. Somebody else has to show up to make there be a problem.

Craig: When they’re not in conflict with each other, sometimes it’s hard just to figure out who’s supposed to talk next.

John: Absolutely true. I was reminded by Max Temkin, who created Cards Against Humanity, one of the guys behind that – he had this great blog post this last week about how to watch Star Trek: The Next Generation in 40 hours. And so he basically gives you a viewing list to go through the whole series and understand what made that series so great. But he points out that Roddenberry did not want there to be any conflict between the characters at all.

Craig: That’s right.

John: So those first few seasons, he didn’t want the characters to disagree with each other unless they were possessed by some other force or something else. And so it became really hard to write those characters in scenes because they had to get along. They had to follow orders.

Craig: It’s strange. I never really thought about it that way. I love that show. I watched every episode of that show. And it is true. You sort of began to see them all as vaguely people, but really more — you were waiting for them to fight someone.

John: Yeah. And so season three, like after Roddenberry was gone, it did change. And you started to see some conflicts between each other which were useful. It never progressed as far as later science fiction shows would take it, but there was some real —

Craig: Yeah. Worf would get all grumpy.

John: Big Fish. Big Fish, there’s not a lot of conflict in the Edward flashback scenes. It’s sort of his story. Because it is idealized. It is happy and wonderful. But the movie is structured around a central conflict between the father and the son. And in my 15-year journey of making different versions of Big Fish, that’s always been the hardest thing is how to have that conflict feel real and meaningful, and yet not have the son become completely unlikeable and not make the father so overbearing that you kind of want him to be dead. And that is a fundamental challenge of that movie.

Craig: And that was certainly something that we went around and around on with Melissa’s character on Identify Thief.

John: Oh, absolutely.

Craig:  Melissa and I and Jason all felt pretty strongly that the only way it was going to work was if we just took all of the safety belts off of her character and let her be awful. Just let her be awful. But the very first scene had to show – it’s like the planting the seed of redemption. There’s a difference – even Darth Vader. Before we really get to see Darth Vader going bananas and being a jerk, Obi Wan says, “Darth Vader was a pupil of mine. He was great. But then he turned to the dark side.” And we go, okay, well there’s a good guy in there somewhere. So when he turns, we think, yes, finally, he has returned. He’s not turned; he’s returned.

When you have these awful characters, you need to set up the return fairly early on. Some sign that they were not just simply born psychopathic. Otherwise we won’t believe the return. For me, all of my movies have conflict, because comedy is conflict. That’s all it is.

[Episode 402 Clip]

Craig: Listener questions. Are we doing listener questions or we doing stakes? What would you like to do first?

John: Well, our first listener question is about stakes so I thought we might start with this. Why don’t you take Vera’s question here?

Craig: Sure. Vera from Germany, welcome Vera, asks, “How do I raise the stakes in a true story? I’m involved in writing a feature film based on real events. Our producers are worried there may not be enough personal jeopardy in the story, and I worry there may not be enough potential for it. The story is about young researchers who learn something of global consequence. They are ridiculed once published and their lives changed drastically after, but they didn’t know that beforehand.

“Almost all our main characters are alive today and still relatively well-known. We’re even in touch with them, and they’re supportive of our project. So we can’t make their past selves look worse than they are and wouldn’t want to. They were good. How can I raise the stakes for the characters beginning early in this story?”

John, what do you think?
John: Well, first off, Vera, this is a fantastic question, because it’s the kind of thing you’re going to face all the time. You have the extra difficulty of having real life people in there so you can’t manipulate backstories in ways that sort of get to reverse engineer what you want them to have.

But let’s talk about stakes overall, because we’ve talked about stakes in previous episodes, but it’s good to have a refresher about what we mean by stakes, what development executives mean by stakes, why you hear this term used so much, particularly in features. You hear it some in TV, but you really hear it in features.

I think there’s two main questions you’re asking when you talk about stakes. First is what is the character risking by taking this action? By making a choice to do a thing what are they putting at risk? The second question is what are the consequences if this character or these characters don’t succeed? So it’s both the action that they’re taking and also the consequences of a failure. How bad is the failure if they don’t succeed?

Chernobyl, of course, has remarkable stakes throughout the three episodes I’ve seen so far. Characters are faced with these kind of stakes questions all the time. Craig, anything else about the definition of stakes we want to tackle before we get into it?

Craig: No, it’s a very simple concept. What are you risking, and what happens if we don’t succeed? It’s as simple as that.

John: Yeah. So you’re trying to pick the answers to those questions, and to me what’s so crucial and so often missing is proportionality. You have to pick stakes that feel right for these characters, this world, this situation. Not everything can literally be life or death. Not everything is the end of the world. And so often, I think especially in our blockbusters, we try to make everything be the end of the world. Superhero movies especially have to sort of be saving the whole world, and they probably shouldn’t be so often.

If you think about the world of the characters, it could be the end of the world to those characters. And so then you have to carefully define, you know, what is their world consisting of. Is it their social grouping? Their standing? Is it their family? Is it their dreams, their hopes, their wishes, their goals? What is at risk for them that isn’t necessarily of global consequence?

Craig: Yeah. We are currently in a state of stakesflation in Hollywood where everything gets upped. It’s not enough to destroy a planet; now you must destroy the galaxy. No, now you have to destroy multiple galaxies. Now you have to destroy half of everything that is alive, which I assume at some point someone is going to say, “Well, we have to move that up to next time Thanos snaps his fingers it needs to be three-quarters.”

But when you think back to the first blockbuster, generally Jaws is considered to be the first blockbuster film, and the stakes in Jaws are there are people on an island that are being eaten by a shark. And our heroes have to stop the shark before it eats another person. That’s it. That’s it. And it captivates to this very day, because the stakes there are really not so much about random people getting chewed up. It’s about a man who has a certain sense of self and purpose, and that self and purpose is being challenged to the extreme by a creature that seemingly is beyond his ability to handle. That’s stakes. It’s personal. I love it.

John: That’s stakes. So obviously when we talk about stakes, our key focus has to be our hero, our protagonist, and what are the stakes for that character. But it’s important to remember that there should be stakes for most of these characters, and they don’t have to be the same stakes. In the case of Jaws, there’s the stakes of if we do this then we could hurt tourism. If we acknowledge this problem, there could be issues.

I’m thinking to Chernobyl. So, we have your scientists explaining, no, if we don’t do this thing, the next thing is going to blow up and it’s going to be worse. And we have another scientist who is saying if we don’t figure out exactly what happened, these other reactors could blow up. But we also have government officials who are saying we can’t let this get out, because if we do let this get out, then there will be a panic. Everyone has a different sense of what the stakes are and they’re taking actions that match their own understanding of what are the most important stakes.

Craig: Yeah. For some characters in the show, the stakes are love. I want to be with the person that I love. I don’t want to abandon them, even though it puts my own life at risk. For other people, the stakes are I have to keep this government together. And if I fail to, then there’s going to be chaos. Everybody had their different competing interests.

For instance, in Chernobyl there’s a moment in Episode 2 where Jared Harris and Stellan Skarsgård’s characters are on a helicopter and they’re approaching the power plant. And they both have stakes. One guy is, “I have an order from the supreme leader of the Soviet Union. That is somebody with nearly absolute power. And I have to fulfill that, because if I don’t, I understand that my life and my position and my authority and everything I have is under severe threat.” And the other character’s stakes are, “That’s going to kill us. Don’t go there. We’ll all die.” Competing stakes. Always a good thing to have.

John: And ultimately the helicopter pilot has to decide who does he need to listen to in this moment? And he actually reverts to sort of lower on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to sort of get to, okay, I don’t want to die in the next two minutes, and so therefore I’m not going to fly over this thing. I’m going to listen to the other person.

But I think that actually points to really the root of stakes, which is needs and wants. I mean, wants are generally sort of the better way of thinking about it. But what is the character going after? And is the thing they’re going after a really primal survival kind of thing? In some movies it absolutely will be. In some movies it is life or death. It’s cliffhanger. It’s those movies where at any given moment you could die.

But for most characters in most movies, it’s a little bit higher up the chain. So it’s about comfort, family, stability, self-realization, self-actualization. Their sense of identity is at stake if they don’t succeed in this venture, and that’s the risk that they’re taking.

Craig: All these levels of things, what it comes down to is what can you make me believe. And when it comes to stakes, I don’t really as a writer have to do much to make you believe at home that saving the planet from a space alien is high enough stakes. It’s just sort of baked into the scenario. Strangely, and this is something I wish our friends in the executive suites had a stronger grasp of, that reduces our interest, because there isn’t much of a challenge to that question.

John, a space alien, is threatening to blow up the world, and we need you to solve it. I’m on the world. What am I supposed to do otherwise? I don’t really have a huge choice there. But if I say to you, John, you have a dream of something that means a lot to you, but to pursue it will put your relationship with your own family at risk. That is stakes that now I’m leaning forward in my seat and thinking, ooh.

John: So Craig, let’s talk about another recent movie that did a great job with stakes. And obviously this is a movie that had huge end of the universe kind of stakes but also had very personal stakes, which was Avengers: Endgame, which I thought did a really brilliant job of blending the two. Because obviously it’s going to have these big superhero stakes. Half of civilization, half of all living things have been eliminated with a snap. And yet there were very clear personal stories that they focused on. We see Hawkeye losing his family and sort of wanted to get his family back, and so that was so important. But I thought what they did with Tony Stark, and Tony Stark being reluctant to even pursue going after this solution, because he didn’t want to risk this family that he’d been able to have in this intervening time, was really smartly done.

