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Archives for 2009

Simple English Wikipedia

April 20, 2009 Africa, International

For another article I’m working on, I came across the [Simple English Wikipedia](http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page), a parallel set of articles written in a subset of English designed for non-native speakers, students, children and others who may have trouble with standard English:

> __Simple English__ is similar to English, but it only uses basic words.

> We suggest that articles should use only the 1000 most common and basic words in English. They should also use only simple grammar, and shorter sentences. Writers can also use a special system, for example Basic English. Of course, people can write original articles; these could be put in both this and the main Wikipedia (with a normal level of English). Usually, only about 2,000 words are enough to write a normal article.

For example, here is the first paragraph from the botany article, first in the [regular English wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany)…

> Botany, plant science(n), phytology, or plant biology is a branch of biology and is the scientific study of plant life and development. Botany covers a wide range of scientific disciplines that study plants, algae, and fungi including: structure, growth, reproduction, metabolism, development, diseases, chemical properties, and evolutionary relationships between the different groups. Botany began with tribal efforts to identify edible, medicinal and poisonous plants, making botany one of the oldest sciences. From this ancient interest in plants, the scope of botany has increased to include the study of over 550,000 species of living organisms.

…and in [Simple English](http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany):

> Botany is a science. It is a branch of biology, and is also called plant biology. It is sometimes called phytology. Botany is the study of plants. Scientists who study botany are called botanists. They want to learn about how plants work.

That feels like a book report I wrote in third grade after a deep research session with the World Book Encyclopedia. But that’s a good thing. For many users, that simple definition of botany is all they need. It answers their question, and provides a basis for further learning.

More importantly, a user with limited English could write that article and share it with the world, while inviting the same kind of editing and feedback that native-language articles get. A teenager in Botswana could document the rules for a common game largely unknown outside the community. That’s remarkably helpful.

I can anticipate cries of implicit English imperialism; who says that the world’s knowledge is better kept in English? Fair enough. But I’d rather the article exist in Simple English than not exist. I’d also suggest that Simple English probably machine-translates into other languages more easily than other alternatives.

As a side note, it’s worth pointing out that the [simple](http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screenwriter) article for “screenwriter” is currently better than the [full](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screenwriter) one.

Inspiration, creativity and showing up

April 16, 2009 Psych 101, Video

Terrific talk by Elizabeth Gilbert from the TED series. Nineteen minutes well spent.

Thanks to Rawson for the link.

Inner struggle is not plot

April 16, 2009 QandA, Story and Plot

questionmarkIt seems a lot of my scripts revolve around a character’s inner struggle and their inner demons creating destructive physical reactions (acting out). My question is: What if the main character’s motivation is finding their way because they are lost? Isn’t this a purely mental obstacle?

I know you say to make these obstacles physical and simple but this is the complete opposite. Any help would be appreciated.

— Dallas
Staten Island, NY

Write a book. Or a song. Or a poem.

Sure, many great movies feature characters struggling against their demons, or attempting to find themselves. But it’s invariably played as subtext against a more external conflict — the one that actually drives the plot. You need to be able to point the camera at something.

There’s nothing wrong with internal struggle. Just pick a medium that can handle it.

Looking back on #amazonfail

April 15, 2009 Meta

Two good write-ups today on the [weekend phenomenon](http://johnaugust.com/archives/2009/twitchforks) in which many smart people became swept up in moral outrage based on flimsy logic.

If you missed it, [Clay Shirky](http://www.shirky.com/weblog/2009/04/the-failure-of-amazonfail/) summarizes it thusly:

> After an enormous number of books relating to lesbian, gay, bi-sexual, and transgendered (LGBT) themes lost their Amazon sales rank, and therefore their visibility in certain Amazon list and search functions, we participated in a public campaign, largely coordinated via the Twitter keyword #amazonfail (a form of labeling called a hashtag) because of a perceived injustice at the hands of that company, an injustice that didn’t actually occur.

Mary Hodder would probably agree with most of that history. But in [her take](http://www.techcrunch.com/2009/04/14/guest-post-why-amazon-didnt-just-have-a-glitch/) on the event, she finds there is still reason for outrage, even if Amazon wasn’t deliberately trying to sweep gay titles under the rug:

> The issue with #AmazonFail isn’t that a French Employee pressed the wrong button or could affect the system by changing “false” to “true” in filtering certain “adult” classified items, it’s that Amazon’s system has assumptions such as: sexual orientation is part of “adult”. And “gay” is part of “adult.” In other words, #AmazonFail is about the subconscious assumptions of people built into algorithms and classification that contain discriminatory ideas. When other employees use the system, whether they themselves agree with the underlying assumptions of the algorithms and classification system, or even realize the system has these point’s of view built in, they can put those assumptions into force, as the Amazon France Employee apparently did according to Amazon.

Shirky found himself part of the #amazonfail mob, and is now embarrassed by his assumptions:

> Though the #amazonfail event is important for several reasons, I can’t write about it dispassionately, because I was an enthusiastic participant in its use on Sunday. I was wrong, because I believed things that weren’t true. As bad as that was, though, far worse is the retrofitting of alternate rationales to continue to view Amazon with suspicion, rationales that would not have provoked the outrage we felt had they been all we were asked to react to in the first place.

Shirky calls this “conservation of outrage.” Once you realize the original thing you were upset about doesn’t exist, there is a great temptation to find an alternate target. We’ve all done that.

Beyond the conspiracy theories, what I found most interesting about #amazonfail were tweets demanding to know why Amazon hadn’t corrected the problem just hours after the term had surged on Twitter. It speaks to the speed of popular culture — and the sugar-high of Twitter — that we expect every problem to be identified and remedied immediately. Five minutes feels like an eternity.

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