Craig: Yeah. Markus and McFeely are experts at working what I would call understandable, empathizable, if that’s a term, stakes into movies where the apparent stakes are ka-boom and blech and pow. What they say is even something as dramatic and huge circumstantially as half of every living person dying in the universe, they narrow it in. It’s like they kind of force you to tunnel into a relationship to that event through individuals. What does this mean for me and the man I love? What does this mean for me and my brother? What does this mean for me and the sacrifices I’ve made in my own life to get to this point? All of it is – they just tunnel you into that so that the two things are enmeshed. And that is super important.

I just think these broader stakes of “something is going to blow up” is ultimately irrelevant. There’s no Die Hard unless there is a man trying to win his wife back. It just doesn’t matter. I don’t care.

John: It doesn’t matter.

Craig: I don’t care about who is in the Nakatomi Building. I want John McClane to kind of earn some redemption and get his life back. That’s what I’m hoping for.

John: Yeah. And even movies that have similar kinds of plot devices, the nature of the stakes is so key in why they work differently. So think about comparing the first Charlie’s Angels to a Mission: Impossible movie. They both have some of the same beats and sort of plot mechanics and sort of set pieces, but the Charlie’s Angels movies fundamentally – will this family be torn apart? Will they be able to save their father figure character? That’s a very different dynamic than what you see in a Mission: Impossible movie.

It gets down to those really granular details about what is the relationship between these characters. What do they really want beyond just the plot wants?

Craig: Yeah. And this kind of fine-tuning and understanding, this is where unfortunately we do drift out of the area of craft and into the area of instinct which isn’t really teachable. But what I would say to Vera is, in just garnering what I can from your question, Vera, it seems to me that you’re wondering if you have to make them look bad to create stakes, and I’m not sure that that’s ever necessary. Those two things aren’t really connected. I think if they were good people, but you understood watching it – and you may have to adjust – that they were risking something really important to them to put their research out into the world. And really important, it can’t just be my job. Nobody cares. You can get another job.

It has to be how someone they love or admire looks at them. Or how it might disrupt their pursuit of somebody that they love. Or how it might affect who they think they are as a human being and what their value is. It’s got to be something I can feel in my stomach, you know? Then there are stakes. And, by the way, perfectly fine to create a movie with stakes and have a character “bet it all,” quote unquote, and lose. That sometimes is the most interesting story at all.

John: Yeah. I think back to Erin Brockovich, which this is based on a true life story. This character intervenes in these water poisoning situations. But it was the specificity of what was in turmoil in her life that made it such a compelling story. And Susannah Grant had to look at all the possible stories to tell and pick the one that had real stakes for that central Erin Brockovich character. And her stakes were not the stakes of the people who were drinking the contaminated water. Her stakes are personal. They’re about her relationships. They involve her kid, her boyfriend, the dynamics of her life.

So I would say look at the characters, the real life people you have in this situation. Try to mine for some interesting ways that they either fit together or that in taking the actions they are doing, they’re not just disrupting their own lives or risking their own – I say lives, not their physical lives but their own status or place – but that it is going to have repercussions on those around them. And the degree to which they understand that, those are stakes.

Craig: Yeah. 100%. I think that that’s kind of what we’re dancing around here as we talk through all this. We’re really talking about character. I think sometimes this notion of stakes gets separated out by people who are analytic or – and by analytic I mean producers and executives who are trying to come up with something easy for us, like, “What are the stakes?” And the truth is if the character is working, you’ll know what the stakes are. The character and the stakes should be embedded with each other. It should just be one in the same.

In the same way that the character and the story should be embedded with each other and be one in the same, and the dialogue and the character should be – character is the hub. Character is the hub of the wheel, my friends. And stakes is just one more spoke emanating out of it. It’s all baked into character.

In the case of adapting real life, Vera, it’s okay to make changes in order to create some stakes. Sometimes you have to alter that, but do it within the spirit of what you know really happened. And if in the spirit of what really happened there are no stakes at all, maybe it’s not a thing. But I suspect that there are some there.

John: I think there are. The last little bit I want to add on stakes is there’s a second kind of stakes which is not this overall story/character arch-y kind of stakes, but is very specific to a scene or sequence. And so an action sequence is the easiest way to think about that, where if the character doesn’t succeed in this moment these are the consequences or the possible consequences. In those cases, it is a little bit more craft, where you actually have to understand that the audience needs to be able to see what could go wrong or what the downfalls are of a mistake or a less than perfect performance in that moment.

When we had Chris McQuarrie on to talk about – on Episode 300 – to talk about the Mission: Impossible movies, he gets a lot into that, which is basically how can this possibly end well. And to get the audience asking that question, you have to make it clear what the jeopardy is. And sometimes as I’ve rewritten my own stuff or rewritten other people’s stuff, it’s because it wasn’t clear in that moment, in that scene, what was the thing that could tip one way or the other. So making sure that in those moments that is really clear to an audience.

Craig: Every scene is its own movie. And that means every scene has its own stakes. And all of that is connected back to a simple question: what is it you want? What do you want? Even if the scene is if that fiery gasoline trail hits that fuel tank, then all those people are going to die, well, I want to stop that. It still has to come back to somebody wanting something. And ideally, there’s somebody else saying, “No, I want it to explode.” And now we’ve got ourselves a scene. But even if the scene is I’m sitting down to tell someone that the nature of our relationship is changing, there are stakes. So it’s always there.

[End of Clips]

John: It’s time for our One Cool Things. My One Cool Thing is an article from this past week from The Guardian all about whether it’s appropriate to apostrophe-S to the end of Kamala Harris’s name when you’re using it as possessive. It’s a complicated situation, because AP Style Guide says if a person’s name ends in an S, you just add an apostrophe, and not the apostrophe-S.

Drew: That’s what I was always taught.

John: But that’s not actually how most places really do it. AP Style Guide says one thing, but in most cases, they’ll say you should actually do it the way you pronounce it. We say “Harris’s.” We say the apostrophe-S. Most grammarians, most word nerds would say you should really add the apostrophe-S. It’s an ongoing debate.

Drew: That makes sense it’s a debate, because my defenses went up. I was like, it’s an apostrophe at the end of the S, and that is final. I’m interested to read this.

John: It’s one of those situations where there’s no perfect answer. Benjamin Dreyer, who’s one of the more practical grammarians out there, says it’s not worth worrying about so much, and because it’s not worth worrying about so much, probably apostrophe-S makes the most sense, because it just disappears for people.

Drew: I can see that written out too in my head like “Harris’s,” apostrophe-S.

John: Fine.

Drew: I’m open to it.

John: Drew, what do you got?

Drew: I have two this week.

John: Please.

Drew: They’re both food related. If you’re in LA, The Heights Deli and Bottle Shop in Lincoln Heights. It’s my new neighborhood. I just found it. It’s great. They do sandwiches. They have cans, like you can have beer, and they have wine. That’s it. It’s just very barebones. But the sandwiches are delicious. They’re huge. They’re 11 to 13 bucks. The wine is really nice, really cool stuff, like pét-nats and stuff like that, but priced well. If you’re going to a friend’s party and want to show up, but you don’t want to spend more than 20 bucks, The Heights Bottle Shop has you covered.

John: How does this compare to Larchmont Wine and Cheese? Which naturally, people are going to have it as a reference, because that’s an iconic brand. It’s a wine store on Larchmont Boulevard that for some reason sells sandwiches.

Drew: Such a good question. They sell the same things, basically, but totally different. The way Larchmont Wine and Cheese is, there’s lots of different pieces to it. They have olives and things like that. It feels very lived in and worn. Heights Deli and Bottle Shop feels much more like The Bear. It’s much more stripped down. It’s just fridges running with some beer, wine in the middle, and sandwiches on the side. There’s not that kind of curation that Larchmont Wine and Cheese has, or at least with all the little pieces. I feel like they’re less cheese enthusiast at The Heights Bottle Shop.

John: I guess the store is Larchmont Wine and Cheese, so the cheese is a big part of it.

Drew: It hinges on the cheese.

John: The cheese stands alone. What are these Cheerios Veggie Blends?

Drew: Cheerios Veggie Blends, brand new cereal. I had sworn off cereal. I’m back. They are delicious. They’re really good for you. They’ve got a quarter cup of fruits and veggies. I don’t know if that’s real. I had a high school chemistry teacher who broke apart why all cereal marketing is lies. But they’re delicious. They’re really good. They’ve brought me back to cereal. They are Cheerios Veggie Blends. Worth giving a shot.

John: If we’re hyping cereals, I will say that my new go-to has been Fiber One, which is an iconic good cereal, a high-fiber cereal, but you add in a little bit of the Special K Zero. Special K Zero is a very low-carb cereal that if you were to eat a bowl by itself would taste kind of weird. It doesn’t work by itself, but that on top of some Fiber One, delicious, love it.

Drew: Is there any sweetness to the Special K Zero?

John: There is. It uses some magical process to create a thing. It’s probably soy based. It’s actually not a grain-based thing. It has the texture of cereal without actually being cereal.

Drew: I feel like I’m at this point in my life now where I’ve pulled back on sugar so much that even that little bit of memories of sugar does it for me.

John: Delicious. Drew, thank you so much for putting this episode together. That is our show for this week. These segments were originally produced by Stuart Friedel and Megana Rao. Scriptnotes is now produced by Drew Marquardt, edited by Matthew Chilelli, as always.

Our outro this week is by Tim Brown, has a good Western theme. If you have an outro, you can send us a link to ask@johnaugust.com. That’s also the place where you can send questions. If you are curious about the game person we’re trying to hire, there’s a link in the show notes, so click through to that. Don’t send it to ask@johnaugust.com. It’s a whole different place you apply for that.

You’ll find the show notes for this episode and all episodes at johnaugust.com. That’s also where you’ll find the transcripts and sign up for our weekly newsletter called Inneresting, which has lots of links to things about writing. We have T-shirts, and they’re great. You’ll love them. They’re at Cotton Bureau. You can sign up to become a Premium member at scriptnotes.net, where you get all the back-episodes and Bonus Segments like the one we’re about to feature on the conflict in Whiplash. Drew, thanks so much.

Drew: Thanks, John.

[Bonus Segment]

John: We’ve delayed long enough. Let’s talk about Whiplash. Whiplash is a movie made by Damien Chazelle. I quite enjoyed it. The script for it you can find in Weekend Read. Sony finally published it on their site. We’ll have links to both the pdf version and the Weekend Read version of it. It’s slightly different than the one they actually sent out to us, which is strange, but that’s just the way it happens sometimes.

I was actually fascinated by the way that Whiplash is essentially a two-hander, and it’s just a conflict machine. It’s basically the story of Andrew and his drumming professor, his jazz teacher, professor, and their conflict throughout the course of this movie.

Craig: There’s so much to talk about with this movie. Because we’re running a little long here, I’m wondering should we maybe move it to the next show, because not only is it a great study of how to portray conflict and to escalate conflict and change conflict, but also, it’s got this whole other discussion about art and being an artist.

John: I think we should move the art discussion to the next one, but let’s just talk a little bit about the conflict, so we can wrap up this episode to be super conflict-y.

What I think is so smart – and I’m going to use one of our favorite words again. I apologize in advance that we use this every episode. It’s specificity. I completely understood what each of the characters was doing and why they were doing it, even though I don’t know a damn thing about jazz bands or drumming. I don’t care about jazz bands or drumming, and yet the specificity of it made me believe that the filmmakers understood it, and every character in this thing loved it and was obsessed with it.

When you have characters who deeply believe in their worlds and deeply believe in their world visions who come into conflict, you’re going to have potential for great stuff. I thought it really achieved that. I understood what Andrew wanted. I understand that he had this vision of himself as being one of the greatest drummers of all time. I had this vision that Fletcher saw himself as a kingmaker of sorts. He saw himself as the gatekeeper between you are just a jazz student and you are one of the greats. Yet the movie asked me to keep asking the question, is this guy trying to inspire his students, or is this guy just a sociopath? That was really, really well done.

Craig: It’s funny, I made my list of conflict types before I saw Whiplash. As I look through this list, I realize Whiplash has done all of them. It has physical arguments and verbal arguments. It even has struggle against circumstance. There’s a sequence where the bus that Andrew’s on breaks down, and he’s late, and he has to figure out how to get to the auditorium on time.

It certainly has unfulfilled desire. The movie’s soaking in it. He desperately wants to be great, and he doesn’t know how to be great.

It’s got avoiding a negative outcome. He’s trying to not be punished at times. There’s a scene where he breaks up with a girl and is trying to not hurt her feelings.

There’s a wonderful scene that’s based entirely on the conflict of confusion, where he is asked to play something in front of an audience that he doesn’t know.

John: There’s actually a couple great moments of confusion along the way, where he’s not sure, like, wait, did I get invited to the band? Did I show up late? What’s going to go on here? Wait, why am I not playing this? There’s the rate of confusion throughout.

Craig: That’s right. He’s told to show up for practice at 6:00 a.m. sharp. He wakes up at 6:05 in a panic, runs, falls on his face, gets up, keeps running. Finally gets there at 6:10 and sees outside that actually practice starts at 9:00 a.m.

John: He has that weight of confusion, like, “Wait, was I too late? Was I too early?” and what do you do.

Craig: Why did he tell-

John: It was the whole experience. It was incredibly specific to his situation, his moment. It was universal, because we’ve all had that thing of like, I don’t know if I just made a horrible mistake or what.

Craig: Right, is this my fault or is it his fault. Then lastly, dilemma. It’s got a huge dilemma in it. That’s articulated between his relationship with him and his father, and that is, is this worth dying for? Do I have to die to be great?

John: There are small dilemmas along the way too, which basically, do I send the letter talking about what actually happened, or do I not? That later becomes the confusion of, does Fletcher know what I did, or does Fletcher not know? The revelations of Fletcher’s actual motives comes onstage in a brilliant way. Interestingly, when you look through the screenplay, it happens differently in the screenplay, or it’s tipped in the screenplay.

I think we should come back to Whiplash next week. Maybe more people will have read the script, so we can get a little more specific about what is on the page. Because the movie has a lot of action sequences without any dialog, and it does a great job, I think, of doing that.

But also, you can look at the great example of what changes between a script and what changes in a movie. There’s little small things, little razorblades that went in there, and cut stuff out. I think they made for a stronger movie. That said, I’m not sure I would’ve changed anything in the script, because I think maybe you needed to have that stuff in the script so you would understand what was going on there. But you sometimes don’t need that in the final movie. The change between what was on the printed page and what showed up on the screen is really fascinating.

Craig: There are some big razorblades that came in too. It’s a very comforting thing. A lot of times we watch a movie, and we think, how am I supposed to write a script that’s as good as that? You’re not. The guy that wrote that movie also didn’t write a script as good as that. That’s the point. You’re going to make mistakes.

It’s funny; as I read through the script of Whiplash, I would occasionally get to a bit that wasn’t in the movie. It would read like a mistake, and I would also think, I know why he made that mistake. I make that mistake too. It’s a totally normal mistake. Sometimes that’s the thing. Sometimes it’s not a mistake.

John: Some of the things that get taken out of the movie, I can totally see why they would’ve worked, or maybe would’ve worked with different actors. Maybe you needed to have that moment just to play this thing. But because it’s a movie on a visual stage, we get the relationship between those characters. We don’t need any of the words that they just said.

Craig: Exactly.

Links:

  • John’s Video Game Job Posting
  • Episode 179 – The Conflict Episode
  • Episode 402 – How Do You Like Your Stakes?
  • Snowpiercer – Left or Right by Every Frame a Painting on YouTube
  • Star Trek: The Next Generation In 40 Hours by Max Temkin
  • Harris’ or Harris’s? Apostrophe row divides grammar nerds from The Guardian
  • The Heights Deli & Bottle Shop
  • Cheerios Veggie Blends
  • Special K Zero
  • Get a Scriptnotes T-shirt!
  • Check out the Inneresting Newsletter
  • Gift a Scriptnotes Subscription or treat yourself to a premium subscription!
  • Craig Mazin on Threads and Instagram
  • John August on Threads, Instagram, Twitter and Mastodon
  • Outro by Tim Brown (send us yours!)
  • Segments originally produced by Stuart Friedel and Megana Rao. Scriptnotes is produced by Drew Marquardt and edited by Matthew Chilelli.

Email us at ask@johnaugust.com

You can download the episode here.

Scriptnotes, Episode 654: How to Watch Bad Movies, Transcript

October 7, 2024 Scriptnotes Transcript

The original post for this episode can be found here.

John August: Hello and welcome. My name is John August.

Craig Mazin: Bloop, bloop. My name is Craig Mazin.

John: And this is Episode 654 of Scriptnotes, a podcast about screenwriting and things that are interesting to screenwriters. Now, often on this podcast, we talk about what we can learn from great movies. On several occasions, we even do deep dives on specific films to look at what makes them tick. Craig, you and I are trying to schedule one of those right now, in fact.

Craig: Very excited to make that happen. It’s been a long time since we’ve done a deep dive. And I love doing those.

John: We have a special guest who proposed one, and we’re so excited to do it. We’re gonna try to find a time for that.

Craig: It’s gonna be great.

John: It’ll be good. But today on the show, let’s take a look at what we can learn from watching bad movies. Here, we’ll say that I’m talking about selectively bad, like movies that just don’t work for you. Because my thesis is that we can draw a lot of useful lessons from the films you don’t enjoy, that you happen to watch for whatever reason.

We’ll also answer some listener questions. In our Bonus Segment for Premium members, since we’re talking about sticking it out through movies we don’t enjoy, let’s think about when else is it okay to bail on something. Specifically, when can you bail on a book, a play, a friendship, a relationship, a marriage.

Craig: What’s going on here, John? Is this where you explain to me why I’m not on the podcast anymore?

John: Only the folks in the Bonus Segment will know.

Craig: I like that you just couched it inside of a Bonus Segment. It’s a very you thing to do.

John: Absolutely. As the check is coming at the end of the meal, I was like, “Oh, also, I think this is our last meal together.”

Craig: Oh my god.

John: I had friends – well, a friend – I didn’t know the other guy – who went to Paris, and one professed his love to the other one, and it’s like, “Oh, I don’t feel that way at all.” They were gonna be in Paris for like another seven days or something.

Craig: That’s where you just go and do solo tourism. Were they sharing a room?

John: Yes.

Craig: Oh, no. Get a different room. Get a different room. That’s rough.

John: Let’s do some follow-up here. We had several people who wrote in with feedback about something we talked about in Episode 651. We were talking about this writer who had done a Lifetime movie and was wondering what should he be doing next, how to use this as a springboard for next steps. A couple people wrote in with their reactions to our advice.

Drew Marquardt: Tim writes, “There was an assumption that these films are covered by the WGA. That is not the reality for a lot of these cable network movie-of-the-weeks. A majority of these films are made by non-signatory companies and are acquired by Lifetime or Hallmark or what have you after production, with the writer most likely a non-union writer. A lot of these movies are also produced in Canada, by Canadian companies, so again, WGA rules may not apply.

“As for Daniel gaining momentum, I have written four movies for Lifetime, Hallmark, and similar channels, with one of my movies declared one of the 25 Best Hallmark Christmas Movies of All Time by Variety, and yet still I have trouble getting traction, even with the executives or network production companies I wrote the movies for.

“Regarding representation, I have also tried to get an agent manager, but the feedback I’ve received is that they are either not taking on new clients or they don’t really work with movie-of-the-week writers. So while I appreciate your advice for Daniel, it’s not really reflective of the reality of the movie-of-the-week world right now.”

Craig: I am thrilled that Tim wrote in with all this, because this is good education for us. It is a good reminder that these companies can buy things. We imagine typically, oh, it’s a Lifetime movie, Lifetime hires you to write a movie. But other production entities that are non-union – and certainly in Canada that makes it a lot easier or it’s WGC – make these things, and then Lifetime or Hallmark buys them and puts them on the air. That’s a great point, Daniel.

John: Yeah. To the point of like, it’s not just that these are non-signatory companies and that our assumptions about who makes these is wrong, but the idea that, oh, you should have reps and a manager, an agent who’s doing all this stuff for you, I guess that’s, again, our bias towards the kind of industry that we work in, versus the way that these movies are made. We had other people write in saying, “Yeah, I’ve done these movies too, and I’m still having a hard time getting a rep to represent me.” Again, this is a good education for us.

Craig: It is. I said, “Good point, Daniel,” when I meant, “Good point, Tim.” Sorry. Sorry, Tim. I have thanked him now, and I have also apologized to Tim. This is going great for me with Tim.

What I am also sort of delighted by is that Daniel has written four movies for those types of channels, and one of them was declared one of the 25 Best Hallmark Christmas of All Time. What’s awesome about that is that implies that there are a lot more than 25 Hallmark Christmas movies.

John: Oh, there are.

Craig: If it’s one of the 25 best-

John: There’s like 25 per season. There are so many of these.

Craig: How many do we think there have been?

John: Oh my god.

Craig: Is that something Googleable? Is it 100?

John: I think Stephen Follows, who’s the data expert, could probably generate a big database of how many there have been. It’s a huge, huge number.

Craig: Because I’m just thinking about the writing challenge of coming in to do something… Granted they want a certain kind of formula, of course. They’re not gonna want you to be wildly original, but still, you have to do something different. If there’s 100 of them, it’s like the “Simpsons did it” problem. What other angle can you do?

I have a friend who writes Hallmark Christmas movies. It is fascinating having a conversation with him about how he tries really hard, actually, to put a little spin on the ball here or there. Not easy to do. They have definitely gotten better about LGBTQ representation. It used to be, “No.” Then I think he worked them up to, “There are two guys that live next door, but no one talks about what the story is.” Then eventually, yes, now they are featuring people that aren’t in very Hallmarky heterosexual relationships. But it must be very challenging to come up with either new things or things that they allow that are new.

John: For sure. Again, an area we don’t know very much about. We’re sorry that we speculated wildly and used our biases towards the Hollywood stuff that we’re used to in answering the original question from Tim. I’m realizing we keep going back between Tim and Daniel. We’ve merged them into one super entity of person who writes these movies.

Craig: Taniel.

John: Taniel. Taniel, thank you so much for all your feedback, and everyone else who wrote in about this one.

We’ve talked before about colored pages and whether colored revisions are a thing that are still worth keeping. HL wrote in with a thought.

Drew: “Regarding the colored pages in screenplays, can they be used for WGA arbitration, given each writer had their own color?”

Craig: No.

John: Not really. I think it’s a misperception about how arbitrations work. In an arbitrations situation, the different writers will say, “Oh, this is the script that I wrote. This script best reflects the work that I did on the project.” But if they were on the project for two months and did seven different sets of colored revisions, you’re not gonna ask the arbitration panel to read each of the seven sets of revisions, probably. Instead, you’re gonna say this is the sum total of what was in these seven sets of revisions, or this is the state of the script after all these sets of revisions. Colored revisions themselves are not particularly meaningful in terms of which writer did which thing.

Craig: They’re not. The idea being, HL, that if you’ve done five revisions, the point of the fifth revision is that that’s the last one you hand in. That’s the one that’s relevant. We don’t ask arbiters to read prior revisions of stuff that got deleted and not filmed, because credit is for the film as it appears on screen or on your television screen. So that’s not relevant.

The only time that the credits department will say, “Hey, look, here’s this person’s final script they did, but here’s also one prior one,” would be if that writer – let’s call them Writer B – said, “Hey, my last script was on this date, but Writer C came along, went back to one of my earlier drafts and took some stuff and put it into their draft.” At which point it is relevant for the arbiters to see that, because basically, chronology determines primacy for authorship. That’s really the only circumstance.

I did, by the way, have a further discussion about this topic with my script supervisor, about the locked pages thing. Apparently, there’s something called Scriptation. Do you use Scriptation? I don’t use Scriptation.

John: I don’t.

Craig: But apparently, everyone around me is using it. I guess there is a way to use Scriptation to basically – if the pages do get unlocked, it does it for you and moves your notes around and stuff. I don’t understand it. But in any case, he was like, “Honestly, I could deal with the issues of it.” It’s fine. I would just basically have my own locked script that I would just be living with, because I have to generate a Final Draft file for him anyway, because that’s what he imports into his thing. I’d make one locked thing and one unlocked for everybody else. It’s fine.

John: Last little bit on colored revisions here. The only time in arbitration I can think of where I have seen one set of revisions come into the mix was when there were two writers who were working simultaneously on a project. Writer B did this thing, and Writer C did this thing. But Writer B was still employed and did something after that.

Sometimes, as an arbiter, I’ve seen little bits of pages rather than a full draft coming through. That happens too. But that’s more the exception than the rule. Whether it be a colored page or not a colored page, it doesn’t really matter, because every set of revisions has a date on it, and really the date is what matters.

Craig: Correct. A reasonable question, HL, but the answer is, not really, no.

John: Not really. This next one is about AI and screenwriting. This comes from Eileen. There’s screenshots here, so we’ll read what’s actually in the screenshots here if we can, Drew.

Drew: Sure. Should I do my LinkedIn voice?

John: Please. We got an official LinkedIn voice.

Craig: I didn’t even know LinkedIn had a LinkedIn voice.

Drew: “Pareto.AI is a human data collection platform connecting reading AI researchers with trusted industry experts to collaborate on AI alignment, safety, and training projects. By working together, we can better align AI models with human values and develop more helpful, honest, and harmless AI models. We have a globally distributed network of master annotators, evaluators, and prompt engineers, with a proven track record of successfully completing over 3 million tasks.

“We are currently seeking TV movie screenwriters in the Writers Guild of America or equivalent to assist with developing complex prompts to AI models based on difficult questions and tasks encountered in your respective field of expertise. Experience required: TV movie screenwriting with membership in the Writers Guild of America or an equivalent organization, strong background in creating and developing complex narratives and characters, and experience in crafting dialogue and storylines for TV or movie.

“Compensation is 100 US dollars per approved hour of work. Should your application be successful, the next step includes a one-hour paid trial to be completed within two days. What’s approved will progress to a two-hour paid trial. Those who pass both trial phases will join our project team. Work hours are flexible with an expected commitment of 10 hours per week for 4 weeks. If all goes well, the project may be extended. Please note prior AI training experience is not required, as hands-on mentorship from our expert team will be provided. This project is starting ASAP. For immediate consideration, please apply.”

John: A job listing on LinkedIn for folks to help train this AI model for script evaluation, screenwriting. It’s not quite clear what the model’s being used for. Craig, what’s your first instinct here?

Craig: To vomit.

John: Yeah.

Craig: This is a pretty classic, “Hey, come and teach your replacement so that we can replace you. We have this new robot that can spotweld. It’s just not good at spotwelding. We pay you a lot to spotweld, but jobs have been a little dicey, and the economy, blah, blah, blah. Come in, and we’ll give you $2,000 to train this robot, so that you, human spotwelder, will never be able to spotweld again.”

In addition, Pareto.AI is training their AI with writers who apparently need to make $100 an hour training AI. I gotta be honest with you. I’m not sure that’s gonna get you, for instance, the kind of writing that is done by people that don’t need to be paid $100 an hour to train AI for a couple of weeks or a month. I think this is all bad. I understand people need money. There are other ways to make money. I think this is gross and sort of demeaning. I don’t like it at all.

John: I looked through Pareto is actually doing. It looks like they are a subcontractor, basically. Someone has a model, and they go to Pareto to say, “Hey, we need you to recruit people to actually do the reinforcement learning from human feedback,” which is the way you train a model to get better, basically. The model spits something out, and the human needs to say, “No, you did bad here, but this was actually pretty good.” That’s human reinforcement, the human feedback that reinforces the model there.

Listen. These things are going to happen. They’re gonna train these things regardless. I can’t fault a writer who needs the money. There are certainly a lot of writers right now who need the money, for getting 100 bucks an hour to do this thing, as opposed to driving for Uber or working at a coffee shop. One of my first jobs was as a reader at Tristar. It wasn’t data labeling in the same way, but it was kind of the same gig, where I was doing work for people so they wouldn’t actually have to read these scripts. That’s a function that I can understand.

What makes you uncomfortable, I think makes me uncomfortable too, is that you are training your replacement. You’re training a system that is there to replace your whole industry. A thing you set out your life to do is this thing. That is a real, tangible frustration. And yet it’s going to happen inevitably, so getting paid some money in that process, I can understand.

Craig: We all have choices to make. $100 an hour is pretty decent, but it is not a shocking amount of money. More importantly, this is a four-week gig. “If all goes well, the project may be extended.” This isn’t a year of your life. You’re gonna make some sort of short-term cash for these people.

I’m just looking at their deal. It was founded by Phoebe Yao, Thiel Fellow. That’s Peter Thiel’s. I’m out. I see Peter Thiel, I’m running the other direction. Peter Thiel, the guy who said that we don’t need democracy anymore I think was his latest.

John: That’s a good one.

Craig: Way to go, Peter. No. No. I hate this. This one’s easy to me. Sure, it may be inevitable. It may be that they’ll find people. But I guess my biggest pitch to people considering this is, I’m not saying you’re a bad writer. What I’m saying is, if you are contemplating this, you are an underemployed writer. You may be somebody that is specifically going to benefit from getting in a room, being properly trained by humans who are very good writers with a lot of experience, who aren’t at this level, who don’t need $100 an hour for four weeks. Those people will make you better writers. This isn’t gonna make you a better writer.

This is just gonna make an AI make it much, much harder for new writers to break in, because when new writers enter, they probably are functioning around the level of the AI that they just trained. It’s just making it harder for all of us. It’s going to ultimately deplenish the farm system of writers that rise up from the bottom, up through the ranks, as they learn and gain experience. I just hate it. I hate it.

John: Yeah. I agree with most of your points. The start of what you said is that writers who would go for this thing are probably not at the level where they need to be as writers. I would just say that I know so many folks who are actually genuinely terrific writers and fantastic and have done great things and can do great things, who at this moment are not employed. That’s always gonna be these people, but it feels especially now those people are struggling. I can understand why this is attractive for them, and it feels time better spent than doing other non-industry kinds of jobs. But your point about this is training your replacement and the ick of that is real. It’s tangible.

Craig: This isn’t gonna get you health benefits. This isn’t going to fill your year, or even more than a month. I would sooner, personally, apply for a Good and Welfare loan from the Writers Guild, which are available to members, because they’re saying, “We want Writers Guild members.” If you’re a Writers Guild member, you can apply for a loan. The Guild has an enormous amount of financial resource for that.

John: Last week, we talked about that. We had Betsy Thomas on talking through that.

Craig: There you go. To me, that is vastly more honorable than this. This is one of those things where, with empathy, I can still say there are certain jobs… Look. If you’re struggling to find work in your chosen field, and someone says, “Hey, I’ll give you $1,000 to murder to somebody,” the answer, of course, is no. Now, somewhere on there, once we decide, okay, there are certain value judgments that will overrule these things, then the question is where does this exist on that continuum.

I find this to be toxic to the soil that grows us all. I just would urge people to not do it. It doesn’t threaten me. It’s threatening the new people. It’s threatening younger writers, newer writers. It’s just Silicon Valley being shitty again.

I hate the language that they’re using. These weasel words are horrifying to me. “By working together, we can better align AI models with human values.” Whose human values? Which values? “And develop more helpful, honest, and harmless… ” More harmless? Harmless is binary. What does that mean? What they’re really saying is develop less harmful. They’re giving it away. Heed the words. Do not do this.

John: Let’s move on to our marquee topic here. I want to talk about bad movies. What prompted this was, twice in this past month, I found myself in a movie theater watching a movie I did not enjoy.

The first case, it was not a movie that I intentionally set out to see. I went to the theater to see one movie, and they’d cancelled that screening, because they gave the screen to Deadpool and Wolverine. Good job, Deadpool and Wolverine, but I really wanted to see this one movie. I couldn’t see the movie I intended to see, so instead, I saw this other movie that was out in theaters. In the second case, I went with friends to see a movie that is doing great at the box office. Happy for its success. I just did not like it. I just did not care for it at all.

In both cases, I guess I could’ve walked out. When I went to the movie by myself, of course I could’ve left. When I went to the movie with friends, there’s a social pressure to stay. But I wanted to reflect on what I actually learned from watching a bad movie, because it’s two hours of your time that you could be doing other things. But I actually found those two hours useful, because in a weird way, I stopped watching the movie for the story. Because the movie wasn’t working for me, I could actually just notice all the other things that I was seeing on screen and the points that weren’t working. I actually could take some mental notes about like, “Yeah, that never works,” or, “Let me make sure I never do these things.” I want to talk about some bad movies for a bit.

Craig: You said something interesting there, which is, it’s a movie that’s doing well at the box office, that other people like. The question is, as you said – maybe I would rephrase it. Rather than, okay, what do I get out of watching this bad movie that’s bad for me, and rather, why isn’t this working for me? Because what it helps define is your own taste, which sometimes is just as valuable as saying, “Okay, I didn’t like that. I don’t like that. I think that was fake. That doesn’t make sense. Where’s the logic in that?” But really, sometimes you can just say, “What’s different about me from the people that like this?” That helps you write towards something, which is super helpful.

John: It’s a chance to ask the question, why isn’t this working for me? As you hear laughter from people around you, people who are genuinely enjoying the movie, it’s like, okay, what are they seeing that I’m not seeing? What is it about my taste or my reaction to this movie that is just different from everyone else around me? What can I learn from that? What are the specific things? That moment which everyone thought was hilarious, I rolled my eyes at. Is it just the nature of the joke? Is it how the setup is working? Did I just fall off the train of the movie and just start despising everything I saw because something broke for me?

We often talk on the show about how when you first sit down to watch a movie, those first 5, 10 minutes, generally just go with it. Whatever you’re showing me, I take it at face value. I’ve signed a little social contract. I’m gonna give you all of my attention, as long as you don’t waste my attention. I’m here for the ride. Then some movies, you fall off that. You feel like they’ve broken that trust between you, and it’s very hard to get back into the movie. You’re able to watch the movie for like, oh, these things. I’m able to suddenly see cuts. I’m just noticing the filmmaking and not really paying attention to the story at a certain point.

Craig: That right there is a really interesting indicator of taste, because I’ve noticed for myself, as I direct more and as I work with lots of different directors on my show, that one of the things that is true about my taste – doesn’t mean it’s right or wrong, it’s just individual me – is that I tend to not appreciate when I can feel directing happening. Unless it’s the beginning or end of an episode, or the beginning or end of a movie – where you don’t mind a soaring camera or a sneaky move – flashy things or things where it’s evident that a shot is happening, they tend to bother me, because my taste is to want to be completely immersed in the people. One of the things I know about me is that when I watch movies, I am all in on people and relationships.

The first time I saw Goodfellas, for instance, I was just in love. And I still am to this day. I don’t care how many times I see it. But I didn’t even notice that there was this long tracking shot where Ray Liotta is going through the nightclub with Lorraine Bracco, because all I cared about was what he was saying. The voiceover there was so fascinating and so indicative of why he chose the life he chose, that I didn’t even notice the fact that there was this incredibly difficult-to-pull-off tracking shot, especially in the ’90s, back then. It’s a little easier now. So that’s me. That’s an interesting taste thing I’ve noticed about myself.

As I approach writing, I often ask myself, hey, am I writing in some cool shot here to be cool, or is it purposeful? Is there a reason? That’s something that things that I don’t like have taught me. Obviously, I love Goodfellas, but there are times where cameras go whipping around. I’m like, “Oh my goodness, where is this camera? Who is this camera? What’s happening here?”

John: I would say my early reaction to Wes Anderson films, I liked Bottle Rocket, but I didn’t like many of the films after that point, because I feel like every moment was like, “Look at me direct.” It was just so presentational at all times. At a certain point, a little switch clicked, and it was like, oh, I get what he’s doing. I like what he’s doing. I’ve come to accept it.

Some of that is the way we approach genres and filmmakers. We come in with a certain set of expectations. As long as those expectations are met and we know what we’re gonna get, we’re okay.

I think about this with – I was hearing this podcast was talking through Deadpool and Wolverine. One of their viewers said, “This is all prefaced on the fact that I can’t stand Ryan Reynolds.” I think it’s good you said that, but also, it’s really hard to sit down in a movie theater and watch this movie if you don’t like Ryan Reynolds and what he does, because the movie is all Ryan Reynolds.

Craig: That’s so weird. Let me just preface this review of this hamburger shop by saying I hate hamburgers. I don’t care then what you think. The only thing to say after, “Let me preface this by saying I don’t like Ryan Reynolds,” is, “Therefore I didn’t go,” or, “I went, but I’m not gonna write a review. Who cares what I think? I’m not useful to you.” If you don’t like Ryan Reynolds, you weren’t going; and if you do, you probably were.

John: You also hear people like, “I hate horror movies.” When people talk about a genre, I think it’s always worth digging a little bit deeper, because what is it about horror movies that you don’t like? What do you actually define as a horror movie? Does it include any thriller? Is it anything with suspense? Is it gore? What are the specific things you don’t like?

My husband, Mike, he’s very specific. He doesn’t like scary movies that take place in realistic situations. He’s fine watching Aliens, because Aliens is never gonna happen to him, but he doesn’t want to see anything that’s like a home invasion thriller. That’s not a thing he’s gonna watch.

Craig: Because he doesn’t like the feeling of being scared. I don’t like the feeling of falling, so I don’t like roller coasters. I am not a good person to review a roller coaster.

You also said something really smart. So much of this has to do with our either expectations or what I would call familiarity. Wes Anderson is very specific. The way he makes movies is unique to him. Nobody else makes Wes Anderson films, as far as I can tell.

John: I’ll also add, if someone did use some of those same techniques, it’s like, “That’s a Wes Anderson thing.” Anyone who tries to ape his style, we recognize the symmetry, the thing he’s doing. He’s doing a Wes Anderson thing.

Craig: It’s really specific to him. Bottle Rocket was his first film, I believe, and so he’s just beginning to become Wes Anderson. But when he gets into full Wes Anderson mode, finally, the first time you get there, you’re not familiar with it. And I think it’s perfectly appropriate to go, “What the hell is this?” But once you become familiar with it, then it’s just different. Our minds are anchored in a completely different place. We are now receptive, because we know. We’re not walking in going, “What the hell is this?” We’re walking in going, “This is going to be like this. Now, what’s going to happen in it?” I think that’s important.

I remember the first time I saw Fight Club, I struggled with it. The second time I saw Fight Club, I fell in love with it, because I knew what was going on. It was weird. It was almost like the problem with that movie was the twist came too late for me, because everything before it, I was going, “Why? Why?” I spent so much time going, “Huh? Why?” Then the second time I saw it, I could settle in and be like, “I love this.” It was a question of familiarity.

John: Yeah. Let’s say you’re sitting down at a movie and you’re not enjoying it and you’re staring at the screen. Some questions I think that are worth asking, because if you’re not enjoying the movie, you can ask yourself these questions. What is it about the story that’s not clicking for you? Are you clear who the hero is and what they want? We talk about hero motivation so much, but if you don’t know what they’re actually going for, why they’re doing the things they’re doing, you’re gonna fall off the ride.

Do you believe in the setup? Do you believe the world? Do you believe the rules? Do you believe the supporting characters around that hero? Do you buy this as a story concept, as a group of people who are here together in this specific cinematic universe? So often on the podcast, we’ve talked about mystery versus confusion. Are you confused in a bad way? Are you confused in a way that does not spark your curiosity but just becomes annoying?

Do you want to know more about the backstory? Do you want to know more about motivations? Do you care what happens next? If you don’t answer those questions yes, then something didn’t click for you there. It’s worth asking what more could’ve happened that might’ve gotten you on that ride or gotten you to stay on that ride.

Craig: This is why I wish more film and television critics would just disclose their tase. When you go to read their review, there’s just a little profile that says, “Here are the things that I love, and here are the things that are not that important to me.” Some people are logic Nazis. Some people only care about the relationships and the human beings and the truth of the drama. Some people love spectacle. Some people love being cinematically challenged, like Wes Anderson might do to you. Some people love being confused, and some people loathe it. Disclose all of that, because the truth is…

The point of this show, what we do here, is to help people become the best writer they can be. There’s no such thing as be good writer. That’s not a thing. You be the best writer you can be. One of the ways is to find the movies you love, figure out why you love them, and write towards those. But when you do see things you don’t like, figure out why, then stop beating up the movie, and start thinking about how that educates you about your own priorities and taste. And then lean into that.

There are so many people that like slasher films, for instance. They don’t just like them. They love them. They’re passionate about it. There are magazines dedicated to it. The great Fangoria. Movies that involve lots of blood and gore and slicing and crying and sadism and ripping of flesh. I don’t. I don’t.

John: I don’t either. But I would say that’s the same thing as a Wes Anderson. It does not work for me. I don’t have the exposure, the history to it, so I can’t appreciate a good one versus a bad one.

Craig: Right. It’s like drugs. There are some drugs that… You’re not a big drug guy. But if I laid out all of the kinds of drugs there are and we went through a John August month of just each day we hit you with a drug, I guarantee you – everything from alcohol to nicotine to LSD to fentanyl, literally everything – there are gonna be at least one or two drugs that you go, “Oh, I sure did like that.” And there are gonna be a whole bunch of them you’re like, “Nope, don’t want that again.”

John: Never again.

Craig: The “never again” drugs are some people’s lifelong addictions. And the drugs you love and you be like, “Oh, I gotta stay away from that,” are things other people detest. The concept of criticism, I think, would be helped tremendously if critics disclosed the things they just hated and loved before they ever showed up. That would be helpful. If they really do hate what is at the heart of something, maybe don’t write the review of it.

John: I think so. You’re sitting in the theater, and you’ve given up on the film. You’ve given up on trying to like this movie. Some suggestions for what to do next. Be thinking about how much of what is not working could be pinned on the script, in terms of the story. Obviously, you don’t have the script in front of you. But does it feel like these are fundamental story issues that are in the way? Is it the filmmaking? Is it the choices the director’s making? Is it a choice of how the music is working, how the shots are put together? Is it the casting? Is it just the wrong person in that role? Those are all fair questions to ask and investigate along the way.

But while you’re doing that, I would also say keep an eye out for things that actually do work, because even in these two movies I watched, there were things I actually genuinely liked about them, things like the score or the setting.

I recently went back and rewatched Grumpy Old Men, which I didn’t love on the rewatch, but one of the things I really appreciated is it was snowy and it was real snow. It was real snow in a way that I’ve not seen in movies in 30 years. I really felt just dirty, actual snow, which I liked a lot. It felt cold, which was great. I remember watching the Amityville Horror remake. I did not like the movie very much, but I really thought Ryan Reynolds was great in it. That’s why I cast him in my movie.

There can be really good things in movies that don’t otherwise work. That is something to always keep in mind as you’re watching a film that is not clicking for you.

Craig: Yeah, without question. That is helpful. I’ve always made a point of saying hey, let’s just talk about the things you love. On this show and nowhere else online will I ever say I don’t like this or I don’t like that. I just don’t do it, A, because I’m part of a siblinghood of writers who hopefully help each other rather than tear each other down, but also because I’ve always felt intrinsically that talking about the things you love helps make you better.

But I agree with you that there is value here, at least, in figuring out why you didn’t like something. Rather than working it out as, “Hey, everyone, stop liking the thing I don’t like,” which is the worst and stupid and ignorant of the human condition, just allow that you… Look. I don’t like mayonnaise. I hate mayonnaise.

John: Yeah, you really do. This is the true fact.

Craig: There’s a world of cuisine built around mayonnaise. It makes me crazy. But what I don’t do is sit there at a restaurant and say, “No mayo, please. Also, can you just stop making things with mayo, because mayo is bad.” That would be stupid.

John: Yeah. You don’t let people lecture you, say, “No, Craig, if you actually tried mayo, if you tried aioli, you would love it.”

Craig: They do say that.

John: You’ve never had good mayo. That’s the whole reason.

Craig: I’ve heard that too. My favorite is aioli. I’m like, what? If you throw garlic in mayonnaise, it’s not mayonnaise anymore? Beat it.

John: It does actually apply to genres. People say, “Oh, no, you really need to watch this thing and then you’ll love the genre.” It’s like, probably not. Yes, there’s a 1 percent chance that’s gonna tip me over and I will suddenly love that whole way of making movies, but probably not. There’s many other movies and many other foods to enjoy.

Craig: Speaking of foods, Dan Weiss, of Game of Thrones fame, was having a conversation with me. We were talking about sushi. I love sushi. There are a couple things that I don’t love. I’m not a big salmon roe guy. I love masago, the little tiny roe, but I don’t love salmon.

John: I don’t like big roe, no salmon. I think it’s because going fishing, we would use salmon roe for fishing.

Craig: It’s a bit chummy then. I said I had tried uni once, sea urchin, and really, really just struggled to even get it down. Dan said, “Okay.” He did the thing. He goes, “The uni is binary. It’s either gonna be horrible and you’ll want to throw up, or if you have it someplace great, it’s transcendent.” He said, “If you’re at a great restaurant, just give it a try again.” I was at a great restaurant, and I tried it again, and it was horrible. I just don’t like it. But he got me. He got me with the whole, “Oh, if you try a good… ” I texted him, I think right then and there, and said, “You lied. You lied to me.”

John: He lied. He lied. Let’s see if we can answer some listener questions here.

Craig: I bet we can.

John: We’ll start with Stefan in Prague.

Drew: “How do you thread the needle when writing weirdos or characters that feel really off without making them feel artificial? What, if anything, changes when the character is the protagonist or a side character or the antagonist?”

John: I think a question I would start with is, is the character weird in the context of the film, in the context of the story? Would other people around that character say, oh, that’s a weirdo, or is just the world weird and it’s a character who makes sense within this weird world? Those are two different situations. It’s how the people around them are reacting that will cause us to have empathy, sympathy, relatability with that character, based on how everyone else is treating them.

Craig: Yeah. Stefan, the other advice I would give you is to go far more specific. Weirdo or off is such a broad concept. We use it all the time, but we’re not necessarily accountable to an audience when we’re describing somebody. But very typically, if you’re saying to somebody, “Oh my gosh. I went on a date, and I was with this guy. He was so weird,” the very next question the person you’re talking to will ask is, “How?”

John: What did they do specifically? Yes.

Craig: Yes. In what ways were they weird? Did they have verbal tics? Did they move physically stiffly? Did they not have the ability to make reasonable segues in conversation? Were they obsessive about one sort of thing? What was weird about them? Did they not blink? There are so many ways that we can feel offput by somebody.

It’s worth doing your research here and thinking, okay, when I think about weird or off, who am I actually thinking about in my head? Or am I thinking about a couple of different people? What about them? Go really specific. Do some research. Are you talking about neurodiversity? Are you talking about somebody with anger issues? What are you going for? Get really, really deep under the hood. The more you get under the hood, the more interesting and specific it will be, and certainly, the more realistic it will seem.

John: Absolutely. You think about the Pee-wee Herman character or Napoleon Dynamite, they are weirdos, and yet they’re specific to their world. They are the heroes, the centers of the story, because everything’s constructed to let them be the centers of the story. Think of all the characters in Wes Anderson movies. We were talking about Wes Anderson. Most of those are weirdos, and it works within the context of that movie. Again, it’s all about how these characters fit within the world that you created.

Craig: Exactly.

John: Next question comes from a Concerned Dad.

Drew: Concerned Dad writes, “My son is looking to hire a ghostwriter for an idea he has for a full-length movie screenplay. Neither my son nor I have experience in this. He has done some research and found this person, who has a website which he has shared with us. This person is listed on IMDb. He has sent a contract to my son. The price is $7,500 over 4 installments, each with a deliverable for a 100-page script. He also asks for 2 percent if the script is optioned or sold to a third party, as well as a co-writer credit, and that the client owns the rights and copyrights to the script. Do you have any thoughts or advice I could pass on to my son?”

John: I believe the person writing in with this letter, but I also kind of don’t believe it, because I’ve never actually heard of this existing in the real world, where someone commissions a screenplay for $7,500 where their name is taken off it. This is wild and crazy and does not make sense at all. Wait six months, Concerned Dad. You can just hire the Pareto.AI people to generate the screenplay for you and probably be cheaper than this.

This is weird and wrong and bad. There are no movies that are made that are done this way, where a ghostwriter wrote the screenplay and a different person has their name on it. Having an idea for a movie is not a thing. I think that’s part of what we’ve talked about on this podcast for 12 years. None of this feels right. You should not be sending money to these people.

Craig: Yeah. First of all, I just think as a writer, the idea of hiring a ghostwriter, it’s against my values, because writing is about authorship. It’s the purpose of it. I’m looking at the website that Concerned Dad has indicated for this ghostwriter. I don’t like it. I think it’s full of a lot of unverifiable boasting. Furthermore, if somebody is gonna write you an entire screenplay for-

John: $7,500.

Craig: Over four installments. $7,500 for a screenplay. Just to be clear, WGA scale minimum for an original screenplay, I think, is $100,000. You’re gonna get what you pay for. You’re gonna get something that I assume somebody just barfs out, for the cost of $7,500. He’s asking for a co-writer credit. That doesn’t even make sense, because this isn’t a WGA thing. Eventually, it just ends up as source material, and somebody else is gonna get writing credit at the WGA.

I don’t know what to say except this would be a huge waste of money, and you’re not doing your son any favors. If my kid came to me and said, “I have an idea for a movie. I’m looking to hire somebody to do it for me,” I would say, “We need to talk about values.”

John: I think the other thing you could say to your son is, “Congratulations, you’re a producer.” You’re a producer with an idea for a movie. You’re gonna go out and hire a writer. That is an actual, valid thing. Producers have ideas. They read a bunch of scripts. They hire a writer. They pay that writer to write a script for them. That is a thing that happens. But this ghostwriter thing is not a real thing.

Craig: No. “Congratulations, you want to be a producer.” How about go do the work that is required to function in this business. There are 14 billion people who want to be in Hollywood. Your son isn’t any different, except that he thinks that if he pays $7,500, he has this genius way of short-circuiting the whole thing. He does not. It will be bad. It will not work. Never in the history of Hollywood has some ghostwritten script for $7,500 ended up on screen and made somebody’s career. Even if it did, what would anyone need your son for? To hire the publicly advertising ghostwriter again? It just doesn’t make sense. So, no. No. No.

John: No.

Craig: No.

John: That’s Craig’s answer to a lot of the questions today.

Craig: Yes. But Concerned Dad, I will say, as a fellow dad, that concern, the reason you labeled yourself concerned, it means, A, you love your kid, which I love, and B, you have an instinct that should be heeded.

John: For sure.

Craig: Good on you, actually.

John: It is time for our One Cool Things. My One Cool Thing this week is the Pageant of the Masters. Craig, what do you know of the Pageant of the Masters?

Craig: Nothing.

John: Nothing. You watched Arrested Development, I’m sure. This was actually a joke on Arrested Development, where the family, the Bluths, were participating in what they called the Living Classics, which is where they would stage these great works of visual art, and they’d have to dress up like the people and recreate the frames of these master artworks. It’s a real thing.

The Pageant of the Masters happens in Laguna Beach once a year, for six weeks or so. For my birthday, we went down to Laguna Beach and we saw it. And it was actually kind of great. I was expecting it to be cheesy. There was some element of cheese to it, but it was also incredibly impressive.

You’re in the audience. It’s this outdoor amphitheater. There’s narration, which is actually really well written and really well delivered. There’s a full orchestra. But the curtains open, and it is a work of art, a painting. You’re looking at it like, “Oh, wait, those are some real people in there.” There are people who are dressed up in the costumes, with their faces painted to look like the brushstrokes of the people in there. You really have to look carefully to figure out, oh, that actually is a person in there and not something else.

You’re admiring it for, at most, a minute. The curtains close, and then very quickly, the curtains reopen again and it’s a completely different staged artwork. It’s not until maybe five or six of these reveals in does it actually show you – they don’t close the curtain. They actually show what happens behind the scenes.

Anybody who’s interested in stagecraft will be just blown away by how precise everything is. The picture frame has to change. There’s a quick change of the person who was wearing this one thing. Clothes get ripped off and they’re in a different thing. New sets are brought in behind them. It’s all just on rails to get it to happen so quickly. It was incredibly impressive.

The theme this year was the art of fashion, so they went back to Ancient Egypt but up to Alexander McQueen and the work of Edith Head, who developed Hitchcock’s movies. It was just really, really well done. If you happen to be on Laguna Beach and get a chance to see Pageant of the Masters this year or next year, I’d recommend it, because it was actually a much cooler thing than I was expecting.

Craig: That sounds actually pretty awesome. I’m looking at the list of the paintings. I would love to see The Last Supper with people.

John: The Last Supper was the final work of art in this year’s performance.

Craig: That’s what I’m seeing. As opposed to what people thought was The Last Supper in the opening ceremony for the Olympics, when it was not.

John: It was not. In the show notes, I’ll put a link to this Wall Street Journal video that shows how they do some of the work. This is some young children painted up like this work of art. The people you’re seeing on stage are volunteers. Good lord, that’s such a time commitment to do it. But I was really impressed by the professionalism of everything around it was off the charts.

Craig: That’s amazing. Well done, Pageant of the Masters.

John: Craig, do you have a One Cool Thing for us?

Craig: I do. I’m very, very late with this. I apologize to Dan Erickson, the creator, and to Ben Stiller and Aoife McArdle, the two primary directors of this show, or the only two directors of the show, but I finally watched Severance.

John: Holy cow, I loved it. Did you love it?

Craig: Loved it. I mean loved it. I finished it and I texted my agent and I said, “Who represents Dan Erickson? I need his contact. I just need to email him and just tell him how good this was for me, how much I loved it.” It’s one of my favorite things to do is just email someone and go, “I watched your thing. I loved it. Here’s why.”

It was so brilliantly done. The thing I loved about Severance is, the sci-fi high concept of it, which they exposited beautifully, could have led to 400,000 bad shows and maybe 1 good one. They did the good one. What I loved about it is that it ultimately prompted questions that were relevant to me, to all of us, not just about work and life and late-stage capitalism, all the easy stuff, but literally about who we are, what defines us. How important are our memories? How important is experience? If I split, is it still me? What is me? What responsibility do I have toward me? Who would I be if all the circumstances around me changed irrevocably and the other ones were wiped away from my memory? All of that stuff was so brilliantly done. The tone was so cool. I love the look of it.

John: Now, growing up in New Jersey, were you familiar with Holmdel, the exterior there for the big office building? Because that’s where my dad used to work.

Craig: Indeed, I was familiar with Holmdel and the exterior. It was an old AT&T building, I think, right?

John: That’s right. Bell Labs.

Craig: Bell Labs. Lovely brutalist kind of thing sitting there. The casting was brilliant. I loved how spare everything was. When you look, there’s almost nothing in there. I assume that that’s probably a lot of input from Ben Stiller, since he was directing the first few episodes and kind of sets the look, I imagine, along with Dan Erickson, to be so sparse.

I loved how they had a job that made no sense, but they told you it made no sense and explained why the characters were okay with it making no sense and promising that perhaps maybe it does make sense. The confusion versus mystery meter was perfectly pitched.

The most important thing, the thing that made my heart sing, was that in a world where television shows are constantly using the bait of mystery that they cannot actually pay off, this show paid it all off. When I say paid it off, I don’t mean they figured out a way for it to make sense later. It was clear that they knew from the start, everything they wanted to do, who everyone was, why everything was happening, and how it should come out. It was just masterfully done.

I don’t know how many people watch Severance, because it’s on Apple TV, and it’s not like there are ratings or anything, but I would encourage anyone who has not put in the time to put in the time. By the way, it’s not one of those things where it’s like, “You just gotta watch the first five episodes and then it gets good.” It’s good literally in the first second. It’s great.

John: It’s one of the shows you can definitely say watch the first episode. If you don’t like the first episode, you’re not gonna like the series. Then move on. That’s great. Some things will not be for everybody. But definitely, it’s the show it is from the very start, which I love about it.

You and I actually had the same experience, because I watched it while I had COVID, when I was stuck in Boston. You watched it more recently on COVID. We both had COVID brain as we were watching it. I don’t think that’s a prerequisite for loving it, but definitely, it was the same special time.

Craig: It focuses you. It focuses you, and it helps pass the time while you’re sitting there blowing your nose. I would just say again that everything is so beautifully thought through. The level of intelligence that went into the creation of the show, and the seamless direction, also, between Ben Stiller and Aoife McArdle. For me, at least, there was no seams. It was all beautifully done.

Congrats to Dan Erickson. Congrats to any of the writers on the show. I’m looking now to see who else was writing on it. Just so gorgeously done. There was Anna Ouyang Mench and Mohamad El Masri and Wei-Ning Yu and Chris Black and Andrew Colville and Kari Drake and Helen Leigh and Amanda Overton and Erin Wagoner. Congrats to everybody there. Oh, and Samuel Donovan also directed two episodes. Congrats to the crew that put it together. You could just tell it was put together with love. Huge tip of the hat also to Adam Scott, Zach Cherry, Britt Lower, and of course, the great John Turturro, not to mention Christopher Walken, all of whom sort of led things, and then Patricia Arquette, who just was so-

John: Great.

Craig: And Tramell Tillman. Oh my god, was he good.

John: Oh, yeah, he’s a star-maker.

Craig: Honestly, just top to bottom, wow. What else can I say? Couldn’t have loved it more.

John: That’s great. That is our show for this week.

Craig: Yay.

John: Scriptnotes is produced by Drew Marquardt.

Craig: What.

John: Edited by Matthew Chilelli.

Craig: Woo.

John: Our outro this week is by Pascui Rivas, and lord, it’s such a good outro. Man, you guys have just been topping yourselves. Thank you to everyone who sends through these outros. If you have one, you can send us a link to ask@johnaugust.com. That’s also the place where you can send questions like the ones we answered today. Y

ou will find the show notes for this episode and all episodes at johnaugust.com. That’s also where you’ll find the transcripts and sign up for our weekly newsletter called Inneresting, which has lots of links to things about writing. We have T-shirts and hoodies and drinkware now and hats. They’re all great. You’ll find those at Cotton Bureau.

You can sign up to become a Premium member at scriptnotes.net, where you get all those back-episodes and Bonus Segments, like the one we’re about to record on when it’s okay to bail on a thing, which is not an excuse to get rid of Craig, I promise. Craig, thanks for being here. Good to have you back.

Craig: Good to be back.

[Bonus Segment]

John: In the main show, we talked about you’re sitting in a movie theater, and you actually have the choice, you could leave the movie theater. Rarely will I do it, but sometimes I’ve done it. But I want to talk about when you can bail on a book or a play, a friendship, a relationship, a marriage.

Let’s start with books. Craig, if you start reading a book, how much of a book do you feel like you need to read before it’s just not for you and you’re setting it down and never picking it up again?

Craig: It’s gotten shorter over time. I think it wasn’t that I was more patient. I just simply had broader taste. It was just more accepting. I have become less accepting. I feel like if I’m gonna read something, I want it to be great. For me, it’s not really a question of pages. It’s just like once I get to a spot where I go, “This is just not enjoyable. I’m not looking forward to turning the page,” it’s over.

John: Yeah. There’s no sense of having to honor that commitment and finish a thing. I’m better about setting down books. Honestly, Mike and I – Mike more so than I am – we’re both a little bit stubborn about continuing to watch a show that we’ve stopped enjoying. Something that we really enjoy the first season, the second season, if we’re in the third season, we’ll probably stick with it, even if we’re not loving it. Some of it’s inertia. Some of it’s hoping it’ll get back to its good form. But we’ve definitely stuck it out through bad final seasons of shows. Craig, do you stick with a show if it’s not working in later seasons?

Craig: No. No, I don’t. Maybe because I make a television show and I’ve made movies, there’s something about movies and television shows where I just… At least with a movie, it’s like, meh. Look. Unless we’re talking about some three-and-a-half-hour behemoth, it’s gonna be a couple hours of my life. It’ll end. I’ve walked out of two movies in my life, because it just feels like, meh, distress tolerance. You’ll make it through. But television shows, now I have to actively go and keep watching.

I won’t say what the series was, but it was a very supergenre, very popcorny, fun television show that I watched the first two seasons of, and then the third season came around and I was like, “I’m done.”

John: We’ve been talking about works of art, but let’s talk about in the real world and relationships. Friendships that you’ve decided to bail on. I can think of a couple. There’s natural stages of your life where you have friends who are specific to that stage of life, and as you move past that stage of life, you have to decide, are they gonna come with me, or are they gonna stay back there? There are friends from high school who I wish them well, but they’re not my friends now; friends from college, the same way.

But there’s also some people who I’ve just had to make deliberate choices, like, “You know what? I think I’m not gonna continue this friendship.” I always feel weird about it. Also, it feels like, do I acknowledge to that person that I’m not continuing the friendship, or do I just let it fade away and let things go longer between the texts?

Craig: As we get older, it seems less and less reasonable to force yourself to spend time with people you don’t enjoy or people who actively are upsetting you, because you’re running out of life. When you’re in your 20s, it’s like, whatever, who cares? We’re entering the “ain’t nobody got time for that” phase of our lives.

I’ve never really said, “Dear so-and-so, it’s over.” You just put a little less effort in. Look. The truth is, I’m not so proud as to imagine the people on the other end are like, “He seems like he’s putting less effort in.” I think they have plenty of other people that they’re… If it’s not working for me, it’s probably not working that much for them either.

But mostly, the friends I have that I really care about, I care about. I’m more of a focus on the people I really like person, as opposed to a, “I go and move with lots of different people every weekend. I go here and there with this group and this group and this group.” I don’t have that kind of social battery anyway.

I don’t really recall having to actually push the eject button specifically on a person. But I would say certainly if you’re not enjoying someone’s company, just remove yourself.

John: It is interesting. There was a person who was a friend for a good number of years and things fell off. Moving to France was actually a pretty clear demarcation of who’d I get back in touch with after I moved back from France and who I did not. But when I saw this person got married this last week – there was a Facebook post that Mike shared, like, “They got married.” I was like, “Oh, wow. That’s so weird.” I was trying to fill in all the details from what must’ve happened between the last time I saw them and now.

It was just a reminder that time marches on for everybody. Just because someone’s not in your sight right now, they’re still off living their own lives. There’s a whole bunch of stuff that I missed.

Craig: Thank God for that. I’m one of those people that, if somebody asked me, “Would you prefer that people be thinking about you or not thinking about you?” I am 100 percent in the I would prefer they are not thinking about me category. Go think about other stuff, and I’ll see you when I see you.

John: It’s a strange thing. There are friends who I think about, and it never really occurs to me they must be thinking about me too. I don’t know. I’m sure they are.

Craig: It’s possible. I like to live in a fantasy that – like babies don’t have object permanence – when I’m with somebody, we’re being friends, and then when we go away, they’re not really there.

John: I would also say with friendship, having regular times when you’re going to meet is so crucial for this. I definitely have friends, who are longtime friends, who I haven’t seen them for a year, you could pick right back up and everything’s fine. But also, the fact that I see you guys every week for D&D, the fact that we’re on a Zoom for this, those regularly scheduled things are important. It reminds me of why bowling leagues and church and other things like that are so crucial for maintaining and strengthening friendships.

Craig: Yeah, especially for men. They’ve done all these studies. As men grow older, they just stop having friends. They just end up being friends with their spouse, and that’s it.

John: A lot of work for them.

Craig: Then their work, quote unquote, friends. But they don’t have their own friends. I saw this happen with my dad. They begin to get isolated and detached from the world around them and stubborn and cranky. Because I don’t go to church, and because, generally speaking, I hate anything organized with people – any time I’m part of anything that even vaguely resembles a mob, I start to get very sweaty. But the fact that we do have this ongoing D&D game, and that I have a couple other groups that I play D&D with here and there, is like that’s my church. That’s where all these friends come from.

Then on top of that, honestly, because of a bunch of online things that have since withered away in importance, I know a lot of writers that do what we do, and I have a lot of friends that do what we do. We meet up and we hang out and we have a drink. We go out to dinner. We know each other’s spouses and things. Those things are wonderful. I’m just very grateful. My wife has 4 million friends.

John: I’ll see them over at your house, and I’m like, “Oh, yeah, another Melissa friend.”

Craig: It’s insane. But I have, I don’t know, like 20. I have a decent amount of friends, and I love seeing them. I’m just very grateful that even though I go and I disappear for a year to go do something, a bunch of them are also disappearing for a year to go do something. We’re all in that world. When we’re back together, we’re back together, and it feels great.

John: Craig, it’s always great to be back together with you.

Craig: Aw. Segue man.

John: Thanks for another fun show.

Craig: Thank you.

Links:

  • WGAW Good and Welfare Emergency Assistance Loans
  • AI Screenwriter job posting
  • Pageant of the Masters
  • Pageant of the Masters Brings Art to Life from the Wall Street Journal on YouTube
  • Arrested Development – The Living Classics
  • Severance on Apple TV+
  • Get a Scriptnotes T-shirt!
  • Check out the Inneresting Newsletter
  • Gift a Scriptnotes Subscription or treat yourself to a premium subscription!
  • Craig Mazin on Threads and Instagram
  • John August on Threads, Instagram, Twitter and Mastodon
  • Outro by Pascui Rivas (send us yours!)
  • Scriptnotes is produced by Drew Marquardt and edited by Matthew Chilelli.

Email us at ask@johnaugust.com

You can download the episode here.

« Previous Page
Next Page »

Primary Sidebar

Newsletter

Inneresting Logo A Quote-Unquote Newsletter about Writing
Read Now

Explore

Projects

  • Aladdin (1)
  • Arlo Finch (27)
  • Big Fish (88)
  • Birdigo (2)
  • Charlie (39)
  • Charlie's Angels (16)
  • Chosen (2)
  • Corpse Bride (9)
  • Dead Projects (18)
  • Frankenweenie (10)
  • Go (30)
  • Karateka (4)
  • Monsterpocalypse (3)
  • One Hit Kill (6)
  • Ops (6)
  • Preacher (2)
  • Prince of Persia (13)
  • Shazam (6)
  • Snake People (6)
  • Tarzan (5)
  • The Nines (118)
  • The Remnants (12)
  • The Variant (22)

Apps

  • Bronson (14)
  • FDX Reader (11)
  • Fountain (32)
  • Highland (73)
  • Less IMDb (4)
  • Weekend Read (64)

Recommended Reading

  • First Person (88)
  • Geek Alert (151)
  • WGA (162)
  • Workspace (19)

Screenwriting Q&A

  • Adaptation (66)
  • Directors (90)
  • Education (49)
  • Film Industry (492)
  • Formatting (130)
  • Genres (90)
  • Glossary (6)
  • Pitches (29)
  • Producers (59)
  • Psych 101 (119)
  • Rights and Copyright (96)
  • So-Called Experts (47)
  • Story and Plot (170)
  • Television (165)
  • Treatments (21)
  • Words on the page (238)
  • Writing Process (178)

More screenwriting Q&A at screenwriting.io

© 2025 John August — All Rights Reserved.